CN106224007A - Safety for tunnel engineering monitoring and warning management system - Google Patents
Safety for tunnel engineering monitoring and warning management system Download PDFInfo
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F11/00—Rescue devices or other safety devices, e.g. safety chambers or escape ways
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices
- E21F17/185—Rock-pressure control devices with or without alarm devices; Alarm devices in case of roof subsidence
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种隧道施工安全监测预警管理系统，涉及隧道施工管理技术领域，包括隧道不良地质监测装置、围岩变形监测装置、隧道环境监测装置、人员管理系统和控制中心，全面地对隧道施工安全的各方面进行实时监测，分别对隧道掌子面的地质情况进行分析监测、对围岩内壁的变形、岩体沉降、压力等进行监测、隧道洞内的有毒有害气体的浓度、隧道洞内的温度、地下水情况、粉尘、风速、风压、噪声和爆破震动方面进行监测和对洞内的人员定位管理，一旦监测到有施工安全危险便作出预警，减少安全事故的发生，消除安全隐患，避免人员伤亡。
The invention discloses a tunnel construction safety monitoring and early warning management system, which relates to the technical field of tunnel construction management, including a tunnel bad geological monitoring device, a surrounding rock deformation monitoring device, a tunnel environment monitoring device, a personnel management system and a control center, and comprehensively monitors the tunnel Real-time monitoring of all aspects of construction safety, analysis and monitoring of the geological conditions of the tunnel face, monitoring of the deformation of the inner wall of the surrounding rock, rock mass settlement, pressure, etc., the concentration of toxic and harmful gases in the tunnel hole, the tunnel hole Monitor the temperature, groundwater conditions, dust, wind speed, wind pressure, noise and blasting vibration in the cave and manage the personnel positioning in the cave. Once a construction safety hazard is detected, an early warning will be given to reduce the occurrence of safety accidents and eliminate potential safety hazards. , to avoid casualties.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及隧道施工管理技术领域，特别涉及一种隧道施工安全监测预警管理系统。The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction management, in particular to a tunnel construction safety monitoring and early warning management system.
背景技术Background technique
目前，生产安全是施工环节中的重中之重，生产安全的核心是人员的安全。隧道施工安全迫切需要利用现代的先进技术实现隧道施工安全的预警。同时，相应地需要对施工设备和人员跟踪定位，全天候对隧道施工人员进行实时、以及远程可视化自动跟踪和管理。因此，对隧道施工安全预警和可视化远程管理的研究具有重要的理论意义和实际应用价值。At present, production safety is the top priority in the construction process, and the core of production safety is the safety of personnel. The safety of tunnel construction urgently requires the use of modern advanced technology to realize the early warning of tunnel construction safety. At the same time, it is necessary to track and locate construction equipment and personnel accordingly, and conduct real-time and remote visual automatic tracking and management of tunnel construction personnel around the clock. Therefore, the research on tunnel construction safety early warning and visual remote management has important theoretical significance and practical application value.
发明内容Contents of the invention
有鉴于此，本发明要解决的技术问题在于提供一种隧道施工安全监测预警管理系统，对隧道洞内的不良地质、围岩变形、隧道洞内环境和人员进行实时监测和预警，减少事故发生率，消除安全隐患。In view of this, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a tunnel construction safety monitoring and early warning management system, which can perform real-time monitoring and early warning of adverse geology, surrounding rock deformation, tunnel environment and personnel in the tunnel, and reduce accidents efficiency and eliminate potential safety hazards.
本发明通过以下技术手段解决上述技术问题：The present invention solves the above technical problems by the following technical means:
本发明提供了一种隧道施工安全监测预警管理系统，包括隧道不良地质监测装置、围岩变形监测装置、隧道环境监测装置、人员管理系统和控制中心，所述隧道不良地质监测装置用于实时监测隧道掌子面地质信息；所述围岩变形监测装置用于实时监测围岩结构的形变情况；所述隧道环境监测装置用于监控隧道内、外部环境；所述人员管理系统用于管理施工人员在隧道洞内的情况；所述控制中心用于接收隧道不良地质监测装置、围岩变形监测装置、隧道环境监测装置和人员管理系统传送的信息，并根据该信息进行分析处理，实现对隧道不良地质、围岩形变、隧道环境和人员的实时监测和预警。The invention provides a tunnel construction safety monitoring and early warning management system, which includes a tunnel bad geological monitoring device, a surrounding rock deformation monitoring device, a tunnel environment monitoring device, a personnel management system and a control center, and the tunnel bad geological monitoring device is used for real-time monitoring The geological information of the face of the tunnel; the surrounding rock deformation monitoring device is used to monitor the deformation of the surrounding rock structure in real time; the tunnel environment monitoring device is used to monitor the internal and external environment of the tunnel; the personnel management system is used to manage construction personnel The situation in the tunnel; the control center is used to receive the information transmitted by the tunnel bad geological monitoring device, the surrounding rock deformation monitoring device, the tunnel environment monitoring device and the personnel management system, and analyze and process the information according to the information to realize the monitoring of the tunnel bad Real-time monitoring and early warning of geology, surrounding rock deformation, tunnel environment and personnel.
