CN106176844A - 一种抗氧化作用强的木槿叶提取物制备方法 - Google Patents
一种抗氧化作用强的木槿叶提取物制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106176844A CN106176844A CN201610764459.8A CN201610764459A CN106176844A CN 106176844 A CN106176844 A CN 106176844A CN 201610764459 A CN201610764459 A CN 201610764459A CN 106176844 A CN106176844 A CN 106176844A
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- folium hibisci
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/96—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution
- A61K8/97—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution from algae, fungi, lichens or plants; from derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/30—Extraction of the material
- A61K2236/33—Extraction of the material involving extraction with hydrophilic solvents, e.g. lower alcohols, esters or ketones
- A61K2236/333—Extraction of the material involving extraction with hydrophilic solvents, e.g. lower alcohols, esters or ketones using mixed solvents, e.g. 70% EtOH
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K2236/50—Methods involving additional extraction steps
- A61K2236/51—Concentration or drying of the extract, e.g. Lyophilisation, freeze-drying or spray-drying
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
一种抗氧化作用强的木槿叶提取物制备方法,将木槿叶烘干、粉碎,采用超声波辅助提取;提取的溶剂为50%乙醇水溶液,提取条件组合为:料液比的质量比为1:40‑60,提取时控制温度60‑70℃,提取时间40‑60min;然后过滤或者离心,浓缩蒸发去掉乙醇,得到木槿提取水溶液;过DM130树脂层析柱、冲洗、用60%的乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液;洗脱液浓缩、干燥,得到木槿叶提取物。本发明得到一种总酚含量为10%‑15%的木槿叶提取物,通过DPPH自由基清除试验,超氧阴离子清除实验,羟自由基清除实验,该提取物具有强抗氧化作用,可以作为食品、保健品、药品、化妆品的功效原料。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及植物提取领域,尤其是一种木槿叶提取物的制备方法。
背景技术
