CN106213157A - 超级藜麦学生营养包制作工艺 - Google Patents
超级藜麦学生营养包制作工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Abstract
超超级藜麦学生营养包属于高端功能性食品,尤以青藏高原天然无污染优质绿色谷物藜麦、糙米、核桃仁、大豆肽、牛黄酸、L‑茶氨酸、叶黄素等原料制成的高端功能食品;该产品以天然谷物藜麦为主原料,含有丰富的营养物质。具有增强免疫力、抗疲劳、放松精神和心理压力、改善睡眠、提高记忆力、保护视力和改善视疲劳、抗辐射、抗抑郁、美容养颜、减肥、抗氧化、延缓衰老、降血压、降血脂、降血糖、防止心脑血管疾病、防癌抗癌等作用。
Description
一、技术领域:本发明属高端功能食品,尤以青藏高原天然无污染优质绿色谷物藜麦、糙米、核桃仁、大豆肽、牛黄酸、L-茶氨酸、叶黄素等原料,采取现代先进工艺加工而成的功能性固体饮品。
二、背景技术:本发明以藜麦、糙米、核桃仁、大豆肽、牛黄酸、L-茶氨酸、叶黄素等原料制成的功能性食品。该产品以天然谷物藜麦为主要原料,含有丰富的营养物质。具有增强免疫力、抗疲劳、放松精神和心理压力、改善睡眠、提高记忆力、保护视力和改善视疲劳、抗辐射、抗抑郁、美容养颜、减肥、抗氧化、延缓衰老、降血压、降血脂、降血糖、防止心脑血管疾病、防癌抗癌等作用。目前市场还没有同类产品,创新研发本产品可为给学生、白领和上班族提供一种谷物营养功能食品。该产品尤以天然无污染的优质谷物为营养源制成的一种新产品,纯度高、生物活性强、吸收利用好、服用方便、无任何毒副作用、效果明显,特别适应于学生(中考和高考学子)、白领、科研工作者、上班族及普通职场等人群服用。
三、发明内容:随着我国科学技术和经济的快速发展,人们的学习、生活和工作节奏加快,加之城市污染、不健康的生活方式,在职场的精英和企业高管长期处于精神压力和工作压力之中,在面对职业、家庭和社会等各方面压力时,平时生活不规律,连续的加班熬夜、应酬、饮食不科学、作息无规律、缺乏体育锻炼、长期处于超负荷的精神压力和过劳等重要因素下。给他们的心身健康造成极大的疾病隐患,使身心始终处于亚健康状态。有数据显示,在35-50岁的高收入中年白领群体中机体老化速度高于普通职场“生理年龄”,超龄趋势明显加快,平均超过“自然年龄”10年左右。此外,企业高管人群的健康问题也非常突出,有高达56%的企业高管存在过劳,易患高危疾病,如超重或肥胖和俗称的“三高”的高血压、高血脂和高血糖。这与白领人群工作心理压力有关,这些“富贵病”若不及时干预会发展为糖尿病和心脑血管病、肿瘤等疾病。因此,创新研发了该产品。
四、原料配方:藜麦10-60千克、糙米6-13千克、核桃仁5-15千克、大豆肽2-10千克、牛黄酸0.6-1.2千克、L-茶氨酸0.4-0.8千克、叶黄素10-50克为原料。
五、技术方案:
(一)藜麦(Chenopodium quinoa willd),又叫南美藜,奎麦,金谷子等。原产于美洲安第斯山区,是印加土著居民的主要传统食物,由于具有独特丰富全面的营养价值,养育了印加民族,被称为粮食之母,也可代替婴幼儿奶粉食用。近几年来引进我国青海等地区试种成功,在青藏高原海拔2500实以是柴达木盆地大面积种植。藜麦属藜木科双叶子藜麦的成熟种子。性平味甘,具有全面均衡补充营养,有增强机体功能和增强免疫功能,修复体质,提高机体适应能力、调节内分泌、促进儿重生长发育、预防疾病、美容养颜、减肥、通便、延缓衰老、防癌抗癌、降血压、降血脂、降血糖、防治心脑血管疾病、辅助治疗慢性疾病等功效,也是孕产妇的超级营养食品,被联合国粮农组织认为藜麦是唯一单体植物既满足人体基本营养需求的食物,推荐藜麦为最适宜人类完美的营养食品,并列为全球10大健康营养的“超级谷物”,“未来食品”,以促进人类的健康。尤其适应于高血压、高血脂、高血糖、心脑血管疾病,以及婴幼儿、孕产妇、儿童、老年人等特殊体质等人群,长期食用效果显著。
营养成分:藜麦含有丰富的蛋白质(高达26%,且品质与奶粉和牛肉类相当),碳水化合物、脂肪、多种氨基酸、其中含有人体必需的全部9种氨基酸,比例适当且易吸收,还富含不饱和脂肪酸、类黄酮、β-葡聚糖、胆碱、甜菜碱、α一亚麻酸、矿物质钙、镁、磷、钾、铁、锌、硒、锰、铜等,维生素B族、叶酸、维生素E等化合物,膳食纤维含量高达7.1%,不含胆固醇。
生理功能:1、增强免疫功能:研究发现,藜麦具有增强机体防病抗病能力,调节机体免疫功能的作用,其中藜麦中丰富的蛋白质是构成血红球和抗体的主要成分。实验证明,严重缺乏会使人的免疫细胞中的淋巴球大减,造成严重的免疫机能下降,且易感染疾病。另外,藜麦中含有β-葡萄糖对机体免疫系统有极强的作用,具有活化细胞的功能,防止机体被感染和修复被破坏的组织,同时,藜麦中β-葡萄糖还有激活细胞,提高免疫功能的作用。而藜麦中均衡的营养物质也可通过改善体质提高免疫力。