进一步，隧道不良地质监测装置包括图像采集装置，用于采集隧道掌子面地质图像数据；图像处理装置，根据所述采集到的隧道掌子面地质图像数据对掌子面进行岩性分析，得到掌子面岩体的结构面特征和岩体纹理特征；三维地质结构模型重建装置，将所述结构面特征和岩体纹理特征进行三维地质结构模型重建，对掌子面进行地质分析、地质切片后生成地质剖面图；第一通信模块，用于将地质剖面图发送到控制中心。Further, the tunnel adverse geological monitoring device includes an image acquisition device for collecting geological image data of the tunnel face; an image processing device performs lithology analysis on the face of the tunnel according to the collected geological image data of the tunnel face, and obtains Structural surface features and rock mass texture features of the rock mass at the face; a three-dimensional geological structure model reconstruction device, which reconstructs the three-dimensional geological structure model of the structural face features and rock mass texture features, and conducts geological analysis and geological slices on the face Afterwards, the geological profile is generated; the first communication module is used to send the geological profile to the control center.
进一步，图像采集装置包括摄像装置、红外测温仪、激光测距仪和辅助照明装置，所述摄像装置设置在掌子面的正前方，能完整拍摄整个掌子面的图像，所述红外测温仪和激光测距仪分别与摄像装置并排设置，所述辅助照明装置设置在摄像装置的非成像区域。Further, the image acquisition device includes a camera device, an infrared thermometer, a laser range finder and an auxiliary lighting device, the camera device is arranged directly in front of the face of the face, and can completely capture images of the face of the face. The thermometer and the laser range finder are respectively arranged side by side with the camera device, and the auxiliary lighting device is arranged in a non-imaging area of the camera device.
进一步，图像处理装置包括顺次连接的图像比例转换模块、图像预处理模块、边界提取模块、结构面信息提取模块和结构面信息分析模块。Further, the image processing device includes an image scale conversion module, an image preprocessing module, a boundary extraction module, a structure surface information extraction module and a structure surface information analysis module connected in sequence.
进一步，围岩变形监测装置包括顺次连接的传感器组、自动采集控制模块和第二通信模块，所述传感器组用于分别监测围岩内壁的位移变形、压力变化、混凝土应变力变化、温度变化、水压变化等信息；所述自动采集控制模块用于控制传感器组分别采集信号的周期和发送所述信号的频率；所述传感器组通过第二通信模块将采集到信号发送到控制中心。Further, the surrounding rock deformation monitoring device includes a sensor group connected in sequence, an automatic acquisition control module, and a second communication module, and the sensor group is used to monitor the displacement deformation, pressure change, concrete strain force change, and temperature change of the inner wall of the surrounding rock respectively. , water pressure changes and other information; the automatic collection control module is used to control the cycle of the sensor group to collect signals and the frequency of sending the signals; the sensor group sends the collected signals to the control center through the second communication module.
进一步，隧道环境监测装置包括隧道洞内环境监测装置，所述隧道洞内环境监测装置包括用于检测隧道洞内气体浓度的气体检测装置、用于检测隧道洞内环境状况的环境要素检测装置、用于处理数据的处理器、用于发出报警信号的报警装置和用于显示正常或异常情况的第一显示装置、用于处理异常情况的异常控制装置和用于传输数据的第三通信模块，所述气体检测装置、环境要素检测装置、报警装置、第一显示装置、异常控制装置和第三通信模块分别与处理器连接。Further, the tunnel environment monitoring device includes a tunnel environment monitoring device, the tunnel environment monitoring device includes a gas detection device for detecting the gas concentration in the tunnel, an environmental element detection device for detecting the environmental conditions in the tunnel, a processor for processing data, an alarm device for issuing an alarm signal and a first display device for displaying normal or abnormal conditions, an abnormality control device for processing abnormal conditions and a third communication module for transmitting data, The gas detection device, the environmental element detection device, the alarm device, the first display device, the abnormality control device and the third communication module are respectively connected to the processor.
进一步，环境要素检测装置包括温度传感器、水压传感器、流量传感器、粉尘传感器、风速传感器、风压传感器、噪声传感器和加速度传感器，所述温度传感器、水压传感器、流量传感器、粉尘传感器、风速传感器、风压传感器、噪声传感器和加速度传感器分别与处理器连接。Further, the environmental element detection device includes a temperature sensor, a water pressure sensor, a flow sensor, a dust sensor, a wind speed sensor, a wind pressure sensor, a noise sensor and an acceleration sensor, and the temperature sensor, the water pressure sensor, the flow sensor, the dust sensor, the wind speed sensor , a wind pressure sensor, a noise sensor and an acceleration sensor are respectively connected with the processor.
进一步，人员管理系统包括由进入隧道人员携带的人员定位信息卡，所述人员定位信息卡上有RFID定位标签和UWB定位标签；安装在隧道洞内的多个定位基站，根据隧道的实际情况安装，所述定位基站内设有RFID接收模块和UWB接收模块，与所述人员定位信息卡上的RFID定位标签和UWB定位标签进行无线通信获取人员定位信息；服务器，通过有线或无线方式与定位基站连接，接收和处理定位基站传来的人员定位信息；第二显示装置，用于显示施工人员的相关信息。Further, the personnel management system includes a personnel positioning information card carried by personnel entering the tunnel, and there are RFID positioning tags and UWB positioning tags on the personnel positioning information card; multiple positioning base stations installed in the tunnel hole are installed according to the actual situation of the tunnel. , the positioning base station is provided with an RFID receiving module and a UWB receiving module, and performs wireless communication with the RFID positioning label and the UWB positioning label on the personnel positioning information card to obtain personnel positioning information; the server communicates with the positioning base station in a wired or wireless manner Connect, receive and process personnel positioning information from the positioning base station; the second display device is used to display relevant information of construction personnel.
