CN111934869A - Polarization decoding device and method based on active basis vector selection - Google Patents
Polarization decoding device and method based on active basis vector selection Download PDFInfo
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- CN111934869A CN111934869A CN202010984012.8A CN202010984012A CN111934869A CN 111934869 A CN111934869 A CN 111934869A CN 202010984012 A CN202010984012 A CN 202010984012A CN 111934869 A CN111934869 A CN 111934869A
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- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
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Abstract
The polarization decoding device comprises an active basis vector selection component, a decoding component and a detection component, wherein the decoding component can analyze an orthogonal polarization state into two components in a time domain or two components in a space domain, so that a single-photon detector can be configured to detect the two components after analysis in the time domain or the two components after analysis in the space domain, the two single-photon detectors can complete the measurement of four polarization states, the complexity and the cost of the system are low compared with the prior art, in addition, the decoding component can adopt a polarization beam splitter to analyze the orthogonal polarization state into two components with equal energy in the time domain or two components with equal energy in the space domain, and the channel applicability is high; the active basis vector selection component can realize active selection of basis vectors, and attack to a non-ideal beam splitter during passive basis selection is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of quantum communication, in particular to a polarization decoding device and method based on active basis vector selection.
Background
The quantum secret communication technology is a leading-edge hotspot field combining quantum physics and information science. Based on quantum key distribution technology and one-time pad cipher principle, quantum secret communication can realize the safe transmission of information in public channel. One of the most commonly used quantum secret communication methods adopts polarization encoding of BB84 protocol to perform quantum key distribution, the polarization encoding quantum key distribution generally adopts two sets of orthogonal polarization states to perform encoding, and a receiving end performs polarization decoding through a polarization decoding device to complete polarization encoding quantum key distribution.
An existing polarization decoding device for distributing the polarization-encoded quantum key is shown in fig. 1, and includes a beam splitter, a first polarization controller, a second polarization controller, a first polarization beam splitter, a second polarization beam splitter, a first single-photon detector, a second single-photon detector, a third single-photon detector, and a fourth single-photon detector, where two exit ports of the beam splitter are respectively connected to the first polarization controller and the second polarization controller, the first polarization controller is connected to the first polarization beam splitter, two ports of the first polarization beam splitter are respectively connected to the first single-photon detector and the second single-photon detector, the second polarization controller is connected to the second polarization beam splitter, and two ports of the second polarization beam splitter are respectively connected to the third single-photon detector and the fourth single-photon detector.
The existing polarization decoding device has the following decoding principle: and selecting basis vectors through the first polarization controller and the second polarization controller, realizing polarization decoding through the polarization beam splitter, and finally realizing information detection through the responses of the first single-photon detector, the second single-photon detector, the third single-photon detector and the fourth single-photon detector. The method takes four polarization states of | H >, | V >, | + >, and | minus > as examples, and assumes that a first polarization controller and a first polarization beam splitter are used for decoding | H > and | V > polarization orthogonal bases, and then | H > or | V > is obtained through the response of a first single-photon detector or a second single-photon detector; assuming that the second polarization controller and the second polarization beam splitter are used to decode the | + > and | - > polarization orthogonal bases, then | + > or | - >, is known by the response of the third single-photon detector or the fourth single-photon detector.
The decoding device at least needs 4 single-photon detectors, so the existing decoding device has the defects of large volume, high cost and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a polarization decoding device and method based on active basis vector selection, which aim to solve the problems that a decoding device in the prior art has the defects of large volume, high cost and the like.
A polarization decoding device based on active basis vector selection comprises an active basis vector selection component, a decoding component and a detection component:
the active basis vector selection component comprises an input port, a basis vector selector, a first output port and a second output port, wherein the basis vector selector is used for transmitting optical pulses input by the input port to the first output port if first basis vector decoding is selected, and transmitting the optical pulses input by the input port to the second output port if second basis vector decoding is selected;
the decoding component comprises a first basis vector decoding channel and a second basis vector decoding channel, the first output port is connected with the input end of the first basis vector decoding channel, and the second output port is connected with the input end of the second basis vector decoding channel;
the first basis vector decoding channel being arranged to resolve the optical pulses encoded with a first basis vector into a first component and a second component in the time domain, the second basis vector decoding channel being arranged to resolve the optical pulses encoded with a second basis vector into a third component and a fourth component in the time domain;
or, the first basis vector decoding channel is configured to resolve the optical pulse encoded with a first basis vector into a first component and a second component in a spatial domain, and the second basis vector decoding channel is configured to resolve the optical pulse encoded with a second basis vector into a third component and a fourth component in the spatial domain, wherein a polarization direction of the first component is orthogonal to a polarization direction of the third component, and a polarization direction of the second component is orthogonal to a polarization direction of the fourth component;
the detection assembly comprises a first single-photon detector configured to detect a first component and a second component in a time domain and a second single-photon detector to detect a third component and a fourth component in the time domain; or the first single-photon detector is configured for detecting the first and third components in the spatial domain and the second single-photon detector is configured for detecting the second and fourth components in the spatial domain.
