CN106161011A - A kind of plug and play quantum key dissemination system based on coding time phase and method and transmitting terminal and receiving terminal - Google Patents
A kind of plug and play quantum key dissemination system based on coding time phase and method and transmitting terminal and receiving terminal Download PDFInfo
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- CN106161011A CN106161011A CN201610700278.9A CN201610700278A CN106161011A CN 106161011 A CN106161011 A CN 106161011A CN 201610700278 A CN201610700278 A CN 201610700278A CN 106161011 A CN106161011 A CN 106161011A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0819—Key transport or distribution, i.e. key establishment techniques where one party creates or otherwise obtains a secret value, and securely transfers it to the other(s)
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
- H04L9/0858—Details about key distillation or coding, e.g. reconciliation, error correction, privacy amplification, polarisation coding or phase coding
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of plug and play quantum key distribution system based on coding time phase and method and transmitting terminal and receiving terminal.Wherein plug and play quantum key distribution system, the transmitting terminal connected including mutual light and receiving terminal, coding module in transmitting terminal includes Z basic vector time encoding module and the phase code module that optical signal carries out coded treatment with any order, and wherein phase code module is X basic vector phase code module；Decoder module in receiving terminal adapts with described coding module.Plug and play quantum key distribution method of the present invention, it is included in Alice end receive and reflect after the optical signal of Bob end, carrying out Z basic vector time encoding and phase code, retransmit to Bob end and be decoded and detect, described wherein phase code is X basic vector phase code.Coding time phase after the present invention uses improvement can realize the encoding and decoding of superelevation contrast and improves into code check.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to quantum key distribution field, particularly to a kind of based on time m-phase code plug and play amount
Quantum key distribution system.
Background technology
Quantum secret communication is as the novel research combined with quantum mechanics, electronic information science and computer technology
Field, has enjoyed the concern of people from all walks of life.In order to ensure the safe transmission of data, between user, must assure that safe key is handed over
Change.Nowadays, quantum key distribution has become as the effective way being carried out the key distribution being perfectly safe by public passage.With
The secrecy principle of traditional classical cryptographic communication is different, quantum key distribution utilize quantum-mechanical ultimate principle as support,
Such as Heisenberg uncertainty principle, quantum non-clone principle etc., it is achieved the random key of unconditional security is shared.
The transmission medium fields such as many QKD equipment can be operated in free space or optical fiber, planar optical waveguide.QKD system
Including producing light source, coding and decoding, detection, data acquisition extraction, Data Post etc..In optical fiber QKD system, generally use
Polarization encoder and two kinds of coding forms of phase code.Under long range propagation, phase code QKD stability is compared to polarization encoder
QKD system stability is higher, and phase code is than polarization encoder more advantage.Phase code QKD system generally uses unequal arm horse
Conspicuous Zehnder interferometer builds or uses 90 degree of unequal arm Michelson's interferometers rotating faraday's reflecting mirror to build.
Generally in the quantum channel that unequal arm Mach-Zehnder interferometer is constituted, preferably interfere contrast for obtaining,
Asking two Mach-Zehnder interferometers the most symmetrical, this is extremely difficult in practical operation, therefore Gisin et al. proposed in 1997 years
" plug and play " type experimental program, (document: Muller A, Herzog T, HuttnerB, etal. " plug and play "
systems forquantum cryptography[J].Applied physics Letters,1997,70:793-795)。
The program mainly uses three 90 degree to rotate faraday's reflecting mirror, and light-pulse generator is divided into two-way through bonder, and light pulse is at three
90 degree rotate roundtrip in faraday's reflecting mirror, and through all light paths once, polarization is compensated automatically, disappears in each light pulse
Except influence of fiber birefringence.The operating frequency of this system reaches 1KHZ, and when improving operating frequency, the bit error rate also raises.For solving
This difficult problem, it is thus achieved that higher key production rate, " plug and play " type experimental program was carried out again by Gisin et al. in 1998
Improve (document: Ribordy G, Gautier J D, Gisin N, et al.Automated " plug and play " quantum
Key distribution [J] .Electronics Letters, 1998,34:2116 2117).Main employing one
Arm Mach-Zehnder interferometer and one 90 degree rotation faraday's reflecting mirrors constitute reciprocation type light path.Main application 90 degree rotates farad
Incident illumination is reflected by reflecting mirror, and it polarizes just 90-degree rotation, thus optical fiber two-fold when overcoming long-distance transmissions
Penetrate the polarization drift that effect is brought.90 degree rotate faraday's reflecting mirror and unequal arm Mach-Zehnder interferometer composition reciprocation type simultaneously
Loop, it is achieved thereby that the auto-compensation of phase place.
