CN106176261A - 用于刺激毛发生长的组合物和方法 - Google Patents

用于刺激毛发生长的组合物和方法 Download PDF

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CN106176261A
CN106176261A CN201610529287.6A CN201610529287A CN106176261A CN 106176261 A CN106176261 A CN 106176261A CN 201610529287 A CN201610529287 A CN 201610529287A CN 106176261 A CN106176261 A CN 106176261A
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bimatoprost
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J·T·特洛格登
A·萨拉马
C·P·普亚拉
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Abstract

公开了用于刺激毛发生长的组合物和方法,其中所述组合物包含式(I)表示的环戊烷庚酸、2‑环烷基或芳烷基化合物:其中虚线键表示存在或不存在双键,所述双键可以是顺式或反式构型,并且A、B、Z、X、R1和R2如本说明书中所定义;和渗透促进剂。此种组合物用于刺激人或非人动物的毛发生长。

Description

用于刺激毛发生长的组合物和方法
本申请是2010年11月5日提交的申请号为PCT/US2010/055712、发明名称为“用于刺激毛发生长的组合物和方法”的国际申请的分案申请,所述国际申请于2012年6月6日进入中国国家阶段,其申请号为201080055359.9。
相关申请
本申请要求2009年11月9日提交的美国临时申请第61/259,368号的权益,所述临时申请的全部公开内容据此以引用的方式并入本文。
发明领域
本文公开了用于刺激毛发生长和治疗由毛发脱落引起的病症的组合物和方法,其中所述组合物包含式I表示的环戊烷庚酸、2-环烷基或芳烷基化合物:
其中虚线键表示存在或不存在双键,所述双键可以是顺式或反式构型,并且A、B、Z、X、R1和R2如本说明书中所定义;和渗透促进剂。此类组合物是用于刺激人或非人动物的毛发生长。
发明背景
皮肤病学家确认了许多不同类型的毛发脱落,最常见的是“脱发症”或“秃发”,其中人(大多数是男性)的脱发是从鬓角和头顶开始。然而,毛发脱落可能是由许多其它的病症引起。
毛发脱落常常伴有毛发生长周期的变化。所有哺乳动物的毛发都经历包括生长期、退化期和休止期在内的生命周期。生长期是活跃的毛发生长期。在头皮上,这个时期会持续3-5年。退化期是在生长期和休止期之间短暂的1-2周过渡期。最后的休止期被视为所有生长都停止的“休眠期”。这个时期也相对短暂,持续约3-4月,之后毛发脱落而新毛发开始生长。随着秃发的发病,休止期毛发的比例逐渐变大,而活跃生长期毛发的比例则相应地变少。
另外,存在不同类型的毛发,包括终毛、毫毛和经过修整的终毛。终毛是粗糙、有色素的长毛,其中毛囊球位于真皮深处。另一方面,毫毛是细而薄的无色素的短毛,其中毛球位于真皮表面。经过修整的终毛见于睫毛和眉毛。随着脱发症的进展,将会发生转变,其中毛发自身的类型从终毛转变成毫毛。因此,脱发症(秃发)也包括终毛的缺少。