Preferably, the basis vector selector comprises an optical splitting end, a first optical path, a second optical path and a phase modulator;
the optical path of the first optical path is equal to that of the second optical path, the phase modulator is arranged on the first optical path or the second optical path, and the beam combining end is provided with two outlets which are respectively connected with a first output port and a second output port;
the optical splitting end is connected with the input port and is used for splitting an input optical pulse into two optical pulses, one optical pulse reaches the optical splitting end through a first optical path, and the other pulse reaches the optical splitting end through a second optical path;
the phase modulator is configured to adjust the optical pulse phase difference in the first and second optical paths to Δ Φ when selecting a first basis vector decoding1Then the optical combining end combines the optical pulses in the first optical path and the second optical path and inputs the combined optical pulses into a first output port;
the phase modulator is configured to adjust the optical pulse phase difference in the first and second optical paths to Δ Φ when selecting the second basis vector decoding2And the light combining end combines the light pulses in the first light path and the second light path and inputs the light pulses into the second output port.
Preferably, the basis vector selector is an optical switch.
Preferably, the first basis vector decoding channel includes: the polarization beam splitter comprises a polarization rotating device, a first polarization beam splitter, a second polarization beam splitter, a third optical path and a fourth optical path, wherein the optical path of the third optical path is not equal to that of the fourth optical path;
the polarization rotation device is configured to transform two orthogonal polarization states of the optical pulse selected for first basis vector encoding into orthogonal polarization states in accordance with two output directions of the first polarization beam splitter, respectively;
the first polarization beam splitter is configured to output one of the transformed orthogonal polarization states to a first output port through a third optical path and a second polarization beam splitter, and the first polarization beam splitter is further configured to output the other of the transformed orthogonal polarization states to the first output port through a fourth optical path and a second polarization beam splitter, and since the optical path of the third optical path is not equal to the optical path of the fourth optical path, the optical pulse is resolved into a first component and a second component in the time domain;
the second basis vector decoding channel includes: the optical path of the fifth light path is not equal to that of the sixth light path;
the third polarization beam splitter is configured to transmit one of the orthogonal polarization states of the optical pulse selected to be encoded by the second basis vector to the second output port after passing through the fifth optical path and the fourth polarization beam splitter, and the third polarization beam splitter is further configured to transmit the other of the orthogonal polarization states of the optical pulse selected to be encoded by the second basis vector to the second output port after passing through the fifth optical path and the fourth polarization beam splitter.
Preferably, the first basis vector decoding channel includes: polarization rotating device, first polarization beam splitter, second polarization beam splitter, third light path and fourth light path, the second basis vector decoding passageway includes: a third polarization beam splitter, a fourth polarization beam splitter, a fifth optical path, and a sixth optical path;
the polarization rotation device is configured to transform two orthogonal polarization states of the optical pulse selected for first basis vector encoding into orthogonal polarization states in accordance with two output directions of the first polarization beam splitter, respectively;
the first polarization beam splitter is configured to output one of the transformed orthogonal polarization states to the first output port through the third optical path and the second polarization beam splitter, and the first polarization beam splitter is further configured to output the other of the transformed orthogonal polarization states to the second output port through the fourth optical path and the fourth polarization beam splitter, and the optical pulse is resolved into a first component and a second component in a spatial domain because the two polarization states are respectively transmitted to the first output port and the second output port;
the third polarization beam splitter is configured to transmit one of the orthogonal polarization states of the optical pulse selected to be encoded by the second basis vector to the first output port after passing through the fifth optical path and the second polarization beam splitter, and the third polarization beam splitter is further configured to transmit the other of the orthogonal polarization states of the optical pulse selected to be encoded by the second basis vector to the second output port after passing through the sixth optical path and the fourth polarization beam splitter.
Preferably, the polarization rotation means is a wave plate or a faraday rotator.
Preferably, the polarization rotation device comprises a first polarization maintaining fiber and a second polarization maintaining fiber, and the polarization rotation device is made by welding after the optical axis of the first polarization maintaining fiber rotates relative to the optical axis of the second polarization maintaining fiber.
Preferably, the polarization decoding device further comprises an electrically controlled polarization controller, and the electrically controlled polarization controller is configured to compensate the polarization state of the received optical pulse to be consistent with the polarization state of the transmitting end and transmit the polarization state to the input port.
A second aspect of the present application provides a polarization decoding method based on active basis vector selection, where the polarization decoding method is applied to any one of the above-mentioned polarization decoding apparatuses based on active basis vector selection, which can resolve orthogonal polarization states into components in a time domain, and the polarization decoding method includes the following steps:
inputting the optical pulse encoded by the first basis vector to a first basis vector decoding channel through an active basis vector selection component, and analyzing the optical pulse into a first component and a second component in a time domain through the first basis vector decoding channel;
inputting the optical pulse encoded by the second basis vector to a second basis vector decoding channel through an active basis vector selection component, and analyzing the optical pulse into a third component and a fourth component in a time domain through the second basis vector decoding channel;
and controlling the frequency of the gating signal of the first single-photon detector to be twice of the frequency of the optical pulse input by the input port, detecting a first component and a second component in a time domain, controlling the frequency of the gating signal of the second single-photon detector to be twice of the frequency of the optical pulse input by the input port, and detecting a third component and a fourth component in the time domain.
