CN107135071A - One kind is based on time-multiplexed distribution of quantum key system and method - Google Patents
One kind is based on time-multiplexed distribution of quantum key system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107135071A CN107135071A CN201710402487.XA CN201710402487A CN107135071A CN 107135071 A CN107135071 A CN 107135071A CN 201710402487 A CN201710402487 A CN 201710402487A CN 107135071 A CN107135071 A CN 107135071A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/70—Photonic quantum communication
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
- H04J14/08—Time-division multiplex systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
- H04L63/06—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for supporting key management in a packet data network
- H04L63/062—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for supporting key management in a packet data network for key distribution, e.g. centrally by trusted party
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
- Computing Systems (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Optical Communication System (AREA)
- Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
Abstract
Time-multiplexed distribution of quantum key system and method is based on the invention discloses one kind, system includes transmitting terminal and receiving terminal, transmitting terminal, which is provided with, can launch the laser of continuous light and single photon, and the laser transmission signal light and synchronizable optical by way of time-sharing multiplex, other system in receiving terminal by increasing a polarization beam apparatus, flashlight is decomposed into two vertical polarization states, the interference under respective polarization state is completed using polarization maintaining optical fibre interference ring, obtain preferable result of interference, avoid influence of the birefringence effect influence polarization state to result of interference in optical fiber transmitting procedure, deviation-rectifying system is abandoned simultaneously, simplify the lengthy and jumbled degree of system, also reduce production cost, simultaneously, single laser is driven to use time-multiplexed mode transmission signal light and synchronizable optical in systems, reduce the numerous and diverse degree and production cost of system.
Description
Technical field
It is more particularly to a kind of based on time-multiplexed quantum key point the present invention relates to optical transport safety communication technology field
Send out system and method.
Background technology
With a wide range of popularization of internet, the information transmission between the mankind has reached unprecedented quantity and frequency,
Various privacy informations expose on the internet more and more, and therefore, the mankind have also arrived unprecedented to the demand of secret communication
Height.The cipher mode of present internet information safety is referred to as " public-key cryptography " cryptosystem, and its principle is by encryption
The public-key cryptography propagated on algorithm, generation network, and the private key of computer-internal is stayed in, two keys must coordinate and make
With complete encryption and decryption processes could be realized.
The encryption standard that modern the Internet is used is the RSA Algorithm being born 1970s, i.e., using matter several greatly because
Son, which is decomposed, to be difficult to calculate to ensure the security of key.
Quantum-key distribution is that physicist Bennett in 1984 and cryptologist Brassard are proposed based on quantum force
The BB84 agreements of measuring principle are learned, quantum-key distribution can fundamentally ensure that the security of key.
Quantum key produces flashlight in transmitting terminal in the prior art, by traditional quantum channel transmitting procedure, by
In by the effect such as fiber channel birefringence, its polarization state is more big changes, and is influenceed the interference effect in optical signal later stage, can be made
The loss of integral key, at present, can increase deviation-rectifying system, by deviation-rectifying system come also to solve the above problems in receiving terminal
The polarization state of former optical signal, but deviation-rectifying system needs complicated hardware and software section composition, to whole encryption key distribution system
System brings the complexity of total system and improves production cost；In addition, needing transmission in quantum key distribution system
Two ways of optical signals, is synchronizable optical all the way, for producing synchronizing signal to receiving terminal and exporting gate-control signal to single-photon detector,
Another road is the flashlight for generating quantum key.Traditional method drives the laser of two wavelength to be respectively intended to produce together
Light and flashlight are walked, then transmit synchronizable optical and flashlight respectively by two optical fiber is answered to receiving terminal, or using wavelength-division
Mode is transmitted by same optical fiber, refer to accompanying drawing 1, accompanying drawing 2, aforesaid way be required to use synchronous laser with
And signal laser, wavelength division multiplexer is needed to use using wave division multiplex mode, further increase system complexity and
Improve production cost.
The content of the invention
It is a kind of based on time-multiplexed distribution of quantum key system and method present invention aims at providing, it is existing to solve
The technical bug that quantum key distribution system structure is excessively numerous and diverse in technology and production cost is too high.