脱发症的一种非药物治疗是毛发移植。将含有毛发的皮肤塞填体从毛发正生长的头皮区域移植到光秃区域。虽然这种方法相当成功,但是成本高、耗时且造成疼痛。治疗脱发症的其它非药物相关方法包括紫外线辐射、按摩、精神病治疗和运动疗法。然而,这些方法的有效性都没有被普遍接受。甚至诸如血管重建手术或针刺疗法的方法即使有效果,也很小。
发明概要
本文公开了用于局部敷用有效量的至少一种渗透促进剂和式I表示的环戊烷庚酸、2-环烷基或芳烷基化合物的组合物和方法:
其中虚线键表示存在或不存在双键,所述双键可以是顺式或反式构型,A为具有2至6个碳原子的亚烷基或亚烯基,所述基团可由一个或多个氧代基中断并且可由一个或多个羟基、氧代基、烷氧基或烷羧基取代,其中所述烷基包含1至6个碳原子;B为具有3至7个碳原子的环烷基,或芳基,选自由氢、具有4至10个碳原子的低级烷基组成的组,其中杂原子选自由氮、氧和硫原子组成的组;X为--N(R4)2,其中R4选自由氢、具有1至6个碳原子的低级烷基、组成的组,其中R5为具有1至6个碳原子的低级烷基;Z为=O;R1和R2中的一个为=O、--OH或--O(CO)R6基团,而另一个为--OH或--O(CO)R6,或者R1为=O并且R2为H,其中R6为具有1至约20个碳原子的饱和或不饱和无环烃基,或--(CH2)mR7,其中m为0或为1至10的整数,并且R7为具有3至7个碳原子的环烷基,或烃基芳基或杂芳基,如上文所定义,所述化合物是游离形式或其药学上可接受的盐,与渗透促进剂在适于局部敷用于哺乳动物皮肤上的特定制剂中结合。
在一个实施方案中,式I表示的环戊烷庚酸、2-环烷基或芳烷基化合物是化合物比马前列素(bimatoprost)。
另一个实施方案包括的组合物包含浓度约0.001-1.5%w/w、0.01-1.0%w/w、0.02-1.0%w/w、0.03%w/w至约1.0%w/w、0.03-0.9%w/w、0.04-0.8%w/w、0.05-0.7%w/w、0.06%-0.6%w/w、0.07%-0.5%w/w、0.08-0.4%w/w、0.09-0.3%w/w、0.1%w/w、0.2%w/w、0.3%w/w、0.4%w/w、0.5%w/w、0.6%w/w、0.7%w/w、0.8%w/w、0.9%w/w和1.0%w/w的比马前列素。也可以包括下列赋形剂∶浓度约0.05-1.0%w/w的卡波姆(Carbomer)、浓度约0.01%w/w至约2.0%w/w的碱、浓度约10%w/w至约90%w/w的乙醇、浓度约1.0%w/w至约20%w/w的甘油、浓度约1.0%w/w至约50%w/w的二乙二醇单乙醚、浓度约0.1%w/w至约5.0%w/w的聚山梨醇酯20、浓度约0.1%w/w至约5.0%w/w的聚山梨醇酯40、浓度约0.1%w/w至约5.0%w/w的聚山梨醇酯60、浓度约0.1%w/w至约5.0%w/w的聚山梨醇酯80、浓度约0.1%w/w至约5.0%w/w的PPG-5鲸蜡醇聚醚-20、浓度约0.1%w/w至约5.0%w/w的油酸、浓度约0.1%w/w至约10%w/w的异硬脂醇异硬脂酸酯、浓度约0.1%w/w至约10%w/w的肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、浓度约1%w/w至约50%w/w的二丙二醇二甲醚、浓度约1%w/w至约50%w/w的二乙二醇、浓度约1%w/w至约50%w/w的二丙二醇、浓度约0.1%w/w至约10%w/w的辛酸/癸酸、浓度约0.1%w/w至约2.0%w/w的苯甲醇、浓度约0.1%w/w至约10%w/w的硅树脂,和/或浓度约0%w/w至约90%w/w的水。
另一个实施方案包括的组合物包含约0.1%w/w的比马前列素、约0.10%w/w的卡波姆、约0.035%w/w的NaOH、约15.0%w/w的乙醇、约10.0%w/w的二乙二醇单乙醚和约74.8%w/w的水。
