CN104660347A - Practical three-party quantum communication method and system - Google Patents
Practical three-party quantum communication method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a practical three-party quantum communication method and system. Four quantum key distribution nodes Alice, Bob, Charlie and David are set, wherein David is a central node for communication of other three quantum key distribution nodes, and Alice, Bob and Charlie are used for independently and randomly preparing quantum states of a Z basis vector and an X basis vector through linear optical elements; the central node David is used for performing GHZ state projection measurement on a received quantum state by a GHZ state analysis instrument and publishing a measurement result through a classical channel; Alice, Bob and Charlie are used for performing classical post-treatment through an authenticated classical channel; a final unconditional security key is formed through basis vector comparison, error correction and privacy amplification. The practical three-party quantum communication method and system are naturally immune to attacks of all detectors, and can expand an actual communication distance of multi-party quantum communication to one hundred kilometers through GHZ state post-selection, thereby greatly promoting the feasibility and practicality of a practical multi-party quantum communication scheme.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the optical transport communications field, refer in particular to a kind of practical tripartite's quantum communications method and system.
Background technology
Quantum communications are new branch of science that quantum mechanics is combined with contemporary cryptology, quantum communications include the research direction such as quantum key distribution, quantum teleportation, quantum secret sharing, quantum key negotiation, three people's quantum cryptographys, quanta identity authentication, and quantum secret sharing, quantum key are consulted, three people's quantum cryptographys belong to quantum communications in many ways, shown great attention to by scholars numerous in the world and technical staff because they have some special character.Due to quantum secret sharing, quantum key negotiation, three people's quantum cryptographys etc. in many ways quantum communications based on quantum-mechanical general principle, the communication mode of adding " one-time pad " ensure that communication can be in being perfectly safe in physics level, and therefore they are very important beyond doubt for the very important national defence of confidentiality and diplomatic unit, large-scale financial company and large-scale high-tech enterprise etc.
From first quantum secret sharing scheme (Physical Review A59 in 1999,18291999) proposed the time having had the more than ten years so far, the first string just causes international extensive concern once proposition, emerge the scheme of numerous improvement and change subsequently, but these schemes all exist an important problem: the distribution of high-fidelity GHZ state distance is very limited, and the preparation of GHZ state is also a more difficult problem.At present, the record farthest of GHZ state actual dispensed distance is less than 1 kilometer of (Nature Photonics 8,2922014), this experiment is published on best photonic propulsion periodical Nature Photonics with the form of short essay, and causes the wide coverage of various countries' media.For these reasons, actual spendable quantum communications in many ways can only be theoretical schemes, and quantum communications in many ways that at a distance can be practical are very large Theory and technology challenges for scholars.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve existing quantum communications high-fidelity in many ways GHZ state preparation difficulty and remote problem of distributing cannot be applied to, the present invention proposes a kind of practical tripartite's quantum communications method and system, to the attack innate immunity of all detectors, the practical communication distance of quantum communications in many ways can be extended to hundred kilometers by rear selection GHZ state, thus greatly promote the feasibility of actual quantum communications scheme in many ways and practical.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of practical tripartite's quantum communications method, if 4 quantum-key distribution nodes are respectively Alice, Bob, Charlie and David, wherein David is the Centroid of other three quantum-key distribution node communications, comprises the following steps:
(1) tripartite prepares quantum state respectively: Alice, Bob and Charlie tripartite, respectively by the quantum state of the random preparation Z basic vector of linear optical element independent sum and X basic vector, comprises polarization encoder quantum state and phase path-time encoding quantum state;
(2) Centroid carries out the measurement of GHZ state: Centroid David carries out the projection measurement of GHZ state to the quantum state GHZ state analyzer received, GHZ state one for 3 particles has eight, and based on two that linear optical element can identify wherein, can identify that GHZ state is for polarization encoder
wherein | the quantum state of what H> was corresponding is horizontal polarization, and | for phase time coding, the quantum state of vertical polarization that what V> was corresponding is, can identify that GHZ state is
wherein | T
1> is the quantum state of first time pulse, and | T
2> is the quantum state of second time pulse;
(3) Alice, Bob and Charlie extract key: David and announce GHZ state projection measurement result by overt channel, Alice, Bob and Charlie carry out reprocessing by the classical channel of certification, are amplified the key forming final unconditional security by basic vector comparison, error correction and privacy.
As preferably, in described step (1), the data measured under X basic vector meet relation:
X
a⊕ X
b⊕ X
cthe corresponding GHZ state of=0mod2
X
a⊕ X
b⊕ X
cthe corresponding GHZ state of=1mod2
Wherein, X
a, X
b, X
cbe respectively the data that Alice, Bob and Charlie measure under X basic vector.
As preferably, in described step (1), the data measured under Z basic vector meet relation:
Z
A＝Z
B＝Z
C，
Wherein, Z
a, Z
b, Z
cbe respectively the data that Alice, Bob and Charlie measure under Z basic vector.
Based on practical tripartite's quantum communication system of practical tripartite's quantum communications method, the technical solution used in the present invention is: comprise the first quantum boxes, second quantum boxes, 3rd quantum boxes and the 4th quantum boxes, the first described quantum boxes comprises the first light-pulse generator and the first polarization time encoding module, the input of the first polarization time encoding module is connected with the first light-pulse generator, the second described quantum boxes comprises the second light-pulse generator and the second polarization time encoding module, the input of the second polarization time encoding module is connected with the second light-pulse generator, the 3rd described quantum boxes comprises the 3rd light-pulse generator and the 3rd polarization time encoding module, the input of the 3rd polarization time encoding module is connected with the 3rd light-pulse generator, the output of the first polarization time encoding module, the output of the second polarization time encoding module, the output of the 3rd polarization time encoding module is connected with the 4th quantum boxes respectively by least one quantum channel, the 4th described quantum boxes has six single-photon detectors.