2、消除疲劳:在体育运动中,通常要消耗能量的4-10%是由蛋白质提供的,藜麦中含有丰富的蛋白质等许多能量成分及易消化吸收,能迅速转化利用,可以抑制或缩短剧烈运动引起的“负氧平衡”,减轻肌蛋白的降解,维持体内正常蛋白质合成,达到快速恢复体力和消除肌肉疲劳的效果。
3、降血脂:藜麦晶及其口服冲剂、藜麦粉对高脂血症和高脂血症家兔血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、β-脂蛋白等均有明显的抑制作用,并能明显升高高密度脂蛋白的胆固醇(HDL-C)水平,其降血脂成分为食物纤维不溶蛋白及脂类等。
4、抗动脉粥样硬化:藜麦粉能明显抑制家兔血脂升高及红细胞胆固醇上升;能明显减轻动脉壁和肝脏脂质沉积,对主动脉内膜不斑块病变的形成有良好的抑制作用。
5、降血糖:研究认为,每天摄入适量的藜麦粉可降低患糖尿病的几率。因为藜麦中含有的钙、镁、维生素和β-葡萄糖可以增强人体合理使用胰岛素的功能。据报道,最新研究发现,经常进食藜麦粉食品,其中含有的脂肪酸可降低患糖尿病的风险,动物实验发现,动物体内存在的脂肪酸可帮助降低胰岛素抵抗性,他们对人体通过对藜麦制品摄入脂肪酸进行调查,研究了3700多名65岁以上老人跟踪调查,结果显示,与进食藜麦制最少的人相比,进食藜麦制品多的人患糖尿病的几率要低63%,同样也可以起到降低胰岛素抵抗作用,从而有效预防糖尿病。
6、减肥:多项研究表明,在摄入热量不变的前提下,饮食中增加藜麦制品的摄入量有助减肥。因为藜麦制品中含有丰富的胆碱和其他一些特殊的活性成分,能帮人体燃烧脂肪,减少脂肪堆积和控制体着有着重要的作用。藜麦制品有助于控制体重的另一因素可能与它含有丰富的蛋白质和膳食纤维能增加人的饱腹感对食欲控制有关,因为蛋白质和膳食纤维能产生较强的饱腹感,延缓胃排空,从而减少其他食物的摄入量来控制食欲,达到减肥的作用。
7、养颜美容:藜麦中含有丰富的蛋白、脂肪类黄酮,多种维生素和多种矿物质等活性成分容易被皮肤吸收,能促进新细胞生长,防止皮肤干燥和老化,使皮肤有光泽湿润,细腻,长期食用还可增加皮肤的活力和弹性,使皮肤变得清爽、润滑、洁白。研究证实,富含蛋白质食物具有补五脏、补虚损、强筋骨、滋润皮肤之功效。维生素和矿物质能使皮肤代谢胜利进行,减少雀斑,黄褐斑和老年斑的产生;脂肪酸具有保水润肤的作用;故均衡的营养能滋养肌肤,抗皱,延缓衰老,防止皮肤老化。
8、防癌抗癌:藜麦中含有多种活性物质,能有效破坏人体内的致癌危险自由基,并能迅速和细胞膜结合,使细胞处于防御致癌物质入浸的状态,因此具有防癌的作用。进一步研究发现,藜麦中的多种营养成份,能使机体内的细胞因子IL-2的含量增加,增强了T细胞和B细胞的功能,提高了NK细胞杀伤活性,使免疫器官的重量和对机体非特异性免疫功能增加的作用,从而达到有效抗癌的作用。
9、调节内分泌:研究表明,藜麦具有调节内分泌的作用。藜麦提取物能促进肾上腺皮质功能和增加肾上腺的重量,使血液中甲状腺素含量增加,因此,藜麦能调节内分泌。
此外,藜麦还具有延缓衰老、防治心脑血管疾病、护眼明目、通便、辅助治疗慢性疾病等作用。
(二)糙米(Brown rice),又称颖果。糙米为禾科一年生草本植物稻谷,在机械加工精米过程中剥下的皮层,胚和胚乳组成的部分,被称为米糠层。糙米性平、味甘,具有补脾健胃、益精强壮、补中益气、调合五脏、镇静神经、止泻,谷芽还有健肺清食和中的功效。主治食物停滞、食欲减退及消化不良.适用于健脾胃、消肿利尿、体虚多汗、盗汗、浮肿、泄泻、肺结核及各种维生素B族缺乏症。近年来研究表明,糙米具有降血压、降血糖、降低胆固醇、减肥、护肝、通便、改善贫血、净化血液、防治白内障、改善骨关节、美容养颜、防癌抗癌等功效。
营养成分:糙米含蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、亚油酸、磷脂、谷胱甘肽、氨基丁酸、谷维素、抗氧化酶、酵素、肌醇、植物甾醇、二十四醇、二十六醇、二十八醇、镁、钾、钙、锌、铁、锰、硒、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6、维生素H、维生素E、维生素C及烟酸、泛酸等。
营养功能:1、提供能量:糙米是提供热量的重要来源,含有较多的脂肪和碳水化合物,在短时间内可以为人体提供大量的热量。
2、增强免疫力:糙米具有增强机体防病抗病的能力,可调节机体免疫功能,糙米中的优质蛋白质是构成白血球和抗体的重要成分。实验证明,严重缺乏会使人的免疫细胞中的淋巴球大减,造成免疫机能下降,易感染疾病,此外,糙米中维生素等多种有益成分也有一定的作用,而糙米中均衡的营养物质也可通过改善体质而提高免疫力。
3、健脑:糙米能有效改善大脑血流量,促进大脑的代谢功能,增加氧的供给,对记已障碍,儿童智力发育迟缓和精神幼稚症等,均有很好的缓解作用。
4、改善睡眠:研究显示,糙米中含有谷维素化合物,能调节植物神经功能,缓解脑疲劳、镇静助眠的作用。
5、助消化:糙米含有的β-淀粉酶能将糖淀粉完全水解为麦芽糖,β-淀粉酶则使之分解成短直链缩合葡萄糖,从而起到助消化的作用。