另一个实施方案包括的组合物包含约0.1%w/w的比马前列素、约0.15%w/w的卡波姆、约0.22%w/w的三乙胺(TEA)、约15.0%w/w的乙醇、约10.0%w/w的二乙二醇单乙醚、约4.0%w/w的聚山梨醇酯20和约70.5%w/w的水。
另一个实施方案包括的组合物包含约0.1%w/w的比马前列素、约0.125%w/w的卡波姆、约0.18%w/w的TEA、约30.0%w/w的乙醇、约20.0%w/w的二乙二醇单乙醚和约49.59%w/w的水。
另一个实施方案包括的组合物包含约0.1%w/w的比马前列素、约0.10%w/w的卡波姆、约0.15%w/w的TEA、约30.0%w/w的乙醇、约20%w/w的丙二醇和约49.7%w/w的水。
另一个实施方案包括的组合物包含约0.1%w/w的比马前列素、约0.20%w/w的卡波姆、约0.22%w/w的TEA、约60.0%w/w的乙醇、约5.0%w/w的甘油和约34.48%w/w的水。
另一个实施方案包括的组合物包含约0.1%w/w的比马前列素、约0.25%w/w的卡波姆、约0.38%w/w的TEA、约60.0%w/w的乙醇、约4.0%w/w的聚山梨醇酯20和约35.27%w/w的水。
另一个实施方案包括的组合物包含约0.1%w/w的比马前列素、约0.25%w/w的卡波姆、约0.38%w/w的TEA、约50.0%w/w的乙醇、约10%w/w的二乙二醇单乙醚、约4.0%w/w的聚山梨醇酯20和约35.27%w/w的水。
所述组合物是采用下列一般程序制备。在烧杯中合并非水组分(例如,比马前列素、乙醇、乙二醇),并使用螺旋桨式顶置混合器搅拌直至溶液变澄清。将水加入所述非水混合物中,接着加入增稠剂。在分散增稠剂后,加入碱来中和该聚合物从而使溶液稠化为凝胶,即所需的组合物。
详细说明
比马前列素是旨在用于局部递送到皮肤上从而刺激毛发生长的可溶性适度的化合物。毛发生长包括而不限于刺激毫毛转化而生长成为终毛以及增大终毛的生长速率。本文所公开的实施方案提供了包含比马前列素和类似化合物以及渗透促进剂的制剂。这些渗透促进剂有助于活性组分渗透和/或维持其在皮肤中的作用部位。本文所公开的制剂可以自身防腐或者含有如苯甲醇的抗微生物剂。
根据本文所公开的实施方案,活性组分由下式表示:
所述活性组分提供在包括渗透促进剂的特定制剂中。可用于实践本文所公开的实施方案的代表性化合物的一些实例包括表1中示出的化合物:
表1.代表性化合物
在一个实施方案中,化合物是式II表示的环戊烷庚酸、2-(苯基烷基或苯氧基烷基),或其药学上可接受的盐:
其中y为0或1,x为0或1并且x和y不同时为1,Y选自由烷基,卤素(例如氟、氯等),硝基,氨基,硫醇,羟基,烷氧基,烷羧基,卤素取代的烷基等组成的组,其中所述烷基包含1至6个碳原子,并且n为0或者1至3的整数,并且R3为=O、--OH或--O(CO)R6,其中R6如上文所定义。
在另一个实施方案中,化合物是式III化合物:
其中阴影线表示α构型,实心三角形用于表示β构型。在另一个实施方案中,y为1并且x为0,并且R1、R2和R3为羟基。
一种示例性化合物是环戊烷N-乙基庚酰胺-5-顺式-2-(3α-羟基-5-苯基-1-反式-戊烯基)-3,5-二羟基,[1α,2β,3α,5α],也称为比马前列素,由美国加利福尼亚州Allergan有限公司以商品名销售。这种化合物具有以下结构:
上述化合物的合成已公开在美国专利第5,607,978号中,所述专利的全文以引用的方式并入。