A third aspect of the present application provides a polarization decoding method based on active basis vector selection, which is applied to any one of the above polarization decoding apparatuses based on active basis vector selection that can resolve orthogonal polarization states into components in a spatial domain, and the polarization decoding method includes the following steps:
inputting the optical pulse encoded by the first basis vector to a first basis vector decoding channel through an active basis vector selection component, and analyzing the optical pulse into a first component and a second component on a space domain through the first basis vector decoding channel;
inputting the optical pulse encoded by the second basis vector to a second basis vector decoding channel through an active basis vector selection component, and analyzing the optical pulse into a third component and a fourth component on a space domain through the second basis vector decoding channel;
wherein the polarization direction of the first component is orthogonal to the polarization direction of the third component, and the polarization direction of the second component is orthogonal to the polarization direction of the fourth component;
and controlling the first single-photon detector to detect the first component and the third component in the space domain, and controlling the second single-photon detector to detect the second component and the fourth component in the space domain.
Compared with the prior art, the polarization decoding device and method based on active basis vector selection have the following advantages:
according to the polarization decoding device, the orthogonal polarization state can be analyzed into two components in a time domain or two components in a space domain by the decoding assembly, so that the detector can be configured to detect the two components after analysis in the time domain and can also be configured to detect the two components after analysis in the space domain, the four-polarization state measurement can be completed by only two single-photon detectors, and compared with the prior art, the two single-photon detectors are saved, and therefore the complexity and the cost of the system are reduced by the polarization decoding device.
The active basis vector selection component is further arranged, active selection of basis vectors can be achieved, and attack to a non-ideal beam splitter during passive basis selection is avoided.
The decoding component can adopt the polarization beam splitter to analyze the orthogonal polarization state into two components with equal energy in a time domain or two components with equal energy in a space domain, and has high channel applicability.
Drawings
In order to more clearly explain the technical solution of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art polarization decoding apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a polarization decoding apparatus according to the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a first basis vector selector according to the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a second basis vector selector according to the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a third basis vector selector according to the present application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a first decoding module according to the present application
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a second decoding module of the present application
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a third decoding component of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present application more comprehensible, the present application is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In a first aspect of the present application, a polarization decoding apparatus based on active basis vector selection is provided, and a structure of the polarization decoding apparatus can refer to the schematic diagram shown in fig. 1, where the polarization decoding apparatus includes an active basis vector selection component 1, a decoding component 2, and a detection component 3:
the active basis vector selecting component 1 includes an input port 11, a basis vector selector 12, a first output port 13, and a second output port 14, where the basis vector selector 12 is configured to transmit an optical pulse input from the input port 11 to the first output port 13 if a first basis vector decoding is selected, and transmit an optical pulse input from the input port 11 to the second output port 14 if a second basis vector decoding is selected. Generally, according to the BB84 protocol, the transmitting end usually selects two sets of orthogonal bases for encoding, for example, the transmitting end has 4 polarization states of | H>、|V>、|+>And | ->Or | H>、|V>、|R>And | L>Or | +>、|->|R>And | L>Wherein
，
，
，
From this, it is known that | H is changed>And | V>The phase position can be converted into | +>、|->、|R>And | L>Otherwise change | +>、|->、|R>And | L>Is also converted into | H>And | V>. This application uses | H>、|V>、|+>And | ->For example, the principle of decoding the remaining polarization states is similar to the example, and those skilled in the art will understand without any doubt that other polarization states are decoded in the present applicationThe decoding principle in the device, and the rest polarization states in this application are not described in detail by way of example.
The transmitting end selects a set of orthogonal polarization states sent by the second basis vector coding as | H > and | V >, and at the receiving end, the system considers that the sent orthogonal polarization states are | + > and | V >, and then sends the orthogonal polarization states from the first output port 13 to the first basis vector decoding channel 21, and if the system considers that the sent orthogonal polarization states are | H > and | V >, then sends the orthogonal polarization states from the second output port 14 to the second basis vector decoding channel 22.
If the first base vector decoding channel 21 receives | +>And | ->Orthogonal polarization state, then the first basis vector decoding channel 21 will | +>And | ->Conversion of orthogonal polarization state to | H>And | V>And outputs | H separated in time>And | V>I.e. a first component and a second component separated in time, in particular at t1Time output | H>，t2Time output | V>，t3Time output | H>… by analogy, the first single-photon detector 31 is configured for detecting temporally separated | H>And | V>That is, by controlling the gate control signal of the first single-photon detector 31, the gate opening time of the first single-photon detector 31 corresponds to the time when the first component and the second component reach the first single-photon detector 31, and the detected quantum state result can be obtained.
If the second basis vector decoding channel 22 receives | H |>And | V>Orthogonal polarization states, the second basis-vector decoding channel 22 outputs | H separated in time>And | V>I.e. the third and fourth components are separated in time, in particular at t1Time output | H>，t2Time output | V>，t3Time output | H>… by analogy, the second single-photon detector 32 is used to detect | H in the time domain>And | V>That is, by controlling the gate control signal of the second single-photon detector 32, the gate opening time of the second single-photon detector 32 corresponds to the time when the third component and the fourth component reach the second single-photon detector 32, and the detected quantum state result can be obtained.