木槿是落叶灌木,属锦葵科木槿。在木槿叶中含有蒽醌类化合,包括大黄素甙、大黄素、大黄酚、槲皮素等二十多种成分。这些物质能促进肠内肌肉收缩,使肠内细菌分解和活化,加快肠道蠕动,具有通便利尿的作用。其中大黄酚具有泻下作用;大黄素苷能够治疗气喘、过敏性鼻炎、花粉过敏等;槲皮素能够祛痰、止咳、平喘。此外这些物质还具有降血压,降低血脂、抑制溃疡、扩张冠状动脉、以及收敛镇静的作用,可用于治疗慢性支气管炎,同时可以辅助治疗高血压和冠心病。木槿中含有氨基酸和有机酸,食用木槿可满足人体对必需氨基酸的摄入需求。木槿叶中含有多种维生素,这些维生素具有很强的抗氧化作用。木槿叶还含有黄酮类化合物,这些化合物的抗氧化能力比维生素E的抗氧化能力还要强十倍以上。公开号为CN103601770A,名称为木槿花瓣花色苷超声波辅助提取方法的发明专利,公开了一种木槿花瓣花色苷超声波辅助提取方法,通过将木槿花瓣在液氮中研磨成粉后加入盐酸甲醇混合液,并在恒温水浴和超声波环境下实现从木槿花瓣中提取花色苷。以0.1%盐酸甲醇为提取剂,辅以超声波提取木槿花瓣中花色苷的方法,大大降低了提取木槿花色苷的时间,提高了提取效率。发明专利公开号为CN103642862A,名称为从木槿叶中分离提取复合氨基酸的方法,公开一种从木槿叶中分离提取复合氨基酸的方法,该方法包括预处理、超声处理、脱色、除杂、纯化、溶解晶体、析出晶体、烘干,得复合氨基酸晶体。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种总酚含量为10%-15%、具有强抗氧化作用的木槿叶提取物的制备方法,该提取物可以作为食品、保健品、药品、化妆品的功效原料。
为了解决该技术问题,以质量比计,本发明采取的技术方案是:
1、木槿叶的前处理
将木槿叶烘干,或者采用干叶,用粉碎机粉碎成粗粉;粗粉呈暗绿色,具有木槿特殊的气味。
2、超声波水-乙醇提取
采用超声波辅助提取。提取的溶剂为50%乙醇水溶液,提取条件组合为:以质量比计,料液比为1:40-60,提取时控制温度60-70℃,提取时间40-60min。
优选提取条件组合为:温度70℃、配料比1:50、乙醇浓度50%、提取时间50min,提取率会高。
然后过滤或者离心,弃去残渣,得到黄棕色提取液。
3、回收乙醇
将得到黄棕色提取液蒸发浓缩,回收乙醇,得到木槿提取水溶液;
蒸发浓缩优选旋转蒸发仪,蒸发时控制温度为60℃、转速为50r/min。
4、大孔树脂纯化
DM130为聚苯乙烯型弱极性吸附树脂,主要用于黄酮、皂苷和多酚类的提取和精制。由于木槿叶提取液中含有大量的果胶、糖类物质、氨基酸,导致干燥提取液时粉末呈现粘稠的状态。在干燥之前采用DM130大孔树脂吸附、洗脱得到去除大部分果胶、糖类和氨基酸的木槿叶提取物,提高总酚含量。
将得到木槿提取水溶液,过DM130大孔树脂层析柱,控制流速和流量,结束后用清水压出提取液,冲洗树脂除去杂质;再用60%的乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液。
用DM130大孔树脂吸附提取液时,优选层析柱型号是φ1.4cm×20cm,流速每秒滴液体2~3滴,用60%的乙醇洗脱,流速同样为每秒滴液体2~3滴。
5、浓缩、干燥
将收集到的洗脱液蒸发浓缩得到浓缩液,将浓缩液进一步干燥,得到木槿叶提取物。称重,计算木槿叶提取物总酚的提取率。
所述的前处理、超声波水-乙醇提取、浓缩、柱层析、干燥都为已知技术。
总酚含量测定
利用福林酚法,在碱性条件下,酚类物质与铜结合生成复合物,福林酚试剂中的磷钼酸盐-磷钨酸盐被酚还原,形成钼蓝和钨蓝的混合物,产生深蓝色。在一定条件下,蓝色深度与酚类物质的含量成正比。
实验步骤:取没食子酸标准品(0.208mg/mL)0uL、50uL、100uL、200uL、300uL、400uL于比色管中,加水至2.5mL,再加福林酚2.5mL,反应3min,再加浓度为100mg/mL Na2CO3溶液2.5mL,反应5小时,取出。用紫外分光光度计在570nm处测吸光度,吸光度测三次取平均值。得到回归方程:y=122.8x-0.001(R=0.999);表明没食子酸在0~12 mg/mL范围内吸光值与浓度之间存在良好的线性关系。经检测,上述所得木槿叶提取物中总酚含量为10%-15%。
抗氧化试验
将所得的木槿叶提取物,做抗氧化实验。
1.DPPH自由基清除试验
原理:DPPH是一种稳定的自由基,在有机溶剂中呈紫色,在517 nm波长处有较大吸收,当加入抗氧化剂时,一部分自由基被清除掉,使该波长下吸收强度减弱,可借此来评价某物质的抗氧化活性。
