CN110460388A - Time phase decoding apparatus and quantum key distribution system including it - Google Patents
Time phase decoding apparatus and quantum key distribution system including it Download PDFInfo
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- CN110460388A CN110460388A CN201910528207.9A CN201910528207A CN110460388A CN 110460388 A CN110460388 A CN 110460388A CN 201910528207 A CN201910528207 A CN 201910528207A CN 110460388 A CN110460388 A CN 110460388A
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 24
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- GQYHUHYESMUTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium niobate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Nb](=O)=O GQYHUHYESMUTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/60—Receivers
- H04B10/66—Non-coherent receivers, e.g. using direct detection
- H04B10/67—Optical arrangements in the receiver
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/60—Receivers
- H04B10/66—Non-coherent receivers, e.g. using direct detection
- H04B10/67—Optical arrangements in the receiver
- H04B10/671—Optical arrangements in the receiver for controlling the input optical signal
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/70—Photonic quantum communication
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/80—Optical aspects relating to the use of optical transmission for specific applications, not provided for in groups H04B10/03 - H04B10/70, e.g. optical power feeding or optical transmission through water
- H04B10/85—Protection from unauthorised access, e.g. eavesdrop protection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0819—Key transport or distribution, i.e. key establishment techniques where one party creates or otherwise obtains a secret value, and securely transfers it to the other(s)
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
- H04L9/0858—Details about key distillation or coding, e.g. reconciliation, error correction, privacy amplification, polarisation coding or phase coding
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Abstract
The present invention proposes time phase decoding apparatus and the quantum key distribution system including it.The time phase decoding apparatus includes beam splitter, respectively two polarized orthogonal rotary reflection devices, phase-modulator, single single-photon detectors through two arms Yu beam splitter optical coupling.Each reflection unit includes the polarization beam apparatus with input port and two output ports, and is coupled to respective arms through the input port.It is optically coupled to one another that two output ports pass through the transmission optical path including polarized orthogonal rotating device.Single-photon detector is coupled to one of the port for not being coupled to two arms of beam splitter, for detecting within a pulse period to the signal of continuous first time slot, the second time slot and third time slot.Phase-modulator is set to one of beam splitter front end, two arms above or in the transmission optical path of a reflection unit.The solution of the present invention is resistant to polarization induction decline, and helps to eliminate or reduce the safety issue that multi-detector generates.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to optical transport private communication technology field more particularly to a kind of time phase decoding apparatus and quantum are close
Key dissemination system.
Background technique
Quantum Secure Communication is the forward position focus field that quantum physics are combined with information science.Based on quantum key
Distribution technology and one time cryptosystem principle, quantum secret communication can be in the safe transmissions of overt channel realization information.Quantum is close
Key distribution can be realized based on physical principles such as quantum mechanics Heisenberg uncertainty relationship, quantum non-clone principles in user
Between safely shared key, and can detecte potential eavesdropping behavior, it is contour to can be applied to national defence, government affairs, finance, electric power
The field of security information transmission demand.
Ground quantum key distribution is based primarily upon fibre channel transmission, because phase code uses the phase of front and back light pulse
Difference carrys out encoded information, can stablize holding during long-distance optical fiber transmission, so being carried out using unequal arm interferometer
Phase code or time phase encoding scheme comprising one group of phase code are the primary coding schemes of quantum key distribution application.
However, there are non-circular symmetrical, the fiber core refractive index radially non-idealities such as uneven distribution, and optical fiber in section for optical fiber fabrication
It is influenced in the actual environment by temperature, strain, bending etc., random birefringence effect can be generated.Therefore, light pulse is through long range light
Fibre transmits and after the transmission of unequal arm interferometer two-arm optical fiber, exists when carrying out phase decoding interference by unequal arm interferometer
The problem of polarization induction decline, causes decoding interference unstable, the bit error rate is caused to increase.If will increase using correcting device and be
Complexity of uniting and cost, and stable application is difficult to realize for strong jammings situations such as aerial optical cable, road and bridge optical cables.In addition, the time
The decoding of phase code quantum key distribution system generally comprises time base decoding optical path and phase base decoding optical path with right respectively
Time base and phase base carry out selecting base decoding detection, this needs four detectors, and system cost is high, and due to four detectors
Can exist inconsistent to there is potential attack loophole.
For time phase encoding scheme, how to carry out to stability and high efficiency interference decoding is based on existing optical cable infrastructure
Carry out the hot spot and problem of quantum secret communication application.
Summary of the invention
It is a primary object of the present invention to propose a kind of time phase decoding apparatus and quantum based on the decoding apparatus is close
Key dissemination system, to solve phase decoding interference caused by polarization induction declines in time phase coding quantum key distribution application
Unstable problem.Also, the invention enables the detector for reducing quantity can be used, thus eliminates or reduce multi-detector and produce
Raw safety issue, and appreciably reduce manufacturing cost and system complexity.
The present invention provides at least following technical scheme:
1. a kind of time phase decoding apparatus, comprising: beam splitter, two respectively through two arms and the beam splitter optical coupling
A reflection unit, phase-modulator, single single-photon detector, wherein
Each reflection unit is polarized orthogonal rotary reflection device, one of described two reflection units or each institute
Stating reflection unit includes the polarization beam apparatus with input port and two output ports, and the input through the polarization beam apparatus
Port is coupled to the respective arms in described two arms, and two output ports of the polarization beam apparatus are transmitted optical path optocoupler each other
It closes, the transmission optical path includes polarized orthogonal rotating device；
The single-photon detector is coupled to an end in the port for not being coupled to described two arms of the beam splitter
Mouthful, for being detected within a pulse period to the signal of continuous first time slot, the second time slot and third time slot, wherein
One pulse period includes first time slot, the second time slot and third time slot,
At least one of wherein the phase-modulator is set to the beam splitter front end, or be set to described two arms
On, or being set at least one includes in the transmission optical path of the reflection unit of polarization beam apparatus.
2. time phase decoding apparatus according to scheme 1, further include setting the single-photon detector with it is described
Optical circulator between one port of beam splitter, the optical circulator include first port, second port and third end
Mouthful, the optical circulator is coupled to one port of the beam splitter via its second port, the optical circulator via
Its third port is coupled to the single-photon detector, wherein the first port of the optical circulator is time phase decoding
The input port of device, the light pulse inputted from the first port of the optical circulator are defeated by the second port of the optical circulator
Out to the beam splitter, the light pulse to the second port of the optical circulator is exported by the optical circulator from the beam splitter
Third port output.
3. time phase decoding apparatus according to scheme 1, wherein 0 degree of phase of the phase-modulator Stochastic Modulation or
180 degree phase.
4. a kind of time phase decoding apparatus, comprising: beam splitter, two respectively through two arms and the beam splitter optical coupling
A reflection unit, the first single-photon detector, the second single-photon detector and optical circulator, wherein
Each reflection unit is polarized orthogonal rotary reflection device, one of described two reflection units or each institute
Stating reflection unit includes the polarization beam apparatus with input port and two output ports, and the input through the polarization beam apparatus
Port is coupled to the respective arms in described two arms, and two output ports of the polarization beam apparatus are transmitted optical path optocoupler each other
It closes, the transmission optical path includes polarized orthogonal rotating device；
The optical circulator includes first port, second port and third port, and is coupled to institute via its second port
The a port in the port for not being coupled to described two arms of beam splitter is stated, when the first port of the optical circulator is described
Between phase decoding device input port, by the optical circulator first port input light pulse by the optical circulator
Second port is exported to the beam splitter, exports the light pulse to the second port of the optical circulator by institute by the beam splitter
State the third port output of optical circulator；
First single-photon detector is coupled to another in the port for not being coupled to described two arms of the beam splitter
A port, for being detected to the light pulse exported from another described port；
Second single-photon detector is coupled to the third port of the optical circulator, for from the optical circulator
Third port output light pulse detected,
Wherein, one in first single-photon detector and the second single-photon detector within a pulse period extremely
It is few that the signal of continuous first time slot and the second time slot is detected, first single-photon detector and the second single-photon detecting
Another surveyed in device at least detects the signal of continuous second time slot and third time slot within a pulse period,
Described in a pulse period include first time slot, the second time slot and third time slot.
5. time phase decoding apparatus according to scheme 4, further includes:
The direct current phase-modulator being set at least one of described two arms；Or
Being set at least one includes the direct current phase-modulator in the transmission optical path of the reflection unit of polarization beam apparatus.
6. the time phase decoding apparatus according to scheme 1 or 4, wherein the beam splitter is polarization-maintaining coupler.
7. the time phase decoding apparatus according to any one of scheme 1~6, wherein
The transmission optical path itself constitutes polarized orthogonal rotating device, is formed such that by the polarization maintaining optical fibre that torsion is turn 90 degrees by institute
State polarization beam apparatus two output ports output light pulse be all coupled to the polarization maintaining optical fibre slow axis carry out transmission or
The fast axle for being coupled to the polarization maintaining optical fibre is transmitted；Or
The transmission optical routing includes that the polarization maintaining optical fibre of 90 degree of fusion points of odd number is formed, 90 degree of fusion points of the odd number
Serve as polarized orthogonal rotating device；Or
The polarized orthogonal rotating device is the half-wave plate being set in the transmission optical path, inputs the light of the half-wave plate
The angle of the fast axle or slow axis of the polarization direction of pulse and the half-wave plate is 45 degree.