6、通便:糙米含有丰富的膳食纤维,可增加肠道的有益菌繁殖,加速肠道的蠕动,软化粪便,能有效防治便秘。
7、降血糖:糙米对糖尿病患者特别有益,因为其中的碳水化合物被纤维组织所包裹,在人体消化速度较慢,因而能很好的控制血糖;同时,糙米中的锌、铬、锰、钡等微量元素有助于提高胰岛素的敏感性,对糖耐量受损的人有很好的作用。
8、减肥:糙米对肥胖和胃肠道功能障碍的患者有很好的疗效,能有效调节体内新陈代谢、内分泌异常等作用。另外,糙米还含有丰富的优质蛋白和膳食纤维,能增加人的饱腹感来控制饮食量,因而能起到良好的减肥效果。
9、缓解大脑疲劳:糙米中含有丰富的各种维生素、氨基丁酸等有益大脑的营养成分,对消除大脑疲劳有重要的作用。因为脑力劳动者要消耗大量的血糖,产生乳酸、乙酮等酸性物质,这些有害酸性物质会使大脑产生疲劳感、烦躁、易怒、思路中断,并出现记忆减退。而糙米含有丰富的B族维生素等营养物质,因此,糙米具有缓解大脑疲劳的作用。
10、降血脂和胆固醇:糙米给动物喂食能明显抑制高脂饲料所致的动脉硬化;可显著降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇,升高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇,另外,糙米还能降低血清胆固醇水平和甘油三酯水平,同时,也能抑制饮食诱导肝组织胆固醇、甘油三酯、过氧化脂质含量增加;具有良好的降低血脂和胆固醇的作用。此外,糙米还含有丰富的水溶性膳食纤维,进入肠道后会吸收大量的水分,并形成胶状物质,能阻止肠壁细胞吸收脂质,起到降血脂的作用。
另外,糙米还具有改善贫血、降血压、降低胆固醇、降血糖、预防心血管疾病、抗氧化、护肝、抗疲劳、抗辐射、美容养颜、延缓衰老、防癌抗癌等功效。
(三)核桃仁(Walnut Powder),核桃为胡桃科植物核桃成熟果实核仁。性温、味甘。具有滋补肝肾、益气养血、温肺、健胃、养神安神、润肤、润肠通便等功交。现代研究认为,核桃仁具有增强免疫力、抗氧化、抗疲劳、耐缺氧、促进儿童生长发育、健脑益智、保护视力、改善记忆力、祛除黄褐班和痤疮、改善皮肤水分、丰乳、降血脂、延缓衰老、通便、抑制肿瘤等作用。
化学成分:核桃仁含优质蛋白质、亚油酸甘油酯、磷脂、亚麻酸、油酸甘油酯、胡萝卜素、多种维生素及矿物质等成分。
药理作用:1、增强性功能:中医认为,核桃仁是“补”肾壮阳”之器,适用于性机能减退、阳痿遗精、神经衰弱等症。为滋补肝肾、强筋健胃之要药,用于增强性功能。实验表明,核桃仁提取物能促进动物性成熟作用,还可对抗长期紧张、焦虑、压力等因素,引起的小鼠性行为减少等症状,因此具有增强性功能。
2、提高免疫功能:核桃仁对阳虚及正常小鼠的体液免疫有明显的促进作用,其机理是通过脾淋巴细胞数目的增加和脾脏重量增加来实现的。核桃仁还可使阳虚小鼠降低的中性粒细胞升高,从而增机体防御能力。
3、降血脂:给小鼠喂饲以高脂饲料,诱导小鼠产生高血脂症和脂肪肝,而后把小鼠随机分为两组。一组饲喂添加核桃仁饲料,另一组饲喂普通饲料。4周后从静脉取血测血脂,结果显示,添加核桃仁组小鼠血脂显著降低。另外磷脂的乳化作用和不饱和脂肪酸能促进体内胆固醇降低,因此,具有降血脂作用。
4、保护肝脏:核桃仁磷脂中的不饱和脂肪酸可使体内超氧化物歧化酶活力增强,磷脂中的胆碱还可促进肝脏脂质代谢和肝细胞再生。这可能是核桃仁抗脂过氧化和减轻脂肪肝。因此,核桃仁具有保护肝脏作用。
5、防治糖尿病:研究表明,核桃具有调节胰岛素的功效,有助糖尿病患者控制血糖。据国外报道,美国一项新研究发现,每周吃两次核桃患2型糖尿病的危险降低24%。研究人员在对约13.7万名35-77岁的女性为期10年的2型糖尿病发病情况跟踪调查。在排除了身高、体重及体脂肪分布因素之后,研究人员发现,按每天摄入28克(中等大小的核桃约2-3个),平均每月吃1-3次,可以使2型糖尿病的危险降低24%。研究分析,与其坚果相比,核桃含有大量的多不饱和脂肪酸,它能减轻对胰岛素的抵抗,并降低人们患上2型糖尿病的风险。
6、软化血管:核桃有助于阻止动脉内壁氧化氢的产生,软化动脉血管。研究表明,高脂肪食物会破坏动脉内壁氧化氮的产生,而核桃中含有的营养物质,能减少动脉硬化,还含有的抗氧化成分能有效保护动脉。研究显示,氧化氮可以促进纤维母细胞分泌胶原蛋白,而胶原蛋白可以增加血管弹性。因此,核桃可有效软化血管。
7、防治冠心病:研究发现,吃核桃能降低胆固醇,降低冠心病的综合风险。实验结果显示,食用核桃饮食组与控制饮食的参与者相比,血清总胆固醇水平下降了5.4%,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平下降9.3%。因此,具有保护心肌的作用,可以防治冠心病。另据报道,核桃可阻止血小板聚集,防止血栓形成。临床医学发现,让血胆固醇高的患者坚持每天适量食用核桃,可以降低血清胆固醇和降低密度脂蛋白胆固醇,最大限度的减少血管的粥样硬化以及血管的粘连、堵塞和破裂的发生,有效防治冠心病的发生。