实验步骤:取木槿叶提取物,用DMSO溶解,配制成浓度为3mg/mL、4.5mg/mL、6mg/mL、7.5mg/mL、9mg/mL的待测液。DPPH用无水乙醇配制成0.16 mmol/L,置于棕色瓶中备用。取5支干净的比色管分别加入5μL 0.16 mmol/L的DPPH溶液,再取不同浓度的样品溶液100μL分别加入比色管中,再加入4.9mL蒸馏水,反应体系为10mL。加样后室温振荡15 min,用紫外分光光度计在517 nm波长处检测样品吸光度(As1、As2、As3、As4、As5);取100 μL DMSO代替样品溶液测得空白吸光度(Ao);以5mL无水乙醇代替DPPH溶液测得样品本底吸光度(Ac1、Ac2、Ac3、Ac4、Ac5)。根据公式,计算清除率,绘制趋势图。
结果表明,木槿黄酮的浓度与自由基的清除率具有良好的线性关系,自由基的清除率随着浓度的增加而上升呈现正相关。
2.超氧阴离子清除实验
原理:在碱性条件下邻苯三酚发生自氧化反应生成O2-·和中间体,该中间产物在299nm波长处有一特征吸收峰,当加入O2-·清除剂时,O2-·的生成受到抑制,邻苯三酚自氧化过程受阻,溶液在299 nm波长处吸收减弱。因此,通过测定某物质对邻苯三酚自氧化的抑制作用,即可表征其对超氧阴离子自由基的清除作用。
步骤:取5支比色管分别加入质量浓度为3mg/mL、6mg/mL、9mg/mL、12mg/mL、15 mg/mL的提取物100 μL,然后分别加入0.05 mol/L Tris-HC1缓冲溶液(pH8.2) 2.5mL,加分别入再蒸馏水6.9mL,摇匀,置于25 ℃水浴中预热20 min后,再分别加入500 μL用10 mmol/LHCl配成的25 mmol/L焦性没食子酸,混匀后于25℃水溶液中反应5 min,用紫外分光关光度计于299 nm处测吸光值(As1、As2、As3、As4、As5);用DMSO代替体系中的样品,测得空白吸光值(Ao);用10 mmol/L HCl代替体系中的焦性没食子酸,测得样品本底吸光值(Ac1、Ac2、Ac3、Ac4、Ac5)。根据公式,计算清除率,绘制趋势图。
结果表明,木槿黄酮的浓度与超氧阴离子清除率具有良好的线性关系,超氧阴离子清除率随着浓度的增加而上升呈现正相关,并且随着浓度的升高,清除率上升得很快。
3.羟自由基清除实验
原理:参照Fenton反应的方法建立反应体系模型,利用H2O2与Fe2+混合产生·OH,但由于·OH具有很高的反应活性,存活时间短,若在体系中加入水杨酸,就能有效地捕捉·OH,并产生有色产物。该产物在510 nm波长处有强吸收,若在反应体系中加入具有清除·OH功能的被测物,便会与水杨酸竞争·OH,而使有色产物生成量减少,采用固定反应时间法,在相同体积的反应体系加入一系列不同浓度的木槿黄酮提取液,并以蒸馏水为参比,与试剂空白液比较,通过在510 nm波长处测量各浓度下的吸光度A,便能检测被测物对·OH的清除作用。
实验步骤:取5支干净的比色管分别加入质量浓度为3mg/mL、6mg/mL、9mg/mL、12mg/mL、15 mg/mL的黄酮提取物100 μL,分别加入蒸馏水2.4mL,然后加入6 mmol/L的FeSO4溶液2.5mL,6 mmol/L的H2O2 2.5mL,摇匀,静置10 min后,再向其中分加入6 mmol/L的水杨酸溶液2.5mL,混匀。在37 ℃条件下反应30 min,然后用紫外分光关光度计于510 nm波长处测吸光值(As1、As2、As3、As4、As5);用DMSO代替体系中的样品,测得空白吸光值(Ao);用蒸馏水代替体系中的水杨酸,测得样品本底吸光值(Ac1、Ac2、Ac3、Ac4、Ac5)。根据公式,计算清除率,绘制趋势图。
结果表明,木槿黄酮的浓度与羟自由基清除率具有良好的线性关系,抗氧化率随着浓度的增加而上升呈现正相关,
本发明具有下列优点和特性:
1、组合技术新颖。采用50%乙醇水溶液为提取溶剂,控制料液比为1:40-60,提取时控制温度60-70℃,提取时间40-60min,结合超声波辅助提取,就是将溶解性不是很好的酚类物质尽快、尽量提取出来。然后采用蒸发浓缩去掉乙醇,便于下一步DM130大孔吸附树脂尽量吸附酚类物质,尽量去除木槿叶提取液中含有的果胶、糖类物质、氨基酸等。采用60%的乙醇水溶液洗脱,就是将被DM130大孔树脂吸附的酚类物质洗脱出来,确保木槿叶提取物中总酚含量为10%-15%。通过DPPH自由基清除试验,超氧阴离子清除实验,羟自由基清除实验,证明该提取物具有强抗氧化作用,可以作为食品、保健品、药品、化妆品的功效原料。这些技术特征组合在一起,顺序不能颠倒、密不可分、互相支持,共同作用,才能得到所属的技术效果,组合技术方案不是已知技术,不是简单的叠加,具有突出的实质性特点和显著的进步。