The technical proposal of the invention is realized in this way：
One kind is based on time-multiplexed distribution of quantum key system, including transmitting terminal and receiving terminal, and the transmitting terminal is with connecing
Receiving end is connected by quantum channel, the transmitting terminal include transmitting terminal driving plate, the laser that continuous light and single photon can be launched,
Intensity modulator, interference unit, the first adjustable attenuator and the second adjustable attenuator, it is described to launch continuous light and single photon
Laser be sequentially connected intensity modulator, interference unit and the first adjustable attenuator all the way, another road connection second is adjustable
Attenuator, first adjustable attenuator is connected receiving terminal, transmitting terminal driving plate with the second adjustable attenuator by quantum channel
Connection can launch the laser of continuous light and single photon, intensity modulator, interference unit, the first adjustable attenuator and the respectively
Two adjustable attenuators；
The receiving terminal include receiving terminal driving plate, synchroprobe, polarization beam apparatus, two-way interference unit arranged side by side with
And two-way single-photon detector, the synchroprobe and polarization beam apparatus are adjustable by the corresponding connection second of quantum channel respectively
Attenuator and the first adjustable attenuator, the polarization beam apparatus connect two-way interference unit, the receiving terminal driving plate point respectively
Not Lian Jie synchroprobe, phase regulator and single-photon detector,
The interference unit includes front end polarization-maintaining beam splitter and rear end polarization-maintaining beam splitter, and front end polarization-maintaining beam splitter passes through respectively
Long-armed polarization maintaining optical fibre and galianconism polarization maintaining optical fibre is connected with rear end polarization-maintaining beam splitter, and phase is connected with the long-armed polarization maintaining optical fibre
Adjuster, the two-way interference unit of the receiving terminal part includes two-way and exported respectively, and four tunnel output is two-by-two after cross-combining
Single-photon detector is connected respectively.
Preferably, the quantum channel is single-mode fiber.
Preferably, the two-way single-photon detector front end has been also respectively connected with polarization beam apparatus.
Preferably, the transmitting terminal also includes depolarizer, and the depolarizer is arranged on rear end polarization-maintaining beam splitter and
Between one adjustable attenuator.
Time-multiplexed distribution of quantum key method is based on the invention also discloses one kind, is comprised the following steps：
1) laser timesharing is triggered：Transmitting terminal can launch the laser of continuous light and single photon by the driving of transmitting terminal driving plate
Device produces flashlight and synchronizable optical using time-multiplexed mode, and the flashlight is used as modulation light, the synchronizable optical conduct
Synchronous transmission of signal is to receiving terminal as used in synchroprobe response is receiving terminal；
2) state modulation is inveigled：Flashlight by intensity modulator carry out random strength modulation, as signal state, inveigle state or
Person's vacuum state；
3) transmitting terminal is interfered：Unequal arm MZ interference is made using interference unit, flashlight is divided into two by polarization-maintaining beam splitter
Individual pulse, wherein all the way by long-armed, it is long-armed in added with phase-modulator, random phase modulation is carried out to flashlight, galianconism is not
Do phase-modulation；
4) automatically controlled adjustable attenuator is decayed to flashlight：Flashlight decays light pulse by the first adjustable attenuator
To single photon magnitude, synchronizable optical adjusts synchronizable optical the strength range that can be responded to receiving terminal by the second adjustable attenuator；
5) flashlight and synchronizable optical throughput subchannel transmission：By flashlight and synchronizable optical by a quantum channel from hair
Penetrate end to transmit to receiving terminal, receiving terminal is connected by synchroprobe with polarization beam apparatus respectively；
6) polarization beam apparatus beam splitting：The light of asynchronous polarization is decomposed into horizontal polarization direction by polarization beam apparatus and hung down
Straight polarization direction；
7) receiving terminal is interfered：The unequal arm MZ interference equal with transmitting terminal arm length difference is made using front end polarization-maintaining beam splitter
Ring, flashlight is divided into two pulses by front end polarization-maintaining beam splitter, wherein all the way by long-armed, it is long-armed in added with phase-modulation
Device, random phase modulation is carried out to flashlight, and galianconism is not modulated；
8) single-photon detector is detected：Two optical pulse signals after interference are merged into repetition rate by time division multiplexing
For original twice of light pulse signal, while the enabling frequency upgrading of single-photon detector is to original twice, obtained detection
As a result it is used for subsequent treatment and produces safe key.