进一步，RFID接收模块分别设置在隧道洞外、二衬施作区、仰拱施作区和开挖作业区，所述UWB接收模块设置在开挖作业区。Further, the RFID receiving modules are respectively arranged outside the tunnel, the second lining construction area, the inverted arch construction area and the excavation operation area, and the UWB reception module is arranged in the excavation operation area.
进一步，人员定位信息卡上还设有GSM通信模块、第三显示装置、按键电路、语音模块、单片机及电池供电电路，所述GSM通信模块、第三显示装置、按键电路、语音模块分别与单片机连接，单片机与电池供电电路连接。Further, the personnel positioning information card is also provided with a GSM communication module, a third display device, a button circuit, a voice module, a single-chip microcomputer and a battery power supply circuit, and the GSM communication module, the third display device, a button circuit, and the voice module are connected with the single-chip computer respectively. Connection, the microcontroller is connected to the battery-powered circuit.
本发明的有益效果：Beneficial effects of the present invention:
本发明的隧道施工安全监测预警管理系统，全面地对隧道施工安全的各方面进行监测，分别对隧道掌子面的地质情况进行分析监测、对围岩内壁的变形、岩体沉降、压力等进行监测、隧道洞内的有毒有害气体的浓度、隧道洞内的温度、地下水情况、粉尘、风速、风压、噪声和爆破震动方面进行监测和对洞内的人员定位管理，一旦监测到有施工安全危险便作出预警，减少安全事故的发生，消除安全隐患，避免人员伤亡。The tunnel construction safety monitoring and early warning management system of the present invention comprehensively monitors all aspects of tunnel construction safety, respectively analyzes and monitors the geological conditions of the tunnel face, and monitors the deformation of the inner wall of the surrounding rock, rock mass settlement, pressure, etc. Monitoring, the concentration of toxic and harmful gases in the tunnel, the temperature in the tunnel, groundwater conditions, dust, wind speed, wind pressure, noise and blasting vibration monitoring and personnel positioning management in the tunnel, once there is a construction safety monitoring Early warning will be given to reduce the occurrence of safety accidents, eliminate potential safety hazards, and avoid casualties.
附图说明Description of drawings
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步描述。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
图1为本发明的原理框图。Fig. 1 is a functional block diagram of the present invention.
图2为本发明的隧道不良地质监测装置的原理框图。Fig. 2 is a functional block diagram of the tunnel bad geological monitoring device of the present invention.
图3为本发明的图像处理装置的原理框图。FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of the image processing device of the present invention.
图4为本发明的围岩变形监测装置的原理框图。Fig. 4 is a functional block diagram of the surrounding rock deformation monitoring device of the present invention.
图5为本发明的隧道洞内环境装置的原理框图。Fig. 5 is a functional block diagram of the environment device in the tunnel according to the present invention.
图6为本发明的人员管理系统的原理框图。Fig. 6 is a functional block diagram of the personnel management system of the present invention.
图7为本发明的人员定位信息卡的原理框图。Fig. 7 is a functional block diagram of the personnel location information card of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
以下将结合附图对本发明进行详细说明，如图1-7所示：The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, as shown in Figure 1-7:
本发明的隧道施工安全监测预警管理系统，包括隧道不良地质监测装置、围岩变形监测装置、隧道环境监测装置、人员管理系统、通信模块和控制中心，所述隧道不良地质监测装置用于实时监测隧道掌子面地质信息；所述围岩变形监测装置用于实时监测围岩结构的形变情况；所述隧道环境监测装置用于监控隧道洞内、外环境；所述人员管理系统用于管理施工人员在隧道洞内的情况；所述控制中心用于接收隧道不良地质监测装置、围岩变形监测装置、隧道环境监测装置和人员管理系统通过通信模块传送的信息，并根据该信息进行分析处理，实现对隧道不良地质、围岩形变、隧道环境和人员的实时监测和预警。隧道施工安全监测预警管理系统全面地对隧道不良地质、围岩变形、隧道环境和人员管理的实时监测和预警，减少隧道事故发生，消除安全隐患，避免人员伤亡，同时可以对隧道洞内的施工人员进行精确定位管理，便于发生事故时对人员的应急指挥和救援。The tunnel construction safety monitoring and early warning management system of the present invention includes a tunnel bad geological monitoring device, a surrounding rock deformation monitoring device, a tunnel environment monitoring device, a personnel management system, a communication module and a control center, and the tunnel bad geological monitoring device is used for real-time monitoring Geological information of the face of the tunnel; the surrounding rock deformation monitoring device is used to monitor the deformation of the surrounding rock structure in real time; the tunnel environment monitoring device is used to monitor the environment inside and outside the tunnel; the personnel management system is used to manage the construction The situation of personnel in the tunnel; the control center is used to receive the information transmitted by the tunnel bad geological monitoring device, the surrounding rock deformation monitoring device, the tunnel environment monitoring device and the personnel management system through the communication module, and analyze and process according to the information, Realize real-time monitoring and early warning of adverse tunnel geology, surrounding rock deformation, tunnel environment and personnel. The tunnel construction safety monitoring and early warning management system provides comprehensive real-time monitoring and early warning of tunnel adverse geology, surrounding rock deformation, tunnel environment and personnel management, reduces tunnel accidents, eliminates potential safety hazards, and avoids casualties. Accurate positioning and management of personnel is convenient for emergency command and rescue of personnel in the event of an accident.