See Fig. 1, this phase code quantum key distribution system, including mutual light connect transmitting terminal (Alice end) and
Receiving terminal (Bob end), wherein all devices and the optical fiber of Bob end is all that guarantor is inclined, the light-pulse generator of light source module in Bob end
100 launch linear polarizations light pulses, through circulator 101 enter bonder 107 and be divided into two bundle horizontal polarization light pulses (| H
>), two-beam pulse is respectively through the long-armed and galianconism in unequal arm intervention module, wherein through long-armed light pulse A through phase place
Manipulator 106 process after by protecting with the output of vertical polarization light pulse (| V >) form after inclined polarization beam apparatus 105 reflects, through too short
The light pulse B of arm directly with horizontal polarization light pulse (| H >) form by protecting inclined polarization beam apparatus 105 transmission output.Protect and wilfully shake
The effect of beam splitter is can the horizontal polarization light pulse of a road reflection end (| H >) to be forwarded in vertical polarization light pulse (| V >)
Transmission or vertical polarization light pulse (| V >) is forwarded to horizontal polarization light pulse (| H >) upper transmission.
Two-beam pulse throughput subchannel 102 arrives 90 degree of rotation faraday's reflecting mirrors 103 of Alice end, is reflected
Rear two-beam arteries and veins polarization direction 90-degree rotation respectively.
Light pulse A is transmitted into bonder for horizontal polarization light pulse (| H >) through protecting inclined polarization beam apparatus 105 after reflection
107；Become vertical polarization light pulse (| V >) after light pulse B reflection to process through the phase-modulator 104 of transmitting terminal coding module
After, become the light arteries and veins after horizontal polarization light pulse (| H >) enters bonder 107 and reflection through protecting the reflection of inclined polarization beam apparatus 105
Rush A to interfere；Single-photon detector 108 and single-photon detector 109 is arrived separately at according to interference information difference.
This system needs to add phase-modulator in the measurement part of receiving terminal, is used for selecting X to measure basic vector or Y measures base
Vowing, the phase-modulator added can bring extra insertion loss to reduce into code check, and device itself there is also intrinsic problem, leads
Cause to interfere contrast not high enough, reduce into code check.
Chinese patent ZL200610170557.5 proposes use a pair unequal arm based on four port polarization beam splitters
Faraday's Michelson's interferometer realizes the quantum key distribution of the phase code of Polarization Control, Polarization Detection.Above-mentioned patent
Using sender and recipient to use a pair that is a pair unequal arm interferometer of encoding/decoding device one to one, this just requires to lead to
The arm length difference (the long-armed difference with galianconism) of letter both sides' unequal arm interferometer is equal, but existing technique and external environment impact,
It is difficult to accomplish to ensure two unequal arm Mach-Zehnder interferometer arm length difference phase stabilizations for a long time.
In sum, prior art is primarily present following problem:
The phase code QKD system of the most existing unequal arm Mach-Zehnder interferometer requires communicating pair unequal arm Mach Zeng De
The arm length difference (the long-armed difference with galianconism) of interferometer is equal.But existing technique and external environment impact, when being difficult to accomplish long
Between ensure two unequal arm Mach-Zehnder interferometer arm length difference phase stabilizations.
The most existing phase code system needs to add phase-modulator in the measurement part of receiving terminal, brings extra declining
Subtract, reduce into code check.
The most existing phase code system needs to produce the selection actively controlling at a high speed non-equilibrium basic vector with dynamoelectric signal, thus
Affect the repetition rate of system and the accurately modulation of phase place and reduce into code check.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides the transmitting terminal of a kind of quantum key distribution system, uses the time m-phase place of improvement to compile in transmitting terminal
Code mode improves into code check, can simplify the hardware requirement of Bob end decoding process accordingly.
A kind of based on time m-phase code the transmitting terminal of plug and play quantum key dissemination system, including for being formed
90 degree of reflected light path rotate faraday's reflecting mirrors and are arranged in coding module on reflected light path, and it is right that described coding module includes
Optical signal carries out Z basic vector time encoding module and the phase code module of corresponding encoded process, and described phase code module is X base
Vow phase code module.
The present invention will based on time m-PE system be combined in plug and play system, for coding module send
The circuit part of control signal can use existing hardware framework, during phase code, only with X basic vector phase code,
Only carry out phase code with a phase-modulator at transmitting terminal, be not provided with phase-modulator at receiving terminal, and then reduce phase place
The insertion loss that the device of manipulator itself brings, moreover, is the most also avoided that the external hardware control because of phase-modulator
Make and cause into the situation that code check is low, and then improve into code check when decoding.
As preferably, described X basic vector phase code module is phase-modulator, and described Z basic vector time encoding module is strong
Degree manipulator.
Existing hardware framework, optical system can be used itself for X basic vector phase code and Z basic vector time encoding
With coding flow process.
For the relation between Z basic vector time encoding module and phase code module, also use existing mode, i.e. encode
Time randomly choose basic vector, with the probability selection z basic vector time encoding of P, with the probability selection phase code of 1-P.The value of P according to
Actual application needs to set, and must is fulfilled for 0 ＜ P ＜ 1.
