CN107135071B - Quantum key distribution system and method based on time division multiplexing - Google Patents
Quantum key distribution system and method based on time division multiplexing Download PDFInfo
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- CN107135071B CN107135071B CN201710402487.XA CN201710402487A CN107135071B CN 107135071 B CN107135071 B CN 107135071B CN 201710402487 A CN201710402487 A CN 201710402487A CN 107135071 B CN107135071 B CN 107135071B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/70—Photonic quantum communication
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
- H04J14/08—Time-division multiplex systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
- H04L63/06—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for supporting key management in a packet data network
- H04L63/062—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for supporting key management in a packet data network for key distribution, e.g. centrally by trusted party
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The invention discloses a quantum key distribution system and a method based on time division multiplexing, wherein the system comprises a transmitting end and a receiving end, the transmitting end is provided with a laser capable of transmitting continuous light and single photons, the laser transmits signal light and synchronous light in a time division multiplexing mode, in addition, the system decomposes the signal light into two vertical polarization states by adding a polarization beam splitter at the receiving end, interference under the respective polarization states is completed by utilizing a polarization-maintaining optical fiber interference ring, a better interference result is obtained, the influence of birefringence effect on the interference result caused by the light polarization state in the optical fiber transmission process is avoided, meanwhile, a deviation correcting system is abandoned, the system redundancy degree is simplified, the production cost is reduced, and meanwhile, the single laser is driven in the system to transmit the signal light and the synchronous light in a time division multiplexing mode, so that the complexity and the production cost of the system are reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical transmission safety communication, in particular to a quantum key distribution system and method based on time division multiplexing.
Background
With the wide spread of the internet, the information transfer between people reaches an unprecedented number and frequency, and various private information is increasingly exposed on the internet, so that the demand of people for secret communication also reaches an unprecedented height. The existing encryption mode of internet information security is called a public key cryptosystem, and the principle is that a public key transmitted on a network and a private key remained in a computer are generated through an encryption algorithm, and the two keys must be matched to use to realize complete encryption and decryption processes.
The encryption standard used by the modern Internet is an RSA algorithm which is born in the 70 th century of 20, namely, the encryption standard is hard to calculate by utilizing the mass factor decomposition of a large number to ensure the security of a secret key.
The quantum key distribution is BB84 protocol based on quantum mechanics measurement principle proposed by the physicist Bennett and the cryptologist Brangard in 1984, and the security of the key can be fundamentally ensured by the quantum key distribution.
In the prior art, a quantum key generates signal light at a transmitting end, and in the traditional quantum channel transmission process, the polarization state of the signal light is greatly changed due to the actions of double refraction and the like of an optical fiber channel, so that the later interference effect of an optical signal is influenced, the loss of an integral key is caused, and in order to solve the problems, a deviation correcting system is added at a receiving end, and the polarization state of the optical signal is restored through the deviation correcting system, but the deviation correcting system needs complex hardware and software components, so that the complexity of the integral system is brought to the whole key distribution system, and the production cost is increased; in addition, two paths of optical signals need to be transmitted in the quantum key distribution system, one path is synchronous light, which is used for generating synchronous signals to a receiving end and outputting gating signals to a single photon detector, and the other path is signal light used for generating a quantum key. The conventional method drives two wavelength lasers to generate synchronous light and signal light respectively, and then transmits the synchronous light and the signal light to the receiving end through two optical fibers respectively, or transmits the synchronous light and the signal light through the same optical fiber in a wavelength division multiplexing mode, please refer to fig. 1 and fig. 2, the synchronous laser and the signal laser are needed to be adopted in the above modes, and a wavelength division multiplexer is needed to be used in the wavelength division multiplexing mode, so that the complexity of the system is further increased and the production cost is further increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a quantum key distribution system and a quantum key distribution method based on time division multiplexing, which are used for solving the technical defects that the structure of the quantum key distribution system is too complicated and the production cost is too high in the prior art.