As preferably, the first described polarization time encoding module comprises the first Polarization Controller, first circulator, first polarization beam apparatus and first phase modulator, the second described polarization time encoding module comprises the second Polarization Controller, second circulator, second polarization beam apparatus and second phase modulator, the 3rd described polarization time encoding module comprises the 3rd Polarization Controller, 3rd circulator, 3rd polarization beam apparatus and third phase modulator, 4th quantum boxes comprises the 4th Polarization Controller, 5th Polarization Controller, 6th Polarization Controller, 4th polarization beam apparatus, 5th polarization beam apparatus, 7th Polarization Controller, 8th Polarization Controller, 9th Polarization Controller, 6th polarization beam apparatus, 7th polarization beam apparatus, 8th polarization beam apparatus, first single-photon detector, second single-photon detector, 3rd single-photon detector, 4th single-photon detector, 5th single-photon detector and the 6th single-photon detector, first circulator, second circulator and the 3rd circulator all have A end, B end and C end, first polarization beam apparatus, second polarization beam apparatus, 3rd polarization beam apparatus, 6th polarization beam apparatus, 7th polarization beam apparatus, 8th polarization beam apparatus all has A end, B end and C end, 4th polarization beam apparatus, 5th polarization beam apparatus all has A end, B holds, C end and D end, the input of the first Polarization Controller is connected with the first light-pulse generator, the output of the first Polarization Controller is held with the A of the first circulator and is connected, the B of the first circulator holds the A end of connection first polarization beam apparatus, the two ends of first phase modulator connect the B end of the first polarization beam apparatus respectively, C holds, the C of the first circulator holds throughput subchannel to connect the input of the 4th Polarization Controller, the input of the second Polarization Controller is connected with the second light-pulse generator, the output of the second Polarization Controller is held with the A of the second circulator and is connected, the B of the second circulator holds the A end of connection second polarization beam apparatus, the two ends of second phase modulator connect the B end of the second polarization beam apparatus respectively, C holds, the C of the second circulator holds throughput subchannel to connect the input of the 5th Polarization Controller, the input of the 3rd Polarization Controller is connected with the 3rd light-pulse generator, the output of the 3rd Polarization Controller is held with the A of the 3rd circulator and is connected, the B of the 3rd circulator holds the A end of connection the 3rd polarization beam apparatus, the two ends of third phase modulator connect the B end of the 3rd polarization beam apparatus respectively, C holds, the C of the 3rd circulator holds throughput subchannel to connect the input of the 6th Polarization Controller, the output of the 4th Polarization Controller connects the B end of the 4th polarization beam apparatus, the output of the 5th Polarization Controller connects the A end of the 4th polarization beam apparatus, the output of the 6th Polarization Controller connects the A end of the 5th polarization beam apparatus, the D end of the 4th polarization beam apparatus is held with the B of the 5th polarization beam apparatus and is connected, the C of the 4th polarization beam apparatus holds the input of connection the 7th Polarization Controller, the output of the 7th Polarization Controller connects the A end of the 6th polarization beam apparatus, the B of the 6th polarization beam apparatus holds connection first single-photon detector, the C of the 6th polarization beam apparatus holds connection second single-photon detector, the C of the 5th polarization beam apparatus holds the input of connection the 8th Polarization Controller, the output of the 8th Polarization Controller connects the A end of the 7th polarization beam apparatus, the B of the 7th polarization beam apparatus holds connection the 3rd single-photon detector, the C of the 7th polarization beam apparatus holds connection the 4th single-photon detector, the D of the 5th polarization beam apparatus holds the input of connection the 9th Polarization Controller, the output of the 9th Polarization Controller connects the A end of the 8th polarization beam apparatus, the B of the 8th polarization beam apparatus holds connection the 5th single-photon detector, the C of the 8th polarization beam apparatus holds connection the 6th single-photon detector.
Preferred as another, the first described polarization time encoding module comprises the first beam splitter, first intensity modulator, second intensity modulator and first phase modulator, the second described polarization time encoding module comprises the second beam splitter, 3rd intensity modulator, 4th intensity modulator and second phase modulator, the 3rd described polarization time encoding module comprises the 3rd beam splitter, 5th intensity modulator, 6th intensity modulator and third phase modulator, 4th quantum boxes comprises the 4th beam splitter, 5th beam splitter, 6th beam splitter, first single-photon detector, second single-photon detector, 3rd single-photon detector, 4th single-photon detector, 5th single-photon detector and the 6th single-photon detector, first beam splitter, second beam splitter and the 3rd beam splitter all have A end, B end and C end, 4th beam splitter, 5th beam splitter, 6th beam splitter all has A end, B holds, C end and D end, the A end of the first beam splitter is connected with the first light-pulse generator, the B of the first beam splitter holds the input of connection first intensity modulator, the output throughput subchannel of the first intensity modulator connects the A end of the 4th beam splitter, the C of the first beam splitter holds the input of connection second intensity modulator, the output of the second intensity modulator connects the input of first phase modulator, the output throughput subchannel of first phase modulator connects the B end of the 5th beam splitter, the A end of the second beam splitter is connected with the second light-pulse generator, the B of the second beam splitter holds the input of connection the 3rd intensity modulator, the output throughput subchannel of the 3rd intensity modulator connects the A end of the 5th beam splitter, the C of the second beam splitter holds the input of connection the 4th intensity modulator, the output of the 4th intensity modulator connects the input of second phase modulator, the output throughput subchannel of second phase modulator connects the B end of the 6th beam splitter, the A end of the 3rd beam splitter is connected with the 3rd light-pulse generator, the B of the 3rd beam splitter holds the input of connection the 5th intensity modulator, the output throughput subchannel of the 5th intensity modulator connects the A end of the 6th beam splitter, the C of the 3rd beam splitter holds the input of connection the 6th intensity modulator, the output of the 6th intensity modulator connects the input of third phase modulator, the output throughput subchannel of third phase modulator connects the B end of the 4th beam splitter, the C of the 4th beam splitter holds connection first single-photon detector, the D of the 4th beam splitter holds connection second single-photon detector, the C of the 5th beam splitter holds connection the 3rd single-photon detector, the D of the 5th beam splitter holds connection the 4th single-photon detector, the C of the 6th beam splitter holds connection the 5th single-photon detector, the D of the 6th beam splitter holds connection the 6th single-photon detector.
As preferably, the first described quantum channel, the second quantum channel, the 3rd quantum channel, the 4th quantum channel, the 5th quantum channel, the 6th quantum channel are respectively optical fiber or free space or fiber waveguide.In the present invention, quantum channel adopts the transmission mediums such as optical fiber, free space, fiber waveguide all applicable.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: to the attack innate immunity of all detectors, the practical communication distance of quantum communications in many ways can be extended to hundred kilometers by rear selection GHZ state, thus greatly promote the feasibility of actual quantum communications scheme in many ways and practical.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of flow chart of practical tripartite's quantum communications method in the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a kind of structural representation of practical tripartite's quantum communication system in the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the another kind of structural representation of practical tripartite's quantum communication system in the present invention.