隧道不良地质监测装置是对隧道掌子面地质情况进行监测，包括图像采集装置，采集隧道掌子面地质图像数据；图像处理装置，根据所述采集到的隧道掌子面地质图像数据对掌子面进行岩性分析，得到掌子面结构面特征和岩体纹理特征；三维地质结构模型重建装置，将掌子面结构面特征和岩体纹理特征进行三维地质结构模型重建，对掌子面进行地质分析、地质切片后生成地质剖面图，地质剖面图被传送到控制中心。The tunnel adverse geological monitoring device is used to monitor the geological conditions of the tunnel face, including an image acquisition device, which collects geological image data of the tunnel face; The lithology analysis of the tunnel face is carried out to obtain the characteristics of the structural surface of the tunnel face and the texture characteristics of the rock mass; the 3D geological structure model reconstruction device is used to reconstruct the 3D geological structure model of the structural surface characteristics of the tunnel face and the texture features of the rock mass, and the tunnel face After geological analysis and geological slicing, a geological profile is generated, and the geological profile is transmitted to the control center.
图像采集装置，包括摄像装置、红外测温仪、激光测距仪和辅助照明装置，摄像装置设置在掌子面的正前方，能完整拍摄整个掌子面的图像，红外测温仪和激光测距仪分别与摄像装置并排设置，辅助照明装置设置在摄像装置的非成像区域。为了提高检测精度，摄像装置选用有效像素数越高且成像质量越好的数码相机，采用的数码相机型号为佳能EOS45OD单反相机，其最大相机分辨率为4272x2848，即1220万像素，相机镜头为德国蔡司变焦距镜头，焦距为18-55mm，相机可自动或手动调焦。由于隧道内光线较暗、空气中混杂的粉尘较多，并且相机与被测目标对象间具有一定的距离，所以相机自带的闪光灯无法满足摄取高质量图像的要求，会给图像处理带来难度，也直接影响到摄影测量结果的精度，因此，实际掌子面地质图像采集过程中，利用碘钨灯照亮掌子面，以使掌子面地质图像达到系统处理亮度要求，成像效果更好。摄像装置安装在掌子面的正前方，摄像装置安装在三脚架上，以相机能刚好拍摄完整的掌子面区域为宜。经过掌子面的中心点十字相交线将所述目标对象分成4部分，分别对4部分的目标对象分别拍摄成像，需保证图像间有20％以上的重叠度，在每部分的下部均设置钢尺测量掌子面边墙到中心点的距离，通过所述距离和图像中相对应的两点像素值，计算实物和图像的比例转换系数。把待测掌子面分为4部分，分别对这4部分进行拍摄，然后再将4部分的图像嵌接成完整的掌子面地质图像后进行图像处理，通过掌子面地质图像可以分析不良地质如软弱土体类型、范围、节理间距等参数。将待测掌子面分成4部分进行采集，可以提高采集图像的画面质量，利于后期图像处理，提高图像的准确性。激光测距仪用于确定摄像装置的安装位置，还辅助测量衬砌表面的平整程度、确定节理参数。红外测温仪用于测量掌子面的温度，通过温度确定地下水分布范围，根据实物与图像的比例转换系统可以计算出地下水的实际分布范围。激光测距仪、辅助照明装置与摄像装置并排设置，辅助照明装置不能放置在摄像装置的成像区域，会影响图像数据。采用摄像装置、红外测温仪、激光测距仪三种仪器结合对掌子面的信息进行采集，使掌子面地质记录系统记录的数据更全面、准确，为地质数据采集预测打下良好的基础。The image acquisition device includes a camera device, an infrared thermometer, a laser rangefinder and an auxiliary lighting device. The camera device is set directly in front of the face of the face and can completely capture images of the face of the face. The infrared thermometer and the laser measure The tachymeter is arranged side by side with the camera device respectively, and the auxiliary lighting device is arranged in the non-imaging area of the camera device. In order to improve the detection accuracy, the camera device uses a digital camera with higher effective pixels and better image quality. The digital camera model used is a Canon EOS45OD SLR camera with a maximum camera resolution of 4272x2848, which is 12.2 million pixels. The camera lens is German. Zeiss zoom lens with a focal length of 18-55mm, the camera can automatically or manually adjust the focus. Because the light in the tunnel is dark, there is a lot of dust mixed in the air, and there is a certain distance between the camera and the object to be measured, the built-in flash of the camera cannot meet the requirements for capturing high-quality images, which will bring difficulties to image processing , also directly affects the accuracy of the photogrammetry results. Therefore, in the actual geological image collection process of the face, the face is illuminated with an iodine-tungsten lamp, so that the geological image of the face can meet the brightness requirements of the system processing, and the imaging effect is better. . The camera device is installed directly in front of the palm face, and the camera device is installed on a tripod. It is advisable that the camera can just take pictures of the complete face area. The target object is divided into 4 parts through the cross intersection line at the center point of the face, and the target objects of the 4 parts are respectively photographed and imaged. It is necessary to ensure that there is an overlap of more than 20% between the images. The ruler measures the distance from the side wall of the tunnel face to the center point, and calculates the scale conversion coefficient between the real object and the image through the distance and the corresponding two pixel values in the image. Divide the face to be tested into 4 parts, take pictures of these 4 parts respectively, and then embed the images of the 4 parts into a complete geological image of the face and then perform image processing. Geological parameters such as soft soil type, range, and joint spacing. Dividing the palm surface to be tested into four parts for collection can improve the picture quality of the collected image, facilitate post-processing of the image, and improve the accuracy of the image. The laser range finder is used to determine the installation position of the camera device, and also assists in measuring the smoothness of the lining surface and determining joint parameters. The infrared thermometer is used to measure the temperature of the working surface, and the distribution range of the groundwater can be determined through the temperature, and the actual distribution range of the groundwater can be calculated according to the ratio conversion system between the real object and the image. The laser range finder, the auxiliary lighting device and the camera device are arranged side by side, and the auxiliary lighting device cannot be placed in the imaging area of the camera device, which will affect the image data. The combination of camera device, infrared thermometer and laser range finder is used to collect the information of the face, so that the data recorded by the geological record system of the face is more comprehensive and accurate, laying a good foundation for the prediction of geological data collection .