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the quantum key distribution system based on time division multiplexing comprises a transmitting end and a receiving end, wherein the transmitting end and the receiving end are connected through a quantum channel, the transmitting end comprises a transmitting end driving plate, a laser capable of transmitting continuous light and single photons, an intensity modulator, an interference unit, a first adjustable attenuator and a second adjustable attenuator, one path of the laser capable of transmitting continuous light and single photons is sequentially connected with the intensity modulator, the interference unit and the first adjustable attenuator, the other path of the laser capable of transmitting continuous light and single photons is connected with the second adjustable attenuator, the first adjustable attenuator and the second adjustable attenuator are connected with the receiving end through the quantum channel, and the transmitting end driving plate is respectively connected with the laser capable of transmitting continuous light and single photons, the intensity modulator, the interference unit, the first adjustable attenuator and the second adjustable attenuator;
the receiving end comprises a receiving end driving plate, a synchronous detector, a polarization beam splitter, two parallel interference units and two single photon detectors, wherein the synchronous detector and the polarization beam splitter are correspondingly connected with a second adjustable attenuator and a first adjustable attenuator through quantum channels respectively, the polarization beam splitter is connected with the two interference units respectively, the receiving end driving plate is connected with the synchronous detector, a phase regulator and the single photon detectors respectively,
the interference unit comprises a front-end polarization-maintaining beam splitter and a rear-end polarization-maintaining beam splitter, the front-end polarization-maintaining beam splitter is connected with the rear-end polarization-maintaining beam splitter through a long-arm polarization-maintaining fiber and a short-arm polarization-maintaining fiber respectively, a phase regulator is connected in the long-arm polarization-maintaining fiber, the two interference units of the receiving end part respectively comprise two paths of outputs, and the four paths of outputs are respectively connected with the single photon detector after being combined in a two-by-two crossing mode.
Preferably, the quantum channel is a single mode fiber.
Preferably, the front ends of the two paths of single photon detectors are also respectively connected with a polarization beam splitter.
Preferably, the transmitting end further comprises a depolarizer, and the depolarizer is arranged between the rear-end polarization-maintaining beam splitter and the first adjustable attenuator.
The invention also discloses a quantum key distribution method based on time division multiplexing, which comprises the following steps:
1) And (3) time-sharing triggering of a laser: the transmitting end drives a laser capable of transmitting continuous light and single photons through a transmitting end driving plate to generate signal light and synchronous light in a time division multiplexing mode, the signal light is used as modulated light, and the synchronous light is used as a synchronous signal to be transmitted to the receiving end and responded by a synchronous detector to be used by the receiving end;
2) Decoy state modulation: the signal light is subjected to random intensity modulation through an intensity modulator to become a signal state, a decoy state or a vacuum state;
3) Transmitting end interference: the method comprises the steps of manufacturing unequal arm MZ interference by utilizing an interference unit, dividing signal light into two pulses by a polarization maintaining beam splitter, wherein one pulse passes through a long arm, a phase modulator is added in the long arm, random phase modulation is carried out on the signal light, and the short arm does not carry out phase modulation;
4) The electric control adjustable attenuator attenuates the signal light: the signal light attenuates the light pulse to the single photon magnitude through the first adjustable attenuator, and the synchronous light adjusts the synchronous light to the intensity range which can be responded by the receiving end through the second adjustable attenuator;
5) The signal light and the synchronous light are transmitted through a quantum channel: transmitting the signal light and the synchronous light from the transmitting end to the receiving end through a quantum channel, wherein the receiving end is respectively connected with the polarization beam splitter through a synchronous detector;
6) Splitting by a polarizing beam splitter: decomposing light with unsynchronized polarization into a horizontal polarization direction and a vertical polarization direction through a polarization beam splitter;
7) Interference at the receiving end: the method comprises the steps that a front-end polarization-maintaining beam splitter is used for manufacturing an unequal arm MZ interference ring with the same length difference as that of a transmitting end arm, signal light is divided into two pulses through the front-end polarization-maintaining beam splitter, one of the two pulses passes through a long arm, a phase modulator is added in the long arm, the signal light is subjected to random phase modulation, and a short arm does not carry out modulation;
8) Single photon detector detects: the two optical pulse signals after interference are combined into an optical pulse signal with the repetition frequency twice as high as the original optical pulse signal through time division multiplexing, and meanwhile, the door opening frequency of the single photon detector is increased to be twice as high as the original optical pulse signal, and the obtained detection result is used for generating a safety key through subsequent processing.
