CN106244083A - 一种可生物降解的环保型聚氨酯发泡胶 - Google Patents

一种可生物降解的环保型聚氨酯发泡胶 Download PDF

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CN106244083A
CN106244083A CN201610604940.0A CN201610604940A CN106244083A CN 106244083 A CN106244083 A CN 106244083A CN 201610604940 A CN201610604940 A CN 201610604940A CN 106244083 A CN106244083 A CN 106244083A
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陆厚平
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Hefei E-Chon Metal Plate Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种可生物降解的环保型聚氨酯发泡胶，由下列重量份的原料制成：二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯150‑160、三羟基聚氧化丙烯醚100‑105、蓖麻油100‑110、丙三醇5‑6、磷酸二乙酯40‑43、1mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液适量、硅藻土13‑15、蒸馏水5‑6、三乙醇胺2‑3、二月桂酸二丁基锡3‑4、月桂酸3‑4、二甲基硅油3‑4、邻苯二甲酸酐1.5‑2、玉米淀粉20‑24、乙二醇45‑50、12mol/L的浓盐酸2‑3。本发明制成的发泡胶可以现场发泡，具有良好的压缩强度、密度、弹性以及耐水性，可用于机柜的密封，使用寿命长，而且原料均为环保材质，可生物降解。

Description

一种可生物降解的环保型聚氨酯发泡胶
技术领域
本发明涉及发泡胶技术领域，尤其涉及一种可生物降解的环保型聚氨酯发泡胶。
背景技术
双组分聚氨酯胶黏剂是聚氨酯胶黏剂中最重要的一类，通常由A组分（主剂）和B组分（固化剂）组成，其中A组分为羟基组分，B组分为含游离异氰酸酯基组分，二者分开包装，可按一定比例配制使用。在我国，发泡型双组分聚氨酯胶黏剂的研究始于1995年，20世纪90年代后期逐渐投入使用。发泡型双组分聚氨酯胶黏剂具有多孔性、相对密度较低、比强度较高等特点，按照原料和配方的不同可制成普通软泡、硬泡、高回弹泡沫以及慢回弹泡沫等，现已被广泛应用于汽车、电子、机柜、过滤器、三防灯具、防爆壳体、家用电器等多个应用领域。因此，发泡型双组分聚氨酯胶黏剂的推广前景非常乐观。本发明针对其在开关柜、机柜密封等方面的应用进行研究。开关柜或者机柜等外壳的作用是避免内部设备受外界因素的干扰，但仅有外壳不足以阻挡外部风沙或电磁辐射，这时，需要密封条来增加产品整体密封性能。传统密封工艺是采用物理粘接方法将标准密封件粘接在密封位置，该方法存在生产效率低、可靠性差、不美观等诸多缺陷。
《发泡型双组分聚氨酯胶黏剂的制备》一文中以三羟基聚氧化丙烯醚、蓖麻油和二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯为主要原料，丙三醇为扩链剂，水为发泡剂，通过合适的配比，采用预聚法合成了一种发泡型双组分聚氨酯胶黏剂，制成的发泡胶黏剂泡沫均匀细腻，拉伸剪切强度较高，综合性能较优，但其耐热性能较差，容易燃烧，用做开关柜或者机柜的密封时，不能满足使用的安全性，这就需要对其热稳定性进行加强改性，提高阻燃性能。
发明内容
本发明目的就是为了弥补已有技术的缺陷，提供一种可生物降解的环保型聚氨酯发泡胶。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种可生物降解的环保型聚氨酯发泡胶，由下列重量份的原料制成：二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯150-160、三羟基聚氧化丙烯醚100-105、蓖麻油100-110、丙三醇5-6、磷酸二乙酯40-43、1mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液适量、硅藻土13-15、蒸馏水5-6、三乙醇胺2-3、二月桂酸二丁基锡3-4、月桂酸3-4、二甲基硅油3-4、邻苯二甲酸酐1.5-2、玉米淀粉20-24、乙二醇45-50、12mol/L的浓盐酸2-3。
所述一种可生物降解的环保型聚氨酯发泡胶，由以下具体步骤制成：
（1）将三羟基聚氧化丙烯醚、蓖麻油和丙三醇倒入反应釜中，恒温水浴加热至85-90℃，以150-200转/分的速度搅拌反应60-90分钟，然后降温至40-50℃，缓慢滴加磷酸二乙酯，在30分钟内加完，滴加完毕，升温至70-75℃，反应2-3小时，待反应完毕用1mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液中和至pH为7，在55-60℃减压脱水；
（2）在反应釜中加入乙二醇，边搅拌边加入一半量的玉米淀粉，升温至130-140℃，加入12mol/L的浓盐酸，保温反应60-70分钟后蒸馏30-40分钟，除去乙二醇，得到粘稠液体待用；将粘稠液体与玉米淀粉混合，以600-800转/份的速度搅拌30-40分钟，得到混合物料；
（3）将硅藻土烘干粉碎，过300目筛，然后与步骤（1）得到的反应产物、步骤（2）得到的混合物料混合，依次加入三乙醇胺、二月桂酸二丁基锡、蒸馏水以及除二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯之外的其余剩余成分，以800-1000转/分的速度搅拌2-3分钟，得到混合料A；
（4）在发泡胶使用现场将混合料A加热至恒温30℃，然后加入二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯，快速混合，用电动搅拌器以300-400转/分的速度进行搅拌15-20秒后，将混合料涂到工件表面，加热至25-30℃，使其自行发泡，然后表面干燥，实现现场发泡成型，得到发泡胶。
本发明的优点是：本发明通过三羟基聚氧化丙烯醚、蓖麻油与丙三醇复配，通过搅拌混合可以与B组分中游离的异氰酸酯基发生交联反应，生成稳定的体型结构；在反应体系中添加磷酸二乙酯，可以提高体系的氧指数，配合硅藻土的添加，进一步提高体系的阻燃性能，而且随着硅藻土的添加，发泡胶的泡孔变得更加紧密，降低了其导热系数，使其具有良好的隔热效果；本发明还在反应过程中添加一定量的三乙醇胺和二月桂酸二丁基锡，使其形成复合催化体系，对体系中各个反应进行催化作用从而达到平衡的发泡状态；本发明利用蒸馏水作为发泡剂，不使用有机溶剂，安全环保，可以形成外观优良，泡沫均匀细腻，黏度适中，阻燃效果优异，使用时易于涂覆，并且固化后的拉伸剪切强度较高的发泡胶。
本发明将玉米淀粉进行改性添加到反应体系中，可以避免因反应过快而发泡过速，可以形成良好的发泡结构；本发明制成的发泡胶可以现场发泡，具有良好的压缩强度、密度、弹性以及耐水性，可用于机柜的密封，使用寿命长，而且原料均为环保材质，可生物降解。
具体实施方式
一种可生物降解的环保型聚氨酯发泡胶，由下列重量份（公斤）的原料制成：二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯150、三羟基聚氧化丙烯醚100、蓖麻油100、丙三醇5、磷酸二乙酯40、1mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液适量、硅藻土13、蒸馏水5、三乙醇胺2、二月桂酸二丁基锡3、月桂酸3、二甲基硅油3、邻苯二甲酸酐1.5、玉米淀粉20、乙二醇45、12mol/L的浓盐酸2。
所述一种可生物降解的环保型聚氨酯发泡胶，由以下具体步骤制成：
（1）将三羟基聚氧化丙烯醚、蓖麻油和丙三醇倒入反应釜中，恒温水浴加热至85℃，以150转/分的速度搅拌反应60分钟，然后降温至40℃，缓慢滴加磷酸二乙酯，在30分钟内加完，滴加完毕，升温至70℃，反应2小时，待反应完毕用1mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液中和至pH为7，在55℃减压脱水；
（2）在反应釜中加入乙二醇，边搅拌边加入一半量的玉米淀粉，升温至130℃，加入12mol/L的浓盐酸，保温反应60分钟后蒸馏30分钟，除去乙二醇，得到粘稠液体待用；将粘稠液体与玉米淀粉混合，以600转/份的速度搅拌30分钟，得到混合物料；
（3）将硅藻土烘干粉碎，过300目筛，然后与步骤（1）得到的反应产物、步骤（2）得到的混合物料混合，依次加入三乙醇胺、二月桂酸二丁基锡、蒸馏水以及除二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯之外的其余剩余成分，以800转/分的速度搅拌2分钟，得到混合料A；
（4）在发泡胶使用现场将混合料A加热至恒温30℃，然后加入二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯，快速混合，用电动搅拌器以300转/分的速度进行搅拌15秒后，将混合料涂到工件表面，加热至25℃，使其自行发泡，然后表面干燥，实现现场发泡成型，得到发泡胶。
本发明将混合料A与二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯通过合适的配比通过混合搅拌，再涂到开关柜或机柜的沟槽中，经化学反应发泡、表面结皮，实现现场发泡成型；通过测试，得到表干时间28分钟，完全固化时间小于12小时；进行专项的压缩试验，测试回弹损失率符合产品要求。