In figure, 1-first quantum boxes, 2-second quantum boxes, 3-the 3rd quantum boxes, 4-the 4th quantum boxes, 5-quantum channel, 11-first light-pulse generator, 12-first Polarization Controller, 13-first circulator, 14-first polarization beam apparatus, 15-first phase modulator, 16-first beam splitter, 17-first intensity modulator, 18-second intensity modulator, 19-first phase modulator, 21-second light-pulse generator, 22-second Polarization Controller, 23-second circulator, 24-second polarization beam apparatus, 25-second phase modulator, 26-second beam splitter, 27-the 3rd intensity modulator, 28-the 4th intensity modulator, 29-second phase modulator, 31-the 3rd light-pulse generator, 32-the 3rd Polarization Controller, 33-the 3rd circulator, 34-the 3rd polarization beam apparatus, 35-third phase modulator, 36-the 3rd beam splitter, 37-the 5th intensity modulator, 38-the 6th intensity modulator, 39-third phase modulator, 41-the 4th Polarization Controller, 42-the 5th Polarization Controller, 43-the 6th polarization seven controller, 44-the 4th polarization beam apparatus, 45-the 5th polarization beam apparatus, 46-the 7th Polarization Controller, 47-the 8th Polarization Controller, 48-the 9th Polarization Controller, 49-the 6th polarization beam apparatus, 50-the 7th polarization beam apparatus, 51-the 8th polarization beam apparatus, 52-the 4th beam splitter, 53-the 5th beam splitter, 54-the 6th beam splitter, 61-first single-photon detector, 62-second single-photon detector, 63-the 3rd single-photon detector, 64-the 4th single-photon detector, 65-the 5th single-photon detector, 66-the 6th single-photon detector.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further detail.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of practical tripartite's quantum communications method, if 4 quantum-key distribution nodes are respectively Alice, Bob, Charlie and David, wherein David is the Centroid of other three quantum-key distribution node communications, comprises the following steps:
(1) tripartite prepares quantum state respectively: Alice, Bob and Charlie tripartite, respectively by the quantum state of the random preparation Z basic vector of linear optical element independent sum and X basic vector, comprises polarization encoder quantum state and phase path-time encoding quantum state;
(2) Centroid carries out the measurement of GHZ state: Centroid David carries out the projection measurement of GHZ state to the quantum state GHZ state analyzer received, GHZ state one for 3 particles has eight, and based on two that linear optical element can identify wherein, can identify that GHZ state is for polarization encoder
wherein | the quantum state of what H> was corresponding is horizontal polarization, and | for phase time coding, the quantum state of vertical polarization that what V> was corresponding is, can identify that GHZ state is
wherein | T
1> is the quantum state of first time pulse, and | T
2> is the quantum state of second time pulse;
(3) Alice, Bob and Charlie extract key: David and announce GHZ state projection measurement result by overt channel, Alice, Bob and Charlie carry out reprocessing by the classical channel of certification, are amplified the key forming final unconditional security by basic vector comparison, error correction and privacy.
Following situation can be divided into:
P1, in many ways quantum secret sharing: Alice needs a secret information a to send to Bob and Charlie two people, Bob and Charlie can not obtain separately the content of the information a that Alice sends, could obtain the content of information a that Alice sends when only having together with Bob with Charlie, the content of this information a is all secret to all listener-ins simultaneously.Consider that Alice, Bob and Charlie carry out rear selection GHZ state and carry out in time reversal, having a perfect GHZ state after basic vector comparison, error correction and privacy are amplified:
They are measurement data and these data meet relational expression X under X basic vector respectively
a⊕ X
b⊕ X
c=0mod2 (X
a⊕ X
b⊕ X
c=1mod2), if Alice is by message a and X
axOR obtains b, i.e. b=a ⊕ X
amod2 sends to Bob and Charlie, because Bob and Charlie does not separately know X
a, so their independent side can not the content of obtaining information a, only have them to cooperate to pass through together:
b⊕X
B⊕X
Cmod2＝a⊕X
A⊕X
B⊕X
Cmod2＝a(b⊕X
B⊕X
C⊕1mod2＝a)
Obtain the content of message a.We can see, the program is of equal value for the status of Alice, Bob and Charlie, and wherein any one can as sender of the message for they, and two other is as message recipient, and need cooperation.Due to Entanglement, Alice, Bob and Charlie have maximum GHZ state of tangling, then their particle can not exist with the particle of listener-in tangling, and therefore listener-in can not know any information wherein.
P2, three people's quantum cryptographys: Alice, Bob and Charlie carry out quantum cryptography communication, if Alice promises cooperation, then Bob and Charlie can generate a string random key of unconditional security, and this key is all secret (comprising partner Alice) for everyone except Bob and Charlie; If Alice refuses cooperation, Bob and Charlie then can not form key.Consider that Alice, Bob and Charlie carry out rear selection GHZ state and carry out in time reversal, having a perfect GHZ state after basic vector comparison, error correction and privacy are amplified:
They are measurement data and these data meet relational expression X under X basic vector respectively
a⊕ X
b⊕ X
c=0mod2 (X
a⊕ X
b⊕ X
c=1mod2).If Alice announces his measurement result X by the classical channel of certification
a, then Bob and Charlie is just clearly aware of their measurement data X
band X
cbetween relation, just can form a string identical random key by corresponding bit reversal, and this key comprises Alice all can not obtain.
P3, quantum key is consulted in many ways: Alice, Bob and Charlie carry out quantum key in many ways to be consulted to generate a string identical random key.Consider that Alice, Bob and Charlie carry out rear selection GHZ state and carry out in time reversal, having a perfect GHZ state after basic vector comparison, error correction and privacy are amplified:
They are measurement data under Z basic vector respectively, and these data meet relational expression Z
a=Z
b=Z
c, therefore can carry out secret quantum communications by the key of the data genaration recorded under Z basic vector, this Content of Communication only has participant Alice, Bob and Charlie to know, and other listener-ins can not obtain any information.
Based on above-mentioned practical tripartite's quantum communications method, the present invention proposes corresponding practical tripartite's quantum communication system further, sets forth two kinds of different structures of practical tripartite's quantum communication system below with two embodiments.Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 2, a kind of practical quantum communication system in many ways, comprise the first quantum boxes 1 (Alice), second quantum boxes 2 (Bob), 3rd quantum boxes 3 (Chalice) and the 4th quantum boxes 4 (David) as Centroid, first quantum boxes 1 comprises the first light-pulse generator 11 and the first polarization time encoding module, the input of the first polarization time encoding module is connected with the first light-pulse generator 11, second quantum boxes 2 comprises the second light-pulse generator 21 and the second polarization time encoding module, the input of the second polarization time encoding module is connected with the second light-pulse generator 21, 3rd quantum boxes 3 comprises the 3rd light-pulse generator 31 and the 3rd polarization time encoding module, the input of the 3rd polarization time encoding module is connected with the 3rd light-pulse generator 31, the output of the first polarization time encoding module, the output of the second polarization time encoding module, the output of the 3rd polarization time encoding module is connected with the 4th quantum boxes 4 by one article of quantum channel 5, 4th quantum boxes 4 has six single-photon detectors.Quantum channel 5 is optical fiber or free space or fiber waveguide.