Preferably, the step 3) in, random 4 phase-modulation, respectively 0, pi/2, π, 3 pi/2s are carried out to flashlight；Step
7) random 2 phase-modulation, respectively 0, pi/2 are carried out to flashlight in.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect：
The present invention based on time-multiplexed distribution of quantum key system and method, by increasing a polarization in receiving terminal
Beam splitter, two vertical polarization states are decomposed into by flashlight, complete dry under respective polarization state using polarization maintaining optical fibre interference ring
Relate to, obtain preferable result of interference, it is to avoid birefringence effect influences polarization state to result of interference in optical fiber transmitting procedure
Influence, while having abandoned deviation-rectifying system, simplifies the lengthy and jumbled degree of system, also reduces production cost, in addition, driving in systems single
Individual laser uses time-multiplexed mode transmission signal light and synchronizable optical, reduces numerous and diverse degree of system and is produced into
This.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 produces schematic diagram for a kind of synchronizable optical in the prior art with flashlight；
Fig. 2 produces schematic diagram for another synchronizable optical in the prior art with flashlight；
Fig. 3 is the theory diagram of the invention based on time-multiplexed distribution of quantum key system；
Fig. 4 is the flow chart of the invention based on time-multiplexed distribution of quantum key method；
Fig. 5 is the present invention, and the synchronizable optical based on time-multiplexed distribution of quantum key method produces schematic diagram with flashlight.
In figure：Transmitting terminal 100, transmitting terminal driving plate 101, laser 102, the intensity tune that continuous light and single photon can be launched
Device 103 processed, the first adjustable attenuator 104, the second adjustable attenuator 105, receiving terminal 200, receiving terminal driving plate 201, synchronous spy
Survey device 202, polarization beam apparatus 203, single-photon detector 204, quantum channel 300, interference unit 400, depolarizer 500.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the present invention is clearly and completely described.
As shown in figure 3, a kind of be based on time-multiplexed distribution of quantum key system, including transmitting terminal 100 and receiving terminal
200, the transmitting terminal 100 is connected with receiving terminal 200 by quantum channel 300, and the quantum channel 300 is single-mode fiber, if
It is quantum channel 3 apart from need not be long, also can be using polarization maintaining optical fibre transmission, to increase the stability of signal polarization state.Institute
State transmitting terminal 100 including transmitting terminal driving plate 101, the laser 102 that continuous light and single photon can be launched, intensity modulator 103,
Interference unit 400, the first adjustable attenuator 104 and the second adjustable attenuator 105, continuous light and the single photon launched
The tunnel of laser 102 1 is sequentially connected intensity modulator 103, the adjustable attenuator 104 of interference unit 400 and first, and another road connects
The second adjustable attenuator 105 is connect, first adjustable attenuator 104 is connected with the second adjustable attenuator 105 by quantum channel 300
Receiving terminal 200 is connect, transmitting terminal driving plate 101 is connected respectively can launch laser 102, the intensity modulator of continuous light and single photon
103rd, interference unit 400, the first adjustable attenuator 104 and the second adjustable attenuator 105；
It is arranged side by side that the receiving terminal 200 includes receiving terminal driving plate 201, synchroprobe 202, polarization beam apparatus 203, two-way
Interference unit 400 and two-way single-photon detector 204, the synchroprobe 202 passes through respectively with polarization beam apparatus 203
The correspondence of quantum channel 300 the second adjustable attenuator 105 of connection and the first adjustable attenuator 104, the polarization beam apparatus 203 are distinguished
Two-way interference unit 400 is connected, the receiving terminal driving plate 201 connects synchroprobe 202, phase regulator and list respectively
Photon detector 204,
The interference unit 400 includes front end polarization-maintaining beam splitter and rear end polarization-maintaining beam splitter, front end polarization-maintaining beam splitter difference
It is connected, is connected with the long-armed polarization maintaining optical fibre with rear end polarization-maintaining beam splitter by long-armed polarization maintaining optical fibre and galianconism polarization maintaining optical fibre
Phase regulator, the two-way interference unit 400 of the receiving terminal part includes two-way and exported respectively, and four tunnel output intersects two-by-two
Single-photon detector 204 is connected after merging respectively.The front end of two-way single-photon detector 204 has been also respectively connected with polarization beam splitting
Device 203.The transmitting terminal 100 also includes depolarizer 500, and the depolarizer 500 is arranged on rear end polarization-maintaining beam splitter and
Between one adjustable attenuator 104, the degree of polarization of flashlight can be reduced to 0 by the depolarizer 500 so that the polarization state of flashlight is
Natural light state, is effectively guaranteed the security that system transmits key.