Or, if said firstReceived by base vector decoding channel 21 is | +>And | ->Orthogonal polarization state, then the first basis vector decoding channel 21 will | +>And | ->Conversion of orthogonal polarization state to | H>And | V>And outputs | H separated in the spatial domain>And | V>I.e. the first and second components are spatially separated, in particular at t1Decoding of time | H>Is transmitted to the first single-photon detector 31 through the first basis-vector decoding channel 21, at t1| V obtained by decoding time>To the second basis-vector decoding channel 22, to a second single-photon detector 32 through the second basis-vector decoding channel 22, at t2Decoding of time | H>Is transmitted to the first single-photon detector 31 through the first basis-vector decoding channel 21, at t2| V obtained by decoding time>The second basis-vector decoding channel 22, the second single-photon detector 32 … through the second basis-vector decoding channel 22, and so on, so as to obtain the detection result through the responses of the first single-photon detector 31 and the second single-photon detector 32.
If the second basis vector decoding channel 21 receives | H |>And | V>Orthogonal polarization states, the second basis vector decoding channel 22 outputs | H separated in the spatial domain>And | V>I.e. the first and second components are spatially separated, in particular at t1Decoding of time | H>Transmitted to the second single-photon detector 32 through the second basis-vector decoding channel 22, at t1| V obtained by decoding time>To said first basis-vector decoding channel 21, to a first single-photon detector 31 through said first basis-vector decoding channel 21, at t2Decoding of time | H>Transmitted to the second single-photon detector 32 through the second basis-vector decoding channel 22, at t2| V obtained by decoding time>The first basis-vector decoding channel 21, the first single-photon detector 31 … through the first basis-vector decoding channel 21, and so on, so as to obtain the detection result through the responses of the first single-photon detector 31 and the second single-photon detector 32.
Therefore, the decoding component can analyze the orthogonal polarization state into two components in a time domain or two components in a space domain, so that the detector can be configured to detect the two analyzed components in the time domain and can also be configured to detect the two analyzed components in the space domain, and therefore the four-polarization-state measurement can be completed only by two single-photon detectors, and compared with the prior art, the four-polarization-state measurement device saves two single-photon detectors, and therefore the complexity and the cost of the system are reduced. The active basis vector selection component is further arranged, active selection of basis vectors can be achieved, and attack to a non-ideal beam splitter during passive basis selection is avoided. The decoding component can adopt the polarization beam splitter to analyze the orthogonal polarization state into two components with equal energy in a time domain or two components with equal energy in a space domain, and has high channel applicability.
The structure of the basis-vector selector 12 can refer to the schematic diagrams shown in fig. 3-5, and the basis-vector selector 12 includes an optical splitting end 121, an optical splitting end 122, a first optical path 123, a second optical path 124, and a phase modulator 125; the optical path of the first optical path 123 is equal to the optical path of the second optical path 124, the phase modulator 125 is disposed on the first optical path 123 or the second optical path 124, and the optical combining end 122 has two outlets respectively connected to the first output port 13 and the second output port 14; the optical splitting end 121 is connected to the input port 11, the optical splitting end 121 is configured to split an input optical pulse into two optical pulses, one optical pulse reaches the optical combining end 122 through the first optical path 123, and the other pulse reaches the optical combining end 122 through the second optical path 124; the phase modulator 125 is configured to select a first basis vector decoding for adjusting the optical pulse phase difference in the first optical path 123 and the second optical path 124 to Δ Φ1Then, the optical combining end 122 combines the optical pulses in the first optical path 123 and the second optical path 124 and inputs the combined optical pulses into the first output port 13; the phase modulator 125 is configured to select a second basis vector decoding for adjusting the optical pulse phase difference in the first optical path 123 and the second optical path 124 to Δ Φ2Then, the light combining end 122 combines the light pulses in the first light path 123 and the second light path 124 and inputs the combined light pulses into the second output port 14.
In the structure shown in fig. 4 and 5, the light splitting end 121 and the light combining end 122 are implemented by a polarization beam splitter, when the polarization beam splitter is used as the light splitting end 121, the transmission end and the reflection end thereof are used as the incident ports of the light combining end 122, and when the polarization beam splitter is used as the light combining end 122, the transmission end and the reflection end thereof are used as the incident ports of the light splitting end 121. Since the structured light splitting end 121 and the light combining end 122 shown in fig. 4 and 5 share the same polarization beam splitter, there are two kinds of light pulses in the transmission directions at the incident end of the polarization beam splitter, so that the light in the incident direction and the light in the emitting direction can be transmitted to different light paths through the circulator, the circulator can output the light input from the i port from the ii port, and the light input from the ii port from the iii port, thereby realizing the transmission of the light in the opposite direction to the light pulse input from the input port 11 to the first output port 13.
The light intensity of the first output port 13 plus the light intensity of the second output port 14 is equal to the light intensity of the input port 11, and assuming that the light intensity of the input port 11 is 1, the following formula sin is satisfied2Φ+cos2Φ =1, so the light intensity output from the first output port 13 is sin2Φ, the light intensity output from the second output port 14 is cos2Phi is measured. If only the first output port 13 is required to output the optical pulse, the phase difference between the optical pulses in the first optical path 123 and the second optical path 124 is adjusted by the phase modulator 125 to be
If only the second output port 14 is required to output an optical pulse, the phase difference between the optical pulses in the first optical path 123 and the second optical path 124 is adjusted to 0 by the phase modulator 125. On the contrary, if the light intensity output by the first output port 13 is cos2Φ, the light intensity output from the second output port 14 is sin2Φ, the principle is the same as above, and will not be described again.