通过图像采集装置能准确、快速对隧道掌子面的地质图像进行采集，经过图像处理装置对掌子面图像进行岩性分析，得到掌子面结构面特征和岩体纹理特征，通过掌子面结构面特征和岩体纹理特征进行三维地质结构模型重建，对三维地质结构模型进行剖切，通过剖切面观察其内部现象的变化，直观性强。通过三维地质结构模型观察岩体结构面产状、分析岩层走势、预测预报危险区域等，为隧道的安全施工提供及时辅助参考，尽可能通过地质预报的方式避免出现隧道塌陷、地下水泛滥等因素导致的人员伤亡。控制中心根据生成的地质剖面图分析预测出掌子面地质情况，提前作出预警指示，减少事故发生。The geological image of the tunnel face can be accurately and quickly collected through the image acquisition device, and the lithology analysis of the face image is carried out through the image processing device to obtain the structural surface characteristics and rock texture characteristics of the face. Reconstruction of the three-dimensional geological structure model based on structural surface characteristics and rock texture characteristics, cutting the three-dimensional geological structure model, and observing the changes of internal phenomena through the cutting plane, which is intuitive. Through the three-dimensional geological structure model to observe the occurrence of the rock mass structural plane, analyze the trend of the rock formation, predict the dangerous area, etc., provide timely auxiliary reference for the safe construction of the tunnel, and avoid tunnel collapse, groundwater flooding and other factors through geological prediction as much as possible. casualties. The control center analyzes and predicts the geological conditions of the tunnel face based on the generated geological profile, and gives early warning instructions to reduce accidents.
图像处理装置包括顺次连接的图像比例转换模块、图像预处理模块、边界提取模块、结构面信息提取模块和结构面信息分析模块。图像比例转换模块，通过隧道掌子面上两个标示点的实际距离和图像中相对应的两点像素值，计算实物和图像的比例转换系数。The image processing device includes an image scale conversion module, an image preprocessing module, a boundary extraction module, a structure surface information extraction module and a structure surface information analysis module connected in sequence. The image scale conversion module calculates the scale conversion coefficient between the real object and the image through the actual distance between the two marked points on the face of the tunnel and the corresponding pixel values of the two points in the image.
图像预处理模块包括灰度变换、色彩均衡化、亮度/对比度调整、色相/饱和度调整、图像滤波、蒙版的一种或多种组合进行图像处理，以达到提高隧道掌子面地质图像质量的目的，这些图像处理方法均为现有技术常用的图像处理方法。The image preprocessing module includes one or more combinations of grayscale transformation, color equalization, brightness/contrast adjustment, hue/saturation adjustment, image filtering, and masking to improve the geological image quality of the tunnel face These image processing methods are common image processing methods in the prior art.
三维地质结构模型重建装置包括顺次连接的三维模型建立模块、三维地质预测模块、三维地质切片模块和生成地质剖面图模块。三维模型建立模块利用经过处理的掌子面图像得到结构面特征和岩体特征通过OpenGL技术进行三维建模。三维地质预测模块通过三维建模对隧道掌子面地质进行预测，预测未开挖的隧道地质情况，为下一步施工提供数据参考。三维地质切片模块用于将三维空间模型进行剖切，更好地了解隧道地质情况。生成地质剖面图模块用于剖切后生成地质剖面图，直观地了解地质情况。The three-dimensional geological structure model reconstruction device includes a three-dimensional model building module, a three-dimensional geological prediction module, a three-dimensional geological slice module and a geological profile generation module connected in sequence. The 3D model building module utilizes the processed face image to obtain structural surface features and rock mass features for 3D modeling through OpenGL technology. The 3D geological prediction module predicts the geology of the tunnel face through 3D modeling, predicts the geological conditions of the unexcavated tunnel, and provides data reference for the next construction. The 3D geological slice module is used to slice the 3D space model to better understand the geological conditions of the tunnel. The module of generating geological section diagram is used to generate geological section diagram after sectioning, so as to intuitively understand the geological situation.
