CN106191064A - 一种制备mc4r基因敲除猪的方法 - Google Patents

一种制备mc4r基因敲除猪的方法 Download PDF

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CN106191064A
CN106191064A CN201610587597.3A CN201610587597A CN106191064A CN 106191064 A CN106191064 A CN 106191064A CN 201610587597 A CN201610587597 A CN 201610587597A CN 106191064 A CN106191064 A CN 106191064A
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sgrna
mc4r gene
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李秋艳
郝海阳
韩建永
邹云龙
付怡静
李志远
尹志安
罗洁
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China Agricultural University
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Abstract

本发明涉及基因工程和遗传修饰领域,具体地说,涉及利用CRISPR/Cas9系统对MC4R基因进行编辑,并通过体细胞核移植技术获得MC4R基因敲除猪。本发明首次针对猪MC4R基因的CDS区的两个位点(MC4R基因CDS区的6133‑6152bp序列和7127‑7146bp序列)设计sgRNA,并借助CRISPR‑Cas9系统对两个位点同时进行切割,实现了MC4R基因的大片段删除,并且获得了大片段删除的敲除猪个体,为研究猪MC4R基因提供了一种切实可行的方法。

Description

一种制备MC4R基因敲除猪的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及基因工程和遗传修饰领域,具体地说,涉及利用CRISPR/Cas9系统对MC4R基因进行编辑,并通过体细胞核移植技术获得MC4R基因敲除猪。
背景技术
PVN是食欲调节的一把钥匙,主要表达MC4R。在PVN区,MC4R的活性受弓状核不同神经元分泌的激素调节(如激动剂α-MSH和拮抗剂Agrp等)。MC4R与配体结合后被活化,细胞外的信号传到细胞内,激活腺苷酸环化酶,使细胞内cAMP浓度增高。最终激活cAMP应答元件(cAMPresponseelement,CRE)调控的基因转录,从而调节细胞的物质代谢和基因表达。MC4R除参与经典的信号调节通路外,它还调节MAPK信号通路中某些信号因子的活性,发挥减少体重的功能。
MC4R可以作为大动物育种的一个候选基因。该基因的突变与体重及脂肪性状的呈现显著的相关性。如猪MC4R基因高度保守区内发生一个错义突变Asp298Asn,该位点多态性与猪的许多经济性状显著相关:MC4R基因型为298Asp时,猪表现为背膘厚减少、增长速度变慢、采食量降低,MC4R基因型突变为298Asn时,猪表现为背膘厚增多、增长速度加快、采食量提高等相关性状。
MC4R基因突变是最常见的单基因肥胖病因,占早期开始的严重儿童期肥胖的4%。
因而MC4R基因对于农业上大动物的育种改良,以及医学上的治疗早发性肥胖具有重要的意义。
因而通过制作基因敲除猪,在此模型的基础上阐明MC4R在猪脂肪发育中信号通路的作用,具有重要的意义。
CRISPR/Cas9是一种存在于细菌和古生菌中的适应性免疫系统。利用人工合成的sgRNA序列与基因组DNA的碱基互补配对,Cas9核酸内切酶可以实现基因组的定点切割,从而产生DNA的双链断裂。DNA双链断裂可以通过两种方式进行修复:其一是采取非同源末端连接修复方式(NHEJ),这种方式会在双链断裂处产生随机类型的插入/缺失修复,可能会造成基因的移码突变,造成基因功能缺失。另一种修复方式是在以单链寡核苷酸或者双链Donor质粒载体为模板的指导下,通过同源重组(HR)的方式实现预期的精准修复。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中存在的问题,本发明的目的是提供一种制备MC4R基因敲除猪的方法。