As preferably, described transmitting terminal is additionally provided with and is arranged on reflected light path in order to implement the intensity of reflected light modulation inveigled
Device.
As preferably, described intensity of reflected light manipulator rotates between faraday's reflecting mirror and coding module at 90 degree.
Intensity of reflected light manipulator is utilized to implement to inveigle the most before the coding.
Intensity of reflected light manipulator realizes the transmission of " trick state " optical signal by changing light intensity, can guarantee that single photon composition
Efficiency be not hacked person's amendment, and single photon composition is the effective one-tenth that can extract safe key in quantum key distribution system
Point.Accordingly, it is weak coherent light at light produced by the light source of receiving terminal.Described intensity of reflected light manipulator is to 90 degree of circumgyrations
The optical signal drawing reflecting mirror to be reflected back carries out intensity modulated to change the single photon composition in the light pulse exported and multi-photon
The ratio of composition.
Reflected light path initiates from 90 degree and rotates faraday's reflecting mirror, and intensity of reflected light manipulator can act on before the coding
On optical signal, it is also possible to acting on the optical signal after coding, phase-modulator and intensity modulator after coding can be according to not yet
With being arranged sequentially on reflected light path.
As preferably, described intensity of reflected light manipulator, phase-modulator and intensity modulator are sequentially arranged in reflection light
Lu Shang.
The present invention also provide for a kind of based on time m-phase code the receiving terminal of plug and play quantum key dissemination system,
Including for sending the light source of optical signal to transmitting terminal and receiving the detection decoder module from transmitting terminal coded light signal, institute
State decoder module and include optical signal is carried out Z basic vector time detecting module and the phase detection module of corresponding decoding process, wherein
Phase detection module is X basic vector phase detection module.
Described Z basic vector time detecting module includes:
The beam splitting module that optical signal is split after encoding transmitting terminal；And
It is connected to carry out the single-photon detector that the Z basic vector time detects with beam splitting module the first outfan；
Described phase detection module connects the second outfan of beam splitting module.
As preferably, described beam splitting module is beam splitter.
The splitting ratio of beam splitter can the most arbitrarily change.According to the indivisible characteristic of single photon pulses, real
On border, after transmitting terminal coding, optical signal only an output port output (can include the first outfan after beam splitting module from which
Mouth and the second output port), i.e. or from the first outfan export, or from the second outfan output, and due to splitting ratio not
With, the most different from the probability of different output port outputs.
After transmitting terminal coding, optical signal enters corresponding detection after beam splitting module after different output port output
Device, now enters different detectors and i.e. illustrates have selected and detect basic vector accordingly.Such as: arrive after the first output port
Carry out the single-photon detector that the Z basic vector time detects, then mean that have selected Z basic vector detects, through the second output port
Single-photon detector in rear arrival phase detection module, then mean to have selected X basic vector.
In the present invention, beam splitter is interpreted as according to optical signal direction of transfer different, can realize beam splitting or close the device of bundle,
In like manner, the first outfan, the second outfan refer to along the optical signal direction of transfer from transmitting terminal, if along receiving terminal to transmitting terminal
Optical signal direction of transfer, the second outfan also can be considered input.
Beam splitter is the optical element of fixing splitting ratio, it is not necessary to the signal of telecommunication controls, and can improve into code check further, needs
When changing splitting ratio, directly change the beam splitter of different splitting ratio.
As preferably, beam splitter exports the light energy of the light energy to single-photon detector and output to phase detection module
Unequal, the light energy such as exported to single-photon detector is more than output to the light energy of phase detection module.It is achieved in that
Non-equilibrium basic vector decodes, and is conducive to improving into code check.
Described phase detection module include the unequal arm intervention module that is arranged between beam splitting module and light source and for
The detector module of detection unequal arm intervention module output optical signal；Wherein light source, unequal arm intervention module and detector module
Light path selection is carried out by circulator between three.
Unequal arm intervention module receives another road output of beam splitting module, and circulator is mainly used in light path and selects, light
Source (is carried out, by optical circulator, the signal that Path selection makes light source send by a wherein paths when transmitting terminal sends optical signal
Light is transferred to transmitting terminal after unequal arm interferometer), receive detect from transmitting terminal launch coding after optical signal time then
(carried out, by optical circulator, the flashlight that Path selection makes receiving terminal return to pass after unequal arm interferometer by another paths
It is defeated by detector module).
Described unequal arm intervention module is that unequal arm Mach-Zehnder interferometer or unequal arm based on Michelson principle are done
Interferometer.
Optionally, the single-photon detector in detector module is two, separately detects and interferes from unequal arm
Two kinds of different result of interference of module.
As preferably, the single-photon detector in detector module is one, from two kinds of unequal arm intervention module not
With result of interference by corresponding light path element multiplexing to this same single-photon detector.
As decoder module, the optical signal that wherein unequal arm intervention module is exported, should under not having specified otherwise premise
It is interpreted as receiving after the coding of transmitting terminal transmitting after optical signal, the optical signal exported to single-photon detector.