8. the time phase decoding apparatus according to any one of scheme 1~6, wherein described two arms are respectively polarization
Optical path is kept, the optical device on described two arms is that polarization keeps optical device and/or non-birefringent optical device.
9. according to time phase decoding apparatus described in scheme 8, wherein it is polarization maintaining optical fibre light that the polarization, which keeps optical path,
Road.
10. a kind of quantum key distribution system, comprising:
The time phase decoding apparatus according to any one of scheme 1~9 is arranged in the quantum key distribution system
The receiving end of system, for decoding.
The present invention makes it possible to steadily carry out volume solution to the input optical pulse of random polarization state by creative construction
Code interference, it is thus achieved that unexpected beneficial effect.Using the solution of the present invention, for the input light arteries and veins of random polarization state
Punching, which may be implemented to encode in quantum key distribution system in time phase, stablizes interference output, solution at phase base decoding interferometer
Determined time phase coding quantum key distribution application in polarization induction decline cause system can not steady operation the problem of.And
And the invention enables the detector (one or two single-photon detector) for reducing quantity can be used, thus eliminates or reduce
The safety issue that multi-detector generates, and appreciably reduce manufacturing cost and system complexity.The present invention provides a kind of easy
Quantum key distribution decoding scheme is encoded in the time phase of the anti-polarization induction decline of implementation and application.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the composed structure schematic diagram of the time phase decoding apparatus of one embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the composed structure schematic diagram of the time phase decoding apparatus of another preferred embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the composed structure schematic diagram of the time phase decoding apparatus of another preferred embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the composed structure schematic diagram of the time phase decoding apparatus of another preferred embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the composed structure schematic diagram of the time phase decoding apparatus of another preferred embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is a kind of composition knot of polarized orthogonal rotary reflection device of time phase decoding apparatus for use in the present invention
Structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 7 is the composition of another polarized orthogonal rotary reflection device of time phase decoding apparatus for use in the present invention
Structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 8 is the composition of another polarized orthogonal rotary reflection device of time phase decoding apparatus for use in the present invention
Structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 9 is a kind of polarized orthogonal rotation with phase-modulation function of time phase decoding apparatus for use in the present invention
Turn the composed structure schematic diagram of reflection unit；
Figure 10 is that the another kind of time phase decoding apparatus for use in the present invention has the polarization of phase-modulation function just
Hand over the composed structure schematic diagram of rotary reflection device；
Figure 11 is that the another kind of time phase decoding apparatus for use in the present invention has the polarization of phase-modulation function just
Hand over the composed structure schematic diagram of rotary reflection device；
Figure 12 is the figure for schematically showing the first time slot in a pulse period, the second time slot and third time slot.
Specific embodiment
Specifically describing the preferred embodiment of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawing, wherein attached drawing constitutes the application a part, and
Together with embodiments of the present invention for illustrating the principle of the present invention.For purpose of clarity and simplification, when it may make the present invention
Theme it is smudgy when, illustrating and omitting in detail to the known function and structure of device described herein.
The time phase decoding apparatus of one embodiment of the present invention is as shown in Figure 1, include consisting of part: beam splitter
101, two reflection units 102 and 103, single-photon detector 104.
Two reflection units 102 and 103 are respectively through two arms (upper and lower arms in Fig. 1) and 101 optical coupling of beam splitter.
According to the present invention, two reflection units 102 and 103 are polarized orthogonal rotary reflection device.
Here, polarized orthogonal rotary reflection device refers to that one kind can be to two orthogonal polarisation states of the light pulse reflected
Make polarized orthogonal rotary reflection, i.e. in the incident light pulse of reflection by each orthogonal polarisation state of the light pulse be transformed into and its
The reflection unit of orthogonal polarization state.For example, it is assumed that the two orthogonal polarisation states are respectively x-polarisation state and y-polarisation state, edge
The x-polarisation state of optic path to a polarized orthogonal rotary reflection device becomes after polarized orthogonal rotary reflection at reflection unit
It changes orthogonal to that polarization state i.e. y-polarisation state into, is passed through at reflection unit along the y-polarisation state of optic path to the reflection unit inclined
It shakes and is transformed into orthogonal to that polarization state i.e. x-polarisation state after orthogonal rotary reflection.
Beam splitter 101 is used to the beam splitting of input optical pulse all the way of incident random polarization state be two-way light pulse with respectively
It is transmitted along two arms.
Two arms for transmitting the two-way light pulse respectively.
The device of Fig. 1 further includes phase-modulator, and the phase-modulator may be disposed at 101 front end of beam splitter or be set to
At least one of described two arms are upper or at least one of being set to reflection unit 102 and 103, and according to quantum key point
It sends out agreement and phase-modulation is carried out to the light pulse through its transmission.In described two arms or in two reflection units 102 and 103
In the case where each including phase-modulator, the difference for the phase that the two phase-modulators are modulated is assisted by quantum key distribution
View determines, depends on specific application.
Time phase decoding apparatus can only include a single-photon detector, single-photon detector as shown in Figure 1
104.Single-photon detector 104 is coupled to an output port of beam splitter 101, when within a pulse period to first
The signal of gap, the second time slot and third time slot is detected.At this point, the phase-modulator can 0 degree of phase of Stochastic Modulation or 180
Spend phase.
It is possible that time phase decoding apparatus includes two single-photon detectors, device further includes optical circulator at this time.
It is illustrated by means of Fig. 1, one (such as single-photon detector 104 shown in FIG. 1) coupling in two single-photon detectors
To a port of 101 side of beam splitter, for being detected to the light pulse exported from the port.The optical circulator can position
In 101 front end of beam splitter, it is coupled to another port of 101 side of beam splitter.The optical circulator includes first port, second
Port and third port.The light pulse inputted from the first port of the optical circulator is exported by its second port to beam splitter
101, the light pulse inputted from the second port of the optical circulator is exported by its third port.In two single-photon detectors
Another is coupled to the third port of the optical circulator, for the optical circulator third port output light pulse into
Row detection.Letter of any of two single-photon detectors within a pulse period at least to the first time slot and the second time slot
It number is detected, another in two single-photon detectors is within a pulse period at least to the second time slot and third time slot
Signal detected.At this point, the phase-modulator is direct current phase-modulator.
Time phase coded light pulses include four kinds of coded light pulses states, are two time bits of encoded light pulses respectively
State and two phase code light pulse states.As shown in figure 12, two time bits of encoded light pulse states respectively correspond
One time slot light pulse and the second time slot light pulse；Two phase code light pulse states respectively correspond the first time slot light pulse and the
Two time slot light pulse phase differences are 0 degree and the first time slot light pulse and the second time slot light pulse phase difference are the state of 180 degree.
Corresponding state after four kinds of coded light pulses decoding of time phase coding are as follows: time bits of encoded the first time slot light pulse decoding
After become the first time slot and the second time slot former and later two sub-light pulses；Become after time bits of encoded the second time slot light pulse decoding
Second time slot and third time slot former and later two sub-light pulses；The corresponding first time slot light pulse of phase code and the second time slot light pulse
The state that phase difference is 0 degree becomes three the first time slot, the second time slot and third time slot light pulses after decoding, wherein when second
Gap is that the sub-light pulse to be formed is interfered in two light pulses, defeated from a port interference coherent phase length in two ports of beam splitter
Out；The corresponding first time slot light pulse of phase code and the second time slot light pulse phase difference be 180 degree state decoding after become the
Three one time slot, the second time slot and third time slot light pulses, wherein the second time slot is the sub-light that two light pulses are interfered to be formed
Pulse, from the long output of another port interference coherent phase in two ports of beam splitter.At this point, the phase-modulator can be
Direct current phase-modulator, and at least one of two arms for being set to corresponding time phase decoding apparatus it is upper or be set to
In the transmission optical path of a few reflection unit including polarization beam apparatus.
In a kind of possible application, device only includes a single-photon detector, and the single-photon detector is to an arteries and veins
The signal of three time slots rushed in the period is detected.When transmitting terminal is encoded using time base, if single-photon detector only exists
First time slot has response or only has response in third time slot, then generates key according to detection result；If single-photon detector only exists
Second time slot has response or has response in two or three time slots, then detection result is given up or post-processed according to quantum key distribution
Algorithm generates decoding result.When transmitting terminal is encoded using phase base, if single-photon detector only has response, root in the second time slot
Key is generated according to detection result and the phase of phase modulator modulation；If single-photon detector is only in the first time slot or only in third
Time slot has response, or has response in two or three time slots, then detection result is given up or post-processed according to quantum key distribution and calculated
Method generates decoding result.
In alternatively possible application, device includes two single-photon detectors, respectively the first single-photon detector
With the second single-photon detector；Signal of first single-photon detector to the first time slot and the second time slot in a pulse period
It is detected, the second single-photon detector detects the signal of the second time slot and third time slot in a pulse period.
