CN106243813B - 一种纳米颗粒抗菌材料加工的方法 - Google Patents

一种纳米颗粒抗菌材料加工的方法 Download PDF

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CN106243813B
CN106243813B CN201610617405.9A CN201610617405A CN106243813B CN 106243813 B CN106243813 B CN 106243813B CN 201610617405 A CN201610617405 A CN 201610617405A CN 106243813 B CN106243813 B CN 106243813B
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宋凤麒
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Abstract

一种纳米颗粒抗菌材料加工的方法，抗菌纳米颗粒材料的处理方法，选择蒸气压低于10‑3Pa的液体，将所述液体旋涂在待加工基底上；将洁净的纳米颗粒束流沉积在基底上，纳米颗粒束流沉积采用团簇束流加工工艺，产生含Ag、Cu原子的纳米超细颗粒作为团簇束流；旋转基底，使纳米颗粒沉积均匀；但沉积覆盖率不得超过50％，以保证颗粒充分孤立；基底抽出，将沉积纳米颗粒的液体收集并且混入待做涂料的树脂中；最终加工成形。

Description

一种纳米颗粒抗菌材料加工的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种纳米颗粒材料的处理方法，尤其是抗菌纳米颗粒材料的处理方法。
背景技术
在我国，自从上个世纪九十年代以来特别是本世纪以来，抗菌处理和抗菌材料逐渐成为国民生活关注的热点，包含医药、家电、卫浴甚至钢材都在进行升级的抗菌改造以适应国民卫生的需要。目前，市面上常见的抗菌方法主要分为有机抗菌和无机抗菌两个大类，还有部分天然的抗菌剂。无机抗菌剂(如氯仿、含Ag、Cu等的金属颗粒、碘等)可实现一般性的广谱抗菌，有机抗菌剂(如部分抗菌药物)则可以针对性地对若干菌种实现较高的抗菌活性，天然抗菌剂也因其安全性高受到人们的亲睐。
医用植入体或者器械等，必须采取抗菌措施。最常用的抗菌剂是Ag离子无机物，比如采用AgNO3等，在医疗实际中，利用AgNO3配制成溶液可以喷洒在患处可以起到消毒抗菌的作用。也有Ag纳米颗粒配置化学溶液，利用医疗用纱布等敷料浸入并覆盖在患处进行局部消毒处理消毒杀菌的方案。在一些植入手术中，医生往往将抗菌药物(如抗菌优等)直接涂在植入体上进行杀菌。然而这些抗菌方法的使用时间都不长，比如，手术中的抗菌药物在几天(甚至只有一两天左右)之内就会消失，从而导致抗菌效果不长效。而长效性在某些场合显得非常重要，比如医用口腔牙齿矫正器(俗称牙套)长期在口腔中使用，一些用于手术或体液导出的导管和针头(留置针、针管等)等长期与人体接触，均容易滋生细菌，这些场合中易流失的抗菌剂就不适用，而需要一些长效稳定的抗菌处理方法。另外，家用电器，比如冰箱，也许大量的抗菌材料。
本发明人参与发明的团簇束流技术可以产生几个乃至十数个原子的超细原子簇，也可以产生Ag的原子簇[1]。这些Ag原子簇表面积大，而且相对于化学方法制备的Ag纳米颗粒来说，尺寸更小，表面洁净，所以国内有单位开始探讨利用这一技术进行抗菌涂层的制造。该工艺用于金属表面完全没有问题，但是实际生产生活中经常需要混合涂料，比如我们希望生产一种抗菌塑料(可用于冰箱)，Ag颗粒需要进入塑料内部。塑料蒸气压太高，不可能在高真空工艺中兼容，所以如何处理这一问题成为限制工艺进展的关键。
参考文献：
1.王广厚，《团簇物理学》
2.一种气相Ag纳米颗粒处理的植入体医用材料的方法，中国发明专利申请，CN201410073837.9
发明内容：