Of course, the basis vector selector 12 may also be an optical switch, and if the system selects the first basis vector decoding, the system directly transmits the optical pulse input from the input port 11 to the first basis vector decoding channel 21 by controlling the optical switch, and if the system selects the second basis vector decoding, the system directly transmits the optical pulse input from the input port 11 to the second basis vector decoding channel 22 by controlling the optical switch.
One structure of the decoding component 2 is schematically shown in fig. 6, wherein the first basis vector decoding channel 21 includes: a polarization rotation device 211, a first polarization beam splitter 212, a second polarization beam splitter 213, a third optical path 214, and a fourth optical path 215, wherein the optical path of the third optical path 214 is not equal to the optical path of the fourth optical path 215; the polarization rotation device 211 is configured to transform two orthogonal polarization states of the optical pulses selected for the first basis vector encoding into orthogonal polarization states corresponding to two output directions of the first polarization beam splitter 212, respectively; the first polarization beam splitter 212 is configured to output one of the transformed orthogonal polarization states to the first output port 13 through the third optical path 214 and the second polarization beam splitter 213, and the first polarization beam splitter 212 is further configured to output the other of the transformed orthogonal polarization states to the first output port 13 through the fourth optical path 215 and the second polarization beam splitter 213, and since the optical path length of the third optical path 214 is not equal to the optical path length of the fourth optical path 215, the optical pulse is resolved into the first component and the second component in the time domain. For example, when the first basis vector decoding channel 21 receives | + and | minus > orthogonal polarization states, and passes through the polarization rotating device 211, the | + and | minus > orthogonal polarization states are converted into | H > and | V > orthogonal polarization states, and | H > is transmitted to the third optical path 214 by the first polarization beam splitter 212 through the transmission of the first polarization beam splitter 212, and | V > is transmitted to the fourth optical path 215 by the reflection of the first polarization beam splitter 212, and since the optical path of the third optical path 214 is not equal to that of the fourth optical path 215, | H > reaches the second polarization beam splitter 213 preferentially and | V > lags | H > to the second polarization beam splitter 213, and | H > is transmitted by the second polarization beam splitter 213 preferentially and | V > lags | H > is reflected by the second polarization beam splitter 213, the first basis vector decoding channel 21 resolves the received | + and | V > orthogonal polarization states into | H > and | V > separated in time domain | >, and >, respectively .
The second basis vector decoding path 22 comprises: a third polarization beam splitter 221, a fourth polarization beam splitter 222, a fifth optical path 223, and a sixth optical path 224, wherein the optical path length of the fifth optical path 223 is not equal to the optical path length of the sixth optical path 224; the third polarization beam splitter 221 is configured to transmit one of the orthogonal polarization states of the optical pulse selected to be encoded by the second basis vector to the second output port 14 after passing through the fifth optical path 223 and the fourth polarization beam splitter 222, and the third polarization beam splitter 221 is further configured to transmit the other one of the orthogonal polarization states of the optical pulse selected to be encoded by the second basis vector to the second output port 14 after passing through the fifth optical path 223 and the fourth polarization beam splitter 222, where the optical pulse is resolved into a third component and a fourth component in the time domain because the optical path length of the fifth optical path 223 is not equal to the optical path length of the sixth optical path 224. For example, when the second basis-vector decoding channel 22 receives | H > and | V > orthogonal polarization states, | H > is transmitted to the fifth optical path 223 by the third polarization beam splitter 221, | V > is transmitted to the sixth optical path 224 by being reflected by the fourth polarization beam splitter 222, | H > preferentially reaches the fourth polarization beam splitter 222 because the optical path of the fourth optical path 223 is not equal to the optical path of the sixth optical path 224, | V > lags | H > and reaches the fourth polarization beam splitter 222, and | H > is preferentially transmitted and output by the fourth polarization beam splitter 222, | V > lags | H > and is reflected and output by the fourth polarization beam splitter 222, and thus the second basis-vector decoding channel 22 resolves the received | H > and | V > orthogonal polarization states into | H > and | V > separated in time domain.
The configuration shown in fig. 6 may be replaced by the configuration shown in fig. 7, and when the first basis vector decoding is selected, the optical switch is connected to one path having the polarization rotation device 214, and when the second basis vector decoding is selected, the optical switch is connected to the other path having the polarization rotation device 214. The operation principle of the decoding component 2 shown in fig. 7 is the same as that of fig. 6, and is not described again.
The structure of the decoding component 2 for resolving the optical pulse into two components in the spatial domain is schematically shown in fig. 8, and the first basis vector decoding channel 21 includes: polarization rotating means 211, a first polarization beam splitter 212, a second polarization beam splitter 213, a third optical path 214, and a fourth optical path 215, said second basis vector decoding channel 22 comprising: a third polarizing beam splitter 221, a fourth polarizing beam splitter 222, a fifth optical path 223, and a sixth optical path 224.