When transmitting terminal is encoded using time base, if the first single-photon detector only has response in the first time slot, according to detection result
Generate key；If the first single-photon detector only has response in the second time slot or has response, detection result house in two time slots
It abandons or decoding result is generated according to quantum key distribution post-processing algorithm.When transmitting terminal is encoded using time base, if second is single
Photon detector only has response in third time slot, then generates key according to detection result；If the second single-photon detector is only
Two time slots have response or have response in two time slots, then detection result is given up or generated according to quantum key distribution post-processing algorithm
Decoding result.When transmitting terminal is encoded using phase base, if the first single-photon detector only has response in the second time slot, according to spy
It surveys result and generates key；If the first single-photon detector only has response, detection result house in the first time slot or in two time slots
It abandons or decoding result is generated according to quantum key distribution post-processing algorithm.When transmitting terminal is encoded using phase base, if second is single
Photon detector only has response in the second time slot, generates key according to detection result；If the second single-photon detector is only in third
Time slot has response in two time slots, then detection result is given up or generates decoding knot according to quantum key distribution post-processing algorithm
Fruit.
In another possible application, device includes two single-photon detectors, respectively first single photon detection
Device and the second single-photon detector；Each of first single-photon detector and the second single-photon detector are to a pulse week
The signal of three time slots in phase is detected.When transmitting terminal is encoded using time base, if the first single-photon detector only exists
First time slot has response or only has response in third time slot, then generates key according to detection result；If the first single-photon detector
Only have response in the second time slot or in two or three time slots have response, then detection result give up or according to quantum key distribution after
Processing Algorithm generates decoding result.When transmitting terminal is encoded using time base, if the second single-photon detector is only in the first time slot
There is response or only have response in third time slot, then key is generated according to detection result；If the second single-photon detector is only second
Time slot has response or has response in two or three time slots, then detection result is given up or according to quantum key distribution post-processing algorithm
Generate decoding result.When transmitting terminal is encoded using phase base, if the first single-photon detector only has response, root in the second time slot
Key is generated according to detection result；First single-photon detector only in the first time slot or only in third time slot have response or at two or
Three time slots have response, then detection result is given up or generates decoding result according to quantum key distribution post-processing algorithm.Work as transmitting
When end is using phase base coding, if the second single-photon detector only has response in the second time slot, key is generated according to detection result；
If the second single-photon detector only in the first time slot or only has response in third time slot or has response in two or three time slots,
Detection result is given up or generates decoding result according to quantum key distribution post-processing algorithm.
In the case where the phase-modulator is set to 101 front end of beam splitter, the phase-modulator can be polarization
Unrelated phase-modulator；The feelings at least one of two arms of time phase decoding apparatus are set in the phase-modulator
Under condition, the phase-modulator can be birefringent phase modulator；Time phase decoding is set in the phase-modulator
In the case where in the reflection unit of device, the phase-modulator can be birefringent phase modulator or single polarization phase modulation
Device.Single polarization phase modulator applies phase-modulation to a polarization state, ends to another polarization state.Birefringent phase modulation
Device is suitable for applying different adjustable phase-modulations to by its two orthogonal polarisation states.For example, birefringent phase modulator
It can be lithium niobate phase modulator, be applied to the voltage of lithium columbate crystal by controlling, it can be to passing through the lithium niobate phase
The phase-modulation that two orthogonal polarisation states of modulator are respectively subjected to is controlled and is adjusted.
Reflection unit 102 and 103 is respectively used to will be from the two-way of beam splitter 101 come through the transmission of described two arms
Light pulse reflected back into beam splitter 101 is to close beam output by beam splitter 101.
Since two reflection units 102 and 103 are polarized orthogonal rotary reflection device, in the two-way light pulse
Per light pulse all the way: the road light pulse is through the corresponding reflection unit reflection road the Shi Gai light pulse in described two reflection units
Two orthogonal polarisation states make polarized orthogonal rotary reflection, so that after the reflection via the corresponding reflection unit, the road light pulse
Each orthogonal polarisation state be transformed into orthogonal to that polarization state.In this way, for the time phase decoding apparatus of Fig. 1, using inclined
The polarized orthogonal rotary reflection to shake at orthogonal rotary reflection device, the x-polarisation state of input optical pulse is in beam splitter beam splitting to beam splitting
Device close the phase difference that is transmitted through described two arms during beam be exactly equal to the y-polarisation state of the light pulse beam splitter beam splitting extremely
The phase difference that beam splitter transmits during closing beam through described two arms.
The invention proposes three kinds of creative polarized orthogonal rotary reflection device constructions, i.e. configurations discussed below 1, structure
Make 2 and construction 3.
According to construction 1, polarized orthogonal rotary reflection device includes polarization beam apparatus, which has input port
, transmission optical path optically coupled to one another through a transmission optical path with two output ports of two output ports, the polarization beam apparatus
On be provided with half-wave plate, the angle for inputting the polarization direction of the light pulse of the half-wave plate and the fast axle of the half-wave plate or slow axis is 45
Degree.The transmission optical path can be formed by polarization maintaining optical fibre；In the case, light pulse is after the polarization beam apparatus beam splitting along described
Polarization maintaining optical fibre transmission, the slow axis of polarization maintaining optical fibre and the angle of the fast axle of the half-wave plate or slow axis for forming the transmission optical path are 45
Degree.With construction 1 polarized orthogonal rotary reflection device when for time phase decoding apparatus of the invention, can by by its
The reflection unit is couple the arm by the arm that the input port of polarization beam apparatus is coupled to time phase decoding apparatus.
According to construction 2, polarized orthogonal rotary reflection device includes polarization beam apparatus, which has input port
, the transmission light optically coupled to one another through a transmission optical path with two output ports of two output ports, the polarization beam apparatus
Routing polarization maintaining optical fibre is formed, and the slow axis and fast axle of the polarization maintaining optical fibre keep inputting respectively two of the light pulse of the polarization maintaining optical fibre
Orthogonal polarisation state stablizes transmission --- and i.e. polarization state is constant, and two output ports of the polarization beam apparatus and the polarization maintaining optical fibre structure
Cause so that, by the polarization beam apparatus two output ports export light pulse be all coupled to the polarization maintaining optical fibre slow axis carry out
The fast axle for transmitting or being all coupled to the polarization maintaining optical fibre is transmitted.Here, it is exported by two output ports of the polarization beam apparatus
Light pulse be all coupled to the polarization maintaining optical fibre slow axis transmitted or be all coupled to the polarization maintaining optical fibre fast axle carry out transmission can
It turn 90 degrees or reverses (90+n*180) degree by polarization maintaining optical fibre torsion to realize, wherein n is integer.No matter polarization maintaining optical fibre torsion or
It does not reverse, the light pulse inputted from the slow axis of polarization maintaining optical fibre (is stablized along slow axis and transmitted) along slow axis transmission always, from polarization-maintaining
The light pulse of the fast axle input of optical fiber (is stablized along fast axle and is transmitted) along fast axle transmission always.Polarized orthogonal with construction 2
Rotary reflection device, can be by by the input port coupling of its polarization beam apparatus when for time phase decoding apparatus of the invention
The reflection unit is couple the arm by an arm for being bonded to time phase decoding apparatus.
According to construction 3, polarized orthogonal rotary reflection device includes polarization beam apparatus, which has input port
, the transmission light optically coupled to one another through a transmission optical path with two output ports of two output ports, the polarization beam apparatus
Routing is formed comprising the polarization maintaining optical fibre of 90 degree of fusion points of odd number, and each 90 degree of fusion points are by polarization maintaining optical fibre slow axis and polarization maintaining optical fibre
Fast axle alignment welding forms.Polarized orthogonal rotary reflection device with construction 3 is decoding dress for time phase of the invention
When setting, the reflection can be filled by an arm for coupleeing time phase decoding apparatus for the input port of its polarization beam apparatus
It sets and is coupled to the arm.
For the polarized orthogonal rotary reflection device of any configuration in above-mentioned construction 1, construction 2 and construction 3, polarized orthogonal rotation
Turn to be inserted with a phase-modulator in the transmission optical path between two output ports of polarization beam apparatus in reflection unit.
Here, the polarized orthogonal rotary reflection device including phase-modulator is properly termed as " having phase-modulation function
Polarized orthogonal rotary reflection device ".
The time phase decoding apparatus of Fig. 1 is returned to, at least one of reflection unit 102 and 103 can be for using above-mentioned structure
Make the polarized orthogonal rotary reflection device of one of 1, construction 2 and construction 3.Reflection dress in reflection unit 102 and 103
When being set to the polarized orthogonal rotary reflection device using one of above-mentioned construction 1, construction 2 and construction 3, another reflection unit can
Think the polarized orthogonal rotary reflection device using one of above-mentioned construction 1, construction 2 and construction 3, or other constructions
Polarized orthogonal rotary reflection device.The polarized orthogonal rotary reflection device of other constructions can be such as quarter-wave plate
Reflecting mirror." quarter-wave plate reflecting mirror " includes reflecting mirror and quarter-wave plate, and the reflecting mirror is in a quarter
Wave plate rear end is integrally formed with the quarter-wave plate, wherein two for inputting the light pulse of the quarter-wave plate are orthogonal
The angle of the polarization direction of one of polarization state and the fast axle of the quarter-wave plate or slow axis is 45 degree.Reflection unit 102 and/
Or in the case that 103 use the quarter-wave plate reflecting mirror, if the respective arms that reflection unit 102 and/or 103 is coupled are guarantor
Inclined optic fibre light path forms the slow axis of the polarization maintaining optical fibre of the polarization maintaining optical fibre optical path and the fast axle of the quarter-wave plate or slow axis
Angle is 45 degree.Quarter-wave plate reflecting mirror can be realized by plating reflecting mirror in quarter-wave plate plane of crystal, also may be used
It plates reflecting mirror and realizes in polarization maintaining optical fibre end face by transmitting 90 degree of phase phase difference in fast and slow axis.