As further preferably, the single-photon detector in described decoder module is one, the of described beam splitting module
The output of one outfan, and two kinds of different result of interference that unequal arm intervention module is exported are equal by corresponding light path element
It coupled to this same single-photon detector.Whole decoder module only one of which single-photon detector, reduce further hardware
Expense.
When described unequal arm intervention module uses unequal arm Mach-Zehnder interferometer:
Alternatively, in described unequal arm intervention module, long and short arm two ends are respectively by near circulator one
The beam splitter of side and the polarization beam apparatus away from circulator side couple, and are provided with 90 degree of polarization rotators and time delay on long-armed
Line.
Alternatively, in described unequal arm intervention module, long and short arm two ends are respectively by corresponding beam splitting
Device couples, and is provided only with delay line on long-armed.I.e. eliminate 90 degree of polarization rotators.
Two single-photon detectors in detector module are respectively the first single-photon detector and the second single-photon detector,
In the beam splitter of circulator side, wherein an outfan connects the first single-photon detector by the first detection branch road, another
Outfan connects circulator and is accessing the second single-photon detector by the second detection branch road, and another interface of circulator connects light source.
When detector module uses a single-photon detector, the first detection branch road and the output coupling of the second detection branch road
Same single-photon detector is entered after conjunction.
Such as first detection branch road is coupled into the second spy by the inclined polarization beam apparatus of guarantor (or beam splitter) after a delay line
Same single-photon detector is entered after surveying branch road, the first detection branch road and the second detection branch road coupling.In like manner, delay line can also
It is arranged on the second detection branch road, or two detection branch roads are all arranged, as long as can differentiate i.e. on the time arriving detector
Can.
When whole decoder module uses a single-photon detector, the first outfan of described beam splitting module connects the 3rd
Couple through a beam splitter and the 3rd detection branch road again after detection branch road, the first detection branch road and the second detection branch road coupling,
Article three, detection branch road enters same single-photon detector.
Described unequal arm interferometer based on Michelson principle, including the one 90 degree rotate faraday's reflecting mirror, second
90 degree rotate faraday's reflecting mirror, polarization beam apparatus, delay line and half-wave plate；And the fast axle of half-wave plate or slow-axis direction and polarization
Either polarization base in two polarization bases of beam splitter becomes 22.5 degree or-22.5 degree angles；
Wherein from the reflected light path of transmitting terminal, a road is transmitted through the one 90 degree through polarization beam apparatus, and to rotate faraday anti-
Penetrating mirror, another road is reflected through delay line through polarization beam apparatus and rotates faraday's reflecting mirror to the 2nd 90 degree, from the one 90 degree
Rotate faraday's reflecting mirror and the 2nd 90 degree of reflection light rotating faraday's reflecting mirror passes through annular after polarization beam apparatus coupling
Device enters detector module through half-wave plate, and another interface of circulator connects light source.
In this scheme, detector module includes a polarization beam apparatus and two single-photon detectors, and the output of half-wave plate is through partially
Shaking is divided into two-way to respectively enter corresponding single-photon detector after beam splitter.
The present invention also provide for a kind of based on time m-phase code plug and play quantum key dissemination system, including mutually
The transmitting terminal of light connection and receiving terminal, the coding module in transmitting terminal includes the Z basic vector that optical signal carries out corresponding encoded process
Time encoding module and phase code module, wherein phase code module is X basic vector phase code module；Decoding in receiving terminal
Module adapts with described coding module.
In plug and play quantum key dissemination system of the present invention, the further improvement about transmitting terminal and receiving terminal all can be pressed
The transmitting terminal provided according to the present invention and receiving terminal.
The present invention also provide for a kind of based on time m-phase code plug and play quantum key distribution method, be included in send out
Sending end receives and reflects after the optical signal of receiving terminal, carries out Z basic vector time encoding or phase code, retransmits to receiving terminal
Being decoded and detect, described wherein phase code is X basic vector phase code；Receiving terminal decoding process and the coding staff of transmitting terminal
Formula adapts.
Plug and play quantum key dissemination system of the present invention uses unequal arm interferometer and one 90 degree rotation faraday anti-
Penetrating mirror to constitute toward trans loop, its principle of interference is similar with Sagnac ring.Can realize ensureing unequal arm interferometer arm for a long time
Long difference phase stabilization.Sending transmission one between recipient, back and forth, each light pulse is through all light paths in two light pulses
Once, self compensation effect is reached.So system structure is simpler, becomes code check higher.
Existing phase code system needs to add phase-modulator in the measurement part of receiving terminal, is used for selecting X or Y to measure
Basic vector, the phase-modulator added can bring extra insertion loss to reduce into code check.The present invention need not add phase at receiving terminal
Position manipulator.Use time m-phase code using Z basic vector and X basic vector as measuring basic vector, Z basic vector time encoding is mainly passed through
The random intensity to two light pulses of intensity modulator is modulated (by the intensity modulation of one of them light pulse close to 0
Vacuum state, thus realize randomly generating only first light pulse or only second light pulse, and then when realizing Z basic vector
Between encode), X basic vector coding realized by phase-modulator.