9、美容养颜:历代书中记载核桃对美容养颜作用极为推崇,唐代名医孟先称核桃可“通经脉、润血脉、黑须发、常食皮肤细腻”。宋代《开宝本草》记载,“食之令人肥健润肌、黑须发”。《本草纲目》又云,核桃有“黑发、固精、治燥调血功”,常食骨肉细胞光滑。现代研究,核桃中富含各种特殊的有机营养成分,易被人体消化吸收利用,有助于美容养颜,人体内在进行生化反应时会产生自由基形成“老年斑”,维生素E可清除自由基的氧化损害而具有美容的功效;核桃油脂中的亚油酸是很好的美容剂,人体缺乏亚油酸,皮肤就会显得干燥、肥厚,常食核桃可以提高皮肤的生理活性。另外核桃还有很好的调理气血、润肠通便、防晒美白的作用,能显著减少皮肤色素沉积和消除面部各种色斑的功效。
10、乌发养发:核桃具有补肾、护肝、滋养气血、有乌发的作用。核桃中含有丰富的亚麻酸、维生素E和B族等活性营养成分,是理想的乌发剂。研究表明,头脑聪明的人和脑力劳动者营养消耗比较多,导致白发、掉发、谢顶等症状,而核桃能对头发起到乌发靓发的作用。
11、抗衰老:核桃中富含抗氧化剂不饱和脂肪酸和维生素E等活性成分,可以捕捉人体内生物氧化产生的自由基,使人体细胞免受自由基的氧化损害,发挥抗衰老的功效。另外,核桃还能防止细胞老化、益智健脑、增强记忆力、养颜美容、乌发、润肠通便,所以核桃能延年益寿。
12、防治前列腺癌:据国外报道,美国华盛顿大学研究发现,患有不育症的男性,患恶性前列腺癌的几率是普通男性的2.6倍。研究人员对比了2万多名不育男性和普通男性之后发现,不育男性患上前列腺癌的几率更大。研究人员认为,不育症男性之所以更容易患前列腺癌是因为前列腺癌与精子奇形导致了不育症二者病因有相似之外,比如染色体有缺陷、受损DNA自我修复障碍等。研究显示,在对患前列腺癌的老鼠,喂食2个月核桃后发现,相比不吃核桃的老鼠,这些老鼠体内前列腺肿瘤生长得更慢甚至会缩小,其作用机理是核桃中含有的ω-3脂肪酸等一系列的营养物质,具有防治前列腺癌的功效。
13、健脑益智:核桃仁中含有丰富的亚油酸,α-亚麻酸、卵磷脂,以及多种微量元素,尤其是锌,是大脑组织细胞和脑垂体的主要构成成分,这些营养成分是大脑不可缺少的营养物质。儿童常吃核桃仁对大脑发育起着重要的作用。研究认为,核桃仁中α-亚麻酸对神经系统活动及兴奋和抑制的调节机制,与神经细胞的结构是密不可分的,特别是神经细胞突触末端磷脂中的不饱和脂肪酸成分的构成,如果DHA缺乏神递质的释放将受到影响。α-亚麻酸是DHA的母体,在体内可转化为DHA。因此,α-亚麻酸对脑功能的增强具有十分重要作用。另外,核桃仁中含有的谷氨酸,可在人体内合成为脑组织中最重要的神经递质γ-氨基丁酸,能有效改善大脑血液循环,促进脑的代谢功能,对脑血管障碍引起的偏瘫、记忆障碍、儿童智力发育迟缓和精神幼稚症,具有很好的缓解作用。据国外报道,核桃仁可改善青少年推论式推理能力。
14、促进儿童生长发育:儿童生长发育的物质基础是各种营养物质,如蛋白质、脂肪、糖、能量、不饱和脂肪酸、维生素和矿物质等营养成分,如长期营养不足,会延缓儿童的生长发育。核桃仁含有丰富的优质蛋白质、碳水化合物、维生素和矿物质等儿童生长发育所需的几十种营养物质,对促进儿童生长发育具有重要的作用。另外,核桃仁中含有丰富的锌元素,锌在儿童骨骼发育、代谢中起着重要的作用。锌能促进生长激素分泌的作用,如果锌摄入不足,就会导致生长激素明显减少,从而导致骨骼生长发育不良。因此,核桃仁具有促进儿童生长发育的作用。
15、改善睡眠:核桃含有高生物活性褪黑素,俗称“脑白金”,它在人体内的主要作用部位是脑和神经系统,能缩短睡前觉醒时间和入睡时间,改善睡眠质量,能使睡眠中觉醒次数明显减少,因此,核桃仁具有改善睡眠的作用。
16、防治便秘:核桃仁中含有丰富的核桃油和粗纤维,核桃油能软化大便,润滑肠道,粗纤维能吸水膨胀,刺激肠道蠕动,从而达到防治便秘的作用。
17、保护肝脏:核桃仁中富含的磷脂和不饱和脂肪酸可使体内的超氧化物歧化酶活性增强,磷脂中的胆碱还可促进肝脏脂质代谢和肝细胞再生,这可能使核桃仁抗脂质过氧化和减轻脂肪肝。因此,核桃仁具有保护肝脏的作用。
18、延年益寿:核桃仁富含矿物元素锌、锰、二者都是组成脑垂体、胰腺和性腺的关键成分,并可强化心肌功能。另外,核桃仁中富含几十种优质营养成分,综合效应能增强人体抗病能力,起到延年益寿的作用。
另外,核桃仁还具有抗氧化、抗疲劳、耐缺氧,提高记忆力、祛除黄褐班和痤疮、改善皮肤水分、丰乳、通便、抑制肿瘤等功效。
(四)大豆肽(Soybean Peptide)大豆肽是大豆肽白经酶解技术制成一类氨基酸组成的比蛋白质分子小,却具有营养和调节生理功能的小分子化合物,也是一类涉及生物体内各种功能的生物活性物质。大豆肽除了作为高级营养素,可完整的从消化道直接吸收,因此大豆肽能防治许多疾病,如肥胖、糖尿病、心脑血管病、高血脂、高血压、增强免疯力、抗疲劳、促进生长发育、美容、抗衰老、增强活力、缓解精神压力、亚健康和慢性疲劳综合症等,并对脑动脉硬化、冠状动脉硬化、动脉粥样硬化等均有明显的改善作用。