Wherein, first polarization time encoding module comprises the first Polarization Controller 12, first circulator 13, first polarization beam apparatus 14 and first phase modulator 15, second polarization time encoding module comprises the second Polarization Controller 22, second circulator 23, second polarization beam apparatus 24 and second phase modulator 25, 3rd polarization time encoding module comprises the 3rd Polarization Controller 32, 3rd circulator 33, 3rd polarization beam apparatus 34 and third phase modulator 35, 4th quantum boxes comprises the 4th Polarization Controller 41, 5th Polarization Controller 42, 6th Polarization Controller 43, 4th polarization beam apparatus 44, 5th polarization beam apparatus 45, 7th Polarization Controller 46, 8th Polarization Controller 47, 9th Polarization Controller 48, 6th polarization beam apparatus 49, 7th polarization beam apparatus 50, 8th polarization beam apparatus 51, first single-photon detector 61, second single-photon detector 62, 3rd single-photon detector 63, 4th single-photon detector 64, 5th single-photon detector 65 and the 6th single-photon detector 66, first circulator 13, second circulator 23 and the 3rd circulator 33 all have A end, B end and C end, first polarization beam apparatus 14, second polarization beam apparatus 24, 3rd polarization beam apparatus 34, 6th polarization beam apparatus 49, 7th polarization beam apparatus 50, 8th polarization beam apparatus 51 all has A end, B end and C end, 4th polarization beam apparatus 44, 5th polarization beam apparatus 45 all has A end, B holds, C end and D end, the input of the first Polarization Controller 12 is connected with the first light-pulse generator 11, the output of the first Polarization Controller 12 is held with the A of the first circulator 13 and is connected, the B of the first circulator 13 holds the A end of connection first polarization beam apparatus 14, the two ends of first phase modulator 15 connect the B end of the first polarization beam apparatus 14 respectively, C holds, the C of the first circulator 13 holds throughput subchannel to connect the input of the 4th Polarization Controller 41, the input of the second Polarization Controller 22 is connected with the second light-pulse generator 21, the output of the second Polarization Controller 22 is held with the A of the second circulator 23 and is connected, the B of the second circulator 23 holds the A end of connection second polarization beam apparatus 24, the two ends of second phase modulator 25 connect the B end of the second polarization beam apparatus 24 respectively, C holds, the C of the second circulator 23 holds throughput subchannel to connect 42 inputs of the 5th Polarization Controller, the input of the 3rd Polarization Controller 32 is connected with the 3rd light-pulse generator 31, the output of the 3rd Polarization Controller 32 is held with the A of the 3rd circulator 33 and is connected, the B of the 3rd circulator 33 holds the A end of connection the 3rd polarization beam apparatus 34, the two ends of third phase modulator 35 connect the B end of the 3rd polarization beam apparatus 34 respectively, C holds, the C of the 3rd circulator 33 holds throughput subchannel to connect the input of the 6th Polarization Controller 43, the output of the 4th Polarization Controller 41 connects the B end of the 4th polarization beam apparatus 44, the output of the 5th Polarization Controller 42 connects the A end of the 4th polarization beam apparatus 44, the output of the 6th Polarization Controller 43 connects the A end of the 5th polarization beam apparatus 45, the D end of the 4th polarization beam apparatus 44 is held with the B of the 5th polarization beam apparatus 45 and is connected, the C of the 4th polarization beam apparatus 44 holds the input of connection the 7th Polarization Controller 46, the output of the 7th Polarization Controller 46 connects the A end of the 6th polarization beam apparatus 49, the B of the 6th polarization beam apparatus 49 holds connection first single-photon detector 61, the C of the 6th polarization beam apparatus 49 holds connection second single-photon detector 62, the C of the 5th polarization beam apparatus 45 holds the input of connection the 8th Polarization Controller 47, the output of the 8th Polarization Controller 47 connects the A end of the 7th polarization beam apparatus 50, the B of the 7th polarization beam apparatus 50 holds connection the 3rd single-photon detector 63, the C of the 7th polarization beam apparatus 50 holds connection the 4th single-photon detector 64, the D of the 5th polarization beam apparatus 45 holds the input of connection the 9th Polarization Controller 48, the output of the 9th Polarization Controller 48 connects the A end of the 8th polarization beam apparatus 51, the B of the 8th polarization beam apparatus 51 holds connection the 5th single-photon detector 65, the C of the 8th polarization beam apparatus 51 holds connection the 6th single-photon detector 66.
The effect of the first circulator 13, second circulator 23 and the 3rd circulator 33 makes to hold the light of input to export from the B end of the first circulator 13, second circulator 23 and the 3rd circulator 33 from the A of the first circulator 13, second circulator 23 and the 3rd circulator 33, makes to hold the light inputted to export from the C end of the first circulator 13, second circulator 23 and the 3rd circulator 33 from the B of the first circulator 13, second circulator 23 and the 3rd circulator 33; First Polarization Controller 12, second Polarization Controller 22, the 3rd Polarization Controller 32, the 4th Polarization Controller 41, the 5th Polarization Controller 42, the 6th Polarization Controller 43, the 7th Polarization Controller 46, the 8th Polarization Controller 47, the 9th Polarization Controller 48 are for the polarization of modulating light pulse; The light pulse of the light pulse reflective vertical polarization of the first polarization beam apparatus 14, second polarization beam apparatus 24, the 3rd polarization beam apparatus 34, the 4th polarization beam apparatus 44, the 5th polarization beam apparatus 45, the 6th polarization beam apparatus 49, the 7th polarization beam apparatus 50, the 8th polarization beam apparatus 51 transmission level polarization; First phase modulator 15, second phase modulator 25, third phase modulator 35 are for the relative phase between modulation level polarization moon vertical polarization light pulse; First single-photon detector 61, second single-photon detector 62, the 3rd single-photon detector 63, the 4th single-photon detector 64, the 5th single-photon detector 65, the 6th single-photon detector 66 are for detecting each light pulse.
Wherein, first Polarization Controller 12, second Polarization Controller 22, the 3rd Polarization Controller 32 control the polarization of light pulse, make to incide the first polarization beam apparatus 14, second polarization beam apparatus 24, the 3rd polarization beam apparatus 34 light pulse respectively transmittance and reflectance become the light pulse that two-way power is equal, such as allow the light pulse of horizontal polarization become the light pulse of 45 degree of polarizations; The effect of the 7th Polarization Controller 46, the 8th Polarization Controller 47, the 9th Polarization Controller 48 does a U conversion to light pulse polarization quantum state, makes the 6th polarization beam apparatus 49, the 7th polarization beam apparatus 50, the 8th polarization beam apparatus 51 transform to projection measurement under+45/-45 degree basic vector from the projection measurement H/V basic vector equivalently; First phase modulator 15, second phase modulator 25, third phase modulator 35 carry out phase-modulation to a light pulse separately, and phase-modulation is not carried out in another light pulse, make two pulse shapings phase difference that can accurately modulate, thus prepare the quantum state of needs; First light-pulse generator 11, second light-pulse generator 21, the 3rd light-pulse generator 31 are the light pulses utilizing internal modulation and external modulation chopping method to obtain, the light pulse obtained for external modulation copped wave will carry out phase randomization, can laser pulse light source, quantum dot single-photon source, triggering parametric down conversion source etc. after attenuator attenuates obtain.
