CN106221656A - 一种压缩回弹性好的用于密封的聚氨酯发泡胶 - Google Patents

一种压缩回弹性好的用于密封的聚氨酯发泡胶 Download PDF

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CN106221656A
CN106221656A CN201610604951.9A CN201610604951A CN106221656A CN 106221656 A CN106221656 A CN 106221656A CN 201610604951 A CN201610604951 A CN 201610604951A CN 106221656 A CN106221656 A CN 106221656A
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陆厚平
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Hefei E-Chon Metal Plate Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种压缩回弹性好的用于密封的聚氨酯发泡胶，由下列重量份的原料制成：二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯150‑160、三羟基聚氧化丙烯醚100‑105、蓖麻油100‑110、丙三醇5‑6、磷酸二乙酯40‑43、1mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液适量、硅藻土13‑15、蒸馏水5‑6、三乙醇胺2‑3、二月桂酸二丁基锡3‑4、脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯3‑4、硅油3‑4、褐煤3‑4、三聚氰胺甲醛树脂3‑4、正十八烷2‑3、明胶1‑1.5、去离子水适量。本发明制成的发泡胶可现场发泡用于开关柜等机柜的密封，无接缝，弹性体内部气泡结构均匀，压缩回弹性能好，密封效果好。

Description

一种压缩回弹性好的用于密封的聚氨酯发泡胶
技术领域
本发明涉及发泡胶技术领域，尤其涉及一种压缩回弹性好的用于密封的聚氨酯发泡胶。
背景技术
双组分聚氨酯胶黏剂是聚氨酯胶黏剂中最重要的一类，通常由A组分（主剂）和B组分（固化剂）组成，其中A组分为羟基组分，B组分为含游离异氰酸酯基组分，二者分开包装，可按一定比例配制使用。在我国，发泡型双组分聚氨酯胶黏剂的研究始于1995年，20世纪90年代后期逐渐投入使用。发泡型双组分聚氨酯胶黏剂具有多孔性、相对密度较低、比强度较高等特点，按照原料和配方的不同可制成普通软泡、硬泡、高回弹泡沫以及慢回弹泡沫等，现已被广泛应用于汽车、电子、机柜、过滤器、三防灯具、防爆壳体、家用电器等多个应用领域。因此，发泡型双组分聚氨酯胶黏剂的推广前景非常乐观。本发明针对其在开关柜、机柜密封等方面的应用进行研究。开关柜或者机柜等外壳的作用是避免内部设备受外界因素的干扰，但仅有外壳不足以阻挡外部风沙或电磁辐射，这时，需要密封条来增加产品整体密封性能。传统密封工艺是采用物理粘接方法将标准密封件粘接在密封位置，该方法存在生产效率低、可靠性差、不美观等诸多缺陷。
《发泡型双组分聚氨酯胶黏剂的制备》一文中以三羟基聚氧化丙烯醚、蓖麻油和二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯为主要原料，丙三醇为扩链剂，水为发泡剂，通过合适的配比，采用预聚法合成了一种发泡型双组分聚氨酯胶黏剂，制成的发泡胶黏剂泡沫均匀细腻，拉伸剪切强度较高，综合性能较优，但其耐热性能较差，容易燃烧，用做开关柜或者机柜的密封时，不能满足使用的安全性，这就需要对其热稳定性进行加强改性，提高阻燃性能。
发明内容
本发明目的就是为了弥补已有技术的缺陷，提供一种压缩回弹性好的用于密封的聚氨酯发泡胶。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种压缩回弹性好的用于密封的聚氨酯发泡胶，由下列重量份的原料制成：二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯150-160、三羟基聚氧化丙烯醚100-105、蓖麻油100-110、丙三醇5-6、磷酸二乙酯40-43、1mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液适量、硅藻土13-15、蒸馏水5-6、三乙醇胺2-3、二月桂酸二丁基锡3-4、脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯3-4、硅油3-4、褐煤3-4、三聚氰胺甲醛树脂3-4、正十八烷2-3、明胶1-1.5、去离子水适量。
所述一种压缩回弹性好的用于密封的聚氨酯发泡胶，由以下具体步骤制成：