活性化合物的有效量可以由本领域普通技术人员判定,但将取决于所采用化合物、敷用频率和期望的结果而有所不同。化合物在组合物中的浓度范围一般为约1×10-7%w/w至约50%w/w,在一个实施方案中为约0.001%w/w至约50%w/w,而在另一个实施方案中为约0.1%w/w至约30%w/w。也包括约10-50%w/w、约20-50%w/w、约30-40%w/w内的范围以及约35%。
本文所公开的药物制剂可以包括一种或多种渗透促进剂。短语“渗透促进剂”包括有助于活性组分转移到其作用部位或将活性组分维持在其作用部位的任何试剂。合适的渗透促进剂类别的非限制性实例包括醇、二醇、脂肪酸、醚、酯、闭塞剂和表面活性剂。这些类别的代表性实例在下文给出。
在一个实施方案中,醇包括而不限于乙醇、丙醇、N-丙醇、异丙醇、丁醇、辛醇、苯甲醇和乙酰基醇(acetyl alcohol),如美国专利第5,789,244号中描述的,所述专利的全部内容以引用的方式并入本文。脂肪醇包括(例如)硬脂醇和油醇。
二醇包括而不限于甘油、丙二醇、聚乙二醇和其它低分子量二醇,如丙三醇和硫代丙三醇。
脂肪酸、酯和醚包括而不限于油酸、棕榈油酸、直链C4-C20饱和单羧酸和二羧酸、辛酸和癸酸、月桂酸甲酯、油酸乙酯、单月桂酸聚乙二醇酯、单月桂酸丙二醇酯、二月桂酸亚丙基丙三醇酯(propylene glycerol dilaurate)、单月桂酸丙三醇酯、单油酸丙三醇酯、正癸酸异丙酯、肉豆蔻酸辛基十二酯、二乙二醇单乙醚、二乙二醇单甲醚,和其中C2-C4烷烃二醇或三醇由一个或两个脂肪族醚取代基取代的化合物。
闭塞剂包括而不限于硅树脂、矿物油和油脂、长链酸、动物脂肪和油脂、植物脂肪和油脂、不溶于水的聚合物、石蜡、石蜡油、液体石蜡、矿脂、液体矿脂、白矿脂、黄矿脂、微晶蜡以及纯地蜡。
表面活性剂包括而不限于聚山梨醇酯20、40、60和80,(20、40、60、80),(231、182、184),十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS),卵磷脂,溶血卵磷脂,壬基苯氧基聚氧乙烯,溶血磷脂酰胆碱,聚乙二醇400,聚氧乙烯醚,聚二醇醚表面活性剂,DMSO,月桂酸钠,月桂基硫酸钠,鲸蜡烷三甲基溴化铵,和苯扎氯铵。
另外的渗透促进剂是局部药物递送领域的普通技术人员已知的,和/或描述在相关文本和文献中。
本文所公开的实施方案还可以包括增粘剂。合适的试剂包括而不限于甲基纤维素、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、透明质酸和硫酸软骨素。
本文所公开的某些实施方案可以包括防腐剂,包括而不限于苯甲醇、苯扎氯铵、洗必泰(chlorhexidine)、氯丁醇、甲基对羟基苯甲酸、丙基对羟基苯甲酸或丁基对羟基苯甲酸、苯基汞盐,所述苯基汞盐包括而不限于硝酸盐、盐酸盐、醋酸盐,以及硼酸盐和内铵盐。
除了上文列出的这些试剂之外,本发明组合物还可以包括各种其它添加剂。这些添加剂包括而不限于抗氧化剂、收敛剂、香料、润肤剂、颜料、染料、湿润剂、抛射剂、防晒剂,以及其存在可能是美容学、医学或其它方面所希望的其它类别的物质。所述组合物和制剂也可以与米诺地尔(minoxidil)和保法止(propecia)联用。
组合物也可以配制成“缓释”制剂,以便活性组分的活性在各治疗之间持续较长的时间。
虽然本文所公开的特定实施方案可以包括上文讨论的组分中的每一种,但可要求其它特定实施方案“实质上不含”各种组合中的这些组分中的一种或多种。本文所用的“实质上不含”是指不将组分加入制剂中并且组分的存在量不能大于约1%w/w。