为了实现本发明目的,本发明首先提供特异性靶向MC4R基因的sgRNA,其靶向MC4R基因CDS区6133-6152bp序列或7127-7146bp序列。
进一步地,当所述sgRNA靶向MC4R基因CDS区6133-6152bp序列时,其核苷酸序列为5’-ttctggaaccgcagcaccta-3’。
当所述sgRNA靶向MC4R基因CDS区7127-7146bp序列时,其核苷酸序列为5’-gactttctccttacacagtc-3’。
其次,本发明还提供了含有前述sgRNA的CRISPR/Cas9打靶载体。作为优选,其为连接有sgRNA的px-330质粒,所述pX330质粒购于Addgene公司。
所述CRISPR/Cas9打靶载体,是通过以下方法制备得到的:以合成引物的方式,合成sgRNA及其互补的寡核苷酸序列。将寡核酸序列进行退火操作,步骤为在94℃,5min;37℃,10min;冰上,5min。用限制性内切酶BbsⅠ酶切pX330质粒,切胶回收载体骨架,利用T4DNA连接酶与退火后的寡核苷酸产物进行连接。
进一步地,本发明还提供了一种制备MC4R基因敲除细胞的方法,将含有靶向MC4R基因CDS区6133-6152bp序列的sgRNA的CRISPR/Cas9打靶载体,与含有靶向MC4R基因CDS区7127-7146bp序列的sgRNA的CRISPR/Cas9打靶载体共转染细胞,从而敲除细胞的MC4R基因。
与此同时,本发明还提供了一种制备MC4R基因敲除猪的方法,即同时利用靶向MC4R基因CDS区6133-6152bp序列的CRISPR/Cas9打靶载体与靶向MC4R基因CDS区7127-7146bp序列的CRISPR/Cas9打靶载体,对MC4R基因实现敲除。
具体而言,所述方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将含有靶向MC4R基因CDS区6133-6152bp序列的sgRNA的CRISPR/Cas9打靶载体、含有靶向MC4R基因CDS区7127-7146bp序列的sgRNA的CRISPR/Cas9打靶载体、与PL452-Neo质粒分别进行酶切,得到线性化片段;所述pl452-Neo质粒购于Addgene公司;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的线性化片段共转染猪的胎儿成纤维细胞,通过G418(遗传霉素)筛选具有抗性的单细胞克隆;
(3)选取状态良好的阳性单细胞克隆作为核移植的供体细胞,卵母细胞作为核移植的受体细胞,利用体细胞核移植技术构建克隆胚胎,将优质的克隆胚胎移植到代孕母猪的输卵管内,经过全期发育获得MC4R基因敲除猪。
其中,CRISPR/Cas9打靶载体pX330(包括靶向MC4R基因CDS区不同序列的两种CRISPR/Cas9打靶载体pX330)与PL452-Neo基因进行共转猪的胎儿成纤维细胞的方法为:pX330质粒的总量为4μg(两种pX330各2μg),PL452-Neo基因线性载体与pX330质粒按照摩尔比1:3混合,利用lonza核电转仪及成纤维细胞电转试剂盒进行转染。
进一步地,本发明还提供了前述sgRNA或前述CRISPR/Cas9打靶载体在CRISPR-Cas9特异性敲除猪MC4R基因中的应用。
本发明的有益效果在于:
本发明首次针对猪MC4R基因的CDS区的两个位点设计的sgRNA,并借助CRISPR-Cas9系统对两个位点同时进行切割,实现了MC4R基因的大片段删除,并且获得了大片段删除的敲除猪个体,这种制备MC4R基因敲除猪的方法在国内外之前是没有报道的。为研究猪MC4R基因提供了一种切实可行的方法。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1中针对MC4R基因设计的靶向序列位置。