The polarization rotation device 211 is configured to transform two orthogonal polarization states of the optical pulses selected for the first basis vector encoding into orthogonal polarization states corresponding to two output directions of the first polarization beam splitter 212, respectively; the first polarization beam splitter 212 is configured to transmit one of the transformed orthogonal polarization states to the first output port 13 after passing through the third optical path 214 and the second polarization beam splitter 213, and the first polarization beam splitter 212 is further configured to transmit the other of the transformed orthogonal polarization states to the second output port 14 after passing through the fourth optical path 215 and the fourth polarization beam splitter 222, and the optical pulse is resolved into a first component and a second component in a spatial domain because the two polarization states are transmitted to the first output port 13 and the second output port 14, respectively. For example, when the first basis vector decoding channel 21 receives | + and | minus orthogonal polarization states, and passes through the polarization rotating device 211, the | + and | minus orthogonal polarization states are converted into | H > and | V > orthogonal polarization states, and | H > is transmitted to the third optical path 214 by the first polarization beam splitter 212 through the transmission of the first polarization beam splitter 212, and | V > is transmitted to the fourth optical path 215 by the reflection of the first polarization beam splitter 212, since the third optical path 214 is connected to the second polarization beam splitter 213, | H > is transmitted to the second polarization beam splitter 213 and then output, the fourth optical path 215 is connected to the fourth polarization beam splitter 222, and | V > is output by the reflection of the fourth polarization beam splitter 222, and the analytic paths through which | H > and | V > are converted to be different, and thus are spatially separated, so that the first basis vector decoding channel 21 resolves | + and | quadrature polarization states received as | H > and | minus spatially separated in spatial domain L H > and l V >.
The third polarization beam splitter 221 is configured to transmit one of the orthogonal polarization states of the optical pulse selected to be encoded by the second basis vector to the first output port 13 after passing through the fifth optical path 223 and the second polarization beam splitter 213, and the third polarization beam splitter 221 is further configured to transmit the other one of the orthogonal polarization states of the optical pulse selected to be encoded by the second basis vector to the second output port 14 after passing through the sixth optical path 224 and the fourth polarization beam splitter 222, where the optical pulse is resolved into a third component and a fourth component in a spatial domain because the two polarization states are transmitted to the first output port 13 and the second output port 14, respectively. For example, when the second basis vector decoding channel 21 receives | H > and | V > orthogonal polarization states, after passing through the third polarization beam splitter 221, | H > is transmitted to the fifth optical path 223 by the third polarization beam splitter 221, | V > is transmitted to the sixth optical path 224 by the third polarization beam splitter 221, since the fifth optical path 223 is connected to the fourth polarization beam splitter 222, | H > will be transmitted by the fourth polarization beam splitter 222 and output, the sixth optical path 224 is connected to the second polarization beam splitter 213, | V > will be reflected by the second polarization beam splitter 213 and output, | H > and | V > will pass through different resolving paths and be spatially separated, and thus the second basis vector decoding channel 22 resolves the received | H > and | V > orthogonal polarization states into | H > and | V > spatially separated.
The polarization rotation device 211 is a wave plate or a faraday rotator, and mainly functions to rotate the polarization direction of the passing light pulse by 45 degrees, thereby realizing the conversion of | + >, | - >, | R > and | L > into | H > and | V >. A simpler way is: the polarization rotating device 211 comprises a first polarization maintaining fiber and a second polarization maintaining fiber, the polarization rotating device 211 is made by welding the optical axis of the first polarization maintaining fiber rotated by 45 degrees relative to the optical axis of the second polarization maintaining fiber, and the polarization direction of the light pulse passing through the welding position can be rotated by 45 degrees.
The polarization decoding device further comprises an electronic control polarization controller 4, wherein the electronic control polarization controller 4 is used for compensating the polarization state of the received optical pulse to be consistent with the polarization state of the transmitting end and transmitting the optical pulse to the input port 11.
The second aspect of the present application further provides a polarization decoding method based on active basis vector selection, where the polarization decoding method is applied to any one of the above polarization decoding apparatuses based on active basis vector selection, which can resolve orthogonal polarization states into components in a time domain, and the polarization decoding method includes the following steps:
inputting the optical pulse encoded by the first basis vector to a first basis vector decoding channel through an active basis vector selection component, and analyzing the optical pulse into a first component and a second component in a time domain through the first basis vector decoding channel;
inputting the optical pulse encoded by the second basis vector to a second basis vector decoding channel through an active basis vector selection component, and analyzing the optical pulse into a third component and a fourth component in a time domain through the second basis vector decoding channel;
and controlling the frequency of the gating signal of the first single-photon detector to be twice of the frequency of the optical pulse input by the input port, detecting a first component and a second component in a time domain, controlling the frequency of the gating signal of the second single-photon detector to be twice of the frequency of the optical pulse input by the input port, and detecting a third component and a fourth component in the time domain.