The Alice light pulse that the first light-pulse generator 11 sends linear polarization is input to the first Polarization Controller 12, and the polarization quantum state of light pulse becomes the coherent superposition of horizontal polarization and vertical polarization after the unitary transformation of the first Polarization Controller 12
from the A end input of the first circulator 13, export from the B end of the first circulator 13, be input to the A end of the first polarization beam apparatus 14, orthogonal two light pulses of two-way polarization are become through the first polarization beam apparatus 14 transmittance and reflectance, output level polarized optical pulse is held respectively from the B of the first polarization beam apparatus 14 | the C of H> and the first polarization beam apparatus 14 holds 4C to export vertical polarization light pulse | V>, the light pulse of horizontal and vertical polarization all assigned to by the first polarization beam apparatus 14 protect inclined wire jumper slow axis on transmit, horizontal polarization light pulse | H> after first phase modulator 15 with vertical polarization light pulse | V> carries out conjunction and restraints after first phase modulator 15 on the first polarization beam apparatus 14, after the first polarization beam apparatus 14, there is polarization interference form light pulse polarization quantum state
after export from the A of the first polarization beam apparatus 14 end, from the B end input of the first circulator 13, then export from the C end of the first circulator 13, arrive Centroid David through quantum channel 5, the Bob light pulse that the second light-pulse generator 21 sends linear polarization is input to the second Polarization Controller 22, and the polarization quantum state of light pulse becomes the coherent superposition state of horizontal polarization and vertical polarization after the unitary transformation of the second Polarization Controller 22
from the A end input of the second circulator 23, export from the B end of the second circulator 23, be input to the A end of the second polarization beam apparatus 24, orthogonal two light pulses of two-way polarization are become through the second polarization beam apparatus 24 transmittance and reflectance, output level polarized optical pulse is held respectively from the B of the second polarization beam apparatus 24 | the C end of H> and the second polarization beam apparatus 24 exports vertical polarization light pulse | V>, the light pulse of horizontal and vertical polarization all assigned to by the second polarization beam apparatus 24 protect inclined wire jumper slow axis on transmit, horizontal polarization light pulse | H> is through second phase modulator 25, with vertical polarization light pulse | V> carries out conjunction and restraints after second phase modulator 25 on the second polarization beam apparatus 24, after the second polarization beam apparatus 24, there is polarization interference form light pulse polarization quantum state
after export from the A of the second polarization beam apparatus 24 end, export from the C end of the second circulator 23 again from the B end input of the second circulator 23, arrive Centroid David through quantum channel 5, the Charlie light pulse that the 3rd light-pulse generator 31 sends linear polarization is input to the 3rd Polarization Controller 32, and the polarization quantum state of light pulse becomes the coherent superposition of horizontal polarization and vertical polarization after the 3rd Polarization Controller 32 makes unitary transformation
from the A end input of the 3rd circulator 33, export from the B end of the 3rd circulator 33, from the A end input of the 3rd polarization beam apparatus 34, orthogonal two light pulses of two-way polarization are become through the 3rd polarization beam apparatus 34 transmittance and reflectance, output level polarized optical pulse is held respectively from the B of the 3rd polarization beam apparatus 34 | the C end of H> and the 3rd polarization beam apparatus 34 exports vertical polarization light pulse | V>, the light pulse of horizontal and vertical polarization all forwarded to by the 3rd polarization beam apparatus 34 protect inclined wire jumper slow axis on transmit, horizontal polarization light pulse | H> is through the 5th phase-modulator 35, with vertical polarization light pulse | V> carries out conjunction and restraints after the 5th phase-modulator 35 on the 3rd polarization beam apparatus 34, polarization interference is there is after the 3rd polarization beam apparatus 34, form light pulse polarization quantum state
after export from the A of the 3rd polarization beam apparatus 34 end, export from the C end of the 3rd circulator 33 again from the B end input of the 3rd circulator 33, arrive Centroid David through quantum channel 5.
Alice throughput subchannel 5 is sent to the quantum state of David, and the quantum state after the 4th Polarization Controller 41 unitary transformation is in the eigenstate of Z basic vector or X basic vector at random; Bob throughput subchannel 5 is sent to the quantum state of David, and the quantum state after the 5th Polarization Controller 42 unitary transformation is in the eigenstate of Z basic vector or X basic vector at random; Charlie throughput subchannel is sent to the quantum state of David, and the quantum state after the 6th Polarization Controller 43 unitary transformation is in the eigenstate of Z basic vector or X basic vector at random.
The B end of the 4th polarization beam apparatus 44 is input to through the light pulse of the 4th Polarization Controller 41, the A end of the 4th polarization beam apparatus 44 is input to through the light pulse of the 5th Polarization Controller 42,4th polarization beam apparatus 44 transmission level polarized optical pulse reflective vertical polarized optical pulse, the C of the 4th polarization beam apparatus 44 brings out the light pulse of penetrating and is input to the 7th Polarization Controller 46, the polarization of light pulse is rotated 45 degree are transformed to 45 degree of polarizations light pulse by horizontal polarization light pulse by the 7th Polarization Controller 46, the A termination of the 6th polarization beam apparatus 49 receives the light pulse of the 7th Polarization Controller 46, the B of the 6th polarization beam apparatus 49 holds the light pulse of output level polarization to detect to the first single-photon detector 61, the light pulse of the C end output vertical polarization of the 6th polarization beam apparatus 49 detects to the second single-photon detector 62, light pulse after A termination receipts the 6th Polarization Controller 43 unitary transformation of the 5th polarization beam apparatus 42, the D of B termination receipts the 4th Polarization Controller 41 of the 5th polarization beam apparatus 42 brings out the light pulse of penetrating, 5th polarization beam apparatus 42 transmission level polarized optical pulse reflective vertical polarized optical pulse, the C of the 5th polarization beam apparatus 45 brings out the light pulse of penetrating and is input to the 8th Polarization Controller 47, the polarization of light pulse is rotated 45 degree are transformed to 45 degree of polarizations light pulse by horizontal polarization light pulse by the 8th Polarization Controller 47, the A termination of the 7th polarization beam apparatus 50 receives the light pulse of the 8th Polarization Controller 47, the B of the 7th polarization beam apparatus 50 holds the light pulse of output level polarization to detect to the 3rd single-photon detector 63, the light pulse of the C end output vertical polarization of the 7th polarization beam apparatus 50 detects to the 4th single-photon detector 64, the D of the 5th polarization beam apparatus 45 brings out the light pulse of penetrating and is input to the 9th Polarization Controller 48, the polarization of light pulse is rotated 45 degree are transformed to 45 degree of polarizations light pulse by horizontal polarization light pulse by the 9th Polarization Controller 48, the A termination of the 8th polarization beam apparatus 51 receives the light pulse of the 9th Polarization Controller 48, the B of the 8th polarization beam apparatus 48 holds the light pulse of output level polarization to detect to the 5th single-photon detector 65, the light pulse of the C end output vertical polarization of the 8th polarization beam apparatus 48 detects to the 6th single-photon detector 66, the first light-pulse generator 11, the light pulse that second light-pulse generator 21 is launched needs the A end simultaneously arriving the 4th polarization beam apparatus 44, B holds, and the light pulse that the 3rd light-pulse generator 31 is launched needs and brings out the A that the light pulse of penetrating arrives the 5th polarization beam apparatus 45 simultaneously from the D of the 4th polarization beam apparatus 44 and hold, B holds, and David is according to the first single-photon detector 61, second single-photon detector 62, 3rd single-photon detector 63, 4th single-photon detector 64, 5th single-photon detector 65, 6th single-photon detector 6630, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35 meet response results to judge the measurement result of GHZ state.Correct GHZ state
response be three responses in six detectors, i.e. the first single-photon detector 61, the 3rd single-photon detector 63, the 5th single-photon detector 65, or the first single-photon detector 61, the 4th single-photon detector 64, the 6th single-photon detector 66, or the second single-photon detector 62, the 3rd single-photon detector 63, the 6th single-photon detector 66, or the second single-photon detector 62, the 4th single-photon detector 64, the 5th single-photon detector 65; Correct GHZ state
response be the first single-photon detector 61, the 3rd single-photon detector 63, the 6th single-photon detector 66, or the first single-photon detector 61, the 4th single-photon detector 64, the 5th single-photon detector 65, or the second single-photon detector 62, the 3rd single-photon detector 63, the 5th single-photon detector 65, or the second single-photon detector 62, the 4th single-photon detector 64, the 6th single-photon detector 66.