蛋白质是构成生命最核心的物质,是人类赖以生存的营养素之一。食物中蛋白质不足,将直接导致生长发育及迟缓、身体消瘦矮小、免疫力下降、容易疲劳和生病、创伤恢复迟缓、内分泌失调、皮肤失去光泽并容易老化及贫血等。
生理功能:1、增强免疫力:大豆肽含有免疫球蛋白乳铁蛋白能调节机体免疫力,增强抗病能力。据报道,大豆肽富含支链氨基酸,支链氨基酸经过肌肉代谢来制造谷氨酸,进而合成谷胱甘肽,而谷胱甘肽是机体抗氧化防御机制的重要物质,能够直接提高细胞抵抗自由基、污染、病毒、传染病及紫外线的伤害,帮助抵抗疾病,增强免疫力。
2、减肥瘦身:研究表明,大豆肽具有良好的减肥瘦身功效。不仅能提供机体蛋白质原料和刺激肌肉蛋白合成还能减肥瘦身,因为大豆肽能够促进脂肪燃烧,即能增肌减肥。据报道,研究人员通过626人14项随机对照临床试验对比试验分析,大豆肽对体重、体质指数(BMI)、体脂瘦体重(LBM),祛脂体重(FFM)以及腰围测定的对照试验。试验分为两组,其中一组的饮食未发生变化仅仅将大豆肽作为保健品食用;另一组食用乳清蛋代替其他热量来源,研究结果显示,食用乳清蛋代替其他热量组体重和体脂(下降3.74公斤)显著下降。试验结果表明与糖和其他蛋白质相比,大豆肽具有明显减肥作用;研究人员分析食用大豆肽代替饮食中热量的减肥作用发现,相对服用大豆肽后体重的基准值,研究对像体重平均下降了4.2公斤。另据报道,富含优质蛋白的早餐能够显著控制食欲,也能减少夜间摄入高脂高糖零食,从而保持健康苗条的身材。研究认为,高蛋白食物比富含碳水化合物或脂肪的食物让人产生饱腹感,从而抑制食欲,与那些高碳水化合物和高脂肪的饮食相比,减肥效果更佳。
3、抗疲劳:研究表明,大豆肽可提高运动成绩和迅速恢复体力,具有显著的抗疲劳作用。研究显示大豆肽是氨基酸的主要来源,含有支链氨基酸浓度最高的。人在运动期间,整个肌体的蛋白质含成降低,而蛋白质松动变成游离氨基酸,骨骼肌从血液吸收支链氨基酸,并将其分解成葡萄糖以获得能量。因此支链氨基酸在持久性运动中,大豆肽是其他氨基酸没有的独特性,它能提供能量来源,所以具有显著的抗疲劳作用。
4、降血压:据国外报道,研究发现,水解大豆肽能明显降低血压,其作用机制是大豆肽可能通过改变血管收缩素转换酵素(ACE)的活性,从而降低血压。
5、抗衰老:大豆肽是保持人体细胞活性和结构的基本单位,是人体生命活动的核心。大豆肽还是构成修复细胞、维护细胞活动,供给细胞能量最基本是物质。大豆肽能维护免疫系统,衰老过程始终伴随免疫功能紊乱,提高免疫功能是对衰老最有效的方法之一。
6、清除自由基:自由基是衰老的罪魁祸首,清除自由基亦是对抗衰老最有效的防治之一。大豆肽能增强“自由基的排泄系统”。(呼吸系统、消化系统、泌尿系统和皮肤黏膜系统)增强的抗自由基氧化系统超氧化物歧化酶等一些酶的功能,还可增强维生素C,维生素E、还原性谷胱甘肽,胡萝卜素的功能。
7、降低血脂与胆固醇:大豆肽具有降低血脂和胆固醇的作用。即大豆肽能增加胆固醇的排出量增多,且降低脂防和胆固醇的吸收,使体内胆固醇沉积降低。另据报道,大豆肽能阻止肠道内胆固醇的再吸收,并排出体外,防止血清胆固醇升高的作用,从而降低血脂。另外,大豆肽降低血清胆固醇的还有以下特殊优点:对胆固醇值正常的人没有降低胆固醇的作用,对胆固醇值高的人有降低决胆固醇值的功效,
8、调节血糖:研究表明,大豆肽对于α-葡萄糖苷酶有缓慢抑制的作用,α-葡萄糖苷酶主要分布在小肠微绒毛上,它的作用是迅速分解糖类以供给体内葡萄糖,因此大豆肽或与其他碳水化合物,糖类等物混合使用时,不受胰岛素分泌量的影响,能抑制血糖急剧上升的作用。
9、调节肠道功能:大豆肽能促进肠道内双歧杆菌和乳酸菌的增殖,具有调节肠道功能的作用。
10美容养颜:大豆肽与皮肤有良好的相触性,有利营养物质的渗透。同时可在皮肤表面形成一种保护膜,使皮肤细腻光滑。研究还发现,经常食用大豆肽可促进皮下肌肉人的生长,使肌肤丰满而富有弹性,这对防止皮肤松驰,适缓皮肤衰老有良好的作用。
另外,大豆肽还具有促进生长发育、抗衰老、调节内分泌、美容养颜、增加活力、缓解精神压力、促进伤口愈合及防治贫血等作用。
(五)、牛黄酸(Taurine Tau),又称牛胆酸,是一种含硫氨基酸,但不参与蛋白质的合成。牛黄酸以游离氨基酸的形式广泛分布于哺乳动物的体内各组织器官中,如中枢神经系统、视网膜、肝脏、骨骼肌、血细胞、胸腺和肾上腺等。尤其是脑组织含量最高。有维持渗透压,调节细胞钙稳态和稳定细胞膜等多种生物学效应。现代医学研究表明,牛黄酸具有降血压、增强免疫力、降血脂、降血糖、改善记忆力、促进生长发育、抗疲劳、抗氧化、保肝利胆、延缓衰老、改善贫血、缓解视疲劳、通便、美容、保护皮肤水分等功能。
1、增强免疫力功能:牛黄酸对免疫功能调节起着重要的作用。白细胞通过产生次氯酸来杀死细菌,但若次氯酸过多时反应破坏白细胞自身,牛黄酸则可与次氯酸结合,生成无毒物质,自然就会保护白细胞。近年来又有研究发现,牛黄酸可以提高机体内特异性和非特异性免疫功能,促进淋巴细胞产生的白细胞素-1,增强中性粒细胞吞噬杀菌的活性,对婴幼儿机体免疫细胞功能起着重要的作用,提高抗病能力。