围岩变形监测装置包括连接的传感器组和自动采集控制模块，传感器组分别监测围岩内壁的位移变形、压力变化、混凝土应变力变化、温度变化、水压变化等信息；自动采集控制模块用于控制传感器组分别采集信号的周期和发送所述信号的频率；传感器组通过通信模块将采集到信号发送到控制中心。传感器组包括用于监测隧道围岩收敛的收敛计；用于监测拱顶下沉、地表下沉的自动全站仪；用于监测围岩体沉降的多点位移传感器；用于监测围岩压力和两层支护之间的压力的压力盒；用于监测锚杆轴力的锚杆测力计；用于监测钢筋应力的钢筋计；用于监测钢拱架应变的应变计；用于监测二衬混凝土应力的混凝土应变计；用于监测爆破震动的加速度传感器；用于监测渗水压力的渗压计；用于监测水流量的流量计；用于监测隧道洞内的温度变化的温度传感器。该装置通过传感器组对围岩内壁的变形、岩体沉降、压力等信息进行采集，再经过通信模块将采集到的信息发送到控制中心，控制中心对围岩的相关信息进行处理，如果发现采集的信息存在不符合相关隧道施工规范、规程要求的数据，控制中心控制发出警示信号，警示施工人员注意安全。The surrounding rock deformation monitoring device includes a connected sensor group and an automatic acquisition control module. The sensor group respectively monitors information such as displacement deformation, pressure change, concrete strain force change, temperature change, and water pressure change of the inner wall of the surrounding rock; the automatic acquisition control module is used for The cycle of collecting signals and the frequency of sending the signals are controlled by the sensor groups; the sensor groups send the collected signals to the control center through the communication module. The sensor group includes an extensometer used to monitor the convergence of the surrounding rock of the tunnel; an automatic total station used to monitor the subsidence of the vault and the surface; a multi-point displacement sensor used to monitor the settlement of the surrounding rock mass; used to monitor the pressure of the surrounding rock and pressure cells between the two layers of support; anchor dynamometers for monitoring the axial force of the anchor; reinforcement gauges for monitoring the stress of the reinforcement; strain gauges for monitoring the strain of the steel arch; Concrete strain gauges for lining concrete stress; acceleration sensors for monitoring blasting vibration; piezometers for monitoring seepage pressure; flow meters for monitoring water flow; temperature sensors for monitoring temperature changes in tunnels. The device collects the deformation of the inner wall of the surrounding rock, the settlement of the rock mass, the pressure and other information through the sensor group, and then sends the collected information to the control center through the communication module, and the control center processes the relevant information of the surrounding rock. If there is any data in the information that does not meet the requirements of the relevant tunnel construction specifications and regulations, the control center will control and send out warning signals to warn the construction personnel to pay attention to safety.
隧道环境监测装置包括隧道洞内环境监测装置和隧道洞外环境监测装置。隧道洞内环境监测装置包括用于检测隧道洞内气体浓度的气体检测装置、用于检测隧道洞内环境状况的环境要素检测装置、用于处理数据的处理器、用于发出报警信号的报警装置和用于显示正常或异常情况的第一显示装置、用于处理异常情况的异常控制装置和用于传输数据的第三通信模块，所述气体检测装置、环境要素检测装置、报警装置、第一显示装置、异常控制装置和第三通信模块分别与处理器连接。气体检测装置检测隧道洞内的有毒有害气体的浓度，环境要素检测装置主要对隧道洞内的温度、地下水情况、粉尘、风速、风压、噪声和爆破震动方面的进行检测，气体检测装置和环境要素检测装置将实时检测到的数据传送到处理器，处理器对数据进行处理，如果发现有数据异常，处理器则控制报警装置工作，并在第一显示装置上显示，且控制异常控制装置工作，做出应急措施，降低异常情况造成危险，处理器把所有检测到的数据存储后通过第三通信模块发送到远程控制中心。隧道洞内环境监测装置不仅实现对有毒有害气体浓度进行监测，还可以监测隧道洞内的其他环境要素，在监测到有数据异常时，处理器及时作出应急措施，减少事故的发生，并发出报警信号，且把实时监测数据发送到远程控制中心，及时通知管理人员。The tunnel environment monitoring device includes the environment monitoring device inside the tunnel and the environment monitoring device outside the tunnel. The environment monitoring device in the tunnel includes a gas detection device for detecting the gas concentration in the tunnel, an environmental element detection device for detecting the environmental conditions in the tunnel, a processor for processing data, and an alarm device for sending out an alarm signal and a first display device for displaying normal or abnormal conditions, an abnormal control device for handling abnormal conditions, and a third communication module for transmitting data, the gas detection device, the environmental element detection device, the alarm device, the first The display device, the abnormality control device and the third communication module are respectively connected with the processor. The gas detection device detects the concentration of toxic and harmful gases in the tunnel. The environmental element detection device mainly detects the temperature in the tunnel, groundwater conditions, dust, wind speed, wind pressure, noise and blasting vibration. The gas detection device and the environment The element detection device transmits the real-time detected data to the processor, and the processor processes the data. If any data abnormality is found, the processor controls the alarm device to work and displays it on the first display device, and controls the abnormality control device to work , take emergency measures to reduce the danger caused by abnormal conditions, and the processor stores all detected data and sends them to the remote control center through the third communication module. The environmental monitoring device in the tunnel not only monitors the concentration of toxic and harmful gases, but also monitors other environmental elements in the tunnel. When abnormal data is detected, the processor will take emergency measures in time to reduce the occurrence of accidents and issue an alarm. signal, and send the real-time monitoring data to the remote control center, and notify the management personnel in time.