（1）将三羟基聚氧化丙烯醚、蓖麻油和丙三醇倒入反应釜中，恒温水浴加热至85-90℃，以150-200转/分的速度搅拌反应60-90分钟，然后降温至40-50℃，缓慢滴加磷酸二乙酯，在30分钟内加完，滴加完毕，升温至70-75℃，反应2-3小时，待反应完毕用1mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液中和至pH为7，在55-60℃减压脱水；
（2）将褐煤烘干，粉碎，过200目筛形成煤粉待用；将明胶中加入3-5倍量的去离子水，边搅拌边加热至溶解，然后加入三聚氰胺甲醛树脂、正十八烷，搅拌30-40分钟后，加入上述褐煤粉，放入混料机中混合3-5分钟，出料后送入烘箱中以120-130℃的温度热处理30-40分钟后出料，过100目筛，得到混合物料；
（3）将硅藻土烘干粉碎，过300目筛，然后与步骤（1）得到的反应产物、步骤（2）得到的混合物料混合，依次加入三乙醇胺、二月桂酸二丁基锡、蒸馏水以及除二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯之外的其余剩余成分，以800-1000转/分的速度搅拌2-3分钟，得到混合料A；
（4）在发泡胶使用现场将混合料A加热至恒温30℃，然后加入二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯，快速混合，用电动搅拌器以300-400转/分的速度进行搅拌15-20秒后，将混合料涂到工件表面，加热至25-30℃，使其自行发泡，然后表面干燥，实现现场发泡成型，得到发泡胶。
本发明的优点是：本发明通过三羟基聚氧化丙烯醚、蓖麻油与丙三醇复配，通过搅拌混合可以与B组分中游离的异氰酸酯基发生交联反应，生成稳定的体型结构；在反应体系中添加磷酸二乙酯，可以提高体系的氧指数，配合硅藻土的添加，进一步提高体系的阻燃性能，而且随着硅藻土的添加，发泡胶的泡孔变得更加紧密，降低了其导热系数，使其具有良好的隔热效果；本发明还在反应过程中添加一定量的三乙醇胺和二月桂酸二丁基锡，使其形成复合催化体系，对体系中各个反应进行催化作用从而达到平衡的发泡状态；本发明利用蒸馏水作为发泡剂，不使用有机溶剂，安全环保，可以形成外观优良，泡沫均匀细腻，黏度适中，阻燃效果优异，使用时易于涂覆，并且固化后的拉伸剪切强度较高的发泡胶。
本发明将三聚氰胺甲醛树脂与正十八烷通过复配添加到发泡体系中，可提高发泡体系的粘度以及压缩回弹性，协同褐煤粉末的添加，提高了发泡体系的热稳定性能，同时降低了原料成本；本发明制成的发泡胶可现场发泡用于开关柜等机柜的密封，无接缝，弹性体内部气泡结构均匀，压缩回弹性能好，密封效果好。
具体实施方式
一种压缩回弹性好的用于密封的聚氨酯发泡胶，由下列重量份（公斤）的原料制成：二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯150、三羟基聚氧化丙烯醚100、蓖麻油100、丙三醇5、磷酸二乙酯40、1mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液适量、硅藻土13、蒸馏水5、三乙醇胺2、二月桂酸二丁基锡3、脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯3、硅油3、褐煤3、三聚氰胺甲醛树脂3、正十八烷2、明胶1、去离子水适量。
所述一种压缩回弹性好的用于密封的聚氨酯发泡胶，由以下具体步骤制成：
（1）将三羟基聚氧化丙烯醚、蓖麻油和丙三醇倒入反应釜中，恒温水浴加热至85℃，以150转/分的速度搅拌反应60分钟，然后降温至40℃，缓慢滴加磷酸二乙酯，在30分钟内加完，滴加完毕，升温至70℃，反应2小时，待反应完毕用1mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液中和至pH为7，在55℃减压脱水；
（2）将褐煤烘干，粉碎，过200目筛形成煤粉待用；将明胶中加入3倍量的去离子水，边搅拌边加热至溶解，然后加入三聚氰胺甲醛树脂、正十八烷，搅拌30分钟后，加入上述褐煤粉，放入混料机中混合3分钟，出料后送入烘箱中以120℃的温度热处理30分钟后出料，过100目筛，得到混合物料；
（3）将硅藻土烘干粉碎，过300目筛，然后与步骤（1）得到的反应产物、步骤（2）得到的混合物料混合，依次加入三乙醇胺、二月桂酸二丁基锡、蒸馏水以及除二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯之外的其余剩余成分，以800转/分的速度搅拌2分钟，得到混合料A；
（4）在发泡胶使用现场将混合料A加热至恒温30℃，然后加入二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯，快速混合，用电动搅拌器以300转/分的速度进行搅拌15秒后，将混合料涂到工件表面，加热至25℃，使其自行发泡，然后表面干燥，实现现场发泡成型，得到发泡胶。
本发明将混合料A与二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯通过合适的配比通过混合搅拌，再涂到开关柜或机柜的沟槽中，经化学反应发泡、表面结皮，实现现场发泡成型；通过测试，得到表干时间22分钟，完全固化时间小于12小时；进行专项的压缩试验，测试回弹损失率符合产品要求。