2、降血压:牛黄酸在体内起着维持电解质平衡,能调节钾与钠的比例,驱逐多余钠离子和保持血钙稳定的作用。临床观察表明,牛黄酸补充剂的降血压作用不亚于降压药。
3、护肝利胆:牛黄酸能促进胆汁的合成与分泌,能够中和细胞毒素,对受损肝细胞有促进恢复作用,并可改善肝功能,保护肝细胞膜。因此,具有良好的利胆、保肝和解毒作用。另外,牛黄酸还能够促进急性肝炎恢复正常,对四氯化碳中毒有保护作用,并抵制由此所引起的血清谷丙转氨酶的升高。
4、降血糖和防治并发症:研究显示,牛黄酸具有保护胰岛素细胞的功效,能防治糖尿病肾病和糖尿病性神经病变及糖尿病眼部病变等高血糖所致其他病变。
5、防治心血管疾病:研究发现,牛黄酸可抑制血小板聚集,降低血脂,能保持人体正常血压和防止动脉硬化,并能抑制主动脉平滑肌的增值,改善主动脉血管的重构,对心肌细胞还有保护作用,可抗心律失常,对降低血液中的胆固醇含量有特殊作用,并可治疗心力衰竭。
6、调节渗透压:牛黄酸对大脑或其他组织细胞体积和渗透压具有调节作用。在哺乳动物体内,可参与维持细胞体积,尤其是高血钠、脱水和出现尿毒症的情况下。牛黄酸对维持肾脏正常功能也具有重要生理功能,并有保持心肌的作用。
7、抗疲劳:牛黄酸对用脑过度、工作及运动和疲劳具有消除作用。研究表明,过多的自由基会导致核酸主链和蛋白质交联或多肽链断裂,生物膜通透性增加,细胞内物流逸出、细胞功能紊乱,ATP生成下降,能量供应不足及组织严重损伤等,导致人体工作能力下降并产生疲劳。牛黄酸具有提高机体抗氧化防御功能,对延缓疲劳产生,提高运动能力有重要意义。运动员在补充牛黄酸后,多项功能指标均显著增加,试验证实,牛黄酸能提高机体LDH活力及肌糖原和肝糖原的含量,降低血乳酸含量,因而对机体具有抗疲劳作用。
8、清热退烧:当儿童受到风寒感冒侵害时,牛黄酸可发挥清热退烧的作用,进而增强人体抵抗力。牛黄酸还是含硫氨酸;能促使淋巴细胞的生长和繁殖。它还能清热镇痛,缓解人体自己因抵御病毒而起动自身调节,防御系统产生的症状-发烧。
9、促进大脑发育:牛黄酸是中枢神经含量最多的游离氨基酸之一,在脑发育中扮演着重要的角色。儿童在发育的脑组织的含量又明显,高于成年后。科学研究发现,牛黄酸可促进大脑细胞尤其是海马细胞结构和功能的发育。牛黄酸还能促进大脑海马细胞生长发育,延长细胞的存活时间,缺乏牛黄酸会影响大脑的生长发育、智力发育迟缓。另报道,牛黄酸具有维持人体大脑正常的生理功能,促进婴幼儿大脑发育。由于婴儿体内牛黄酸生物合成速度级低,必须从外界补充,如果摄入不足,则会影响脑及脑神经的正常发育,进而影响婴幼儿智力发育。
10、提高学习记忆力:科学研究牛黄酸可促进大白鼠的学习记忆能力。补充适量的牛黄酸,不仅能提高大鼠的学习记忆速度,而且还可以提高学习记忆正确性。这是因为牛黄酸可通过提高蛋白质的利用率来促进生长智力发育。另有报道,中枢神经系统的一些肽类物质参与信息在脑内的加工过程,它们可以调节记忆储存和提取过程,牛黄酸可通过海马多皮层内β-内啡肽及精氨酸加压素含量的增加而参与学习记忆过程中起重要作用。
11、保护视网膜、抗视疲劳:视网膜色素细胞中含有较多浓度的牛黄酸,但细胞本身不能合成牛黄酸。因此,为维持正常的视觉功能,保护视力,需补充充足的牛黄酸。婴幼儿如果缺乏牛黄酸,会发生视网膜功能紊乱与生长发育迟缓。另外牛黄酸还具有改善视力和缓解视疲劳。
(六)L-茶氨酸(L-Theanine),茶氨酸是存在于茶叶中的一种特殊的氨基酸。茶氨酸是谷氨酸的乙胺诱导体,它在茶树根中由谷氨酸和乙胺合成,通过树杆运送叶中贮藏,在阳光照射下转化为儿茶素。具有增强免疫力、放松精神压力、抗疲芝劳、保护脑神经细胞、改善睡眠、降血压、减肥、抑菌杀菌、治疗抑郁症等作用。
生理功能:1、提高免疫力:据有关报道,国外研究发现,当接触到大量的乙胺时,人体血液免疫细胞“Y·S·T细胞”可以产生抗感染的化学物质,该细胞是抵御许多病菌、病毒、真菌和寄生虫感染的第一道防线。而茶氨酸在人体肝脏内会分解为乙胺,这样会使外用血液Y·S·T细胞接触到乙胺,以促进干扰素的分泌。从而提高人体免疫力。另一方面,茶氨酸可以作为谷氨酸的共体,通过促进谷胱甘肽的形成来提高免疫力。另有报道,L-胱氨酸和L-茶氨酸合用能显著提高肝脏中谷胱苷肽水平,以增强免疫特异性1g G抗体的产生。
2、保护脑神经细胞:茶氨酸对脑组织有保护作用,可避免由脑缺血所致脑神经细胞死亡。谷氨酸是兴奋性神经传递物质,在神经细胞内含量为1-10mm0l/L,当脑缺血时,细胞内因O2供应中断,使细胞内的能源物质三磷酸腺苷(ATP)生成量减少,而逐渐枯竭,神经细胞膜分离谷氨酸过多向细胞释放,并作用受体,使细胞内钙离子浓度持续增高,激发各种分解酶活性,并最后作用于细胞而使之破坏、死亡。而茶氨酸对谷氨酸受体有竞争保护作用,因此茶氨酸对脑组织有保护作用,可避免由脑缺血所致脑神经细胞死亡。