环境要素检测装置包括温度传感器、水压传感器、流量传感器、粉尘传感器、风速传感器、风压传感器、噪声传感器和加速度传感器，所述温度传感器、水压传感器、流量传感器、粉尘传感器、风速传感器、风压传感器、噪声传感器和加速度传感器分别与处理器连接。水压传感器和流量传感器设置在地下表面，用于检测地下水的水压和流量。地下水量预警分级：L≤100m3/d，为四级，轻微水灾害；100m3/d＜L≤1000m3/d，为三级，一般水害；1000m3/d＜L≤10000m3/d，为二级，较为严重水害；L＞10000m3/d为一级，严重水害。风速和风压传感器设置在隧道回风巷内，用于检测通风风速和风压，风速传感器是保证安全生产的重要仪器；采用超声波旋涡原理，无转动部件，性能可靠，可长时间连续工作，当风速低于报警点或高于上限报警点时，能发出声光报警，具有测量精度高、范围宽、维护方便等特点。加速度传感器设置在隧道侧壁上，用于检测爆破震动强度，加速度传感器可对微小振动及超强振动进行测量。The environmental element detecting device comprises temperature sensor, water pressure sensor, flow sensor, dust sensor, wind speed sensor, wind pressure sensor, noise sensor and acceleration sensor, and described temperature sensor, water pressure sensor, flow sensor, dust sensor, wind speed sensor, wind The pressure sensor, the noise sensor and the acceleration sensor are respectively connected with the processor. The water pressure sensor and the flow sensor are arranged on the underground surface to detect the water pressure and flow of the ground water. Early warning classification of groundwater volume: L≤100m 3 /d is grade 4, minor water disaster; 100m 3 /d<L≤1000m 3 /d is grade 3, general water hazard; 1000m 3 /d<L≤10000m 3 /d , is the second level, relatively serious water damage; L>10000m 3 /d is the first level, serious water damage. The wind speed and wind pressure sensors are installed in the return air lane of the tunnel to detect the ventilation wind speed and wind pressure. The wind speed sensor is an important instrument to ensure safe production; it adopts the principle of ultrasonic vortex, no rotating parts, reliable performance, and can work continuously for a long time. When the wind speed When it is lower than the alarm point or higher than the upper limit alarm point, it can send out sound and light alarm, which has the characteristics of high measurement accuracy, wide range and convenient maintenance. The acceleration sensor is installed on the side wall of the tunnel to detect the blasting vibration intensity, and the acceleration sensor can measure small vibration and super strong vibration.
人员管理系统包括由进入隧道人员携带的人员定位信息卡，所述人员定位信息卡上有RFID定位标签和UWB定位标签；安装在隧道洞内的多个定位基站，根据隧道的实际情况安装，所述定位基站内设有RFID接收模块和UWB接收模块，与所述人员定位信息卡上的RFID定位标签和UWB定位标签进行无线通信获取人员定位信息；服务器，通过有线或无线方式与定位基站连接，接收和处理定位基站传来的人员定位信息；第二显示装置，用于显示施工人员的相关信息。第二显示装置为LED显示屏，LED显示屏与服务器连接。人员定位信息卡上的RFID定位标签和UWB定位标签上有对应的唯一的编码，与施工人员的信息相对应。UWB标签发出的UWB脉冲信号通过定位基站接收和传输，采用信号到达时间差(TDOA)测量技术，使定位基站通过UWB标签找到携带人员定位信息卡的施工人员的实际位置，定位精度可达10cm。人员定位信息卡可设置在施工人员的安全帽上或者工作服上。将隧道分区，分为隧道洞外区、二衬施作区、仰拱施作区、开挖作业区，施工人员位于隧道洞外的施工风险小，位于二衬施作区风险较小，位于仰拱施作区风险一般，位于开挖作业区的风险较大，定位基站分别设置在隧道洞外区、二衬施作区、仰拱施作区、开挖作业区，在隧道洞外区、二衬施作区、仰拱施作区、开挖作业区设置RFID接收模块。人员定位信息卡中的RFID定位标签每隔几秒向外发送一次数据(无线信号)，这些数据被周围的定位基站接收，定位基站经过数据处理后可确定其周围有哪些人员的定位信息卡。由于人员定位信息卡和人员一一对应，从而可以知道在定位基站附近有哪些人员。同时，服务器可根据基站接收到的人员定位信息卡发送的无线信号的信号强度，判断出携带该人员定位信息卡的人员与定位基站的距离，判断出该人员在隧道中的大概位置，直观得到施工人员在隧道洞内的分布情况，人员信息、进洞、出洞的时间、人员行动路径等，实现对人员的考勤管理，且把施工人员在隧道中的位置通过LED显示屏显示出来。在高风险的开挖作业区的定位基站还设置了UWB接收模块，对高风险区域附近的人员做精确定位，便于发生紧急情况时，准确判断在高风险区域的人员的位置，利于应急管理和救援。The personnel management system includes a personnel positioning information card carried by personnel entering the tunnel, and there are RFID positioning tags and UWB positioning tags on the personnel positioning information card; multiple positioning base stations installed in the tunnel hole are installed according to the actual situation of the tunnel. The positioning base station is provided with an RFID receiving module and a UWB receiving module, and performs wireless communication with the RFID positioning label and the UWB positioning label on the personnel positioning information card to obtain personnel positioning information; the server is connected to the positioning base station by wired or wireless means, Receive and process personnel positioning information from the positioning base station; the second display device is used to display relevant information of construction personnel. The second display device is an LED display, and the LED display is connected to the server. There are corresponding unique codes on the RFID positioning label and UWB positioning label on the personnel positioning information card, corresponding to the information of the construction personnel. The UWB pulse signal sent by the UWB tag is received and transmitted by the positioning base station, and the signal time difference of arrival (TDOA) measurement technology is used to enable the positioning base station to find the actual position of the construction worker carrying the personnel positioning information card through the UWB tag, and the positioning accuracy can reach 10cm. The personnel positioning information card can be set on the safety helmet or work clothes of the construction personnel. The tunnel is divided into areas outside the tunnel, secondary lining construction area, inverted arch construction area, and excavation operation area. The construction risk of construction personnel outside the tunnel is small, and the risk in the secondary lining construction area is