虽然不限制前述段落的明确排除情况的范围,但本文所公开的特定实施方案可以实质上不含下列物质中的一种或多种:比马前列素、卡波姆、NaOH、TEA、乙醇、甘油、二乙二醇、乙醚、丙二醇、聚山梨醇酯20、聚山梨醇酯40、聚山梨醇酯60、聚山梨醇酯80、PPG-5鲸蜡醇聚醚-20、油酸、异硬脂醇异硬脂酸酯、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、二丙二醇二甲醚、二乙二醇、二丙二醇、甘油三酯、辛酸/癸酸、苯甲醇、硅树脂和水。
本文所述制剂的所有组分的含量都是皮肤病学上可接受的。本文所用的“皮肤病学上可接受的”是指组合物或其组分适用于与人皮肤接触,而不会引起不适当的毒性、不相容性、不稳定性、过敏反应等。本文所用的应用于活性剂和赋形剂的术语“约”是指视为生物等价的浓度的变化值。
本文所公开的实施方案可应用于哺乳动物物种,包括人和动物。在人中,本文所公开的实施方案的化合物可以敷用于(而不限于)头皮、面部、胡须、头部、耻骨区、上唇、眉毛和眼皮。本发明组合物可以用于治疗各种毛发脱落病症,包括但不限于斑秃、休止期脱发、生长期脱发、瘢痕性秃发和疤痕性秃发;毛干异常症,如结节性脆发病、生长期毛发松动综合征、拔毛癖和牵引性秃发;传染性毛发病症,如发癣、脂溢性皮炎和头皮毛囊炎;遗传性病症,如雄激素性脱发症以及由于以下原因而患上毛发脱落的患者:化疗,荷尔蒙失衡(例如,甲状腺病状,如甲状腺功能减退症和甲状腺功能亢进症、怀孕、分娩、避孕丸停用和月经周期变化),如轮癣的头皮真菌感染,如阻凝剂的引起毛发脱落的药物,用于痛风症、抑郁症、高血压和某些心脏药物治疗的药物。本发明制剂可以用于治疗与如糖尿病、狼疮和营养不良,以及诸如因手术、疾病和高烧引起的心理和生理应激有关的毛发脱落的其它疾病。环境因素和用于毛发处理(染色、着色和漂白)的化学药品。
对于为了获取其毛皮而饲养的动物,例如貂,出于商业原因可以将所述制剂敷用于动物身体的整个表面上从而改善整体毛皮。该过程也可以出于美容原因而用于动物,例如,施用于具有由导致一定程度的脱发症的兽疥癣或其它疾病所造成的秃斑的犬类和猫类的皮肤上。
本发明组合物和方法可以适用于患有毛发脱落的患者或仅想要加快身体任何部位毛发生长的健康患者。
本文所公开的组合物是配制用于局部给药。本文所用的术语“局部施用”包括将本文所描述的制剂敷用于外皮或毛发上。所述敷用一般是在期望毛发生长的区域中或附近进行。
因此,合适的制剂或组合物种类包括而不限于溶液、凝胶、膏剂、泡沫剂、膜剂、搽剂、霜剂、香波、洗剂、糊剂、凝胶剂、喷雾剂和气溶胶。此类制剂种类可以在长条(swath)、贴片、施药器中敷用或者通过使用浸渍敷料敷用,这取决于待治疗身体的状况和部位。
通常,将本文所描述的制剂重复敷用到待治疗身体部位上,持续一段时间。在特定实施方案中,本文所公开的制剂可以包括每日敷用一次或多次、每周敷用一次或多次、每月敷用一次或多次或者每年敷用一次或多次,持续至少一天、至少一周、至少一个月、至少一年的治疗期或者直至治疗已实现所需的结果或者实现并维持所需的结果。
本文所公开的制剂将以安全和有效量给药。本文所用的“安全和有效量”包括足以使组合物以伴随任何医学治疗的合理利益/风险比例提供所需的毛发生长刺激效果的量。在合理的医学判断范围内,所使用活性组分的量可随以下改变:所治疗的特定病状、病状严重性、病状的原因、治疗的持续时间、所采用的特定活性组分及其浓度、所利用的特定媒介物、患者的总体健康状况、患者对给药的各种效果的耐受性、正对患者施用的其它药物,以及在患者或主治医师特定知识及专业学识之内的类似因素。
对于每日给药来说,合适的剂量可以包括而不限于每日约0.1ng至约100mg、每日约1ng至约10mg,或者在另一个实施方案中为每日约10ng至约1mg。