3、放松精神压力:当一个人因学习、工作等原因引起精神紧张和压力,茶氨酸对舒缓放松精神压力有特效。研究表明,动物和人类总是在大脑表面上产生非常弱的脉冲即脑波。脑波与人的精神状态有关。根据频率的脑波可分为α·B.S及θ波,其中α波是人在安静时(松弛状态出现的;θ波是在人打盹时出现的),研究发现,茶氨酸可以促进α波的产生,使人产生舒畅、愉快的感觉,并且茶氨酸不会引起θ波数量增加,由此茶氨酸在使人的情绪放松的同时还有助于注意力集中。据日本研究发现,人体摄取茶氨酸以后,测定大脑波的结果是α波明显增大,而且心情、心境感到轻松愉快、头脑清醒、清晰状态。研究还发现,茶氨酸还具有提高视觉作用和听觉作用注意力效果。
4、镇静:茶氨酸具有镇静的作用。它可以通过抑制大脑皮层兴奋达到抗应激效应,并且茶氨酸可以抵抗咖啡碱产生的兴奋作用。据日本研究报道,茶氨酸其镇静效果通过脑α波的已测定确认结果显示,饮茶氨酸水溶液的试验比饮水的对照组脑α波(表示安静时的脑波)显著增加。茶氨酸还能明显提高不安程度精神状态者的α-脑波,比对照组只饮水人的精神不安者,α脑波会增加1-2倍,使不安者安静。
5、提高学习记忆力:研究通过操作行为、回避、跳台及复杂的迷宫试验,考察茶氨酸对小鼠学习记忆能力的影响。研究发现,服用茶氨酸小鼠的多巴胺浓度高,并且学习能力和记忆能力也都有一定的提高,而且茶氨酸对学习记忆力的增强作用随剂量的增加而增大。目前研究证明,茶氨酸能提高学习和记忆作用与活化脑内中枢神经递质5-羟色胺有关。另据日本研究,用茶氨酸喂大白鼠使其肠道吸收后,由血液输送进入肝脏和脑部。通过对脑线条件的影响能显著增加脑内神经递质多巴胺。多巴胺是去甲肾上腺素的前驱体,对神经细胞兴奋的传达具有重要作用。即茶氨酸对多巴胺性能传递具有重要的功能。
6、抗疲劳:茶氨酸具有抗疲劳作用。有人研究发现,经口服给小鼠不同剂量的茶氨酸30天,能显著延长小鼠负重游泳时间,减少糖肝原的消耗量,降低运动时血清尿素氮水平;对小鼠运动后血乳酸升高有明显的抑制作用,能促进运动后血乳清的消除。因此茶氨酸具有抗疲劳作用。其机理可能使与茶氨酸可抑制5-羟色胺分泌,促进儿茶酚胺分泌,增强脑组织的多巴胺(DA)含量有关。
7、缓解经前综合症:女性在月经前3-10天,90%的妇女会发生程度不同的经前综合症,会出现三种症状:(1)精神症状,包括心慌、易怒、无力、忧郁、不安、精力不集中;(2)身体症状,包括困乏、易疲劳、胸部胀痛、下腹疼痛、头痛、皮肤粗糙、皲裂、手脚发凉、浮肿;(3)社会症状,包括开始厌倦工作,人际关系恶化、讨厌自己作为女性。研究曾对24名21-49岁的妇女按月经不适询问法(MDQ)比较,L-茶氨酸每天100mg与安慰组(由乳酸糖代替)试验结果表明,总体症状由16.1±2.3点(安慰组)降至10.9±1.8点,试验效果明显。具有明显缓解经前综合症的作用。
8、改善睡眠:研究表明茶氨酸具有改善睡眠的作用。有人曾对22名20-26岁健康女性与睡前1小时服用茶氨酸;6天后,与安慰组比较,其疲惫感消失,无睡眠不足感。
9、减肥:研究结果显示,茶氨酸可以减少体内脂肪含量,因浓度为0.04%的深液喂养雌性鼠16周,发现茶氨酸能有效减轻体重。
10、缓解忧郁症:据国外报道,老年人每天服用适量的茶氨酸,就能降低患忧郁症的可能性。研究人员对1058名相对健康的老年人进行调查,其中34%的男性和女性曾表现出忧郁症状。研究人员介绍,即便将社会和经济地位、性别、饮食习惯和病史等因素在内,服用茶氨酸对减缓忧郁症有显著效果。其机理是茶氨酸具有增强脑中波强度,使人产生轻松感,是大脑起到镇静作用,显著缓解忧郁症。
11、抗肿瘤:茶氨酸是谷氨酰胺的衍生物,2者结构相似,而肿瘤细胞的谷氨酰胺代谢比正常细胞活跃。由此,茶氨酸能通过干扰谷氨酰胺的代谢来抑制肿瘤细胞生长。也有人研究发现,肿瘤的体积和重量随着茶氨酸的喂给时间而减少。茶氨酸还有抑制癌细胞浸润的能力,阻止癌细胞扩散。另据报道,注射抗癌药物依达素能降低白细胞和骨髓细胞数,当与茶氨酸配合使用时,可缓解依达素毒性,并促进依达素抗肿瘤作用。
此外,茶氨酸还具有缓解妇女经前综合症、降血压、抗肿瘤等功效。
(七)、叶黄素(Lutein)又名植物黄体素。它是广泛存在于绿色蔬菜中的一种天然类胡萝卜素,是构成玉米、蔬菜、水果、花卉等植物色素的重要成分。共有8种异构体,以全反式为主,约占80%以上,与玉米黄质等同属叶黄素类。类胡萝卜是国际公认的具有抗病生理功能的天然物质。科学研究证明,叶黄素除了对视力有保护作用外,还具有防治近视、白内障、老年退行性黄斑病变,增强免疫力、预防动脉硬化,特别对预防癌症,延缓癌症恶化具有重要的作用。
生理功能:1、抗氧化:叶黄素其主要功能使单线态氧的有效淬灭剂,能清除羟基自由基,是脂质过氧化反应的断裂抗氧化剂,对人体疾病的预防发挥重要的作用。