relatively small. The risk in the inverted arch construction area is average, and the risk in the excavation operation area is relatively high. , The second lining construction area, the inverted arch construction area, and the excavation operation area are equipped with RFID receiving modules. The RFID positioning tag in the personnel positioning information card sends out data (wireless signal) every few seconds, and these data are received by the surrounding positioning base stations. After data processing, the positioning base station can determine which personnel's positioning information cards are around it. Since the personnel positioning information card is in one-to-one correspondence with the personnel, it is possible to know which personnel are near the positioning base station. At the same time, the server can judge the distance between the person carrying the personnel location information card and the positioning base station according to the signal strength of the wireless signal sent by the personnel location information card received by the base station, and judge the approximate position of the person in the tunnel, which can be intuitively obtained The distribution of construction personnel in the tunnel, personnel information, time of entering and exiting the tunnel, personnel action path, etc., realize attendance management of personnel, and display the position of construction personnel in the tunnel through the LED display. The positioning base station in the high-risk excavation area is also equipped with a UWB receiving module to accurately locate the personnel near the high-risk area, which is convenient for accurately judging the position of the personnel in the high-risk area when an emergency occurs, which is conducive to emergency management and rescue.
人员定位信息卡上还设有GSM通信模块、第三显示装置、按键电路、语音模块、单片机及电池供电电路，所述GSM通信模块、第三显示装置、按键电路、语音模块分别与单片机连接，单片机与电池供电电路连接。GSM通信模块用于施工人员在危急关头向隧道外部的人员发送消息。人员定位信息卡上的第三显示装置采用液晶显示屏，用于显示施工人员所处位置与应急通道的位置路线，语音模块用于播报安全注意事项或遇到危险时逃往应急通道的路径。在人员定位信息卡上设置GSM通信模块、第三显示装置、按键电路、语音模块、单片机及电池供电电路，方便施工人员在隧道洞内发送突发意外时通过短信与外界通信，并接收外部发送的应急逃生路线，有利于突发危险时对施工人员的管理和救援。The personnel positioning information card is also provided with a GSM communication module, a third display device, a key circuit, a voice module, a single-chip microcomputer and a battery power supply circuit, and the GSM communication module, the third display device, a key circuit, and a voice module are connected with the single-chip microcomputer respectively, The single chip microcomputer is connected with the battery power supply circuit. The GSM communication module is used by construction workers to send messages to people outside the tunnel at critical moments. The third display device on the personnel positioning information card adopts a liquid crystal display screen, which is used to display the location of the construction workers and the location and route of the emergency passage, and the voice module is used to broadcast safety precautions or escape to the emergency passage in case of danger. Set GSM communication module, third display device, button circuit, voice module, single-chip microcomputer and battery power supply circuit on the personnel positioning information card, so that construction personnel can communicate with the outside world through SMS and receive external transmissions when sending unexpected accidents in the tunnel. The emergency escape route is conducive to the management and rescue of construction workers in case of sudden danger.
本发明的隧道施工安全监测预警管理系统，全面地对隧道施工安全的各方面进行监测，分别对隧道掌子面的地质情况进行分析监测、对围岩内壁的变形、岩体沉降、压力等进行监测、隧道洞内的有毒有害气体的浓度、隧道洞内的温度、地下水情况、粉尘、风速、风压、噪声和爆破震动方面进行监测和对洞内的人员定位管理，一旦监测到有施工安全危险便作出预警，减少安全事故的发生，消除安全隐患，避免人员伤亡。The tunnel construction safety monitoring and early warning management system of the present invention comprehensively monitors all aspects of tunnel construction safety, respectively analyzes and monitors the geological conditions of the tunnel face, and monitors the deformation of the inner wall of the surrounding rock, rock mass settlement, pressure, etc. Monitoring, the concentration of toxic and harmful gases in the tunnel, the temperature in the tunnel, groundwater conditions, dust, wind speed, wind pressure, noise and blasting vibration monitoring and personnel positioning management in the tunnel, once there is a construction safety monitoring Early warning will be given to reduce the occurrence of safety accidents, eliminate potential safety hazards, and avoid casualties.
最后说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明技术方案的宗旨和范围，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。Finally, it is noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention without limitation. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be carried out Modifications or equivalent replacements without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention shall be covered by the claims of the present invention.
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