Claims (2)

1.一种压缩回弹性好的用于密封的聚氨酯发泡胶，其特征在于，由下列重量份的原料制成：二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯150-160、三羟基聚氧化丙烯醚100-105、蓖麻油100-110、丙三醇5-6、磷酸二乙酯40-43、1mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液适量、硅藻土13-15、蒸馏水5-6、三乙醇胺2-3、二月桂酸二丁基锡3-4、脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯3-4、硅油3-4、褐煤3-4、三聚氰胺甲醛树脂3-4、正十八烷2-3、明胶1-1.5、去离子水适量。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种压缩回弹性好的用于密封的聚氨酯发泡胶，其特征在于，由以下具体步骤制成：
（1）将三羟基聚氧化丙烯醚、蓖麻油和丙三醇倒入反应釜中，恒温水浴加热至85-90℃，以150-200转/分的速度搅拌反应60-90分钟，然后降温至40-50℃，缓慢滴加磷酸二乙酯，在30分钟内加完，滴加完毕，升温至70-75℃，反应2-3小时，待反应完毕用1mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液中和至pH为7，在55-60℃减压脱水；
（2）将褐煤烘干，粉碎，过200目筛形成煤粉待用；将明胶中加入3-5倍量的去离子水，边搅拌边加热至溶解，然后加入三聚氰胺甲醛树脂、正十八烷，搅拌30-40分钟后，加入上述褐煤粉，放入混料机中混合3-5分钟，出料后送入烘箱中以120-130℃的温度热处理30-40分钟后出料，过100目筛，得到混合物料；
（3）将硅藻土烘干粉碎，过300目筛，然后与步骤（1）得到的反应产物、步骤（2）得到的混合物料混合，依次加入三乙醇胺、二月桂酸二丁基锡、蒸馏水以及除二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯之外的其余剩余成分，以800-1000转/分的速度搅拌2-3分钟，得到混合料A；
（4）在发泡胶使用现场将混合料A加热至恒温30℃，然后加入二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯，快速混合，用电动搅拌器以300-400转/分的速度进行搅拌15-20秒后，将混合料涂到工件表面，加热至25-30℃，使其自行发泡，然后表面干燥，实现现场发泡成型，得到发泡胶。
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