Preferably, in the step 3), the signal light is subjected to random 4-phase modulation, which is 0, pi/2, pi, 3 pi/2 respectively; in step 7), the signal light is subjected to random 2-phase modulation, which is 0 and pi/2 respectively.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the quantum key distribution system and method based on time division multiplexing, the polarization beam splitter is added at the receiving end to decompose signal light into two perpendicular polarization states, interference under the respective polarization states is completed by the polarization-maintaining optical fiber interference ring, a good interference result is obtained, the influence of the birefringence effect on the interference result caused by the light polarization states in the optical fiber transmission process is avoided, meanwhile, a deviation correcting system is abandoned, the system redundancy is simplified, the production cost is reduced, and in addition, a single laser is driven in the system to emit signal light and synchronous light in a time division multiplexing mode, and the system complexity and the production cost are reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art generation of synchronous light and signal light;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another generation of synchronous light and signal light in the prior art;
FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of a time division multiplexing-based quantum key distribution system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a quantum key distribution method based on time division multiplexing according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of synchronous light and signal light generation based on the quantum key distribution method of time division multiplexing according to the present invention.
In the figure: the device comprises an emitting end 100, an emitting end driving plate 101, a laser 102 capable of emitting continuous light and single photons, an intensity modulator 103, a first adjustable attenuator 104, a second adjustable attenuator 105, a receiving end 200, a receiving end driving plate 201, a synchronous detector 202, a polarization beam splitter 203, a single photon detector 204, a quantum channel 300, an interference unit 400 and a depolarizer 500.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which embodiments of the invention are shown.
As shown in fig. 3, a quantum key distribution system based on time division multiplexing includes a transmitting end 100 and a receiving end 200, where the transmitting end 100 and the receiving end 200 are connected through a quantum channel 300, and the quantum channel 300 is a single-mode fiber, and if the distance of the quantum channel 3 is not too long, polarization-preserving fiber transmission can be adopted to increase the stability of the polarization state of the signal light. The transmitting end 100 comprises a transmitting end driving board 101, a laser 102 capable of transmitting continuous light and single photons, an intensity modulator 103, an interference unit 400, a first adjustable attenuator 104 and a second adjustable attenuator 105, wherein one path of the laser 102 capable of transmitting continuous light and single photons is sequentially connected with the intensity modulator 103, the interference unit 400 and the first adjustable attenuator 104, the other path of the laser 102 capable of transmitting continuous light and single photons is connected with the second adjustable attenuator 105, the first adjustable attenuator 104 and the second adjustable attenuator 105 are connected with the receiving end 200 through a quantum channel 300, and the transmitting end driving board 101 is respectively connected with the laser 102 capable of transmitting continuous light and single photons, the intensity modulator 103, the interference unit 400, the first adjustable attenuator 104 and the second adjustable attenuator 105;
the receiving end 200 comprises a receiving end driving plate 201, a synchronous detector 202, a polarization beam splitter 203, two parallel interference units 400 and two single photon detectors 204, wherein the synchronous detector 202 and the polarization beam splitter 203 are correspondingly connected with a second adjustable attenuator 105 and a first adjustable attenuator 104 through quantum channels 300 respectively, the polarization beam splitter 203 is connected with the two interference units 400 respectively, the receiving end driving plate 201 is connected with the synchronous detector 202, a phase regulator and the single photon detectors 204 respectively,
the interference unit 400 includes a front-end polarization-maintaining beam splitter and a rear-end polarization-maintaining beam splitter, the front-end polarization-maintaining beam splitter is connected with the rear-end polarization-maintaining beam splitter through a long-arm polarization-maintaining fiber and a short-arm polarization-maintaining fiber, the long-arm polarization-maintaining fiber is connected with a phase regulator, the two interference units 400 of the receiving end part respectively include two outputs, and the four outputs are respectively connected with the single photon detector 204 after being combined in a two-by-two intersection manner. The front ends of the two paths of single photon detectors 204 are also respectively connected with a polarization beam splitter 203. The transmitting end 100 further includes a depolarizer 500, where the depolarizer 500 is disposed between the back-end polarization maintaining beam splitter and the first adjustable attenuator 104, and the depolarizer 500 can reduce the polarization degree of the signal light to 0, so that the polarization state of the signal light is in a natural light state, and the security of the system transmission key is effectively ensured.