附图说明
图1:样品浓度与DPPH自由基清除率线性图
图2:样品浓度与超氧阴离子清除率线性图
图3:样品浓度与羟自由基清除率线性图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图,进一步说明本发明。
实施例1
1、木槿叶的前处理
将购买的干木槿叶用高速组织捣碎机粉碎,得到粗粉;粗粉呈暗绿色,具有木槿特殊的气味。
2、超声波水-乙醇提取
采用超声波辅助提取,用50kHz 100W的超声波处理。
取10g木槿叶粗粉,加浓度为50%乙醇水溶液500mL,用超声波破碎仪超声50min,控制温度为70℃,功率100w,进行提取。提取结束后,将料液取出,用离心机在4000 r/min离心10min。取离心液,弃去残渣,用布氏漏斗过滤得到黄棕色提取液。
3、回收乙醇
将得到的黄棕色提取液用旋转蒸发仪回收乙醇,控制温度为60℃、转速为50r/min,得到木槿提取水溶液。
4、大孔树脂纯化
层析柱的规格是φ1.4cm×20cm,将得到的木槿提取水溶液缓慢流入DM130树脂柱中,提取水溶液在树脂中的流速为每秒滴液体2~3滴,结束后用清水缓慢压出提取液,再用大量清水冲洗树脂除去杂质经,最后用300mL 60%的乙醇洗脱,洗涤流速为每秒滴液体2~3滴,收集洗脱液。
5、浓缩干燥
将收集到的洗脱液用旋转蒸发仪蒸发浓缩,控制温度为60℃、转速为50 r/min,得到浓缩液;将浓缩液放进蒸发皿中,用烘箱烘干得到木槿叶提取物。
用福林酚法,将所得到的木槿叶提取物中总酚含量进行测定,检测结果为12.0%。
将所得的木槿叶提取物,做抗氧化实验。
1.DPPH自由基清除试验
实验步骤:取木槿叶提取物,用DMSO溶解,配制成浓度为3mg/mL、4.5mg/mL、6mg/mL、7.5mg/mL、9mg/mL的待测液。DPPH用无水乙醇配制成0.16 mmol/L,置于棕色瓶中备用。取5支干净的比色管分别加入5μL 0.16 mmol/L的DPPH溶液,再取不同浓度的样品溶液100 μL分别加入比色管中,再加入4.9mL蒸馏水,反应体系为10mL。加样后室温振荡15 min,用紫外分光光度计在517 nm波长处检测样品吸光度(As1、As2、As3、As4、As5);取100 μL DMSO代替样品溶液测得空白吸光度(Ao);以5mL无水乙醇代替DPPH溶液测得样品本底吸光度(Ac1、Ac2、Ac3、Ac4、Ac5)。根据公式,计算清除率,绘制线性图,见图1。
清除率=[A0-(As-Ac)]÷A0×100%
式中Ao:5mL DPPH+100μLDMSO+4.9mL 水
As: 5mL DPPH+100μL 样品+4.9mL 水
Ac:5mL 乙醇+100μL 样品+4.9mL 水
空白:5mL 乙醇+100μLDMSO+4.9mL 水
由图1可知,木槿提取物总酚的浓度与自由基的清除率具有良好的线性关系,自由基的清除率随着浓度的增加而上升呈现正相关。
2.超氧阴离子清除实验
实验步骤:取5支比色管分别加入质量浓度为3mg/mL、6mg/mL、9mg/mL、12mg/mL、15 mg/mL的提取物100 μL,然后分别加入0.05 mol/L Tris-HC1缓冲溶液(pH8.2) 2.5mL,加分别入再蒸馏水6.9mL,摇匀,置于25 ℃水浴中预热20 min后,再分别加入500 μL用10 mmol/LHCl配成的25 mmol/L焦性没食子酸,混匀后于25℃水溶液中反应5 min,用紫外分光关光度计于299 nm处测吸光值(As1、As2、As3、As4、As5);用DMSO代替体系中的样品,测得空白吸光值(Ao);用10 mmol/L HCl代替体系中的焦性没食子酸,测得样品本底吸光值(Ac1、Ac2、Ac3、Ac4、Ac5)。根据公式,计算清除率,绘制线性图,见图2。
清除率=[A0-(As-Ac)]÷A0×100%
式中Ao:100μLDMSO +2.5mLTris+6.9mL水+500μL焦性没食子酸
As:100μL样品 +2.5mLTris+6.9mL水+500μL焦性没食子酸
Ac:100μL样品+2.5mLTris+6.9mL水+500μLHCl
空白:100μLDMSO +2.5mLTris+6.9mL水+500μLHCl