Embodiment 2
As shown in Figure 3, a kind of practical quantum communication system in many ways, comprise the first quantum boxes 1 (Alice), second quantum boxes 2 (Bob), 3rd quantum boxes 3 (Chalice) and the 4th quantum boxes 4 (David) as Centroid, first quantum boxes 1 comprises the first light-pulse generator 11 and the first polarization time encoding module, the input of the first polarization time encoding module is connected with the first light-pulse generator 11, second quantum boxes 2 comprises the second light-pulse generator 21 and the second polarization time encoding module, the input of the second polarization time encoding module is connected with the second light-pulse generator 21, 3rd quantum boxes 3 comprises the 3rd light-pulse generator 31 and the 3rd polarization time encoding module, the input of the 3rd polarization time encoding module is connected with the 3rd light-pulse generator 31, the output of the first polarization time encoding module, the output of the second polarization time encoding module, the output of the 3rd polarization time encoding module is connected with the 4th quantum boxes 4 by two articles of quantum channels 5, 4th quantum boxes 4 has six single-photon detectors.Quantum channel 5 is optical fiber or free space or fiber waveguide.
Wherein, first polarization time encoding module comprises the first beam splitter 16, first intensity modulator 17, second intensity modulator 18 and first phase modulator 19, second polarization time encoding module comprises the second beam splitter 26, 3rd intensity modulator 27, 4th intensity modulator 28 and second phase modulator 29, 3rd polarization time encoding module comprises the 3rd beam splitter 36, 5th intensity modulator 37, 6th intensity modulator 38 and third phase modulator 39, 4th quantum boxes comprises the 4th beam splitter 52, 5th beam splitter 53, 6th beam splitter 54, first single-photon detector 61, second single-photon detector 62, 3rd single-photon detector 63, 4th single-photon detector 64, 5th single-photon detector 65 and the 6th single-photon detector 66, first beam splitter 16, second beam splitter 26 and the 3rd beam splitter 36 all have A end, B end and C end, 4th beam splitter 52, 5th beam splitter 53, 6th beam splitter 54 all has A end, B holds, C end and D end.The A end of the first beam splitter 16 is connected with the first light-pulse generator 11, the B of the first beam splitter 16 holds the input of connection first intensity modulator 17, the output throughput subchannel 5 of the first intensity modulator 17 connects the A end of the 4th beam splitter 52, the C of the first beam splitter 16 holds the input of connection second intensity modulator 18, the output of the second intensity modulator 18 connects the input of first phase modulator 19, and the output throughput subchannel 5 of first phase modulator 19 connects the B end of the 5th beam splitter 53; The A end of the second beam splitter 26 is connected with the second light-pulse generator 21, the B of the second beam splitter 26 holds the input of connection the 3rd intensity modulator 27, the output throughput subchannel 5 of the 3rd intensity modulator 27 connects the A end of the 5th beam splitter 53, the C of the second beam splitter 26 holds the input of connection the 4th intensity modulator 28, the output of the 4th intensity modulator 28 connects the input of second phase modulator 29, and the output throughput subchannel 5 of second phase modulator 29 connects the B end of the 6th beam splitter 54; The A end of the 3rd beam splitter 36 is connected with the 3rd light-pulse generator 31, the B of the 3rd beam splitter 36 holds the input of connection the 5th intensity modulator 37, the output throughput subchannel 5 of the 5th intensity modulator 37 connects the A end of the 6th beam splitter 54, the C of the 3rd beam splitter 36 holds the input of connection the 6th intensity modulator 38, the output of the 6th intensity modulator 38 connects the input of third phase modulator 39, and the output throughput subchannel 5 of third phase modulator 39 connects the B end of the 4th beam splitter 52.The C of the 4th beam splitter 52 holds connection first single-photon detector 61, the D of the 4th beam splitter 52 holds connection second single-photon detector 62, the C of the 5th beam splitter 53 holds connection the 3rd single-photon detector 63, the D of the 5th beam splitter 53 holds connection the 4th single-photon detector 64, the C of the 6th beam splitter 54 holds the D of connection the 5th single-photon detector the 65, six beam splitter 54 to hold connection the 6th single-photon detector 66.
First beam splitter 16, second beam splitter 26 and the 3rd beam splitter 36 are three port beam splitter, light pulse inputs from the A end of the first beam splitter 16, second beam splitter 26 and the 3rd beam splitter 36, be divided into two-beam pulse with the probability of 50:50, hold output from the B end of the first beam splitter 16, second beam splitter 26 and the 3rd beam splitter 36, C respectively; 4th beam splitter 52, the 5th beam splitter 53, the 6th beam splitter 54 are four port beam splitter, light pulse is held from the A of the 4th beam splitter 52, the 5th beam splitter 53, the 6th beam splitter 54, B holds input, be divided into two-beam pulse with the probability of 50:50, and hold from the C of the 4th beam splitter 52, the 5th beam splitter 53, the 6th beam splitter 54 respectively, D holds output.
The Alice light pulse that the first light-pulse generator 11 reflection light pulse enters the first intensity modulator 17 and the second intensity modulator 18, second intensity modulator 18 respectively through the two-beam pulse that the first beam splitter 16 is divided into 50:50 is input to first phase modulator 19.Alice Stochastic choice prepares the quantum state of Z basic vector or X basic vector, if select Z basic vector, then passes through their light pulse at random with the first intensity modulator 17 or the second intensity modulator 18 cancellation, only retains and have light pulse on the way; If select X basic vector, then first intensity modulator 17, second intensity modulator 18 not delustrings, allow first phase modulator 19 produce the phase place of 0 or π.The light pulse of the first intensity modulator 17 outgoing arrives the A end of the 4th beam splitter 52 of David through quantum channel, the light pulse of first phase modulator 19 outgoing arrives the B end of the 5th beam splitter 53 of David through quantum channel.