The third aspect of the present application further provides a polarization decoding method based on active basis vector selection, which is applied to any one of the above polarization decoding apparatuses based on active basis vector selection, capable of resolving orthogonal polarization states into components in a spatial domain, and the polarization decoding method includes the following steps:
inputting the optical pulse encoded by the first basis vector to a first basis vector decoding channel through an active basis vector selection component, and analyzing the optical pulse into a first component and a second component on a space domain through the first basis vector decoding channel;
inputting the optical pulse encoded by the second basis vector to a second basis vector decoding channel through an active basis vector selection component, and analyzing the optical pulse into a third component and a fourth component on a space domain through the second basis vector decoding channel;
wherein the polarization direction of the first component is orthogonal to the polarization direction of the third component, and the polarization direction of the second component is orthogonal to the polarization direction of the fourth component;
and controlling the first single-photon detector to detect the first component and the third component in the space domain, and controlling the second single-photon detector to detect the second component and the fourth component in the space domain.
The present application has been described in detail with reference to specific embodiments and illustrative examples, but the description is not intended to limit the application. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various equivalent substitutions, modifications or improvements may be made to the presently disclosed embodiments and implementations thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and these fall within the scope of the present disclosure. The protection scope of this application is subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A polarization decoding apparatus based on active basis vector selection, characterized in that the polarization decoding apparatus comprises an active basis vector selection component (1), a decoding component (2) and a detection component (3):
the active basis vector selection component (1) comprises an input port (11), a basis vector selector (12), a first output port (13) and a second output port (14), wherein the basis vector selector (12) is used for transmitting optical pulses input by the input port (11) to the first output port (13) if first basis vector decoding is selected and transmitting optical pulses input by the input port (11) to the second output port (14) if second basis vector decoding is selected;
the decoding assembly (2) comprises a first basis vector decoding channel (21) and a second basis vector decoding channel (22), the first output port (13) being connected to an input of the first basis vector decoding channel (21), the second output port (14) being connected to an input of the second basis vector decoding channel (22);
the first basis vector decoding channel (21) is arranged to resolve the optical pulses encoded with a first basis vector into a first component and a second component in the time domain, and the second basis vector decoding channel (22) is arranged to resolve the optical pulses encoded with a second basis vector into a third component and a fourth component in the time domain;
or, the first basis vector decoding channel (21) is arranged to resolve the optical pulses encoded with a first basis vector into a first component and a second component in spatial domain, and the second basis vector decoding channel (22) is arranged to resolve the optical pulses encoded with a second basis vector into a third component and a fourth component in spatial domain, wherein the polarization direction of the first component is orthogonal to the polarization direction of the third component, and the polarization direction of the second component is orthogonal to the polarization direction of the fourth component;
the detection assembly (3) comprises a first single-photon detector (31) and a second single-photon detector (32), the first single-photon detector (31) being configured for detecting a first component and a second component in the time domain and the second single-photon detector (32) being configured for detecting a third component and a fourth component in the time domain; or the first single-photon detector (31) is configured for detecting the first and third components in the spatial domain and the second single-photon detector (32) is configured for detecting the second and fourth components in the spatial domain.
2. The active basis vector selection-based polarization decoding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the basis vector selector (12) comprises an optical splitting end (121), an optical splitting end (122), a first optical path (123), a second optical path (124), and a phase modulator (125);
the optical path of the first optical path (123) is equal to that of the second optical path (124), the phase modulator (125) is arranged on the first optical path (123) or the second optical path (124), and the optical combining end (122) is provided with two outlets which are respectively connected with the first output port (13) and the second output port (14);
the light splitting end (121) is connected with the input port (11), the light splitting end (121) is used for splitting an input light pulse into two light pulses, one light pulse reaches the light splitting end (122) through a first light path (123), and the other pulse reaches the light splitting end (122) through a second light path (124);
the phase modulator (125) is configured to adjust the optical pulse phase difference in the first optical path (123) and the second optical path (124) to Δ Φ when selecting a first basis vector decoding1The light combining end (122) combines the first light path (123) and the second light pathThe optical pulses in the optical path (124) are input into a first output port (13) after being combined;
the phase modulator (125) is configured to adjust the optical pulse phase difference in the first optical path (123) and the second optical path (124) to Δ Φ when selecting the second basis vector decoding2And then the light combining end (122) combines the light pulses in the first light path (123) and the second light path (124) and inputs the combined light pulses into the second output port (14).
3. Active basis vector selection based polarization decoding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said basis vector selector (12) is an optical switch.
4. The active basis-vector selection-based polarization decoding apparatus of claim 1,
the first basis vector decoding channel (21) comprises: the polarization control device comprises a polarization rotating device (211), a first polarization beam splitter (212), a second polarization beam splitter (213), a third optical path (214) and a fourth optical path (215), wherein the optical path of the third optical path (214) is not equal to the optical path of the fourth optical path (215);
the polarization rotating device (211) is used for respectively transforming two orthogonal polarization states of the optical pulse coded by the selected first base vector into orthogonal polarization states consistent with two output directions of the first polarization beam splitter (212);
the first polarization beam splitter (212) is used for outputting one of the transformed orthogonal polarization states to the first output port (13) after passing through a third optical path (214) and a second polarization beam splitter (213), the first polarization beam splitter (212) is further configured to output the other of the transformed orthogonal polarization states to the first output port (13) after passing through a fourth optical path (215) and the second polarization beam splitter (213), and since the optical path length of the third optical path (214) is not equal to that of the fourth optical path (215), the optical pulse is resolved into a first component and a second component in the time domain;
the second basis vector decoding channel (22) comprises: a third polarization beam splitter (221), a fourth polarization beam splitter (222), a fifth optical path (223), and a sixth optical path (224), wherein the optical path of the fifth optical path (223) is not equal to the optical path of the sixth optical path (224);
the third polarization beam splitter (221) is configured to transmit one of the orthogonal polarization states of the selected second basis vector encoded light pulse to the second output port (14) after passing through a fifth optical path (223) and a fourth polarization beam splitter (222), and the third polarization beam splitter (221) is further configured to transmit the other of the orthogonal polarization states of the selected second basis vector encoded light pulse to the second output port (14) after passing through a fifth optical path (223) and a fourth polarization beam splitter (222), and the light pulse is resolved into a third component and a fourth component in a time domain because an optical path length of the fifth optical path (223) is not equal to an optical path length of the sixth optical path (224).
