CN106212156B

CN106212156B - Drought-resisting sand-fixing afforestation method for sand land in south Xinjiang

Info

Publication number: CN106212156B
Application number: CN201610590766.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 梁继业; 李志军; 吕瑞恒; 周正立; 韩占江
Original assignee: Tarim University
Current assignee: Tarim University
Priority date: 2016-07-20
Filing date: 2016-07-20
Publication date: 2020-01-07
Anticipated expiration: 2036-07-20
Also published as: CN106212156A

Abstract

The invention provides a drought-resisting sand-fixing afforestation method for sand in south Xinjiang, which comprises the following steps: 1) preparing the soil for forestation; 2) selecting afforestation time; 3) preparing nursery stocks; 4) pre-treatment of seedling planting; 5) preparing an auxiliary protection device: the tubular protection device is made by adopting a PVC plastic pipe or hardboard and waste paper shells, the pipe diameter specification is 90-110mm, the wall thickness is 2.7-3.2mm, the length is 30-40cm, and small afforestation sand lands are buried by wind erosion sand, and the tubular protection device can be made by adopting a method of bundling reed, wheat straw or waste cotton stalk; 6) planting and protecting the forestation land: the depth of the underground part of the tubular protection device cannot exceed that of the underground part of the sapling or the cutting, the height of the overground part of the sapling or the cutting needs to be 15-20cm higher than the ground, and the height of the overground part of the sapling or the cutting needs to be higher than that of the overground part of the tubular protection device; 7) and (5) managing the seedling stage after afforestation. The invention has the advantages of scientific and reasonable structure, low cost and convenient popularization and application.

Description

Drought-resisting sand-fixing afforestation method for sand land in south Xinjiang

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of desertification control, and particularly relates to a drought-resisting and sand-fixing afforestation method for Xinjiang south Xinjiang sand.

Background

The southern Xinjiang has the largest desert Takrama desert in China, and the oasis land resources which can be developed and utilized by local masses in the area are very limited, so that a key problem in the development and utilization of the oasis land is to solve the construction of a protection forest, and on the basis of the protection forest, the oasis land is developed to perform activities such as agricultural production and the like. Without the protection of the protection forest, the damage caused by weather factors such as sand wind, high temperature and the like is serious.

A key technology for the construction of the protection forest is to ensure the survival rate of the nursery stock in the initial stage of planting, which relates to the success or failure of the protection forest construction and the good or bad growth in the later stage. In a sand area in southern Xinjiang, wind and sand frequently move, the temperature changes day and night greatly, dry hot air is easily formed in the stratum close to the sand surface, the common afforestation technology is usually used for eroding and burying the saplings by wind to cause the saplings to fall down, or the saplings die due to too fast water loss caused by the double effects of insufficient water supply and the dry hot air, and the high temperature of the sand surface scalds the bark at the base parts of the saplings to cause the death, which are the reasons for low afforestation survival rate.

At present, the conventional sand protection forest afforestation technology has high requirements on land conditions and water source conditions, and in some newly developed sand lands, a large amount of water sources are needed for irrigation, and meanwhile, afforestation can be carried out under the condition of land leveling. And for the newly developed sand land at the edge of the desert, the terrain is fluctuant, the sand wind activity is frequent, for the common cutting forestation of short cuttings, the water supply is difficult, and under the condition of water saving, the drip irrigation mode is often adopted for supplying water, so that the requirements of drought resistance and high temperature resistance of the saplings cannot be met, and the survival rate of the saplings is low. The invention adopts the method of long cutting and large seedling cutting to plant, and the auxiliary sapling protection device can greatly improve the drought resistance, wind erosion resistance and high temperature resistance of the nursery stock, and provides a new technology for the construction of sand protection forest.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a drought-resisting sand-fixing afforestation method for Xinjiang south Xinjiang sand, which is green, environment-friendly, scientific, reasonable and convenient to popularize and apply.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a drought-resisting sand-fixing afforestation method for sand in south Xinjiang comprises the following steps:

1) preparing soil for forestation: according to the terrain leveling condition of land development, leveling the forestation land of the protection forest without processing weeds;

2) selection of afforestation time: afforesting the sand protection forest in southern Xinjiang in spring according to the principle that the forest is suitable for early days and not suitable for late days;