Existing phase code system needs to use signal generator to produce at a high speed and actively controls non-equilibrium base with dynamoelectric signal
The selection vowed, relatively costly, and owing to the performance of device own limits the accurate modulation of system phase, thus reduce into code check.
The present invention can change reflection light as required and enter Z basic vector time detecting module beam splitting ratio, it is not necessary to actively modulation can be real
Now measure the efficient QKD scheme of the passive non-equilibrium basic vector of end.
For interfering, contrast is not high enough, and the present invention selects Z basic vector time encoding can realize the volume solution of superelevation contrast
Code, thus improve into code check.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the principle schematic of prior art plug and play quantum key dissemination system；
Fig. 2 is the principle schematic of the plug and play quantum key dissemination system of embodiment 1；
Fig. 3 is the principle schematic of embodiment 2；
Fig. 4 is the principle schematic of embodiment 3；
Fig. 5 is the principle schematic of embodiment 4；
Fig. 6 is the principle schematic of embodiment 5.
Detailed description of the invention
See Fig. 2, plug and play quantum key dissemination system of the present invention, the Alice end connected including light and Bob end,
Being quantum channel between Alice end and Bob end, its transmission form can be optical fiber, free space, planar optical waveguide etc..
Alice end includes: 90 degree rotate faraday's reflecting mirror 9 and coding module, and coding module is along reflection light direction successively
For the phase-modulator 8 as X basic vector phase code module, and the intensity modulator 7 as Z basic vector time encoding module,
X basic vector phase code or Z basic vector time encoding is used at random during coding.
Bob end includes light source module and decoder module, and wherein decoder module includes Z basic vector time detecting module and X base
Vow detecting module.
The present embodiment light source module uses light-pulse generator 1, is perfect single-photon source or the weak coherent light source combining trick state,
Z basic vector time detecting module includes beam splitting module and single-photon detector 12.
In the present embodiment, beam splitting module can use the device realizing beam splitting/conjunction road function, as preferably employing beam splitter
6, its splitting ratio can the most arbitrarily select, and for improving into code check, the light energy entering single-photon detector 12 should be greater than
Or less than entering the light energy of X basic vector detecting module.
Beam splitter 6 is the optical element of fixing splitting ratio, it is not necessary to the signal of telecommunication controls, and can improve into code check further, needs
During splitting ratio to be changed, directly change the beam splitter of different splitting ratio.
X basic vector detecting module includes unequal arm intervention module, circulator 2 and single-photon detector 10 (the second single photon
Detector) and single-photon detector 11 (the first single-photon detector).Wherein unequal arm intervention module can be unequal arm Mach
Zehnder interferometer, it is also possible to be Michelson's interferometer.The present embodiment uses unequal arm Mach-Zehnder interferometer, mainly by beam splitting
Device 3,90 degree of polarization rotators 4, delay line, polarization beam apparatus 5 are constituted.
Polarization beam apparatus 5 can replace with beam splitter, but now needs to remove 90 degree of polarization rotators 4, interferes after replacement
Efficiency will reduce half.
During the work of the present embodiment quantum key distribution system, light-pulse generator 1 sends the light pulse of linear polarization through annular
Device 2 is input to beam splitter 3.
The long-armed of unequal arm intervention module is passed through in a wherein road light pulse of beam splitter 3 output, rotates through 90 degree of polarizations
Device 4, by input polarization beam splitter 5 after its polarization state 90-degree rotation, only has orthogonal polarized light arteries and veins after polarization beam apparatus 5 reflects
Punching (i.e. | V > light) output.Another road light pulse of beam splitter 3 output the galianconism by unequal arm intervention module, is directly entered defeated
Enter to polarization beam apparatus 5, and only horizontal polarization light pulse after polarization beam apparatus 5 transmission (i.e. | H > light) output.
Two-beam pulse polarizes orthogonal smooth arteries and veins respectively through synthesizing a road after the reflection of polarization beam apparatus 5 and transmission
Punching, then pass sequentially through beam splitter 6 and quantum channel 13, arrive Alice end, and sequentially pass through intensity modulator 7, phase-modulator
8 arrive 90 degree rotates faraday's reflecting mirror 9, and intensity modulator 7 and phase-modulator 8 are inoperative during this period.Through 90 degree
After rotating faraday's reflecting mirror 9 effect, former horizontal polarization light pulse (| H >) becomes vertical polarization light pulse (| V ＞), former vertical partially
Light pulse (| V >) of shaking becomes horizontal polarization light (| H >).Backtracking arrives coding module and encodes, and randomly chooses during coding
Basic vector, with the probability selection z basic vector time encoding of P, with the probability selection x basic vector phase code of 1-P.