As shown in fig. 4, the present invention further provides a quantum key distribution method based on time division multiplexing, where the distribution method can be implemented based on the quantum key distribution system, and the method includes the following steps:
1) And (3) time-sharing triggering of a laser: the transmitting end drives a laser capable of transmitting continuous light and single photons through a transmitting end driving plate to generate signal light and synchronous light in a time division multiplexing mode, the signal light is used as modulated light, and the synchronous light is used as a synchronous signal to be transmitted to the receiving end and responded by a synchronous detector to be used by the receiving end;
2) Decoy state modulation: the signal light is subjected to random intensity modulation through an intensity modulator to become a signal state, a decoy state or a vacuum state;
3) Transmitting end interference: the method comprises the steps of manufacturing unequal arm MZ interference by utilizing an interference unit, dividing signal light into two pulses by a polarization maintaining beam splitter, wherein one pulse passes through a long arm, a phase modulator is added in the long arm, random phase modulation is carried out on the signal light, and the short arm does not carry out phase modulation;
4) The electric control adjustable attenuator attenuates the signal light: the signal light attenuates the light pulse to the single photon magnitude through the first adjustable attenuator, and the synchronous light adjusts the synchronous light to the intensity range which can be responded by the receiving end through the second adjustable attenuator;
5) The signal light and the synchronous light are transmitted through a quantum channel: transmitting the signal light and the synchronous light from the transmitting end to the receiving end through a quantum channel, wherein the receiving end is respectively connected with the polarization beam splitter through a synchronous detector;
6) Splitting by a polarizing beam splitter: decomposing light with unsynchronized polarization into a horizontal polarization direction and a vertical polarization direction through a polarization beam splitter;
7) Interference at the receiving end: the method comprises the steps that a front-end polarization-maintaining beam splitter is used for manufacturing an unequal arm MZ interference ring with the same length difference as that of a transmitting end arm, signal light is divided into two pulses through the front-end polarization-maintaining beam splitter, one of the two pulses passes through a long arm, a phase modulator is added in the long arm, the signal light is subjected to random phase modulation, and a short arm does not carry out modulation;
8) Single photon detector detects: the two optical pulse signals after interference are combined into an optical pulse signal with the repetition frequency twice as high as the original optical pulse signal through time division multiplexing, and meanwhile, the door opening frequency of the single photon detector is increased to be twice as high as the original optical pulse signal, and the obtained detection result is used for generating a safety key through subsequent processing.
Preferably, in the step 3), the signal light is subjected to random 4-phase modulation, which is 0, pi/2, pi, 3 pi/2 respectively; in step 7), the signal light is subjected to random 2-phase modulation, which is 0 and pi/2 respectively.
As shown in fig. 5, in step 1), the lasers capable of emitting continuous light and single photons emit synchronous light and signal light in time-sharing mode according to the requirement.
By integrating the structure and principle of the invention, the quantum key distribution system and the method based on time division multiplexing are known, the signal light is decomposed into two vertical polarization states by adding the polarization beam splitter at the receiving end, interference under the respective polarization states is completed by utilizing the polarization-maintaining optical fiber interference ring, a better interference result is obtained, the influence of the birefringence effect on the interference result caused by the light polarization state in the optical fiber transmission process is avoided, meanwhile, a deviation correcting system is abandoned, the system redundancy is simplified, the production cost is also reduced, in addition, a single laser is driven in the system to emit the signal light and the synchronous light in a time division multiplexing mode, and the complexity and the production cost of the system are reduced.
Claims (6)
1. A quantum key distribution system based on time division multiplexing, characterized in that: the device comprises a transmitting end and a receiving end, wherein the transmitting end is connected with the receiving end through a quantum channel, the transmitting end comprises a transmitting end driving plate, a laser capable of transmitting continuous light and single photons, an intensity modulator, an interference unit, a first adjustable attenuator and a second adjustable attenuator, one path of the laser capable of transmitting continuous light and single photons is sequentially connected with the intensity modulator, the interference unit and the first adjustable attenuator, the other path of the laser capable of transmitting continuous light and single photons is connected with the second adjustable attenuator, the first adjustable attenuator and the second adjustable attenuator are connected with the receiving end through the quantum channel, and the transmitting end driving plate is respectively connected with the laser capable of transmitting continuous light and single photons, the intensity modulator, the interference unit, the first adjustable attenuator and the second adjustable attenuator;
the receiving end comprises a receiving end driving plate, a synchronous detector, a polarization beam splitter, two parallel interference units and two single photon detectors, wherein the synchronous detector and the polarization beam splitter are correspondingly connected with a second adjustable attenuator and a first adjustable attenuator through quantum channels respectively, the polarization beam splitter is connected with the two interference units respectively, the receiving end driving plate is connected with the synchronous detector, a phase regulator and the single photon detectors respectively,
the interference unit comprises a front-end polarization-maintaining beam splitter and a rear-end polarization-maintaining beam splitter, the front-end polarization-maintaining beam splitter is connected with the rear-end polarization-maintaining beam splitter through a long-arm polarization-maintaining fiber and a short-arm polarization-maintaining fiber respectively, a phase regulator is connected in the long-arm polarization-maintaining fiber, the two interference units of the receiving end part respectively comprise two paths of outputs, and the four paths of outputs are respectively connected with the single photon detector after being combined in a two-by-two crossing mode.