Bob the second light-pulse generator 21 reflection light pulse, the two-beam pulse being divided into 50:50 through the second beam splitter 26 enters the light pulse input second phase modulator 29 of the 3rd intensity modulator 27 and the 4th intensity modulator the 28, four intensity modulator 28 respectively.Bob Stochastic choice prepares the quantum state of Z basic vector or X basic vector, if select Z basic vector, their light pulse is then passed through at random with the 3rd intensity modulator 27 or the 4th intensity modulator 28 cancellation, only retain and have light pulse on the way, if select X basic vector, then the 3rd intensity modulator 27, the 4th intensity modulator 28 not delustrings, allow second phase modulator 29 produce the phase place of 0 or π.The light pulse of the 3rd intensity modulator 27 outgoing arrives the A end of the 5th beam splitter 53 of David through quantum channel, the light pulse of second phase modulator 29 outgoing arrives the B end of the 6th beam splitter 54 of David through quantum channel.
Charlie the 3rd light-pulse generator 31 reflection light pulse, the light pulse that the two-beam pulse being divided into 50:50 through the 3rd beam splitter 36 enters the 5th intensity modulator 37 and the 6th intensity modulator the 38, four intensity modulator 38 is respectively input to second phase modulator 39.Bob Stochastic choice prepares the quantum state of Z basic vector or X basic vector, if select Z basic vector, their light pulse is then passed through at random with the 5th intensity modulator 37 or the 6th intensity modulator 38 cancellation, only retain and have light pulse on the way, if select X basic vector, then the 5th intensity modulator 37, the 6th intensity modulator 38 not delustrings, allow third phase modulator 39 produce the phase place of 0 or π.The light pulse of the 5th intensity modulator 37 outgoing arrives the A end of the 6th beam splitter 54 of David through quantum channel, the light pulse of third phase modulator 39 outgoing arrives the B end of the 4th beam splitter 52 of David through quantum channel.
The light pulse of the first intensity modulator 17 outgoing and the light pulse of third phase modulator 39 outgoing arrive the 4th beam splitter 52 simultaneously and interfere, and are detected by the first single-photon detector 61, second single-photon detector 62; The light pulse of the 3rd intensity modulator 27 outgoing and the light pulse of first phase modulator 19 outgoing arrive the 5th beam splitter 53 simultaneously and interfere, and are detected by the 3rd single-photon detector 63, the 4th single-photon detector 64; The light pulse of the 5th intensity modulator 37 outgoing and the light pulse of second phase modulator 29 outgoing arrive the 6th beam splitter 54 simultaneously and interfere, and are detected by the 5th single-photon detector 65, the 6th single-photon detector 66.David according to the first single-photon detector 61, second single-photon detector 62, the 3rd single-photon detector 63, the 4th single-photon detector 64, the 5th single-photon detector 65, the 6th single-photon detector 66 meet the measurement result that response results judges GHZ state: correct GHZ state
response be three responses in six detectors, i.e. the first single-photon detector 61, the 3rd single-photon detector 63, the 5th single-photon detector 65, or the first single-photon detector 61, the 4th single-photon detector 64, the 6th single-photon detector 66, or the second single-photon detector 62, the 3rd single-photon detector 63, the 6th single-photon detector 66, or the second single-photon detector 62, the 4th single-photon detector 64, the 5th single-photon detector 65; Correct GHZ state
response be the first single-photon detector 61, the 3rd single-photon detector 63, the 6th single-photon detector 66, or the first single-photon detector 61, the 4th single-photon detector 64, the 5th single-photon detector 65, or the second single-photon detector 62, the 3rd single-photon detector 63, the 5th single-photon detector 65, or the second single-photon detector 62, the 4th single-photon detector 64, the 6th single-photon detector 66.
Above embodiment is only and technological thought of the present invention is described, can not limit protection scope of the present invention with this, and every technological thought proposed according to the present invention, any change that technical scheme basis is done, all falls within protection scope of the present invention.Polarization time encoding module prepared by the such as quantum state of Z basic vector and X basic vector has many kinds; as applied the polarization encoder device that 90 degree of faraday's speculums, phase-modulator and circulators are formed; unequal arm Mach increases the phase time code device that Dare interferometer, phase-modulator and intensity modulator are formed; quantum channel is all applicable for transmission mediums such as optical fiber, free space, fiber waveguides, and these improve and modification also should be considered as in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. practical tripartite's quantum communications method, is characterized in that: establish 4 quantum-key distribution nodes to be respectively Alice, Bob, Charlie and David, wherein David is the Centroid of other three quantum-key distribution node communications, comprises the following steps:
(1) tripartite prepares quantum state respectively: Alice, Bob and Charlie tripartite, respectively by the quantum state of the random preparation Z basic vector of linear optical element independent sum and X basic vector, comprises polarization encoder quantum state or phase path-time encoding quantum state;
(2) Centroid carries out the measurement of GHZ state: Centroid David carries out the projection measurement of GHZ state to the quantum state GHZ state analyzer received, GHZ state one for 3 particles has eight, and based on two that linear optical element can identify wherein, can identify that GHZ state is for polarization encoder
wherein | the quantum state of what H> was corresponding is horizontal polarization, and | for phase time coding, the quantum state of vertical polarization that what V> was corresponding is, can identify that GHZ state is
wherein | T
1> is the quantum state of first time pulse, and | T
2> is the quantum state of second time pulse;
(3) Alice, Bob and Charlie extract key: David and announce GHZ state projection measurement result by overt channel, Alice, Bob and Charlie carry out reprocessing by the classical channel of certification, are amplified the key forming final unconditional security by basic vector comparison, error correction and privacy.
2. practical tripartite's quantum communications method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step (1), the data measured under X basic vector meet relation:
X
a⊕ X
b⊕ X
cthe corresponding GHZ state of=0mod2
X
a⊕ X
b⊕ X
cthe corresponding GHZ state of=1mod2
Wherein, X
a, X
b, X
cbe respectively the data that Alice, Bob and Charlie measure under X basic vector.
3. practical tripartite's quantum communications method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step (1), the data measured under Z basic vector meet relation:
Z
A＝Z
B＝Z
C，
Wherein, Z
a, Z
b, Z
cbe respectively the data that Alice, Bob and Charlie measure under Z basic vector.
4. practical tripartite's quantum communication system, it is characterized in that: comprise the first quantum boxes, second quantum boxes, 3rd quantum boxes and the 4th quantum boxes, the first described quantum boxes comprises the first light-pulse generator and the first polarization time encoding module, the input of the first polarization time encoding module is connected with the first light-pulse generator, the second described quantum boxes comprises the second light-pulse generator and the second polarization time encoding module, the input of the second polarization time encoding module is connected with the second light-pulse generator, the 3rd described quantum boxes comprises the 3rd light-pulse generator and the 3rd polarization time encoding module, the input of the 3rd polarization time encoding module is connected with the 3rd light-pulse generator, the output of the first polarization time encoding module, the output of the second polarization time encoding module, the output of the 3rd polarization time encoding module is connected with the 4th quantum boxes respectively by least one quantum channel, the 4th described quantum boxes has six single-photon detectors.