In a kind of possible application, the phase-modulator is located in reflection unit 102 and/or reflection unit 103, i.e.,
In transmission optical path between two output ports of polarization beam apparatus in corresponding reflection unit.Reflection unit 102 and 103
One or two of may include phase-modulator.For example, the only one reflection unit in reflection unit 102 and 103 is
When using above-mentioned construction 1, construction 2 and constructing one of 3 polarized orthogonal rotary reflection device, which includes phase
Position modulator.Two reflection units in reflection unit 102 and 103 are respectively using any in above-mentioned construction 1, construction 2 and construction 3
Polarized orthogonal rotary reflection device when, one or two of the two reflection units may include phase-modulator.
It, can be by adjusting the length of two arms and/or adjusting two reflection dresses for the time phase decoding apparatus of Fig. 1
The transmission optical path in one or two reflection unit for using the construction selected from construction 1, construction 2 and construction 3 in 102 and 103 is set,
Realize the relative time delay of above-mentioned two-way light pulse.
In the case where reflection unit uses selected from construction 1, construction 2 and constructs 3 construction, can will decode time phase
Two arms of device are configured to polarization and keep optical path, and configure polarization for the optical device on described two arms and keep optical device
And/or non-birefringent optical device.In this way, every light pulse all the way in the two-way light pulse obtained for beam splitting: this can be kept
Two orthogonal polarisation states of road light pulse are remained unchanged in beam splitter beam splitting to during the reflection of corresponding reflection unit, and in the phase
It answers reflection unit to reflex to during the beam splitter closes beam to remain unchanged.In general, polarization keeps optical path to can be free space optical
Road or polarization maintaining optical fibre optical path.Herein, " non-birefringent optical device " refers to for different polarization states (for example, two orthogonal inclined
Polarization state) optical device with identical refractive index.In addition, polarization keeps optical device to be alternatively referred to as polarization-maintaining optical device.
In addition, beam splitter 101 can be polarization-maintaining beam splitter, such as 2 × 2 polarization-maintaining couplers.
The time phase decoding apparatus of one embodiment of the present invention is as shown in Fig. 2, include consisting of part: polarization-maintaining point
Beam device 202, polarized orthogonal rotary reflection device 203 and polarized orthogonal rotary reflection device 204 (are hereafter also referred to as reflection dress
Set 203 and reflection unit 204), single-photon detector 205.
Input port of a port 201 of 202 side of polarization-maintaining beam splitter as time phase decoding apparatus.Polarization-maintaining beam splitting
Device 202 and reflection unit 203 and 204 constitute unequal arm Michelson's interferometer, and two arms therebetween are polarization maintaining optical fibre optical path.Instead
At least one of injection device 203 and reflection unit 204 include phase-modulator.Another port of 202 side of polarization-maintaining beam splitter
With 205 optical coupling of single-photon detector.Single-photon detector 205 is used to receive the light arteries and veins of unequal arm Michelson's interferometer output
Rush signal.The signal of output to single-photon detector 205 includes three time slots in one pulse period, these three time slots are respectively
First time slot, the second time slot and third time slot.Single-photon detector 205 within a pulse period to the first time slot, second when
The signal of gap and third time slot is detected.
When work, port 201 of the light pulse through polarization-maintaining beam splitter 202 is into polarization-maintaining beam splitter 202 and by polarization-maintaining beam splitter
202 are beamed into two-way light pulse.Light pulse all the way from polarization-maintaining beam splitter 202 is transmitted to reflection unit 203 through polarization maintaining optical fibre
And reflected by reflection unit 203, the another way light pulse from polarization-maintaining beam splitter 202 is transmitted to reflection dress through polarization maintaining optical fibre
Set 204 and reflected by reflection unit 204, therebetween the phase-modulator in reflection unit 203 and/or 204 to by its
Light pulse carries out phase-modulation according to quantum key distribution agreement.Reflected two-way light pulse through relative time delay is through polarization-maintaining
Beam splitter 202 is exported by another port to single-photon detector 205 after closing beam, and single-photon detector 205 is in a pulse period
The interior signal to three time slots detects.
The time phase decoding apparatus of another preferred embodiment of the present invention is as shown in figure 3, include consisting of part: the ring of light
Shape device 302, polarization-maintaining beam splitter 303, polarized orthogonal rotary reflection device 304 and polarized orthogonal rotary reflection device 305 are (hereafter also
It is referred to as reflection unit 304 and reflection unit 305) and single-photon detector 306 and 307.
Optical circulator 302 includes three ports, these three ports are respectively port A, port B and port C.By optical circulator
The light pulse of 302 port A input is exported by its port B, and the light pulse inputted by the port B of optical circulator 302 is by its port C
Output.The port A of optical circulator 302 namely port 301 are the input port of device.Polarization-maintaining beam splitter 303 and reflection unit 304
Unequal arm Michelson's interferometer is constituted with 305, two arms therebetween are polarization maintaining optical fibre optical path.303 side of polarization-maintaining beam splitter
A port couples directly to the port B of optical circulator 302, and the port C of optical circulator 302 is coupled to single-photon detector 307.
Another port of 303 side of polarization-maintaining beam splitter is coupled to single-photon detector 306.In reflection unit 304 and reflection unit 305
At least one include direct current phase-modulator.Single-photon detector 306 receives defeated by the above-mentioned another port of polarization-maintaining beam splitter 303
Light pulse signal out, the reception of single-photon detector 307 are exported by the said one port of polarization-maintaining beam splitter 303 to optical circulator
302 and by optical circulator 302 output to single-photon detector 307 light pulse signal.Unequal arm mikey in one pulse period
Your signal of inferior interferometer output includes three time slots, these three time slots are respectively the first time slot, the second time slot and third time slot.
One in single-photon detector 306 and 307 within a pulse period at least to the signal of the first time slot and the second time slot into
Row detection, another in single-photon detector 306 and 307 is within a pulse period at least to the second time slot and third time slot
Signal detected.
When work, port A namely port 301 of the light pulse through optical circulator 302 are input to optical circulator 302.By the ring of light
The light pulse that the port A of shape device 302 is input to optical circulator 302 is exported through the port B of optical circulator 302 to polarization-maintaining beam splitter
303, and two-way light pulse is beamed by polarization-maintaining beam splitter 303.Light pulse all the way from polarization-maintaining beam splitter 303 is through polarization maintaining optical fibre
It is transmitted to reflection unit 304 and is reflected by reflection unit 304, the another way light pulse from polarization-maintaining beam splitter 303 is through protecting
Polarisation fibre is transmitted to reflection unit 305 and is reflected by reflection unit 305, straight in reflection unit 304 and/or 305 therebetween
It flows phase-modulator and direct current phase-modulation is carried out according to quantum key distribution agreement to the light pulse by it.Through relative time delay
Reflected two-way light pulse through polarization-maintaining beam splitter 303 close beam after by the above-mentioned another port of polarization-maintaining beam splitter 303 export to
Single-photon detector 306, or exported to the port B of optical circulator 302 and passed through by the said one port of polarization-maintaining beam splitter 303
The port C of optical circulator 302 is exported to single-photon detector 307.Single-photon detector 306 at least to the first time slot and second when
The signal of gap is detected, and single-photon detector 307 at least detects the signal of the second time slot and third time slot；Alternatively,
Single-photon detector 306 at least detects the signal of the second time slot and third time slot, and single-photon detector 307 is at least to
The signal of one time slot and the second time slot is detected.
The time phase decoding apparatus of another preferred embodiment of the present invention is as shown in figure 4, include consisting of part: polarization-maintaining
Beam splitter 402, phase-modulator 403, polarized orthogonal rotary reflection device 404 and polarized orthogonal rotary reflection device 405 are (hereafter
Also reflection unit 404 and reflection unit 405 are referred to as), single-photon detector 406.
The port 401 of 402 side of polarization-maintaining beam splitter is the input port of device.Polarization-maintaining beam splitter 402 and reflection unit 404
Unequal arm Michelson's interferometer is constituted with 405, two arms therebetween are polarization maintaining optical fibre optical path.Phase-modulator 403 is located at not
In two arms of equiarm Michelson's interferometer on any arm.Another port of 402 side of polarization-maintaining beam splitter and single photon detection
406 optical coupling of device.Single-photon detector 406 is used to receive the light pulse signal of unequal arm Michelson's interferometer output.One
The signal of output to single-photon detector 406 includes three time slots in pulse period, these three time slots are respectively the first time slot, the
Two time slots and third time slot.Single-photon detector 406 is within a pulse period to the first time slot, the second time slot and third time slot
Signal detected.