When selecting z basic vector time encoding, what intensity modulator 7 was random carries out intensity modulated to two light pulses, will wherein
The intensity modulation of one light pulse vacuum state close to zero, thus realize Z basic vector time encoding.
When selecting x basic vector phase code, phase-modulator 8 carries out phase-modulation in two light pulses makes two
The effective phase difference 0 or pi of light pulse, i.e. carries out X basic vector phase code, and after coding, throughput subchannel 13 returns Bob end.
Light pulse is after beam splitter 6, and beam splitter 6 first outfan order photon detector 12, the second output termination is partially
Shake beam splitter 5.
When selection carries out the detection of Z basic vector, detected by the single-photon detector 12 being connected with the first outfan.
When selection carries out the detection of X basic vector, polarize orthogonal two-beam pulse through the reflection of polarization beam apparatus 5 and transmission
Walk the long-armed of unequal arm intervention module and galianconism respectively, wherein:
Vertical polarization light pulse (| V ＞) becomes horizontal polarization light pulse (| H >) after 90 degree of polarization rotators 4 and inputs
Beam splitter 3, horizontal polarization light pulse (| H >) then directly input beam splitter 3.
Two-way light pulse interferes at beam splitter 3, if phase contrast is 0 before interfering, light is through circulator 2 to list
Photon detector 10 (the second single-photon detector), if phase contrast is pi before interfering, arrives single-photon detector 11 (first
Single-photon detector), it is achieved thereby that detect under X basic vector.
Under Z basic vector, detection is to receive light pulse to change into bit value the time of advent, and under X basic vector, detection is according to phase contrast not
Change into bit value with arriving different detectors, after generating bit value, carry out basic vector comparison, error correction, privacy by classical channel
The last handling processes such as amplification ultimately generate quantum key.
Embodiment 2
In the present embodiment, it is that polarization beam apparatus 5 beam splitter 5a replaces with the difference of embodiment 1, saves simultaneously
90 degree of polarization rotators, arm portion former delay line 4a retains, and transfer portion sees Fig. 3.
Embodiment 3
In the present embodiment, it is unequal arm intervention module and relevant single photon detection to the difference of embodiment 1
Device, the unequal arm interferometer that unequal arm MZ interferometer is instead based in the present embodiment Michelson principle realizes, the most right
Single-photon detector has carried out adaptation.
Seeing Fig. 4, light-pulse generator 1 sends linear polarization light pulse and arrives polarization beam apparatus 15 after circulator 2, and it is saturating
The flat polarized optical pulse of jetting (| H >), reflective vertical polarized optical pulse (| V >).
Horizontal polarization light pulse (| H >) is walked long-armed, rotates faraday's reflecting mirrors 16 (the through 90 degree after delay line 4a time delay
2 90 degree rotate faraday's reflecting mirrors) reflection, horizontal polarization light pulse (| H >) becomes vertical polarization light pulse (| V >) through polarization
Beam splitter 15 reflection output.Arriving Alice end after 90 degree rotation faraday's reflecting mirrors, vertical polarization light pulse (| V >) becomes
Horizontal polarization light pulse (| H >) is again walked galianconism through polarization beam apparatus 15 transmission and is arrived 90 degree rotation faraday's reflecting mirrors 17 (the
One 90 degree rotate faraday's reflecting mirrors), it is reflected, it is anti-through polarization beam apparatus 15 that polarization state becomes vertical polarization light pulse (| V >)
Penetrate output to circulator 2.
In like manner reflective vertical polarized optical pulse (| V >) is walked galianconism and is rotated faraday's reflecting mirrors 17 through 90 degree and reflect, polarization state
Become horizontal polarization light pulse (| H >) and arrive Alice end through polarization beam apparatus 15 transmission output, rotate faraday through 90 degree and reflect
Horizontal polarization light pulse after mirror (H >) becomes vertical polarization light pulse (| V ＞), reflects through polarization beam apparatus 15 and walks long-armed arrival
90 degree rotate faraday's reflecting mirrors 16, are reflected polarization state and become horizontal polarization light pulse (| H ＞) through polarization beam apparatus 15 transmission
Output is to circulator 2.
Two bundles polarize orthogonal light pulse and synthesize a road through circulator arrival half-wave plate 18, the now fast axle of half-wave plate
Or slow-axis direction becomes 22.5 degree or-22.5 degree angles with the either polarization base in two polarization bases of polarization beam apparatus 15, equivalence
The polarization beam apparatus 19 projection measurement from H/V basic vector is made to become the projection measurement under+45 °/-45 ° basic vectors.Light pulse arrives
Polarization beam apparatus 19 interferes according to phase-modulator institute phase modulation potential difference different, and different polarization states arrives different single photon detection
Device.If phase contrast is 0, horizontal polarization light pulse (| H ＞) arrive single-photon detector 20, phase contrast is pi, orthogonal polarized light arteries and veins
Punching (| V >) arrive single-photon detector 21.