Claims (2)

1.一种可生物降解的环保型聚氨酯发泡胶，其特征在于，由下列重量份的原料制成：二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯150-160、三羟基聚氧化丙烯醚100-105、蓖麻油100-110、丙三醇5-6、磷酸二乙酯40-43、1mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液适量、硅藻土13-15、蒸馏水5-6、三乙醇胺2-3、二月桂酸二丁基锡3-4、月桂酸3-4、二甲基硅油3-4、邻苯二甲酸酐1.5-2、玉米淀粉20-24、乙二醇45-50、12mol/L的浓盐酸2-3。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种可生物降解的环保型聚氨酯发泡胶，其特征在于，由以下具体步骤制成：
（1）将三羟基聚氧化丙烯醚、蓖麻油和丙三醇倒入反应釜中，恒温水浴加热至85-90℃，以150-200转/分的速度搅拌反应60-90分钟，然后降温至40-50℃，缓慢滴加磷酸二乙酯，在30分钟内加完，滴加完毕，升温至70-75℃，反应2-3小时，待反应完毕用1mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液中和至pH为7，在55-60℃减压脱水；
（2）在反应釜中加入乙二醇，边搅拌边加入一半量的玉米淀粉，升温至130-140℃，加入12mol/L的浓盐酸，保温反应60-70分钟后蒸馏30-40分钟，除去乙二醇，得到粘稠液体待用；将粘稠液体与玉米淀粉混合，以600-800转/份的速度搅拌30-40分钟，得到混合物料；
（3）将硅藻土烘干粉碎，过300目筛，然后与步骤（1）得到的反应产物、步骤（2）得到的混合物料混合，依次加入三乙醇胺、二月桂酸二丁基锡、蒸馏水以及除二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯之外的其余剩余成分，以800-1000转/分的速度搅拌2-3分钟，得到混合料A；
（4）在发泡胶使用现场将混合料A加热至恒温30℃，然后加入二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯，快速混合，用电动搅拌器以300-400转/分的速度进行搅拌15-20秒后，将混合料涂到工件表面，加热至25-30℃，使其自行发泡，然后表面干燥，实现现场发泡成型，得到发泡胶。
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