When work, port 401 of the light pulse through polarization-maintaining beam splitter 402 is into polarization-maintaining beam splitter 402 and by polarization-maintaining beam splitter
402 are beamed into two-way light pulse.The phase modulated device 403 of light pulse all the way from polarization-maintaining beam splitter 402 carries out phase-modulation
It is reflected afterwards by reflection unit 404, the another way light pulse from polarization-maintaining beam splitter 402 is directly transmitted to instead through polarization maintaining optical fibre
Injection device 405 is simultaneously reflected by reflection unit 405.Reflected two-way light pulse through relative time delay is through polarization-maintaining beam splitter
It is exported by another port to single-photon detector 406 after 402 conjunction beams.Single-photon detector 406 is within a pulse period to three
The signal of a time slot is detected.
403 Stochastic Modulation of phase-modulator, 0 degree of phase or 180 degree phase.Phase-modulator 403 can be birefringent phase
Modulator.
Phase-modulator 403 is located at 402 front end of polarization-maintaining beam splitter, and the above results are unaffected.
The time phase decoding apparatus of another preferred embodiment of the present invention is as shown in figure 5, include consisting of part: the ring of light
Shape device 502, polarization-maintaining beam splitter 503, direct current phase-modulator 504, polarized orthogonal rotary reflection device 505 and polarized orthogonal rotation
Reflection unit 506 (being hereafter also referred to as reflection unit 505 and reflection unit 506) and single-photon detector 507 and 508.
Optical circulator 502 includes three ports, these three ports are respectively port A, port B and port C.By optical circulator
The light pulse of 502 port A input is exported by its port B, and the light pulse inputted by the port B of optical circulator 502 is by its port C
Output.The port A of optical circulator 502 namely port 501 are the input port of device.Polarization-maintaining beam splitter 503 and reflection unit 505
Unequal arm Michelson's interferometer is constituted with 506, two arms therebetween are polarization maintaining optical fibre optical path.Direct current phase-modulator 504
On any arm in two arms of unequal arm Michelson's interferometer.The direct coupling of a port of 503 side of polarization-maintaining beam splitter
It is bonded to the port B of optical circulator 502, the port C of optical circulator 502 is coupled to single-photon detector 508.Polarization-maintaining beam splitter 503
Another port of side is coupled to single-photon detector 507.Single-photon detector 507 is received by the upper of polarization-maintaining beam splitter 503
The light pulse signal of another port output is stated, single-photon detector 508 receives defeated by the said one port of polarization-maintaining beam splitter 503
Out to optical circulator 502 and by the light pulse signal of the output of optical circulator 502 to single-photon detector 508.One pulse period
The signal of interior unequal arm Michelson's interferometer output includes three time slots, when these three time slots are respectively the first time slot, second
Gap and third time slot.One in single-photon detector 507 and 508 is within a pulse period at least to the first time slot and second
The signal of time slot is detected, another in single-photon detector 507 and 508 within a pulse period at least to second when
The signal of gap and third time slot is detected.
When work, port A namely port 501 of the light pulse through optical circulator 502 are input to optical circulator 502.By the ring of light
The light pulse that the port A of shape device 502 is input to optical circulator 502 is exported through the port B of optical circulator 502 to polarization-maintaining beam splitter
503, and two-way light pulse is beamed by polarization-maintaining beam splitter 503.Light pulse all the way from polarization-maintaining beam splitter 503 is through direct current phase
Modulator 504 is reflected after carrying out direct current phase-modulation by reflection unit 505, the another way light from polarization-maintaining beam splitter 503
Pulse is directly transmitted to reflection unit 506 through polarization maintaining optical fibre and is reflected by reflection unit 506.Being reflected back through relative time delay
The two-way light pulse come is exported by the above-mentioned another port of polarization-maintaining beam splitter 503 to single photon after polarization-maintaining beam splitter 503 closes beam
Detector 507, or exported by the said one port of polarization-maintaining beam splitter 503 to the port B of optical circulator 502 and through ring of light shape
The port C of device 502 is exported to single-photon detector 508.Letter of the single-photon detector 507 at least to the first time slot and the second time slot
It number is detected, single-photon detector 508 at least detects the signal of the second time slot and third time slot；Alternatively, single photon
Detector 507 at least detects the signal of the second time slot and third time slot, and single-photon detector 508 is at least to the first time slot
It is detected with the signal of the second time slot.Direct current phase-modulator 504 can be birefringent phase modulator.
Fig. 6 shows a kind of group of polarized orthogonal rotary reflection device of time phase decoding apparatus for use in the present invention
At structural schematic diagram.
Polarized orthogonal rotary reflection device shown in fig. 6 includes consisting of part: polarization beam apparatus 602, polarization maintaining optical fibre
603。
Polarization beam apparatus 602 includes port A, port B, tri- ports port C.Port A, port B, port C can claim respectively
For input port, the first output port, second output terminal mouth.Both made with the port 601 being connected the port A of polarization beam apparatus 602
The output port of reflection unit is also used as the input port of reflection unit.The port B and port C of polarization beam apparatus 602 pass through
Polarization maintaining optical fibre 603 connects.Polarization maintaining optical fibre 603 is all coupled to by the light pulse that the port B and port C of polarization beam apparatus 602 are exported
Slow axis transmission or be all coupled to the polarization maintaining optical fibre fast axle transmission.
When work, port A input polarization beam splitter 602 of the input optical pulse through port 601 namely polarization beam apparatus 602.
Input optical pulse is considered as being made of two orthogonal polarisation states, and described two orthogonal polarisation states can be denoted as x-polarisation state and y respectively
Polarization state.Polarization beam apparatus 602 is by the of first via light pulse and y-polarisation state that input optical pulse polarization beam splitting is x-polarisation state
Two tunnel light pulses, to be exported respectively by the port B of polarization beam apparatus 602 and port C.It is exported by the port B of polarization beam apparatus 602
X-polarisation state first via light pulse be coupled to polarization maintaining optical fibre 603 slow axis transmission, and along the slow axis of polarization maintaining optical fibre 603 transmit
To the port C of polarization beam apparatus 602, first via light pulse is coupled to polarization beam splitting by the slow axis of polarization maintaining optical fibre 603 at the C of port
Device 602, the polarization state for being coupled to the first via light pulse of the port C of polarization beam apparatus 602 is y-polarisation state；The first of y-polarisation state
Road light pulse is exported by the port A of polarization beam apparatus 602.Namely it realizes and is divided by the x-polarisation state of the port A input optical pulse inputted
Amount is transformed to y-polarisation state when being exported after being reflected by reflection unit by port A.The y exported by the port C of polarization beam apparatus 602
Second tunnel light pulse of polarization state is coupled to the slow axis transmission of polarization maintaining optical fibre 603, and is transmitted to partially along the slow axis of polarization maintaining optical fibre 603
The port B of vibration beam splitter 602, the second tunnel light pulse is coupled to polarization beam apparatus by the slow axis of polarization maintaining optical fibre 603 at the B of port
602, the polarization state for being coupled to the second tunnel light pulse of the port B of polarization beam apparatus 602 is x-polarisation state；Second tunnel of x-polarisation state
Light pulse is exported by the port A of polarization beam apparatus 602.Namely realization is by the y-polarisation state component of the port A input optical pulse inputted
X-polarisation state is transformed to when being exported after being reflected by reflection unit by port A.Reflection unit realizes that two of input optical pulse are orthogonal
Polarization state is reflected each orthogonal polarisation state when exporting by reflection unit and is transformed to orthogonal to that polarization state.Utilize above-mentioned guarantor
Polarisation 603 pairs of two orthogonal polarisation states of fibre make polarized orthogonal rotation, so that between the x-polarisation state and y-polarisation state of input optical pulse
Phase it is identical as the phase holding between the y-polarisation state of output optical pulse and x-polarisation state.
The port B and port C of polarization beam apparatus 602 can be all coupled to the fast axle of polarization maintaining optical fibre 603, and the above results are not by shadow
It rings.
Fig. 7 shows a kind of group of polarized orthogonal rotary reflection device of time phase decoding apparatus for use in the present invention
At structural schematic diagram.
Polarized orthogonal rotary reflection device shown in Fig. 7 includes consisting of part: polarization beam apparatus 702, polarization maintaining optical fibre
703 and 90 degree of fusion points 704.
Polarization beam apparatus 702 includes port A, port B, tri- ports port C.Port A, port B, port C can claim respectively
For input port, the first output port, second output terminal mouth.Both made with the port 701 being connected the port A of polarization beam apparatus 702
The output port of device is also used as the input port of device.The port B and port C of polarization beam apparatus 702 pass through polarization maintaining optical fibre
703 connections.The slow axis of polarization maintaining optical fibre 703 is coupled to and by polarization beam splitting by the light pulse that the port B of polarization beam apparatus 702 is exported
The light pulse of the port C output of device 702 is coupled to the fast axle of polarization maintaining optical fibre 703, or defeated by the port B of polarization beam apparatus 702
Light pulse out is coupled to the fast axle of polarization maintaining optical fibre 703 and is coupled to guarantor by the light pulse that the port C of polarization beam apparatus 702 is exported
The slow axis of polarisation fibre 703.Polarization maintaining optical fibre 703 includes 90 degree of fusion points, 704,90 degree of fusion points 704 by polarization maintaining optical fibre slow axis and protects
The alignment welding of polarisation fibre fast axle forms.
When work, port A input polarization beam splitter 702 of the input optical pulse through port 701 namely polarization beam apparatus 702.