5. The active basis-vector selection-based polarization decoding apparatus of claim 1,
the first basis vector decoding channel (21) comprises: -polarization rotating means (211), -a first polarizing beam splitter (212), -a second polarizing beam splitter (213), -a third optical path (214), and-a fourth optical path (215), said second basis-vector decoding channel (22) comprising: a third polarization beam splitter (221), a fourth polarization beam splitter (222), a fifth optical path (223), and a sixth optical path (224);
the polarization rotation means (211) is configured to transform the two orthogonal polarization states of the light pulses selected for the first basis vector encoding into orthogonal polarization states coinciding with the two output directions of the first polarizing beam splitter (212), respectively;
the first polarization beam splitter (212) is configured to output one of the transformed orthogonal polarization states to the first output port (13) through the third optical path (214) and the second polarization beam splitter (213), the first polarization beam splitter (212) is further configured to output the other of the transformed orthogonal polarization states to the second output port (14) through the fourth optical path (215) and the fourth polarization beam splitter (222), and the optical pulse is resolved into a first component and a second component in a spatial domain as the two polarization states are transmitted to the first output port (13) and the second output port (14) respectively;
the third polarization beam splitter (221) is configured to transmit one of the orthogonal polarization states of the selected second basis-vector encoded optical pulses to the first output port (13) via the fifth optical path (223) and the second polarization beam splitter (213), and the third polarization beam splitter (221) is further configured to transmit the other of the orthogonal polarization states of the selected second basis-vector encoded optical pulses to the second output port (14) via the sixth optical path (224) and the fourth polarization beam splitter (222), and the optical pulses are resolved into a third component and a fourth component in spatial domain due to the transmission of the two polarization states to the first output port (13) and the second output port (14), respectively.
6. Active basis vector selection based polarization decoding apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the polarization rotation means (211) is a wave plate or a Faraday rotator.
7. The active basis vector selection-based polarization decoding device according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the polarization rotation device (211) comprises a first polarization-maintaining fiber and a second polarization-maintaining fiber, and the polarization rotation device (211) is made by welding an optical axis of the first polarization-maintaining fiber after rotating 45 degrees relative to an optical axis of the second polarization-maintaining fiber.
8. The active basis vector selection-based polarization decoding device according to claim 1, further comprising an electrically-controlled polarization controller (4), wherein the electrically-controlled polarization controller (4) is configured to compensate the polarization state of the received optical pulse to be consistent with the polarization state of the transmitting end and transmit the optical pulse to the input port (11).
9. A polarization decoding method based on active basis vector selection, which is applied to the polarization decoding device based on active basis vector selection according to any one of claims 1 to 4 and 6 to 8, and comprises the following steps:
inputting the optical pulse encoded by the first basis vector to a first basis vector decoding channel through an active basis vector selection component, and analyzing the optical pulse into a first component and a second component in a time domain through the first basis vector decoding channel;
inputting the optical pulse encoded by the second basis vector to a second basis vector decoding channel through an active basis vector selection component, and analyzing the optical pulse into a third component and a fourth component in a time domain through the second basis vector decoding channel;
and controlling the frequency of the gating signal of the first single-photon detector to be twice of the frequency of the optical pulse input by the input port, detecting a first component and a second component in a time domain, controlling the frequency of the gating signal of the second single-photon detector to be twice of the frequency of the optical pulse input by the input port, and detecting a third component and a fourth component in the time domain.
10. A polarization decoding method based on active basis vector selection, which is applied to the polarization decoding device based on active basis vector selection according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and 5 to 8, and comprises the following steps:
inputting the optical pulse encoded by the first basis vector to a first basis vector decoding channel through an active basis vector selection component, and analyzing the optical pulse into a first component and a second component on a space domain through the first basis vector decoding channel;
inputting the optical pulse encoded by the second basis vector to a second basis vector decoding channel through an active basis vector selection component, and analyzing the optical pulse into a third component and a fourth component on a space domain through the second basis vector decoding channel;
wherein the polarization direction of the first component is orthogonal to the polarization direction of the third component, and the polarization direction of the second component is orthogonal to the polarization direction of the fourth component;
and controlling the first single-photon detector to detect the first component and the third component in the space domain, and controlling the second single-photon detector to detect the second component and the fourth component in the space domain.
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