As shown in figure 4, being based on time-multiplexed distribution of quantum key method, the distribution method present invention also offers one kind
It can be realized, be comprised the following steps based on above-mentioned quantum key dispatching system：
1) laser timesharing is triggered：Transmitting terminal can launch the laser of continuous light and single photon by the driving of transmitting terminal driving plate
Device produces flashlight and synchronizable optical using time-multiplexed mode, and the flashlight is used as modulation light, the synchronizable optical conduct
Synchronous transmission of signal is to receiving terminal as used in synchroprobe response is receiving terminal；
2) state modulation is inveigled：Flashlight by intensity modulator carry out random strength modulation, as signal state, inveigle state or
Person's vacuum state；
3) transmitting terminal is interfered：Unequal arm MZ interference is made using interference unit, flashlight is divided into two by polarization-maintaining beam splitter
Individual pulse, wherein all the way by long-armed, it is long-armed in added with phase-modulator, random phase modulation is carried out to flashlight, galianconism is not
Do phase-modulation；
4) automatically controlled adjustable attenuator is decayed to flashlight：Flashlight decays light pulse by the first adjustable attenuator
To single photon magnitude, synchronizable optical adjusts synchronizable optical the strength range that can be responded to receiving terminal by the second adjustable attenuator；
5) flashlight and synchronizable optical throughput subchannel transmission：By flashlight and synchronizable optical by a quantum channel from hair
Penetrate end to transmit to receiving terminal, receiving terminal is connected by synchroprobe with polarization beam apparatus respectively；
6) polarization beam apparatus beam splitting：The light of asynchronous polarization is decomposed into horizontal polarization direction by polarization beam apparatus and hung down
Straight polarization direction；
7) receiving terminal is interfered：The unequal arm MZ interference equal with transmitting terminal arm length difference is made using front end polarization-maintaining beam splitter
Ring, flashlight is divided into two pulses by front end polarization-maintaining beam splitter, wherein all the way by long-armed, it is long-armed in added with phase-modulation
Device, random phase modulation is carried out to flashlight, and galianconism is not modulated；
8) single-photon detector is detected：Two optical pulse signals after interference are merged into repetition rate by time division multiplexing
For original twice of light pulse signal, while the enabling frequency upgrading of single-photon detector is to original twice, obtained detection
As a result it is used for subsequent treatment and produces safe key.
Preferably, the step 3) in, random 4 phase-modulation, respectively 0, pi/2, π, 3 pi/2s are carried out to flashlight；Step
7) random 2 phase-modulation, respectively 0, pi/2 are carried out to flashlight in.
As shown in figure 5, step 1) in, the transmitting that can launch the timesharing according to demand of the laser of continuous light and single photon is synchronous
Light and flashlight.
The structure of the comprehensive present invention is understood with principle, of the invention based on time-multiplexed distribution of quantum key system and side
Method, by increasing a polarization beam apparatus in receiving terminal, is decomposed into two vertical polarization states by flashlight, utilizes polarization maintaining optical fibre
Interference ring completes the interference under respective polarization state, obtains preferable result of interference, it is to avoid birefringence is imitated in optical fiber transmitting procedure
Influence of the polarization state to result of interference should be influenceed, while having abandoned deviation-rectifying system, the lengthy and jumbled degree of system is simplified, also reduces life
Cost is produced, in addition, driving single laser to use time-multiplexed mode transmission signal light and synchronizable optical, reduction in systems
The numerous and diverse degree and production cost of system.