由图2可知,木槿提取物总酚的浓度与超氧阴离子清除率具有良好的线性关系,超氧阴离子清除率随着浓度的增加而上升呈现正相关,并且随着浓度的升高,清除率上升得很快。
3.羟自由基清除实验
实验步骤:取5支干净的比色管分别加入质量浓度为3mg/mL、6mg/mL、9mg/mL、12mg/mL、15 mg/mL的所得木槿提取物水溶液100μL,分别加入蒸馏水2.4mL,然后加入6 mmol/L的FeSO4溶液2.5mL,6 mmol/L的H2O2 2.5mL,摇匀,静置10 min后,再向其中分加入6 mmol/L的水杨酸溶液2.5mL,混匀。在37℃条件下反应30 min,然后用紫外分光关光度计于510nm波长处测吸光值(As1、As2、As3、As4、As5);用DMSO代替体系中的样品,测得空白吸光值(Ao);用蒸馏水代替体系中的水杨酸,测得样品本底吸光值(Ac1、Ac2、Ac3、Ac4、Ac5)。根据公式,计算清除率,绘制线性图,见图3。
清除率=[A0-(As-Ac)]÷A0×100%
式中A0:100μLDMSO +2.4mL蒸馏水+2.5mL Feso4+2.5mL H2O2+2.5mL水杨酸
As:100μL样品+2.4mL蒸馏水+2.5mL Feso4+2.5mL H2O2+2.5m L水杨酸
Ac:100μL样品+2.4mL蒸馏水+2.5mL Feso4+2.5mL H2O2+2.5mL蒸馏水
空白:100μLDMSO +9.9mL蒸馏水
由图3可知,木槿提取物总酚的浓度与羟自由基清除率具有良好的线性关系,抗氧化率随着浓度的增加而上升呈现正相关。
Claims (5)
1.一种抗氧化作用强的木槿叶提取物制备方法,以质量比计,采用如下工艺步骤:
1)木槿叶的前处理
将木槿叶烘干,或者采用干叶,用粉碎机粉碎,得粗粉;
2)超声波水-乙醇提取
采用超声波辅助提取;提取的溶剂为50%乙醇水溶液,提取条件组合为:以质量比计,料液比为1:40-60,提取时控制温度60-70℃,提取时间40-60min;
然后过滤或者离心,弃去残渣,得到黄棕色提取液;
3)回收乙醇
将得到黄棕色提取液浓缩,蒸发回收乙醇,得到木槿提取水溶液;
4)大孔树脂纯化
将得到木槿提取水溶液,过DM130树脂层析柱,结束后用清水压、冲洗树脂,除去杂质;再用60%的乙醇水溶液洗脱;收集洗脱液;
5)浓缩、干燥
将收集到的洗脱液浓缩得到浓缩液;将浓缩液进一步干燥,得到木槿叶提取物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤2)中所述提取条件组合为:温度70℃、配料比为1:50、乙醇水溶液浓度为50%、提取时间为50min。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤4)中所述层析柱规格是φ1.4cm×20cm,提取液在树脂中的流速为每秒滴液体2~3滴;用60%的乙醇水溶液洗脱,流速为每秒滴液体2~3滴。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤5)中所述木槿叶提取物总酚含量为12.0%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法所得到的木槿叶提取物。
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Application publication date: 20161207 Assignee: Guilin Xinjiatianxia Food Co.,Ltd. Assignor: GUILIN University OF ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY Contract record no.: X2023980046008 Denomination of invention: A Method for Preparing Hibiscus Hibiscus Leaf Extract with Strong Antioxidant Activity Granted publication date: 20190614 License type: Common License Record date: 20231108 |