Embodiment 4
See Fig. 5, in the present embodiment, be X basic vector detecting module is improved with the difference of embodiment 1,
Two single-photon detectors in X basic vector detecting module are replaced with same single-photon detector, so will reduce cost.
At Bob end, when the two bundle identical reflection light pulses of polarization interfere on beam splitter, due to Alice end phase place
Manipulator is complete X basic vector phase code, and the effective phase difference therefore making two reflection light pulses is 0 or pi.
If phase contrast is 0, walks galianconism and arrive the inclined polarization beam apparatus of guarantor 14 (or using beam splitter) through transmission through circulator 2
Output is to single-photon detector 22.
If phase contrast is pi, walk long-armed after delay line 4b time delay, arrive and protect inclined polarization beam apparatus 14 and (or use point
Bundle device) it is reflected output to single-photon detector 22.
The present embodiment improvement project uses two moment to distinguish out of phase difference and arrives single-photon detector 22.At monochromatic light
Add before sub-detector 22 one lock in time signal, detect the time of advent, if no-delay, phase contrast is 0 arrival single photon
Detector 22, if there being time delay, phase contrast is that pi arrives single-photon detector 22.The present embodiment improvement project also can be with embodiment
2,3 combine, protect inclined polarization beam apparatus 14 when wherein combining with embodiment 2 and replace with beam splitter.Wherein tie with embodiment 3 phase
Protect inclined polarization beam apparatus 14 during conjunction and replace with polarization beam apparatus.
Embodiment 5
See Fig. 6, in the present embodiment, be decoder module is improved with the difference of embodiment 4, will be all
Single-photon detector replaces with same single-photon detector, so will further decrease cost.
In the decoder module of Bob end, anti-through beam splitter 6 from the light pulse through z basic vector time encoding of Alice end
Penetrate away long-armed arrival beam splitter 23 after delay line 4c time delay, be reflected output to single-photon detector 22.
From the two-beam pulse through X basic vector phase code of Alice end, after unequal arm interferometer, two bundles are partially
The light pulse that polarization state is identical interferes, if phase contrast is 0, walk galianconism through circulator 2 arrive protect inclined polarization beam apparatus 14 (or
Use beam splitter), arrive single-photon detector 22 through transmission output to beam splitter 23.
If phase contrast is pi, walks long-armed arrival after delay line 4b time delay and protect inclined polarization beam apparatus 14 and (or use beam splitting
Device) it is reflected output and arrives single-photon detector 22 to beam splitter 23.
The present embodiment improvement project uses four moment to distinguish (to divide two to arrive around moment through the flashlight of time encoding
Reach to make a distinction, also divide two to arrive around moment to make a distinction through the flashlight of phase code) under different basic vectors
Detection, the present embodiment improvement project also can combine with embodiment 2,3, protect inclined polarization beam splitting when wherein combining with embodiment 2
Device 14 replaces with beam splitter.Protect inclined polarization beam apparatus 14 when wherein combining with embodiment 3 and replace with polarization beam apparatus.
Embodiment 6
In the present embodiment, with the difference of embodiment 1 be Alice end in addition to intensity modulator 7,90 degree of rotations
Add between faraday's reflecting mirror 9 and phase-modulator 8 and adjust for another intensity of reflected light realizing the output of " trick state " light source
Device processed, the optical signal that 90 degree of rotation faraday's reflecting mirrors 9 can be reflected back by this intensity of reflected light manipulator at random carries out intensity tune
Make with the random single photon composition changed in output optical signal and the ratio of multi-photon composition.
Inveigle the thought of state agreement be attack based on PNS in different by efficiency to single photon and multi-photon of assailant
Consideration.In order to find that assailant attacks, Alice end sends the light source of different light intensity at random, and wherein multi-photon becomes with single photon
Part ratio is different, and assailant uses the light source of which kind of intensity owing to cannot distinguish between Alice side, then can not lead to multi-photon
Cross efficiency and carry out adapting to regulation, thus can not ensure that the statistical result that different light source arrives Bob end all keeps constant simultaneously.Compare
For, assailant can only ensure that the light source of single intensity arrives the statistical result of Bob.Then, by providing " trick state " light source
Method can ensure that the efficiency of single photon composition is not hacked person's amendment, and single photon composition is can in quantum key distribution system
To extract the effective ingredient of safe key.
The present embodiment improvement project also can combine with embodiment 2～5, corresponding light-pulse generator (laser instrument) issued light
For weak coherent light.
Embodiment 7
In the present embodiment, and the difference of embodiment 1 is between Alice end and Bob end to use fiber optic communication, now
90 degree of polarization rotators 4 can be removed, and the beam splitter 3 of embodiment 1 and polarization beam apparatus 5 are changed to polarization-maintaining beam splitter and guarantor respectively
Polarization beam apparatus partially, wherein polarization-maintaining beam splitter and guarantor's tail optical fiber used by inclined polarization beam apparatus are polarization maintaining optical fibres.Respective annular device 2 is
Protect inclined circulator, and its tail optical fiber is polarization maintaining optical fibre.As preferably, the present embodiment light-pulse generator sends the light arteries and veins of horizontal polarization
Punching.