Claims (6)
1. one kind is based on time-multiplexed distribution of quantum key system, it is characterised in that：Including transmitting terminal and receiving terminal, the hair
Penetrate end to be connected by quantum channel with receiving terminal, the transmitting terminal includes transmitting terminal driving plate, can launch continuous light and single photon
Laser, intensity modulator, interference unit, the first adjustable attenuator and the second adjustable attenuator, it is described to launch continuous
The laser of light and single photon is sequentially connected intensity modulator, interference unit and the first adjustable attenuator all the way, and another road connects
The second adjustable attenuator is connect, first adjustable attenuator is connected receiving terminal with the second adjustable attenuator by quantum channel, sent out
End driving plate is penetrated to connect the laser that can launch continuous light and single photon, intensity modulator respectively, interference unit, first adjustable decline
Subtract device and the second adjustable attenuator；
The receiving terminal includes receiving terminal driving plate, synchroprobe, polarization beam apparatus, two-way interference unit and two arranged side by side
Road single-photon detector, the synchroprobe passes through quantum channel the second adjustable damping of corresponding connection respectively with polarization beam apparatus
Device and the first adjustable attenuator, the polarization beam apparatus connect two-way interference unit respectively, and the receiving terminal driving plate connects respectively
Synchroprobe, phase regulator and single-photon detector are connect,
The interference unit includes front end polarization-maintaining beam splitter and rear end polarization-maintaining beam splitter, and front end polarization-maintaining beam splitter is respectively by long-armed
Polarization maintaining optical fibre and galianconism polarization maintaining optical fibre are connected with rear end polarization-maintaining beam splitter, and phase adjusted is connected with the long-armed polarization maintaining optical fibre
Device, the two-way interference unit of the receiving terminal part includes two-way and exported respectively, and four tunnel is exported after cross-combining two-by-two respectively
Connect single-photon detector.
2. time-multiplexed distribution of quantum key system is based on as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the quantum channel
For single-mode fiber.
3. time-multiplexed distribution of quantum key system is based on as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the two-way monochromatic light
Sub- detector front end has been also respectively connected with polarization beam apparatus.
4. time-multiplexed distribution of quantum key system is based on as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the transmitting terminal is also
Include depolarizer, the depolarizer is arranged between rear end polarization-maintaining beam splitter and the first adjustable attenuator.
5. one kind is based on time-multiplexed distribution of quantum key method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1) laser timesharing is triggered：Transmitting terminal drives the laser that can launch continuous light and single photon to adopt by transmitting terminal driving plate
Flashlight and synchronizable optical are produced with time-multiplexed mode, the flashlight is used as synchronization as modulation light, the synchronizable optical
Signal is transferred to receiving terminal as used in synchroprobe response is receiving terminal；
2) state modulation is inveigled：Flashlight carries out random strength modulation by intensity modulator, as signal state, inveigles state or true
Empty state；
3) transmitting terminal is interfered：Unequal arm MZ interference is made using interference unit, flashlight is divided into two arteries and veins by polarization-maintaining beam splitter
Punching, wherein all the way by long-armed, it is long-armed in added with phase-modulator, random phase modulation is carried out to flashlight, galianconism does not do phase
Position modulation；
4) automatically controlled adjustable attenuator is decayed to flashlight：Light pulse is decayed to list by flashlight by the first adjustable attenuator
Photon magnitude, synchronizable optical adjusts synchronizable optical the strength range that can be responded to receiving terminal by the second adjustable attenuator；
5) flashlight and synchronizable optical throughput subchannel transmission：By flashlight and synchronizable optical by a quantum channel from transmitting terminal
Transmit to receiving terminal, receiving terminal is connected by synchroprobe with polarization beam apparatus respectively；
6) polarization beam apparatus beam splitting：The light of asynchronous polarization is decomposed into horizontal polarization direction and vertical inclined by polarization beam apparatus
Shake direction；
7) receiving terminal is interfered：The unequal arm MZ interference ring equal with transmitting terminal arm length difference, letter are made using front end polarization-maintaining beam splitter
Number light is divided into two pulses by front end polarization-maintaining beam splitter, wherein all the way by long-armed, it is long-armed in added with phase-modulator, to letter
Number light carries out random phase modulation, and galianconism is not modulated；
8) single-photon detector is detected：It is original that the two optical pulse signals after interference are merged into repetition rate by time division multiplexing
Carry out twice of light pulse signal, while the enabling frequency upgrading of single-photon detector is to original twice, obtained result of detection
Safe key is produced for subsequent treatment.
6. time-multiplexed distribution of quantum key method is based on as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that the step 3)
In, random 4 phase-modulation, respectively 0, pi/2, π, 3 pi/2s are carried out to flashlight；Step 7) in random 2 phase is carried out to flashlight
Modulation, respectively 0, pi/2.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110113108A (en) * | 2019-03-14 | 2019-08-09 | 重庆鲲量科技有限公司 | A kind of quantum communications device |
| CN111857207A (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2020-10-30 | 科大国盾量子技术股份有限公司 | Voltage feedback method of quantum key distribution intensity modulator |
| CN114499692A (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2022-05-13 | 科大国盾量子技术股份有限公司 | Time division multiplexing unit and method, decoding device, QKD system and quantum communication system |
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