图2为本发明实施例7中对单克隆细胞进行测序后,序列比对的结果。
图3为本发明实施例9中使用PCR方法鉴定新生猪的突变类型;其中,1号为820,2号为11502,3号为11501,4号为11503,5号为死胎,WT为野生型。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本发明的优选实施方式进行详细说明。需要理解的是以下实施例的给出仅是为了起到说明的目的,并不是用于对本发明的范围进行限制。本领域的技术人员在不背离本发明的宗旨和精神的情况下,可以对本发明进行各种修改和替换。
下述实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。
下述实施例中所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
其中:
pX330载体,pl452-Neo质粒购于Addgene公司;
T4DNA连接酶、Q5超保真酶、BbsⅠ及T7EN1购于NEB公司;
引物合成由上海生工完成;
测序由美吉生物公司合成。
质粒去内毒素提取试剂盒及基因组提取试剂盒购于QIAGEN公司。
胶回收试剂盒购于GENSTAR公司。
酶切、连接、切胶回收、转化、PCR扩增等常规实验操作步骤详见《分子克隆(第三版)》。
实施例1、CRSIPR/Cas9打靶载体cas-1-3、cas-3-3的构建
根据CRISPR/Cas9的作用原理,在猪MC4R基因的CDS区设计sgRNA序列,如图1所示。
选取cas9靶点1-3:
sgRNA序列为5’-ttctggaaccgcagcaccta-3’,根据碱基互补配对的原则,其反向互补序列为5’-taggtgctgcggttccagaa-3’;
选取cas9靶点3-3:
sgRNA序列为5’-gactttctccttacacagtc-3’,根据碱基互补配对的原则,其反向互补序列为5’-gactgtgtaaggagaaagtc-3。
pX330载体骨架需要使用BbsⅠ进行酶切,所以需要在sgRNA序列上补出BbsⅠ酶切位点的粘性末端,以利于其连入pX330载体骨架。加入BbsⅠ粘性末端的sgRNA序列及其互补序列。
a.将设计好的加入BbsⅠ酶切位点粘性末端的sgRNA及其互补序列以合成引物的方式进行合成。将合成的寡核苷酸进行退火操作,使其形成带有粘性末端的DNA双链。退火程序如下:94℃,5min;37℃,10min;冰上,5min。
b.pX330载体骨架使用BbsⅠ酶切,37℃水浴4h。然后进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳,并切胶回收目的条带。
c.载体骨架与sgRNA序列连接。将回收的载体骨架与sgRNA序列退火产物于16℃连接仪进行连接过夜。将连接产物转化DH5α感受态细胞,37℃培养箱培养,待其长出单克隆后,挑取单克隆划线,并进行测序鉴定阳性单克隆。测序引物为F:5'-GAGGGCCTATTTCCCATGAT-3';R:5'-GGAAAGTCCCTATTGGCGTTA-3'。构建好的质粒(打靶载体)命名为cas-1-3、cas-3-3。
实施例2、阳性菌落的大量培养
a.挑取测序正确的阳性单克隆菌落,将其加入2-5ml氨苄抗性的LB培养基中,于摇床中37℃,300rpm剧烈摇动8h。
b.将初始培养的菌液以1/500-1/1000的稀释比例加入到100ml氨苄抗性的LB培养基中,于摇床中37℃,300rpm剧烈摇动12h-16h。
实施例3、cas-1-3、cas-3-3质粒的去内毒提取
参见QIAGEN公司的EndoFree Plasmid Maxi Kit说明书。将提取好的质粒测浓度后分装、冻存,用于后续的猪胎儿成纤维细胞的转染。
实施例4、PL452-Neo质粒的酶切
使用NEB公司的限制性内切酶NotⅠ和NheⅠ对PL452-Neo质粒酶切,37℃水浴4h。使用Genstar的胶回收试剂盒回收,测浓度后分装,冻于-20℃冰箱备用。