Input optical pulse is considered as being made of two orthogonal polarisation states, and described two orthogonal polarisation states can be denoted as x-polarisation state and y respectively
Polarization state.Polarization beam apparatus 702 is by the of first via light pulse and y-polarisation state that input optical pulse polarization beam splitting is x-polarisation state
Two tunnel light pulses, to be exported respectively by the port B of polarization beam apparatus 702 and port C.It is exported by the port B of polarization beam apparatus 702
The first via light pulse of x-polarisation state be coupled to the slow axis of polarization maintaining optical fibre 703 and be transferred to 90 degree of fusion points 704, by 90
The port C of polarization beam apparatus 702, the first via light at the C of port are transmitted to after degree fusion point 704 along the fast axle of polarization maintaining optical fibre 704
Pulse is coupled to polarization beam apparatus 702 by the fast axle of polarization maintaining optical fibre 703；It is coupled to the first via of the port C of polarization beam apparatus 702
The polarization state of light pulse is y-polarisation state, and the first via light pulse of y-polarisation state is exported by the port A of polarization beam apparatus 702.Namely
It realizes by the x-polarisation state component of the port A input optical pulse inputted inclined by being transformed to y when port A output after being reflected by device
Polarization state.The fast axle of polarization maintaining optical fibre 703 is coupled to by the second tunnel light pulse of the port C of the polarization beam apparatus 702 y-polarisation state exported
And 90 degree of fusion points 704 are transferred to, the slow axis after 90 degree of fusion points 704 along polarization maintaining optical fibre 703 is transmitted to polarization beam splitting
The port B of device 702, the second tunnel light pulse is coupled to polarization beam apparatus 702 by the slow axis of polarization maintaining optical fibre 703 at the B of port；Coupling
Polarization state to the second tunnel light pulse of the port B of polarization beam apparatus 702 is x-polarisation state, the second tunnel light pulse of x-polarisation state by
The port A of polarization beam apparatus 702 is exported.Namely it realizes by the y-polarisation state component of the port A input optical pulse inputted by device
X-polarisation state is transformed to when being exported after reflection by port A.Two of polarized orthogonal rotary reflection device realization input optical pulse are just
It hands over polarization state to reflect each orthogonal polarisation state when exporting by the device and is transformed to orthogonal to that polarization state.
Although showing 90 degree of fusion points 704 of only one in Fig. 7, this is exemplary, and polarization maintaining optical fibre 703 can wrap
Containing 90 degree of fusion points of arbitrary odd number.Each 90 degree of fusion points welding is directed at polarization maintaining optical fibre fast axle by polarization maintaining optical fibre slow axis and
At.Polarization maintaining optical fibre 703 include more than one 90 degree of fusion points of odd number in the case where, the above results are unaffected, only by
The first via light pulse and the second tunnel light pulse of port B and port the C output of polarization beam apparatus 702 are respectively along polarization maintaining optical fibre 703
It is transmitting along polarization maintaining optical fibre slow axis and is being converted between the transmission of polarization maintaining optical fibre fast axle more times when transmission, the number of transformation is equal to 90
Spend the number of fusion point.
Polarized orthogonal is made to two orthogonal polarisation states using the above-mentioned polarization maintaining optical fibre 703 comprising 90 degree of fusion points of odd number
Rotation, so that the y-polarisation state and x-polarisation state of phase and output optical pulse between the x-polarisation state and y-polarisation state of input optical pulse
Between phase keep it is identical.
The port B of polarization beam apparatus 702 is coupled to the port C coupling of the fast axle of polarization maintaining optical fibre 703 and polarization beam apparatus 702
To polarization maintaining optical fibre 703 slow axis when, the above results are unaffected.
Fig. 8 shows a kind of group of polarized orthogonal rotary reflection device of time phase decoding apparatus for use in the present invention
At structural schematic diagram.
Polarized orthogonal rotary reflection device shown in Fig. 8 includes consisting of part: polarization beam apparatus 802, half-wave plate
803。
Polarization beam apparatus 802 includes port A, port B, tri- ports port C.Port A, port B, port C can claim respectively
For input port, the first output port, second output terminal mouth.Both made with the port 801 being connected the port A of polarization beam apparatus 802
The output port of device is also used as the input port of device.The port B of polarization beam apparatus 802 passes through transmission optical path and half-wave plate
803 port D connection, the port C of polarization beam apparatus 802 are connect by transmitting optical path with the port E of half-wave plate 803.It will polarization
The port B of beam splitter 802 and the port D of the half-wave plate 803 transmission optical path connecting and by the port C of polarization beam apparatus 802 with
The transmission optical path of the port E connection of half-wave plate 803 is that polarization keeps optical path, such as polarization maintaining optical fibre optical path.By half-wave plate 803
The polarization direction of polarization state of the light pulse of port D and port E input half-wave plate 803 and the slow axis of half-wave plate 803 or fast axle
Angle is 45 degree.
When work, port A input polarization beam splitter 802 of the input optical pulse through port 801 namely polarization beam apparatus 802.
Input optical pulse is considered as being made of two orthogonal polarisation states, and described two orthogonal polarisation states can be denoted as x-polarisation state and y respectively
Polarization state.Polarization beam apparatus 802 is by the of first via light pulse and y-polarisation state that input optical pulse polarization beam splitting is x-polarisation state
Two tunnel light pulses, to be exported respectively by the port B of polarization beam apparatus 802 and port C.It is exported by the port B of polarization beam apparatus 802
X-polarisation state first via optical pulse propagation to half-wave plate 803, make the postrotational first via light of polarized orthogonal through half-wave plate 803
Pulse polarization conversion is y-polarisation state.By the first via optical pulse propagation of the port E of the half-wave plate 803 y-polarisation state exported to inclined
The port C of vibration beam splitter is simultaneously entered polarization beam apparatus 802, and is exported by the port A of polarization beam apparatus 802.In this way, realize by
The x-polarisation state component of the input optical pulse of port A input is transformed to y-polarisation state when being exported after being reflected by device by port A.By
Second tunnel optical pulse propagation of the y-polarisation state of the port C output of polarization beam apparatus 802 is made to half-wave plate 803 through half-wave plate 803
The postrotational second tunnel light pulse polarization conversion of polarized orthogonal is x-polarisation state.The x-polarisation exported by the port D of half-wave plate 803
Second tunnel optical pulse propagation of state to polarization beam apparatus port B and be entered polarization beam apparatus 802, and by polarization beam apparatus
802 port A output.In this way, realize by the y-polarisation state component of the port A input optical pulse inputted after being reflected by device by
Port A is transformed to x-polarisation state when exporting.Two orthogonal polarisation states of polarized orthogonal rotary reflection device realization input optical pulse
Each orthogonal polarisation state when exporting is reflected by the device is transformed to orthogonal to that polarization state.Using half-wave plate 803 to two
Orthogonal polarisation state makees polarized orthogonal rotation, so that the phase between the x-polarisation state and y-polarisation state of input optical pulse and output light arteries and veins
Phase between the y-polarisation state and x-polarisation state of punching keeps identical.
Fig. 9 is showing a kind of polarization with phase-modulation function of time phase decoding apparatus for use in the present invention just
Hand over the composed structure schematic diagram of rotary reflection device.
Polarized orthogonal rotary reflection device shown in Fig. 9 with phase-modulation function includes consisting of part: polarization
Beam splitter 902, polarization maintaining optical fibre 903, phase-modulator 904.
Polarization beam apparatus 902 includes port A, port B, tri- ports port C.Port A, port B, port C can claim respectively
For input port, the first output port, second output terminal mouth.The a port 901 namely port A of polarization beam apparatus 902 are made
For the input port and output port of device.The port B and port C of polarization beam apparatus 902 are connected by polarization maintaining optical fibre 903.By
The light pulse of port B and port the C output of polarization beam apparatus 902 is all coupled to the slow axis transmission of polarization maintaining optical fibre 903 or couples
Fast axle to the polarization maintaining optical fibre is transmitted.The polarization-maintaining of the port B and port C of the insertion connection polarization beam apparatus 902 of phase-modulator 904
In the optical path of optical fiber 903.
When work, port A input polarization beam splitter 902 of the input optical pulse through port 901 namely polarization beam apparatus 902.
Input optical pulse is considered as being made of two orthogonal polarisation states, and described two orthogonal polarisation states can be denoted as x-polarisation state and y respectively
Polarization state.Polarization beam apparatus 902 is by the of first via light pulse and y-polarisation state that input optical pulse polarization beam splitting is x-polarisation state
Two tunnel light pulses, to be exported respectively by the port B of polarization beam apparatus 902 and port C.It is exported by the port B of polarization beam apparatus 902
The first via light pulse of x-polarisation state be coupled to the slow axis transmission of polarization maintaining optical fibre 903, and it is defeated by the port D of phase-modulator 904
Applying aspect modulator 904 carries out phase-modulation.First via light pulse after phase modulated by phase-modulator 904 port E
The port C of polarization beam apparatus 902 is exported and is transmitted to along the slow axis of polarization maintaining optical fibre 903, first via light pulse is by protecting at the C of port
The slow axis of polarisation fibre 903 is coupled to polarization beam apparatus 902, is coupled to the first via light pulse of the port C of polarization beam apparatus 902
Polarization state is y-polarisation state；The first via light pulse of y-polarisation state is exported by the port A of polarization beam apparatus 902.Namely it realizes by holding
The x-polarisation state component of the input optical pulse of mouth A input is transformed to y-polarisation state when being exported after being reflected by reflection unit by port A.