3) preparation of nursery stocks: the preparation method of the seedling with the root comprises the following steps: selecting strong seedlings with roots of 50-80cm, removing the upper parts of the seedlings, only leaving trunks, reserving 2-3 buds of partial buds, flattening the cut, and coating paint or wax for protection; the preparation method of the cutting seedling comprises the following steps: cutting 60-90cm trunk, cutting down to form horse hoof, chamfering, cutting up to flat, coating with paint or wax for protection, and removing lateral branches;

4) pretreatment of seedling planting: the seedlings with roots are lifted and trimmed within 1-2 days before planting, and are protected by temporary planting before planting, so that water loss is avoided, the afforestation land is close to the nursery land, and the seedlings can be directly planted after being lifted; cutting seedlings are prepared 1-2 days before planting, cutting ears are bundled together, and the lower cutting part is soaked in clear water for 24 hours or rooting powder solution for 6-8 hours, so as to be beneficial to rooting;

5) preparing an auxiliary protection device: the tubular protection device is made by adopting a PVC plastic pipe or hardboard and waste paper shells, the pipe diameter specification is 90-110mm, the wall thickness is 2.7-3.2mm, the length is 30-40cm, and small afforestation sand lands are buried by wind erosion sand, and the tubular protection device can be made by adopting a method of bundling reed, wheat straw or waste cotton stalk;

6) planting and protecting the forestation land: determining the bandwidth and the plant row spacing according to the wind prevention and sand fixation requirements of the forest belt, planting seedlings with roots, the root burial depth of 30-40cm, the overground part of 20-40cm, cutting seedlings and the underground part of the cutting part of 40-50cm, and treading on sandy soil in the planting process;

the depth of the underground part of the tubular protection device cannot exceed that of the underground part of the tree seedling, the height of the overground part of the tubular protection device needs to be 15-20cm higher than the ground, the height of the overground part of the tree seedling or the cutting slip needs to be higher than that of the overground part of the tubular protection device, the tubular protection device made of PVC plastic pipes is sleeved on the tree seedling and inserted into the soil after planting or cutting is completed, the paper tubular protection device can be directly wrapped on the surface of the tree seedling by adopting the method and needs to leave a gap, the lower part of the paper tubular protection device also needs to wrap the base part of the tree seedling and be inserted into the soil, and the tubular protection device made of reed, wheat straw and cotton stalk can directly bundle the tree;

7) management of seedling stage after afforestation, timely water replenishing is needed after planting, after overground parts of the saplings are subjected to leaf spreading, lateral branches are developed, underground roots are stable, the auxiliary protection devices are gradually removed, and in areas with large sand storm and serious dry hot wind, under the condition that the diameter growth of the saplings is not influenced, the protection can be properly prolonged, and the saplings can be removed in due time.

Further, the afforestation time in the step 2) is selected in middle and last 3 months of early spring.

Further, the row spacing in the step 6) is 2m multiplied by 2m or 2m multiplied by 1.5m, and a narrow forest belt structure with a sparse and transparent structure is adopted.

Further, the water replenishing in the step 7) can adopt a flood irrigation mode or a drip irrigation mode, the flood irrigation mode needs to be checked in time after irrigation, lodging or improper seedlings are righted and deeply buried, the drip irrigation needs to pay attention to the problems, and in addition, the saplings taking the drip irrigation measures need to open drip openings in time.

The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:

1. the technology is multiple in effect, aiming at the problem that the afforestation survival rate of a protection forest is low at the edge of the desert in oasis in southern Xinjiang, a drought-resistant wind-proof sand-fixing device and a planting technology are adopted to improve the afforestation survival rate, and simultaneously, the wind-proof sand-fixing function is achieved;

2. the technology is economical and practical, the material of the protective device is economical and practical, the protective device is suitable for the economic bearing capacity of sand area masses and enterprises and public institutions, the operation of the technology is simple and convenient, the protective device is easy to master, and the protective device is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the protection device of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The invention relates to a drought-resisting sand-fixing afforestation method for sand in south Xinjiang, which comprises the following steps:

1. preparing soil for forestation: the technology has no strict requirement on the flatness of the sand land, and the leveled land has better afforestation effect if the condition is met, so the protection forest afforestation land can be leveled according to the terrain leveling condition of land development; because the sand has less plant diseases and insect pests, special soil disinfection treatment is not needed, and proper disinfection can be performed on the sand with the plant diseases and insect pests; special treatment of weeds is not needed, partial weeds are allowed to grow under the condition that the growth of saplings is not influenced, and the wind erosion resistance of the forest land is facilitated;

2. selection of afforestation time: the afforestation of the protection forest in the sand area of southern Xinjiang is best carried out in spring, generally, the middle and last ten days of 3 months in early spring is selected, the temperature of the early spring of southern Xinjiang rises faster, the temperature of each part is slightly different, the protection forest can be flexibly selected according to the environment of the local sand area, and the protection forest is suitable for early days and not suitable for late days in principle;

3. preparation of nursery stocks: generally, the tree species of the protection forest for seedling planting and cutting afforestation are Xinjiang poplar, Zuantianyang poplar, arrow-stem poplar, shiny-leaved yellowhorn, Calligonum mongolicum, populus euphratica, Chinese tamarisk and the like, 2-year-old strong seedlings are selected as the example of the Xinjiang poplar and the shiny-leaved yellowhorn, 50-80cm seedlings with roots can be reserved in the seedling planting and afforestation, the upper parts of the seedlings are removed, only trunks are reserved, 2-3 buds are reserved in the part, excessive buds are not suitable, the cut is smooth, and the seedlings are coated and protected by paint or wax. If the cutting method is adopted, a trunk of 60-90cm can be cut, a horse-shoe-shaped bevel is cut at the lower part, the upper cut is smooth, paint or wax is used for coating and protecting, and lateral branches are removed. Other saplings can be properly treated according to the growth conditions of the cuttings and the saplings, a certain length is reserved as far as possible, but the length cannot be too long, so that the lateral branches are prevented from being developed in a large amount, a large amount of water is consumed, and if the water supply is insufficient, the saplings are easy to be drained and die;

4. pretreatment of seedling planting: the seedlings with roots are planted in the planting forestation zone, the seedlings are preferably lifted and trimmed within 1-2 days before planting, and are temporarily planted for protection before planting to avoid water loss, and if the forestation land is closer to the nursery land, the seedlings can be directly planted after being lifted. Cutting seedlings are prepared 1-2 days before planting, cutting ears are bundled together, and the lower cutting part is soaked in clear water for 24 hours or rooting powder solution for 6-8 hours, so as to be beneficial to rooting;

5. preparing an auxiliary protection device: as shown in figure 1, for example, a PVC plastic pipe with the pipe diameter of 90-110mm and the wall thickness of 2.7-3.2mm is used, a proper thin point can be formed, the later removal is facilitated, and the length is 30-40 cm. It can also be made into a tubular device by imitating the above specification by using hard board and waste paper shell. In addition, if the sandy wind erosion and sand burying of the afforestation sandy land are small, but mainly the high temperature or the dry hot wind on the earth surface, the method of bundling the reeds, the wheat straws or the waste cotton stalks can also be adopted;

6. the method comprises the steps of planting and protecting the forestation land, determining the bandwidth and the row spacing of plants according to the wind prevention and sand fixation requirements of a forest belt, wherein the narrow forest belt structure is usually a sparse and transparent structure, the row spacing of the plants is 2m multiplied by 2m or 2m multiplied by 1.5m, and the specific situation is determined according to the situation of the activity intensity of wind and sand. In the planting process, the root of the planted seedling is buried deeply, generally 30-40cm, 20-40cm is reserved on the overground part, if the planted seedling is particularly dry, a small part can be reserved on the ground, and the sapling is prevented from being dehydrated too quickly. The underground part of the cuttage part is 40-50cm, if the cuttage part is particularly dry, a small part of the ground needs to be reserved, the planting process needs to be trampled, the sandy soil is loose, and the saplings are easy to fall down due to wind erosion and water supplement. After planting or cutting, the PVC pipe is sleeved on the sapling and is inserted into the soil, the depth can be determined according to the intensity of wind, the wind is strong, the wind is deep, the wind is small and shallow, the depth of the underground part cannot exceed the underground part of the sapling, the overground part needs to be 15-20cm higher than the ground, and the sapling or cutting shoot needs to be higher than the pipe. The paper pipe sleeve can adopt the method, and can also be directly wrapped on the surface of the seedling, but a gap is left, the lower part of the paper pipe sleeve also needs to be wrapped on the base part of the seedling and inserted into the soil, and the reed, the wheat straw and the cotton stalk can be directly tied up to tie the seedling and inserted into the soil;