实施例5、猪胎儿成纤维细胞的建系
a.将妊娠30天的农大小香猪麻醉,从其子宫内无菌取出胎儿,用含双抗的PBS清洗胎儿后,置于超净工作台中,用眼科剪去除胎儿的头部、四肢、内脏及软骨组织,用PBS冲洗干净;
b.在细胞培养皿内用眼科剪将剩余组织剪碎成约1mm3小块;
c.加入适量的FBS,保持组织不至于过分干燥。将剪碎的组织块转移到1个T75细胞培养瓶中,将组织块均匀铺开;
d.加入5mL细胞培养基,将铺有组织块的一面向上,不被培养基浸没,于37℃,5%CO2培养箱中培养3~5h后,将T75翻转,使组织块被培养基浸没;
e.培养3天左右,观察到组织块周围有大量细胞爬出,待细胞生长至约90%汇合度时,对细胞进行消化并冻存备用。
实施例6、猪胎儿成纤维细胞的转染和中靶单细胞克隆的筛选:
a.将一个六孔板孔中,已达到80-90%汇合的猪胎儿成纤维细胞,进行消化、离心,获得数量约2×105-2×106的猪胎儿成纤维细胞。
b.将质粒pX330-1-3、pX330-3-3及PL452-Neo基因线性化片段加入Lonza转染试剂中,混匀。
c.使用加入质粒的转染试剂重悬细胞,并将细胞悬液加入到电击杯中,T-016程序电击细胞。
d.电击完成后,立即将细胞吸出,加3ml含10%血清的DMEM到六孔板的一个孔中。
e.37℃,5%CO2培养箱培养48h后,细胞达到80%-90%汇合,将细胞消化下来,稀释至20-30个10cm细胞培养皿中。
f.24-48h后,待10cm皿中的细胞贴壁、且状态良好,加入400-600μg/ml的G418,每隔一天补加一次G418,加药量根据细胞状态及汇合度灵活掌控,总加药量不能超过1000μg/ml。G418筛选10-14天,可见单克隆长出。
g.单克隆的挑取及扩大培养。在显微镜下,使用记号笔将状态良好的单克隆用圆圈圈出。弃掉10cm培养皿中的培养基,PBS清洗一次,将克隆环蘸取明胶,用克隆环将细胞单克隆圈住,加入10-30μl0.1%的胰蛋白酶,37℃消化1min。在显微镜下观察,细胞变圆、游离,加入含20%FBS的DMEM终止消化,将细胞吸出加入24孔板中。48-72h后,24孔板中细胞汇合至80-90%时,将细胞传至12孔板中。待12孔板中细胞达到80%-90%汇合时,对细胞进行冻存。
实施例7、中靶阳性单细胞克隆的鉴定
由于Cas9的切割造成双链断裂,NHEJ的修复方式会随机产生插入/缺失突变,因此我们需要以打靶单克隆的基因组为模板,PCR扩增打靶位点所在区域,对其区域进行测序,检测其碱基的插入/缺失突变的情况。
提取48个单克隆的基因组DNA,以其为模板进行PCR扩增,PCR扩增引物为,PCR产物大小为1427bp。以野生型细胞的基因组作为阴性对照。PCR程序如下:98℃,30s;98℃,10s;56℃,30s;72℃,1min;72℃,2min。35个循环。缺失或者插入大片段的细胞单克隆,可以使用琼脂糖凝胶电泳进行初步判定。将PCR产物连接peasy-simple blunt载体进行测序,序列比对情况如图2所示。
实施例8、MC4R基因敲除猪的制备
a.以实施例7获得的阳性猪胎儿成纤维细胞为核移植供体细胞。培养胎儿成纤维细胞至100%汇合1-2天,去除培养皿内培养基,加入PBS洗涤1次,然后用0.1%胰蛋白酶消化约2min,待细胞变圆后立即后用含血清的细胞培养液终止消化,1000rpm离心5min,弃上清,用操作液T2重悬离心沉淀的细胞,冰浴放置备用。
b.以体外成熟的卵母细胞为核移植受体卵质。从母猪卵巢中采集卵丘卵母细胞复合体,经过体外成熟并用透明质酸酶脱去卵丘细胞,而后在体式显微镜下挑选排出第一极体、形态正常、胞质均匀的成熟卵母细胞备用。
c.在显微操作仪下,将核移植供体细胞移入去核的成熟卵母细胞中。经过电融合及化学激活,诱导细胞与卵子融合并同时激活卵母细胞。构建成重组胚胎,融合胚放入低氧培养环境下(低氧培养箱或充入低氧混合配气封袋密闭培养)培养。采用微滴或四孔板培养,气相条件为含7%O2、88%N2、和5%CO2的混合气体,培养温度为39℃,湿度为100%。体外发育至1-4细胞期后观察卵裂情况及发育状态,并用于胚胎移植。