The present embodiment improvement project also can combine with embodiment 4,5.
Claims (15)
1. based on time m-phase code the transmitting terminal of plug and play quantum key dissemination system, including anti-for being formed
Penetrating 90 degree of rotation faraday's reflecting mirrors of light path and be arranged in coding module on reflected light path, described coding module includes light
Signal carries out Z basic vector time encoding module and the phase code module of corresponding encoded process, it is characterised in that described phase code
It module is X basic vector phase code module.
2. as claimed in claim 1 based on time m-phase code the transmitting terminal of plug and play quantum key dissemination system, its
Being characterised by, described X basic vector phase code module is phase-modulator, and described Z basic vector time encoding module is intensity modulator.
3. as claimed in claim 1 or 2 based on time m-phase code the transmission of plug and play quantum key dissemination system
End, it is characterised in that described transmitting terminal is additionally provided with and is arranged on reflected light path in order to implement the intensity of reflected light manipulator inveigled.
4. as claimed in claim 3 based on time m-phase code the transmitting terminal of plug and play quantum key dissemination system, its
Being characterised by, described intensity of reflected light manipulator, phase-modulator and intensity modulator are sequentially arranged on reflected light path.
5. based on time m-phase code the receiving terminal of plug and play quantum key dissemination system, including for transmission
End sends the light source of optical signal and receives the detection decoder module from transmitting terminal coded light signal, and described decoder module includes
Optical signal is carried out Z basic vector time detecting module and the phase detection module of corresponding decoding process, it is characterised in that described phase place
Detecting module is X basic vector phase detection module.
6. as claimed in claim 5 based on time m-phase code the receiving terminal of plug and play quantum key dissemination system, its
Being characterised by, described Z basic vector time detecting module includes:
The beam splitting module that optical signal is split after encoding transmitting terminal；And
It is connected to carry out the single-photon detector that the Z basic vector time detects with beam splitting module the first outfan；
Described phase detection module connects the second outfan of beam splitting module.
7. as claimed in claim 6 based on time m-phase code the receiving terminal of plug and play quantum key dissemination system, its
Being characterised by, described beam splitting module is beam splitter.
8. as claimed in claim 7 based on time m-phase code the receiving terminal of plug and play quantum key dissemination system, its
Being characterised by, the light energy of beam splitter output to single-photon detector is unequal to the light energy of phase detection module with output.
9. as claimed in claim 7 based on time m-phase code the receiving terminal of plug and play quantum key dissemination system, its
Be characterised by, described phase detection module include the unequal arm intervention module that is arranged between beam splitting module and light source and for
The detector module of detection unequal arm intervention module output optical signal；Wherein light source, unequal arm intervention module and detector module
Light path selection is carried out by circulator between three.
10. as claimed in claim 9 based on time m-phase code the receiving terminal of plug and play quantum key dissemination system,
It is characterized in that, described unequal arm intervention module is unequal arm Mach-Zehnder interferometer or unequal arm based on Michelson principle
Interferometer.
11. as claimed in claim 9 based on time m-phase code the receiving terminal of plug and play quantum key dissemination system,
It is characterized in that, detector module is provided with two single-photon detectors, separately detect two kinds from unequal arm intervention module
Different result of interference.
12. as claimed in claim 9 based on time m-phase code the receiving terminal of plug and play quantum key dissemination system,
It is characterized in that, the single-photon detector in detector module is one, from two kinds of different interference of unequal arm intervention module
Result by corresponding light path element multiplexing to this same single-photon detector.
13. as claimed in claim 9 based on time m-phase code the receiving terminal of plug and play quantum key dissemination system,
It is characterized in that, the single-photon detector in described decoder module is one, the output of described beam splitting module the first outfan, with
And two kinds of different result of interference that unequal arm intervention module is exported are all coupled to this same list by corresponding light path element
Photon detector.
14. 1 kinds based on time m-phase code plug and play quantum key dissemination system, including mutual light connect transmitting terminal
And receiving terminal, the coding module in transmitting terminal include optical signal is carried out corresponding encoded process Z basic vector time encoding module and
Phase code module, it is characterised in that wherein phase code module is X basic vector phase code module；Decoding mould in receiving terminal
Block adapts with described coding module.
15. 1 kinds based on time m-phase code plug and play quantum key distribution method, be included in transmitting terminal and receive and reflect
After the optical signal of receiving terminal, carry out Z basic vector time encoding or phase code, retransmit to receiving terminal and be decoded and visit
Survey, it is characterised in that described wherein phase code is X basic vector phase code；Receiving terminal decoding process and the coding staff of transmitting terminal
Formula adapts.
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