本发明目的是，提出一种纳米颗粒材料的处理方法，尤其是抗菌纳米颗粒材料的处理方法。提出一种基于低蒸气压液体媒介的加工工艺方法，用于团簇束流中，以实现上述目的。
本发明的技术方案是，抗菌纳米颗粒材料的处理方法，是一种纳米颗粒抗菌涂层加工的关键工艺，其特征在于选择蒸气压低于10-3Pa的液体，将所述液体旋涂在待加工基底上；将洁净的纳米颗粒束流沉积在基底上，纳米颗粒束流沉积采用团簇束流加工工艺，产生含Ag、Cu原子的纳米超细颗粒作为团簇束流；旋转基底，使纳米颗粒沉积均匀；但沉积覆盖率不得超过50％，以保证颗粒充分孤立；基底抽出，将沉积纳米颗粒的液体收集并且混入待做涂料的树脂中；最终加工成形。
该液体也可以是一些其他在低温下蒸气压下的液体。
将沉积纳米颗粒的液体收集并且混入待做涂料的树脂进行固化；
本发明采用一种低蒸气压的液体作为媒介，将真空中高活性的团簇颗粒带出真空进入后续加工环节。该液体蒸气压低于10-3Pa，可以是室温条件下蒸气压低于10-3Pa数值，也可以是降温后液体蒸气压低于10-3Pa。离子液体[emim][meso3]是一种典型范例。
必须控制沉积的纳米颗粒量避免颗粒融合长大。因此控制沉积覆盖率(面积)。
将沉积纳米颗粒的液体收集混入待做涂料的树脂进行固化时加入固化剂，须半小时之内完成。
在加入固化剂之前的加工时间必须控制在液体内颗粒融合时间内，一般为半小时。
有益效果：本发明的抗菌Ag材料能够均匀混入高分子材料制备。该工艺用于成型或再加工成体分布的抗菌材料，不但材料表面，而且制备成一种抗菌体材料，Ag颗粒需要进入塑料内部。克服了塑料等高分子加入的困难，纳米Ag材料加量极少，按重量计可以是百万分之一左右甚至更低。
具体实施方式
本发明基本步骤：1)选择蒸气压低于10-3Pa的液体，将其旋涂在待加工基底上；保证厚度低于1微米；2)将洁净的纳米颗粒束流沉积在基底液体上，旋转基底，使其沉积均匀；可以反复两步提高液体中的纳米颗粒含量；但沉积覆盖率不得超过50％，以保证颗粒充分孤立；将基底抽出，将沉积纳米颗粒束流的液体收集并且混入待做涂料等产品的树脂或其他液体基材中；然后固化；可以生产一种洁净纳米颗粒与树脂等混合的材料，采用Ag或与Cu颗粒混合即可有抗菌功能。该材料中单个纳米颗粒的尺寸可以达到几个原子。
该液体为典型的离子液体[meso3]，该液体也可以是一些其他在低温下蒸气压下降的液体。
更具体的实施例为：
1)将[emim][meso3]等液体旋涂在硅片上，硅片为加工基底，保证液体厚度低于1微米，并将加工基底固定于加工台上；
2)开启团簇束流源，安装Ag靶材，真空条件通入Ar气至100Pa，并产生Ag团簇离子束；
3)采用四极杆的方法选择含13个原子的Ag颗粒，并加速到底基底；
4)此时束流为20pA，沉积10分钟，并将基底从真空中取出；
5)将所得基片10片，置于烧杯中加入10ml酒精，超声清洗获得含颗粒的酒精；
6)加入常用的环氧树脂10ml，搅拌混合放入模具，蒸发酒精后混入固化剂，静置24小时，可以获得抗菌固体材料，具有均匀抗菌纳米Ag颗粒的材料。

Claims (2)

1.抗菌纳米颗粒材料的处理方法，其特征在于，选择蒸气压低于10-3Pa的液体，将所述液体旋涂在待加工基底上；将洁净的纳米颗粒束流沉积在基底上，纳米颗粒束流沉积采用团簇束流加工工艺，产生含Ag或Cu原子的纳米超细颗粒作为团簇束流；旋转基底，使纳米颗粒沉积均匀；沉积覆盖率不超过50%，以保证颗粒充分孤立；基底抽出，将沉积纳米颗粒的液体收集并且混入待做涂料的树脂中；加工成形；
所述液体是在低温下低蒸气压下的液体；
将沉积纳米颗粒的液体收集并且混入待做涂料的树脂进行固化；进行固化时加入固化剂，须半小时之内完成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的抗菌纳米颗粒材料的处理方法，其特征在于，液体是离子液体[M eSO3 ]。
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