The slow axis transmission of polarization maintaining optical fibre 903 is coupled to by the second tunnel light pulse of the port C of the polarization beam apparatus 902 y-polarisation state exported,
And phase-modulation is carried out by the port E input phase modulator 904 of phase-modulator 904.The second road light after phase modulated
Pulse is transmitted to the port of polarization beam apparatus 902 by the port D output of phase-modulator 904 and along the slow axis of polarization maintaining optical fibre 903
B, the second tunnel light pulse is coupled to polarization beam apparatus 902 by the slow axis of polarization maintaining optical fibre 903 at the B of port, is coupled to polarization beam splitting
The polarization state of the second tunnel light pulse of the port B of device 902 is x-polarisation state；Second tunnel light pulse of x-polarisation state is by polarization beam apparatus
902 port A output.Namely it realizes by the y-polarisation state component of the port A input optical pulse inputted after being reflected by reflection unit
X-polarisation state is transformed to when being exported by port A.It is defeated by the first via light pulse of port D input phase modulator 904 and by port E
Second tunnel light pulse of applying aspect modulator 904 is with identical polarization state input phase modulator 904 and is subjected to identical phase
Modulation is realized and polarizes unrelated phase-modulation.Polarized orthogonal rotation is made to two orthogonal polarisation states using above-mentioned polarization maintaining optical fibre 903
Turn so that the y-polarisation state and x-polarisation state of phase and output optical pulse between the x-polarisation state and y-polarisation state of input optical pulse it
Between phase keep it is identical.
Phase-modulator 904 can be birefringent phase modulator or single polarization phase modulator.
The port B and port C of polarization beam apparatus 902 can be all coupled to the fast axle of polarization maintaining optical fibre 903, and the above results are not at this time
It is impacted.
The another kind that Figure 10 shows time phase decoding apparatus for use in the present invention has the inclined of phase-modulation function
Shake the composed structure schematic diagram of orthogonal rotary reflection device.
Polarized orthogonal rotary reflection device shown in Fig. 10 with phase-modulation function includes consisting of part: polarization
Beam splitter 1002, polarization maintaining optical fibre 1003, phase-modulator 1004 and 90 degree of fusion points 1005.
Polarization beam apparatus 1002 includes port A, port B, tri- ports port C.Port A, port B, port C can claim respectively
For input port, the first output port, second output terminal mouth.The a port 1001 namely port A of polarization beam apparatus 1002,
Input port and output port as device.The port B and port C of polarization beam apparatus 1002 are connected by polarization maintaining optical fibre 1003
It connects.The slow axis of polarization maintaining optical fibre 1003 is coupled to and by polarization beam apparatus by the light pulse that the port B of polarization beam apparatus 1002 is exported
The light pulse of 1002 port C output is coupled to the fast axle of polarization maintaining optical fibre 1003, or defeated by the port B of polarization beam apparatus 1002
Light pulse out is coupled to the fast axle of polarization maintaining optical fibre 1003 and is coupled to by the light pulse that the port C of polarization beam apparatus 1002 is exported
The slow axis of polarization maintaining optical fibre 1003.Polarization maintaining optical fibre 1003 includes that 90 degree of fusion points, 1005,90 degree of fusion points 1005 are slow by polarization maintaining optical fibre
Axis is directed at welding with polarization maintaining optical fibre fast axle and forms.The port B of the insertion connection polarization beam apparatus 1002 of phase-modulator 1004 and end
In the optical path of the polarization maintaining optical fibre 1003 of mouth C.
When work, port A input polarization beam splitter of the input optical pulse through port 1001 namely polarization beam apparatus 1002
1002.Input optical pulse is considered as being made of two orthogonal polarisation states, and described two orthogonal polarisation states can be denoted as x-polarisation respectively
State and y-polarisation state.Input optical pulse polarization beam splitting is the first via light pulse and y-polarisation of x-polarisation state by polarization beam apparatus 1002
Second tunnel light pulse of state, to be exported respectively by the port B of polarization beam apparatus 1002 and port C.By polarization beam apparatus 1002
The first via light pulse of the x-polarisation state of port B output is coupled to the slow axis transmission of polarization maintaining optical fibre 1003, and by phase-modulator
1004 port D input phase modulator 1004 carries out phase-modulation.First via light pulse after phase modulated is by phase tune
The port E of device 1004 processed is exported and is transmitted to 90 degree of fusion points 1005 along the slow axis of polarization maintaining optical fibre 1003, through 90 degree of fusion points
Fast axle after 1005 along polarization maintaining optical fibre 1003 is transmitted to the port C of polarization beam apparatus 1002, at the C of port first via light pulse by
The fast axle of polarization maintaining optical fibre 1003 is coupled to polarization beam apparatus 1002；It is coupled to the first via light of the port C of polarization beam apparatus 1002
The polarization state of pulse is y-polarisation state, and the first via light pulse of y-polarisation state is exported by the port A of polarization beam apparatus 1002.Namely it is real
Now y-polarisation is transformed to when being exported after being reflected by device by port A by the x-polarisation state component of the port A input optical pulse inputted
State.The fast axle of polarization maintaining optical fibre 1003 is coupled to by the second tunnel light pulse of the port C of the polarization beam apparatus 1002 y-polarisation state exported
Transmission, and 90 degree of fusion points 1005 are transmitted to along the fast axle of polarization maintaining optical fibre 1003, along polarization maintaining optical fibre after 90 degree of fusion points 1005
1003 slow axis is transmitted to the port E of phase-modulator 1004, and by the port E input phase modulator of phase-modulator 1004
1004 carry out phase-modulation.The second tunnel light pulse after phase modulated is by the port D output of phase-modulator 1004 and along guarantor
The slow axis of polarisation fibre 1003 is transmitted to the port B of polarization beam apparatus 1002, and the second tunnel light pulse is by polarization maintaining optical fibre at the B of port
1003 slow axis is coupled to polarization beam apparatus 1002；It is coupled to the inclined of the second tunnel light pulse of the port B of polarization beam apparatus 1002
Polarization state is x-polarisation state, and the second tunnel light pulse of x-polarisation state is exported by the port A of polarization beam apparatus 1002.Namely it realizes by port
The y-polarisation state component of the input optical pulse of A input is transformed to x-polarisation state when being exported after being reflected by device by port A.
By the first via light pulse of port D input phase modulator 1004 and by port E input phase modulator 1004
Second tunnel light pulse is with identical polarization state input phase modulator 1004 and is subjected to identical phase-modulation, realizes that polarization is unrelated
Phase-modulation.
Although showing 90 degree of fusion points 1005 of only one in Figure 10, this is exemplary, and polarization maintaining optical fibre 1003 can
To include 90 degree of fusion points of arbitrary odd number.Each 90 degree of fusion points are aligned by polarization maintaining optical fibre slow axis with polarization maintaining optical fibre fast axle molten
It connects.In the case where polarization maintaining optical fibre 1003 includes 90 degree of fusion points of odd number of more than one, the above results are unaffected,
Only by the port B of the polarization beam apparatus 1002 and port C first via light pulse exported and the second tunnel light pulse respectively along polarization-maintaining
It is transmitting along polarization maintaining optical fibre slow axis and is being converted between the transmission of polarization maintaining optical fibre fast axle more times when optical fiber 1003 transmits, time of transformation
Number is equal to the number of 90 degree of fusion points.
Two orthogonal polarisation states are polarized just using the above-mentioned polarization maintaining optical fibre 1003 comprising 90 degree of fusion points of odd number
Rotation is handed over, so that the y-polarisation state and x-polarisation of phase and output optical pulse between the x-polarisation state and y-polarisation state of input optical pulse
Phase between state keeps identical.
Phase-modulator 1004 can be birefringent phase modulator or single polarization phase modulator.
The port B of polarization beam apparatus 1002 is coupled to the fast axle of polarization maintaining optical fibre 1003 and the port C of polarization beam apparatus 1002
When being coupled to the slow axis of polarization maintaining optical fibre 1003, the above results are unaffected.
The position of phase-modulator 1004 and 90 degree fusion point 1005 and the order of connection change, and the above results are unaffected.
The another kind that Figure 11 shows time phase decoding apparatus for use in the present invention has the inclined of phase-modulation function
Shake the composed structure schematic diagram of orthogonal rotary reflection device.
Polarized orthogonal rotary reflection device shown in Figure 11 with phase-modulation function includes consisting of part: polarization
Beam splitter 1102, phase-modulator 1103, half-wave plate 1104.