2、保护视力和改善视疲劳:叶黄素是眼睛视网膜和晶状体的唯一被发现的类胡萝卜素,是构成眼睛视网膜黄斑区域的主要色素。晶状体和视网膜黄斑区中所含的叶黄素能将太阳中蓝色光过滤,掉以防止蓝色光对眼睛的伤害,因为蓝色光进入眼睛会产生大量的自由基,使人出现白内障,或使黄斑区退化变性,所以人体一旦缺乏叶黄素,就会出现老年性视网膜黄斑病变、白内障、老花眼、假性近视、弱视、视疲劳等症状。研究发现,叶黄素能淬灭单线态氧,抑制自由基的生成,对细胞中多不饱和脂肪酸及氧化起预防保护作用。因此具有保护视力和改善视疲劳的作用。
3、防治老年黄斑病变:位于眼球水晶体后方视网膜中心的黄色小斑点-黄斑,含有最高的密度视觉细胞。流行病学调查结果表明,与年龄相关的眼黄斑退行病变,是导致老年视力下降和失明的重要原因。研究表明,叶黄素可防治老年眼球视网膜黄斑退化引起的视力下降和失明。叶黄素是眼睛视网膜和晶状体的唯一被发现的类胡萝卜素,是构成眼睛视网膜黄斑区域的重要色素。晶状体和视网膜黄斑区中所含的叶黄素能将太阳光中的蓝光过滤吸收,以防止蓝光对眼睛的伤害,因为蓝光进入眼睛会产生大量的氧化自由基,使黄斑区退化变性,如果能在食物中及时补充叶黄素,即能防止眼睛退行性黄斑病变的发生。研究发现,叶黄素和玉米黄质能淬灭单线态氧,抑制自由基的生成,对细胞中多不饱和脂肪酸的氧化起预防保护作用,因此,叶黄素具有防治黄斑病变的功效。
4、防治白内障:食物中补充叶黄素可以防止眼睛退行性疾病的发生。通过对500名白内障患者8年跟踪调查发现,摄取一定量的叶黄素对白内障的发生有明显的预防作用。叶黄素的摄取量和血液中的叶黄素含量与白内障的发病率呈负相关。研究结果表明,叶黄素可在眼部晶状体中沉积,对白内障的发展有抑制作用;高摄入量会防治白内障的发展。
5、抗动脉硬化:叶黄素有显著的抗氧化作用,能抑制自由基和脂质过氧化,有抑制动脉硬化的功效,据日本名古屋市立大学研究显示,叶黄素具有抑制动脉硬化的作用,其作用机制抗氧化和通过mRNA的影响,显示出叶黄素抗动脉的作用。
另外,叶黄素还具有增强免疫力、抗辐射、降血脂、美容养颜、祛斑、防癌抗癌等作用。
综上所述,该产品以天然谷物藜麦为主要原料,含有丰富的营养物质。具有增强免疫力、抗疲劳、放松精神和心理压力、改善睡眠、提高记忆力、保护视力和改善视疲劳、抗辐射、抗抑郁、美容养颜、减肥、抗氧化、延缓衰老、降血压、降血脂、降血糖、防止心脑血管疾病、防癌抗癌等作用。
六、制作工艺:
1、原料处理:先将藜麦和糙米清洗、核桃仁去皮。
2、混合浸泡:将处理后的藜麦、糙米、核桃仁混合后加入1∶1-5水浸泡8-12小时。
3、磨浆:将浸泡后的原料加入1∶8-10的水磨成浆液。
4、过滤:将磨好的原料浆液送入过滤机,进行过滤。
5、均质浓缩:将过滤后的原料浆液加热至60℃,在25MPa下进行均质后浓缩至含固体物40-50%。
6、喷雾干燥:将浓缩后的原料浆液送入喷雾干燥塔,塔体温度保持在80℃-85℃,进口温度为80℃-90℃,出口温度为140℃-145℃,进行喷雾干燥,即得藜麦、糙米和核桃仁混合速溶粉。
7、混合搅拌:将藜麦、糙米和核桃仁混合粉与原料配方中剩余的其他原料大豆肽、牛黄酸、L-茶氨酸、叶黄素混合,充分搅拌均匀。
8、检验包装:将混合后的原料,经检验合格,包装为成品。
七、质量标准:
1、理化指标:
2、服用方法:每日2次,每次30-50克。
3、适用人群:特别适应于学生(中考和高考学子)、白领、科研工作者、上班族及普通职场等人群服用。
八、具体实施方式:
实施例:取藜麦10-60千克、糙米6-13千克、核桃仁5-15千克、大豆肽2-10千克、牛黄酸0.6-1.2千克、L-茶氨酸0.4-0.8千克、叶黄素10-50克,经过将藜麦和糙米、核桃仁去皮,混合加入1∶1-5的水浸泡8-12小时后,再加入8-10倍的水磨成浆液,送入过滤机过滤,过滤后的浆液加热至60℃,在25MPa下进行均质后浓缩至含固体物40-50%,送入喷雾干燥塔,塔体温度保持在80℃-85℃,进口温度为80℃-90℃,出口温度为140℃-145℃,进行喷雾干燥,即得藜麦、糙米和核桃仁混合速溶粉。再将剩余的其他原料大豆肽、牛黄酸、L-茶氨酸、叶黄素混合调配,充分搅拌均匀,经检验合格,包装为成品。
Claims (2)
1.超级藜麦学生营养包制作工艺:原料处理、浸泡、磨浆、过滤、均质浓缩、干燥、检验包装。
2.工艺特征为:藜麦10-60千克、糙米6-13千克、核桃仁5-15千克、大豆肽2-10千克、牛黄酸0.6-1.2千克、L-茶氨酸0.4-0.8千克、叶黄素10-50克,经过将藜麦和糙米、核桃仁去皮,混合加入1∶1-5的水浸泡8-12小时后,再加入8-10倍的水磨成浆液,送入过滤机过滤,过滤后的浆液加热至60℃,在25MPa下进行均质后浓缩至含固体物40-50%,送入喷雾干燥塔,塔内温度保持在80℃-85℃,进口温度为80℃-90℃,出口温度为140℃-145℃,进行喷雾干燥,即得藜麦、糙米和核桃仁混合速溶粉,再将剩余的其他原料大豆肽、牛黄酸、L-茶氨酸、叶黄素混合调配,充分搅拌均匀,经检验合格,包装为成品。
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