5. practical tripartite's quantum communication system according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the first described polarization time encoding module comprises the first Polarization Controller, first circulator, first polarization beam apparatus and first phase modulator, the second described polarization time encoding module comprises the second Polarization Controller, second circulator, second polarization beam apparatus and second phase modulator, the 3rd described polarization time encoding module comprises the 3rd Polarization Controller, 3rd circulator, 3rd polarization beam apparatus and third phase modulator, 4th quantum boxes comprises the 4th Polarization Controller, 5th Polarization Controller, 6th Polarization Controller, 4th polarization beam apparatus, 5th polarization beam apparatus, 7th Polarization Controller, 8th Polarization Controller, 9th Polarization Controller, 6th polarization beam apparatus, 7th polarization beam apparatus, 8th polarization beam apparatus, first single-photon detector, second single-photon detector, 3rd single-photon detector, 4th single-photon detector, 5th single-photon detector and the 6th single-photon detector, first circulator, second circulator and the 3rd circulator all have A end, B end and C end, first polarization beam apparatus, second polarization beam apparatus, 3rd polarization beam apparatus, 6th polarization beam apparatus, 7th polarization beam apparatus, 8th polarization beam apparatus all has A end, B end and C end, 4th polarization beam apparatus, 5th polarization beam apparatus all has A end, B holds, C end and D end, the input of the first Polarization Controller is connected with the first light-pulse generator, the output of the first Polarization Controller is held with the A of the first circulator and is connected, the B of the first circulator holds the A end of connection first polarization beam apparatus, the two ends of first phase modulator connect the B end of the first polarization beam apparatus respectively, C holds, the C of the first circulator holds throughput subchannel to connect the input of the 4th Polarization Controller, the input of the second Polarization Controller is connected with the second light-pulse generator, the output of the second Polarization Controller is held with the A of the second circulator and is connected, the B of the second circulator holds the A end of connection second polarization beam apparatus, the two ends of second phase modulator connect the B end of the second polarization beam apparatus respectively, C holds, the C of the second circulator holds throughput subchannel to connect the input of the 5th Polarization Controller, the input of the 3rd Polarization Controller is connected with the 3rd light-pulse generator, the output of the 3rd Polarization Controller is held with the A of the 3rd circulator and is connected, the B of the 3rd circulator holds the A end of connection the 3rd polarization beam apparatus, the two ends of third phase modulator connect the B end of the 3rd polarization beam apparatus respectively, C holds, the C of the 3rd circulator holds throughput subchannel to connect the input of the 6th Polarization Controller, the output of the 4th Polarization Controller connects the B end of the 4th polarization beam apparatus, the output of the 5th Polarization Controller connects the A end of the 4th polarization beam apparatus, the output of the 6th Polarization Controller connects the A end of the 5th polarization beam apparatus, the D end of the 4th polarization beam apparatus is held with the B of the 5th polarization beam apparatus and is connected, the C of the 4th polarization beam apparatus holds the input of connection the 7th Polarization Controller, the output of the 7th Polarization Controller connects the A end of the 6th polarization beam apparatus, the B of the 6th polarization beam apparatus holds connection first single-photon detector, the C of the 6th polarization beam apparatus holds connection second single-photon detector, the C of the 5th polarization beam apparatus holds the input of connection the 8th Polarization Controller, the output of the 8th Polarization Controller connects the A end of the 7th polarization beam apparatus, the B of the 7th polarization beam apparatus holds connection the 3rd single-photon detector, the C of the 7th polarization beam apparatus holds connection the 4th single-photon detector, the D of the 5th polarization beam apparatus holds the input of connection the 9th Polarization Controller, the output of the 9th Polarization Controller connects the A end of the 8th polarization beam apparatus, the B of the 8th polarization beam apparatus holds connection the 5th single-photon detector, the C of the 8th polarization beam apparatus holds connection the 6th single-photon detector.
6. practical tripartite's quantum communication system according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the first described polarization time encoding module comprises the first beam splitter, first intensity modulator, second intensity modulator and first phase modulator, the second described polarization time encoding module comprises the second beam splitter, 3rd intensity modulator, 4th intensity modulator and second phase modulator, the 3rd described polarization time encoding module comprises the 3rd beam splitter, 5th intensity modulator, 6th intensity modulator and third phase modulator, 4th quantum boxes comprises the 4th beam splitter, 5th beam splitter, 6th beam splitter, first single-photon detector, second single-photon detector, 3rd single-photon detector, 4th single-photon detector, 5th single-photon detector and the 6th single-photon detector, first beam splitter, second beam splitter and the 3rd beam splitter all have A end, B end and C end, 4th beam splitter, 5th beam splitter, 6th beam splitter all has A end, B holds, C end and D end, the A end of the first beam splitter is connected with the first light-pulse generator, the B of the first beam splitter holds the input of connection first intensity modulator, the output throughput subchannel of the first intensity modulator connects the A end of the 4th beam splitter, the C of the first beam splitter holds the input of connection second intensity modulator, the output of the second intensity modulator connects the input of first phase modulator, the output throughput subchannel of first phase modulator connects the B end of the 5th beam splitter, the A end of the second beam splitter is connected with the second light-pulse generator, the B of the second beam splitter holds the input of connection the 3rd intensity modulator, the output throughput subchannel of the 3rd intensity modulator connects the A end of the 5th beam splitter, the C of the second beam splitter holds the input of connection the 4th intensity modulator, the output of the 4th intensity modulator connects the input of second phase modulator, the output throughput subchannel of second phase modulator connects the B end of the 6th beam splitter, the A end of the 3rd beam splitter is connected with the 3rd light-pulse generator, the B of the 3rd beam splitter holds the input of connection the 5th intensity modulator, the output throughput subchannel of the 5th intensity modulator connects the A end of the 6th beam splitter, the C of the 3rd beam splitter holds the input of connection the 6th intensity modulator, the output of the 6th intensity modulator connects the input of third phase modulator, the output throughput subchannel of third phase modulator connects the B end of the 4th beam splitter, the C of the 4th beam splitter holds connection first single-photon detector, the D of the 4th beam splitter holds connection second single-photon detector, the C of the 5th beam splitter holds connection the 3rd single-photon detector, the D of the 5th beam splitter holds connection the 4th single-photon detector, the C of the 6th beam splitter holds connection the 5th single-photon detector, the D of the 6th beam splitter holds connection the 6th single-photon detector.
7. the practical tripartite's quantum communication system according to claim 4 or 5 or 6, is characterized in that: described quantum channel is optical fiber or free space or fiber waveguide.
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| CN110098930A (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2019-08-06 | 成都信息工程大学 | A kind of two side's quantum key agreement methods and system based on Bell state |
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