d.挑选形态正常、发育优良的克隆胚胎用手术法移植入胚胎同期的母猪内。移植步骤为舒泰常规麻醉,将母猪保定在手术架上面,尽量避开血管,在腹中线处切口,露出卵巢,输卵管及子宫,使用胚胎移植管吸取胚胎,然后沿输卵管伞部进入将克隆胚胎释放到输卵管壶腹部、峡部结合处。胚胎移植后给代孕母猪注射消炎针,30天后进行B超检测妊娠情况。
实施例9、MC4R基因敲除猪的DNA水平检测
使用新生公猪820#、11501#、11502#、11503#的耳组织提取基因组DNA,以其为模板对MC4R基因进行PCR扩增。PCR扩增引物F:5'-GATGCTAATCAGAGCCCTAC-3';R:5'-TCCATTGTGCCTATAACCTG-3'。使用该引物对野生型猪基因组DNA进行扩增的PCR产物大小应为1427bp。若新生猪为基因敲除猪,则PCR产物大小约为420bp。结果表明11501#为部分缺失。其他样送测序比对结果表明820#及11502#发生移码突变,翻译提前终止。
虽然,上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施方案对本发明作了详尽的描述,但在本发明基础上,可以对之作一些修改或改进,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此,在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。

Claims (10)

1.特异性靶向MC4R基因的sgRNA,其特征在于,其靶向MC4R基因CDS区的6133-6152bp序列或7127-7146bp序列。
2.根据权利要求1所述的的sgRNA,其特征在于,其核苷酸序列为5’-ttctggaaccgcagcaccta-3’。
3.根据权利要求1所述的的sgRNA,其特征在于,其核苷酸序列为5’-gactttctccttacacagtc-3’。
4.含有权利要求2或权利要求3所述的sgRNA的CRISPR/Cas9打靶载体。
5.根据权利要求4所述的CRISPR/Cas9打靶载体,其特征在于,其为连接有sgRNA的px-330质粒。
6.一种制备MC4R基因敲除细胞的方法,其特征在于,将含有权利要求2所述sgRNA的CRISPR/Cas9打靶载体,与含有权利要求3所述sgRNA的CRISPR/Cas9打靶载体共转染细胞,从而敲除细胞的MC4R基因。
7.一种制备MC4R基因敲除猪的方法,其特征在于,同时利用靶向MC4R基因CDS区6133-6152bp序列的CRISPR/Cas9打靶载体与靶向MC4R基因CDS区7127-7146bp序列的CRISPR/Cas9打靶载体,对MC4R基因实现敲除。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)将含有权利要求2所述sgRNA的CRISPR/Cas9打靶载体、含有权利要求3所述sgRNA的CRISPR/Cas9打靶载体、与PL452-Neo分别进行酶切,得到线性化片段;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的线性化片段共转染猪的胎儿成纤维细胞,通过G418筛选具有抗性的单细胞克隆;
(3)选取状态良好的阳性单细胞克隆作为核移植的供体细胞,卵母细胞作为核移植的受体细胞,利用体细胞核移植技术构建克隆胚胎,将优质的克隆胚胎移植到代孕母猪的输卵管内,经过全期发育获得MC4R基因敲除猪。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的方法,其特征在于,所述CRISPR/Cas9打靶载体为连接有sgRNA的px-330质粒。
10.权利要求1~3任一项所述的sgRNA或权利要求4所述的CRISPR/Cas9打靶载体在CRISPR-Cas9特异性敲除猪MC4R基因中的应用。
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