Polarization beam apparatus 1102 includes port A, port B, tri- ports port C.Port A, port B, port C can claim respectively
For input port, the first output port, second output terminal mouth.The a port 1101 namely port A of polarization beam apparatus 1102,
Input port and output port as device.The port B and port C of polarization beam apparatus 1102 are connected by transmitting optical path；More
Specifically, the port B of polarization beam apparatus 1102 is connect by transmitting optical path with the port D of phase-modulator 1103, phase-modulation
The port E of device 1103 is connect by transmitting optical path with half-wave plate 1104, and half-wave plate 1104 passes through transmission optical path and polarization beam apparatus
1102 port C connection.Transmission optical path, phase between the port B of polarization beam apparatus 1102 and the port D of phase-modulator 1103
The end of transmission optical path, half-wave plate 1104 and polarization beam apparatus 1102 between the port E and half-wave plate 1104 of position modulator 1103
Transmission optical path between mouth C is that polarization keeps optical path, such as polarization maintaining optical fibre optical path.It is inputted by the port of 1104 two sides of half-wave plate
The polarization direction of the polarization state of the light pulse of half-wave plate 1104 and the slow axis of half-wave plate 1104 or the angle of fast axle are 45 degree.
When work, port A input polarization beam splitter of the input optical pulse through port 1101 namely polarization beam apparatus 1102
1102.Input optical pulse is considered as being made of two orthogonal polarisation states, and described two orthogonal polarisation states can be denoted as x-polarisation respectively
State and y-polarisation state.Input optical pulse polarization beam splitting is the first via light pulse and y-polarisation of x-polarisation state by polarization beam apparatus 1102
Second tunnel light pulse of state, to be exported respectively by the port B of polarization beam apparatus 1102 and port C.By polarization beam apparatus 1102
The first via optical pulse propagation of the x-polarisation state of port B output is to phase-modulator 1103, by the port D of phase-modulator 1103
Input phase modulator 1103 is simultaneously subjected to phase-modulation.First via light pulse after phase modulated is by phase-modulator 1103
Port E is exported to half-wave plate 1104.First via light pulse is after half-wave plate 1104 carries out polarized orthogonal rotation, and polarization state is by x
Polarization conversion is y-polarisation state.The first via optical pulse propagation of the y-polarisation state exported by half-wave plate 1104 is to polarization beam apparatus
1102 port C, by the port C input polarization beam splitter 1102 of polarization beam apparatus 1102, and by the end of polarization beam apparatus 1102
Mouth A output.In this way, realizing defeated by port A after being reflected by device by the x-polarisation state component of the port A input optical pulse inputted
Y-polarisation state is transformed to when out.By the second tunnel optical pulse propagation of the port C of the polarization beam apparatus 1102 y-polarisation state exported to partly
Wave plate 1104, making the postrotational second tunnel light pulse polarization conversion of polarized orthogonal through half-wave plate 1104 is x-polarisation state.By half-wave
Piece 1104 export x-polarisation state the second tunnel optical pulse propagation to phase-modulator 1103 port E, by phase-modulator 1103
Port E input phase modulator 1103 and be subjected to phase-modulation.The second tunnel light pulse after phase modulated is by phase-modulation
The port D of device 1103 is exported to the port B of polarization beam apparatus 1102, by the port B input polarization beam splitting of polarization beam apparatus 1102
Device 1102, and exported by the port A of polarization beam apparatus 1102.In this way, realizing the y-polarisation by the port A input optical pulse inputted
State component is transformed to x-polarisation state when being exported after being reflected by device by port A.Using half-wave plate 1104 to two orthogonal polarisation states
Make polarized orthogonal rotation, so that the y-polarisation of phase and output optical pulse between the x-polarisation state and y-polarisation state of input optical pulse
Phase between state and x-polarisation state keeps identical.
By the first via light pulse of port D input phase modulator 1103 and by port E input phase modulator 1103
Second tunnel light pulse is with identical polarization state input phase modulator 1103 and is subjected to identical phase-modulation, realizes that polarization is unrelated
Phase-modulation.
Phase-modulator 1103 can be birefringent phase modulator or single polarization phase modulator.
The position and the order of connection of phase-modulator 1103 and half-wave plate 1104 change, and the above results are unaffected.
Herein, term " beam splitter " and " bundling device " are used interchangeably, and beam splitter is also referred to as and as bundling device, instead
.Herein, " polarization maintaining optical fibre optical path " refers to the optical path or polarization maintaining optical fibre connection shape using polarization maintaining optical fibre transmission light pulse
At optical path.
Time phase decoding dress of the invention as described above can be configured in the receiving end of quantum key distribution system
It sets, for decoding.
By the explanation of specific embodiment, the present invention can should be reached technological means that predetermined purpose is taken and
Effect, which has, more deeply and specifically to be understood, however appended diagram is only to provide reference and description and is used, and is not used to this hair
It is bright to limit.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of time phase decoding apparatus, comprising: beam splitter, two through two arms and the beam splitter optical coupling are anti-respectively
Injection device, phase-modulator, single single-photon detector, wherein
Each reflection unit is polarized orthogonal rotary reflection device, one of described two reflection units or each described anti-
Injection device includes the polarization beam apparatus with input port and two output ports, and the input port through the polarization beam apparatus
Two output ports of the respective arms being coupled in described two arms, the polarization beam apparatus are optically coupled to one another through transmission optical path,
The transmission optical path includes polarized orthogonal rotating device；
The single-photon detector is coupled to a port in the port for not being coupled to described two arms of the beam splitter, uses
In being detected within a pulse period to the signal of continuous first time slot, the second time slot and third time slot, wherein described
One pulse period includes first time slot, the second time slot and third time slot,
Wherein the phase-modulator is set to the beam splitter front end, or at least one of being set to described two arms,
Or being set at least one includes in the transmission optical path of the reflection unit of polarization beam apparatus.
2. time phase decoding apparatus according to claim 1, further include setting the single-photon detector with it is described
Optical circulator between one port of beam splitter, the optical circulator include first port, second port and third end
Mouthful, the optical circulator is coupled to one port of the beam splitter via its second port, the optical circulator via
Its third port is coupled to the single-photon detector, wherein the first port of the optical circulator is time phase decoding
The input port of device, the light pulse inputted from the first port of the optical circulator are defeated by the second port of the optical circulator
Out to the beam splitter, the light pulse to the second port of the optical circulator is exported by the optical circulator from the beam splitter
Third port output.
3. time phase decoding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein 0 degree of phase of the phase-modulator Stochastic Modulation or
180 degree phase.
4. a kind of time phase decoding apparatus, comprising: beam splitter, two through two arms and the beam splitter optical coupling are anti-respectively
Injection device, the first single-photon detector, the second single-photon detector and optical circulator, wherein
Each reflection unit is polarized orthogonal rotary reflection device, one of described two reflection units or each described anti-
Injection device includes the polarization beam apparatus with input port and two output ports, and the input port through the polarization beam apparatus
Two output ports of the respective arms being coupled in described two arms, the polarization beam apparatus are optically coupled to one another through transmission optical path,
The transmission optical path includes polarized orthogonal rotating device；
The optical circulator includes first port, second port and third port, and is coupled to described point via its second port
A port in the port for not being coupled to described two arms of beam device, the first port of the optical circulator are the time phase
The input port of position decoding apparatus, the light pulse inputted by the first port of the optical circulator is by the second of the optical circulator
Port is exported to the beam splitter, exports the light pulse to the second port of the optical circulator by the light by the beam splitter
The third port of circulator exports；
First single-photon detector is coupled to another in the port for not being coupled to described two arms of the beam splitter
Port, for being detected to the light pulse exported from another described port；
Second single-photon detector is coupled to the third port of the optical circulator, for from the of the optical circulator
The light pulse of three ports output is detected,
Wherein, one in first single-photon detector and the second single-photon detector is at least right within a pulse period
The signal of continuous first time slot and the second time slot is detected, first single-photon detector and the second single-photon detector
In another at least the signal of continuous second time slot and third time slot is detected within a pulse period, wherein institute
Stating a pulse period includes first time slot, the second time slot and third time slot.
5. time phase decoding apparatus according to claim 4, further includes:
The direct current phase-modulator being set at least one of described two arms；Or
Being set at least one includes the direct current phase-modulator in the transmission optical path of the reflection unit of polarization beam apparatus.
6. time phase decoding apparatus according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the beam splitter is polarization-maintaining coupler.
7. time phase decoding apparatus described according to claim 1~any one of 6, wherein
The transmission optical path itself constitutes polarized orthogonal rotating device, is formed such that by the polarization maintaining optical fibre that torsion is turn 90 degrees by described inclined
The slow axis that the light pulse of two output ports output of vibration beam splitter is all coupled to the polarization maintaining optical fibre transmit or couple
Fast axle to the polarization maintaining optical fibre is transmitted；Or
The transmission optical routing includes that the polarization maintaining optical fibre of 90 degree of fusion points of odd number is formed, and 90 degree of fusion points of the odd number serve as
Polarized orthogonal rotating device；Or
The polarized orthogonal rotating device is the half-wave plate being set in the transmission optical path, inputs the light pulse of the half-wave plate
Polarization direction and the fast axle or the angle of slow axis of the half-wave plate be 45 degree.
8. time phase decoding apparatus described according to claim 1~any one of 6, wherein described two arms are respectively polarization
Optical path is kept, the optical device on described two arms is that polarization keeps optical device and/or non-birefringent optical device.
9. time phase decoding apparatus according to claim 8, wherein it is polarization maintaining optical fibre light that the polarization, which keeps optical path,
Road.
10. a kind of quantum key distribution system, comprising:
According to claim 1, time phase decoding apparatus described in~any one of 9 be arranged in the quantum key distribution system
The receiving end of system, for decoding.
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