2. The time division multiplexing based quantum key distribution system of claim 1, wherein the quantum channel is a single mode fiber.
3. The quantum key distribution system based on time division multiplexing as claimed in claim 2, wherein the front ends of the two paths of single photon detectors are respectively connected with a polarization beam splitter.
4. The quantum key distribution system of claim 1 wherein the transmitting end further comprises a depolarizer disposed between the back-end polarization maintaining splitter and the first adjustable attenuator.
5. The quantum key distribution method based on time division multiplexing is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) And (3) time-sharing triggering of a laser: the transmitting end drives a laser capable of transmitting continuous light and single photons through a transmitting end driving plate to generate signal light and synchronous light in a time division multiplexing mode, the signal light is used as modulated light, and the synchronous light is used as a synchronous signal to be transmitted to the receiving end and responded by a synchronous detector to be used by the receiving end;
2) Decoy state modulation: the signal light is subjected to random intensity modulation through an intensity modulator to become a signal state, a decoy state or a vacuum state;
3) Transmitting end interference: the method comprises the steps of manufacturing unequal arm MZ interference by utilizing an interference unit, dividing signal light into two pulses by a polarization maintaining beam splitter, wherein one pulse passes through a long arm, a phase modulator is added in the long arm, random phase modulation is carried out on the signal light, and the short arm does not carry out phase modulation;
4) The electric control adjustable attenuator attenuates the signal light: the signal light attenuates the light pulse to the single photon magnitude through the first adjustable attenuator, and the synchronous light adjusts the synchronous light to the intensity range which can be responded by the receiving end through the second adjustable attenuator;
5) The signal light and the synchronous light are transmitted through a quantum channel: transmitting the signal light and the synchronous light from the transmitting end to the receiving end through a quantum channel, wherein the receiving end is respectively connected with the polarization beam splitter through a synchronous detector;
6) Splitting by a polarizing beam splitter: decomposing light with unsynchronized polarization into a horizontal polarization direction and a vertical polarization direction through a polarization beam splitter;
7) Interference at the receiving end: the method comprises the steps that a front-end polarization-maintaining beam splitter is used for manufacturing an unequal arm MZ interference ring with the same length difference as that of a transmitting end arm, signal light is divided into two pulses through the front-end polarization-maintaining beam splitter, one of the two pulses passes through a long arm, a phase modulator is added in the long arm, the signal light is subjected to random phase modulation, and a short arm does not carry out modulation;
8) Single photon detector detects: the two optical pulse signals after interference are combined into an optical pulse signal with the repetition frequency twice as high as the original optical pulse signal through time division multiplexing, and meanwhile, the door opening frequency of the single photon detector is increased to be twice as high as the original optical pulse signal, and the obtained detection result is used for generating a safety key through subsequent processing.
6. The quantum key distribution method based on time division multiplexing as claimed in claim 5, wherein in the step 3), the signal light is subjected to random 4-phase modulation, which is 0, pi/2, pi, 3 pi/2, respectively; in step 7), the signal light is subjected to random 2-phase modulation, which is 0 and pi/2 respectively.
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| CN110113108A (en) * | 2019-03-14 | 2019-08-09 | 重庆鲲量科技有限公司 | A kind of quantum communications device |
| CN111857207B (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2022-04-22 | 科大国盾量子技术股份有限公司 | Voltage feedback method of quantum key distribution intensity modulator |
| CN114499692A (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2022-05-13 | 科大国盾量子技术股份有限公司 | Time division multiplexing unit and method, decoding device, QKD system and quantum communication system |
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