一些组分的非限制性实例以及它们的合适的浓度范围和功能在下表1中给出。非限制性制剂或组合物的特定实例在表2中给出。
表1:示例组分以及功能和浓度范围
表2:示例组合物
实施例I
比马前列素头发生长凝胶组合物的制备
称取乙醇放入装配用于混合的合适的介质瓶中,然后向乙醇中加入比马前列素,并以中等速度搅拌直至比马前列素溶解。在单独的混合罐的注射用水中,加入甘油、二乙二醇单乙醚和丙二醇并加以混合直至溶剂分散。然后将乙醇/比马前列素溶液加入到所述水混合物中并混合直至组分均匀混合(混合约5分钟)。向上述混合物中加入卡波姆增稠剂并混合直至充分分散,一旦分散,就立即加入碱来使溶液稠化为凝胶。根据上述方法制备的代表性制剂在下表3中给出。
表3.比马前列素头发生长局部用凝胶制剂
实施例II.体内治疗
开展研究以系统地评价施用表3中的比马前列素凝胶制剂的头皮上毛发和眉毛的外观。研究涉及10位受试者,即5位男性、5位女性,平均年龄70岁(范围是50-94岁)。每日通过由表3中的0.3%w/w比马前列素制剂局部敷用比马前列素来治疗每位受试者。
研究限于已施用比马前列素多于3个月的受试者。在评估对照和研究眼(eye)之间毛发或眉毛生长的参数之前,暴露于0.3%w/w比马前列素凝胶制剂的平均持续时间为129天(范围是90-254天)。在裂隙灯生物显微镜下用高倍率进行观察。利用特别适用于裂隙灯生物显微镜的照相机记录对照区域和治疗区域之间的差异。
观察结果如下:
毛发和眉毛的长度:定期观察到两个组的毛发长度都增加。长度差异在大约10%至多达30%之间变化。
毛发和眉毛数目:观察到每位患者头皮上的毛发和眉毛数目增多。毛发和眉毛数目的差异在大约5%至多达30%之间变化。不论是否统计学显著,含有渗透促进剂的比马前列素都将比不含渗透促进剂的比马前列素具有更好和/或更快的成效。
前述观察结果得出:0.03%w/w比马前列素组合物渗透皮肤并使毛发生长。
实施例III.局部霜剂
0.2%w/w的比马前列素局部霜剂制备如下:在70-80℃下使Tegacid和鲸蜡熔化在一起。将对羟基苯甲酸甲酯溶解在约500gm水中,并依次加入丙二醇、聚山梨醇酯80、比马前列素和渗透促进剂,将温度维持在75-80℃。在不断搅拌下将对羟基苯甲酸甲酯混合物缓慢加入Tegacid和鲸蜡的熔化物中。该添加操作持续至少30分钟,再进行搅拌直至温度下降到40-45℃。最后,加入足够的水从而使最终重量达到1000gm,并搅拌制得物以保持均匀直至冷却和凝结。
实施例IV.局部霜剂
0.1%w/w的比马前列素局部霜剂制备如下:在70-80℃下使Tegacid和鲸蜡熔化在一起。将对羟基苯甲酸甲酯溶解在水中,并依次加入丙二醇、聚山梨醇酯80、比马前列素和渗透促进剂,将温度维持在75-80℃。在不断搅拌下将对羟基苯甲酸甲酯混合物缓慢加入Tegacid和鲸蜡的熔化物中。该添加操作持续至少30分钟,再进行搅拌直至温度下降到40-45℃。最后,加入足够的水从而使最终重量达到1000gm,并搅拌制得物以保持均匀直至冷却和凝结。
实施例V.局部膏剂
含有2.0%w/w比马前列素的膏剂制备如下:
将白矿脂和羊毛脂熔化、过滤,并将液体矿脂加入其中。将比马前列素、渗透促进剂、氧化锌和炉甘石(calamine)加入剩余的液体矿脂中,并碾碎该混合物直至粉末细碎并且均匀分散。将混合物搅拌混入所述白色矿脂中,使其熔化并在搅拌下冷却直至膏剂凝结。在其它变化例中,氧化锌和/或炉甘石可以省略,使得制剂实质上不含氧化锌或炉甘石。
实施例VI.膏剂
含有5%w/w比马前列素和渗透促进剂的膏剂通过向轻质液体矿脂中加入活性化合物来制备。将白色矿脂与羊毛脂熔化在一起,过滤,并将温度调节至45-50℃。加入液体矿脂浆液,并进行搅拌直至膏剂凝结。所述膏剂可以包装在30gm管中。