7. management of seedling stage after afforestation, timely water supplement after planting, flood irrigation mode, timely inspection after irrigation, righting and deep burying of lodging or improper seedlings, drip irrigation and attention to the problems, and timely opening of drip openings of saplings for preventing ground water. After the overground part of the sapling is spread with leaves, lateral branches develop and the underground root is stable, the auxiliary protection device is gradually removed, if the local sand is large and the dry hot wind is serious, the protection can be properly prolonged and removed in due time under the condition of not influencing the diameter growth of the sapling.

The method has a good effect in the construction of the desert edge sand land of the oasis of the newly-built fourteen soldiers 224 in southern Xinjiang, the Hetian city, the Hetian county and the Kaishi city, not only effectively improves the survival rate of afforestation, but also provides technical support for the development and utilization of the desert edge sand land of the oasis and the protection of ecological environment.

While one embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail, the description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A drought-resistant sand-fixing afforestation method for sand in south Xinjiang is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

1) preparing soil for forestation: leveling the forestation land of the protection forest according to the terrain leveling condition of land development; when the diseases and insect pests in the sand are less, special soil disinfection treatment is not needed; properly disinfecting the sand with diseases and insect pests without specially treating weeds;

2) selection of afforestation time: selecting early spring 3 middle and late ten days for afforestation in the sand area in south Xinjiang, and following the principle of being suitable for early and not suitable for late;

3) preparation of nursery stocks: selecting Xinjiang poplar, selecting 2-year-old strong seedlings, performing seedling planting and afforestation by using a cutting method, cutting a trunk of 90cm, beveling the trunk in a horseshoe shape at the lower cut, flattening the upper cut, coating paint or wax for protection, and removing lateral branches;

4) pretreatment of seedling planting: cutting seedlings are prepared 1-2 days before planting, cutting ears are bundled together, and the lower cutting part is soaked in clear water for 24 hours or rooting powder solution for 6-8 hours, so as to be beneficial to rooting;

5) preparing an auxiliary protection device: a paper tubular device is manufactured by using a hard board and waste paper shells, the pipe diameter specification is 90-110mm, the wall thickness is 2.7-3.2mm, and the length is 30-40 cm; in addition, the sandy land for afforestation is less in wind erosion and sand burying, mainly adopts high-temperature or dry hot air on the surface of the land, and adopts a method of bundling reed, wheat straw or waste cotton stalk;

6) planting and protecting the forestation land, determining the bandwidth and the row spacing of the plants according to the requirements of wind prevention and sand fixation of the forest belt, wherein the row spacing of the plants is 2m multiplied by 2 m; a narrow forest belt structure with a sparse and transparent structure is adopted; in the planting process, the underground part of the cuttage part is 40-50cm, and the planting process needs to be stepped to prevent lodging; after the cuttage is finished, the paper pipe is sleeved on the cutting slips and is inserted into the soil, the depth is determined according to the strength of wind, the depth of the underground part cannot exceed that of the underground part of the cutting slips, the overground part needs to be 20cm higher than the ground, and the cutting slips need to be higher than the pipe; or the paper pipe sleeve is directly wrapped on the surface of the cutting, but a gap is left, and the lower part of the paper pipe sleeve needs to wrap the base part of the cutting and insert the cutting into soil; directly bundling reed, wheat straw and waste cotton stalk, inserting the cutting slips into soil;

7) managing seedling stage after afforestation, timely replenishing water after planting, adopting a flood irrigation mode, timely checking after irrigation, righting and deeply burying lodged or abnormal seedlings, paying attention to the problems also by drip irrigation, and paying attention to timely opening water dripping openings of saplings taking drip irrigation measures; and gradually removing the auxiliary protection device after the overground part of the sapling is subjected to leaf expansion, lateral branch development and underground root stabilization, and if local sand is large and dry hot air is serious, properly prolonging the protection and timely removing the sapling under the condition of not influencing the diameter growth of the sapling.