实施例VII.喷雾制剂
含有0.03%w/w比马前列素和渗透促进剂的水性喷雾制剂制备如下。将比马前列素和渗透促进剂溶解在水中,并对所得溶液进行过滤灭菌。将溶液无菌灌装到无菌容器中,所述容器顶部带有用于敷用的喷嘴。所述制剂如下:
表4.实施例VII的比马前列素喷雾制剂
实施例VIII.洗剂
将比马前列素样品和渗透促进剂溶解在N-甲基吡咯烷酮和丙二醇的媒介物中从而制得0.5%w/w比马前列素洗液,所述洗液用于敷用于头皮或身体其它部分上以便使毛发生长。
实施例IX.气溶胶
含有大约0.1%w/w比马前列素和渗透促进剂的气溶胶通过将比马前列素和渗透促进剂溶解在无水醇中来制备。对所得溶液进行过滤从而除去颗粒和纤维屑。将这种溶液冷冻至约-30℃。然后将二氯二氟甲烷和二氯四氟乙烷的冷冻混合物加入溶液中。将11.5gm每种所得溶液冷灌装到13ml塑料涂覆的安培瓶中,并将所述安培瓶封盖。所述气溶胶可以喷雾到头皮或身体其它部分上从而使毛发生长。
实施例X.局部用泡沫制剂
0.1%w/w比马前列素局部用泡沫制剂制备如下:将对羟基苯甲酸甲酯溶解在约500gm水中,并依次加入丙二醇、聚山梨醇酯80、比马前列素和渗透促进剂,将温度维持在75-80℃。在不断搅拌下将对羟基苯甲酸甲酯混合物缓慢加入Tegacid和鲸蜡中。该添加操作持续至少30分钟,再进行搅拌直至温度下降到40-45℃。最后,加入足够的水从而使最终重量达到1000gm,并搅拌制得物以保持均匀直至冷却和凝结。
以与实施例X中教导的方式相似的方式制备的表V中的替代泡沫制剂如下:
实施例XI.喷粉剂
化合物比马前列素和渗透促进剂的粉剂通过将它们的干燥形式和滑石粉以1∶1∶10的重量/重量比混合来制备。
实施例XII.相关化合物
按照前述实施例的程序,用等摩尔量的表1所列化合物代替前述实施例中公开的比马前列素类似地制备组合物。
除非另有说明,否则本说明书和权利要求书中使用的表示成分的数量、性质如分子量、反应条件等的所有数字应理解为在所有情况下都由术语“约”修饰。“约”是指根据FDA和其它监管视为生物等价的赋形剂浓度和赋形剂类型的变化值。
实施例XIII
一位因斑秃而患上毛发脱落的44岁白种男性每日在睡前敷用一次表3中的0.1%w/w比马前列素组合物,持续6个月。敷用3个月后,受试者将会注意到之前没有毛发的地方有新毛发生长,并且老毛发毛囊变暗。通过高倍率下的裂隙灯生物显微镜和通过计算机辅助的图像分析观察新毛发生长。利用特别适用于裂隙灯生物显微镜的照相机记录对照区域和治疗区域之间的差异。
实施例XIV
一位因雄激素性脱发症而罹患男性型秃发的37岁西班牙男性每日在毛发明显变稀少的区域中敷用两次表3中的0.2%w/w比马前列素组合物。敷用63天后,将会注意到毛发生长增快,以及新毛发生长,如通过高倍率下的裂隙灯生物显微镜和通过计算机辅助的图像分析测得。在观察到令人满意的水平的毛发生长后,该患者仅每周敷用两次该0.2%w/w比马前列素组合物。
实施例XV
一位29岁白种健康女性希望有更浓密的毛发以及更多毛发生长,尽管并没有被医生诊断出疾病或毛发脱落病状。患者将每日敷用一次表3中的0.3%w/w比马前列素组合物,直至在使用大约三个月之后观察到更多毛发生长。该患者继续每周敷用一次所述组合物以维持增快的毛发生长。
实施例XVI
一位被诊断患有毛囊退化综合征和相关毛发脱落症的35岁美国黑人男性将敷用表3中的0.03%w/w比马前列素组合物。每日敷用组合物两次,早晨淋浴之后一次,晚上一次。敷用46天后,将会注意到毛发生长增快和毛囊退化综合征的症状减轻。该患者再继续敷用6个月。

Claims (21)

1.一种用于通过局部敷用使毛发生长的组合物,其包含:
至少一种渗透促进剂;和
0.01%至5%w/w的比马前列素;
其中所述组合物经配制用于局部施用于所述皮肤;
其中所述至少一种渗透促进剂包括选自丙二醇、二乙二醇单醚、乙醇和甘油的化合物,并且还包括选自苯甲醇、油酸和单油酸丙三醇酯的化合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述渗透促进剂包括至少两种化合物,所述至少两种化合物选自由丙二醇、二乙二醇单醚、乙醇和甘油组成的组。
3.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述渗透促进剂由下列化合物组成:丙二醇、二乙二醇单醚、乙醇、甘油、苯甲醇、油酸和单油酸丙三醇酯。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述二乙二醇单醚为二乙二醇单乙醚。
5.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其包含0.03%至5%w/w的比马前列素。
6.根据权利要求5所述的组合物,其中所述组合物包含0.3%w/w的比马前列素。
7.根据权利要求5所述的组合物,其中所述组合物包含1%w/w的比马前列素。
8.根据权利要求5所述的组合物,其中所述组合物包含2%w/w的比马前列素。
9.根据权利要求5所述的组合物,其中所述组合物呈选自由溶液、凝胶、膏剂、泡沫剂、膜剂、搽剂、霜剂、香波、洗剂、糊剂、凝胶剂、喷雾剂和气溶胶组成的组的一种形式。
10.根据权利要求9所述的组合物,其中所述组合物与用于敷用于所述皮肤的施药器一起包装在试剂盒中。
11.组合物在制备用于刺激毛发生长的药物中的用途,其中所述组合物包含:
至少一种渗透促进剂;和
比马前列素;
其中所述药物经配制用于局部施用于所述皮肤;
其中所述至少一种渗透促进剂包括选自丙二醇、二乙二醇单醚、乙醇和甘油的化合物,并且还包括选自苯甲醇、油酸和单油酸丙三醇酯的化合物。
12.根据权利要求11所述的用途,其中所述组合物包含约0.03%w/w至约5%w/w浓度的比马前列素。
13.根据权利要求11所述的用途,其中所述渗透促进剂包括至少两种化合物,所述至少两种化合物选自由丙二醇、二乙二醇单醚、乙醇和甘油组成的组。
14.根据权利要求11所述的用途,其中所述渗透促进剂由下列化合物组成:丙二醇、二乙二醇单醚、乙醇、甘油、苯甲醇、油酸和单油酸丙三醇酯。
15.根据权利要求11-14中任一项所述的用途,其中所述二乙二醇单醚为二乙二醇单乙醚。
16.根据权利要求11所述的用途,其中所述组合物包含0.3%w/w的比马前列素。
17.根据权利要求11所述的用途,所述组合物包含1%w/w的比马前列素。
18.根据权利要求11所述的用途,其中所述组合物包含2%w/w的比马前列素。
19.根据权利要求11所述的用途,其中将所述药物每日敷用于所述头皮上至少一次。
20.根据权利要求11所述的用途,其中将所述药物每日敷用于所述头皮上至少一次,以治疗选自由以下组成的组的下列病状中的一种:斑秃、休止期脱发、生长期脱发、瘢痕性秃发、疤痕性秃发;毛干异常症、结节性脆发病、生长期毛发松动综合征、拔毛癖、牵引性秃发;传染性毛发病症、发癣、脂溢性皮炎、头皮毛囊炎和雄激素性秃发。
21.根据权利要求11所述的用途,其中将所述药物一天至少一次敷用于由于以下原因而患上毛发脱落的患者头皮和眉毛上:化疗,荷尔蒙失衡,头皮真菌感染,阻凝剂,用于痛风症、抑郁症、高血压和心脏病的药物。
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