CN106603161A - QKD system sending terminal based on phase modulation light source, receiving terminal, QKD system and method thereof - Google Patents
QKD system sending terminal based on phase modulation light source, receiving terminal, QKD system and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106603161A CN106603161A CN201611129167.3A CN201611129167A CN106603161A CN 106603161 A CN106603161 A CN 106603161A CN 201611129167 A CN201611129167 A CN 201611129167A CN 106603161 A CN106603161 A CN 106603161A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/70—Photonic quantum communication
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/50—Transmitters
- H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
- H04B10/548—Phase or frequency modulation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a QKD system sending terminal based on a phase modulation light source, a receiving terminal, a QKD system and a method thereof. By using the QKD system based on the phase modulation light source, at the sending terminal, the phase modulation light source is adopted; and through X basis vector phase coding and Z basis vector time coding modes, a light pulse pair is coded and then the light pulse pair is sent to the receiving terminal. In the invention, the phase modulation light source is used and a low half-wave voltage is possessed so that energy is saved and a possible is provided for a high speed application of the system; and a bias point problem of an intensity modulator does not need to be considered.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to quantum communications field, more particularly to QKD system transmitting terminal, the receiving terminal based on phase-modulation light source
And QKD system and method.
Background technology
It is one of main Types of quantum key distribution (QKD) experimental system based on the coded system of phase-modulation, because right
It is stronger that the phase-modulation of photon transmits in a fiber antijamming capability, is widely used.Coding based on phase-modulation
System mainly include double unbalanced Mech-Zehnder interferometer systems, Michelson interferometers " plug and play " system and
Sagnac loop systems.Phase-modulation is carried out to photon is mainly achieved in that external modulation, by some electrooptical materials
Phase-modulator applies electric field to change the refractive index of material, and with this light phase is changed.Conventional phase-modulator be based on
The phase-modulator of LiNbO3 crystal or semiconductor waveguide.But phase-modulator can only receive the modulation of pulse voltage, and half
Wave voltage has high demands, it is therefore desirable to complicated drive control circuit, causes system transmitting terminal and receiving terminal structure bulky, also increases
The control difficulty of system.And high half-wave voltage not only expends the high-speed applications that the energy also limit quantum key distribution system.
Document " Directly Phase-Modulated Light Source " (PHYSICAL REVIEW X 6,
031044 (2016)) a kind of scheme that light pulse phase-modulation is directly carried out in light source internal, i.e. phase-modulation light source are proposed.Base
In the thought of light injection, enter line phase premodulated and transmitting pulse respectively using two laser instruments, using phase place premodulated pulse
The phase place of two secondary pulses is fixed, with the internal modulation that relatively low half-wave modulation voltage just realizes light source internal impulse phase.Text
Offer and this light source is separately in the quantum key distribution system of BB84 agreements and DPS agreements, to verify that it is logical in quantum
Multifunctional application in letter, has obtained relatively satisfied result.
But the program is only integrated with the transmitting terminal of quantum key distribution system in document, eliminates transmitting terminal and phase place is adjusted
The use of device processed, and in the receiving terminal of quantum key distribution system, especially in BB84 agreements, compiled using two groups of phase place basic vectors
Decoding causes decoder module to remain a need for a phase-modulator, and the structure of receiving terminal and control nevertheless suffer from the impact of modulator,
The high speed of system should also with the restriction of still modulated device.
Additionally, not referring to the intensity modulated problem for how realizing pulse in document.In quantum key distribution experimental system
Realize optical pulse intensity modulate mode be generally in source outer use intensity modulator, conventional intensity modulator be based on
The Mach-Zehnder electrooptic modulators of LiNbO3 crystal.As above-mentioned phase-modulator, intensity modulator can only receive arteries and veins
The modulation of voltage is rushed, higher half-wave voltage is needed, therefore is also required to complicated drive control circuit, this also increases system
Structure and control burden, limit system high-speed applications.And Mach-Zehnder electrooptic modulators have periodically transmission
Function, to avoid distorted signals, it is necessary to make modulator be operated in just bias point, i.e., in the application of quantum key distribution system
The bias point for carving control intensity modulator is taken, but due to being that optical fiber is inserted by time drift, environment temperature, system laser power
Enter affects with the factors such as coupling loss, and the actual control bias point that is difficult is stablized, and causes intensity modulator output signal to deteriorate.
The problem that prior art is present：
The BB84 agreements quantum key distribution system of prior art application phase-modulation light source does not avoid receiving terminal to phase
The use of position modulator, real system structure and performance are still affected by phase-modulator.Prior art application phase-modulation light source
BB84 agreement quantum key distribution systems do not account for pulse strength modulation challenge, the integrated of system architecture is had
Limitation.Intensity modulator is required for the drive control circuit of complexity as phase-modulator in quantum key distribution system,
The complexity of system architecture and control is caused, and intensity modulator needs moment control bias point to stablize, and is actually difficult to；By force
Degree modulator is also required for higher half-wave voltage as phase-modulator, and the high speed for not only expending the energy and limiting system is compiled
Decoding application.And the tricks state scheme of pulse strength modulation to be the source that generally adopts of QKD system attack scheme of resisting, therefore show
There is technology also inevitably to face the challenge of pulse strength modulation.
The content of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of based on the QKD system transmitting terminal of phase-modulation light source, receiving terminal and QKD system and side
Method, and using the non-equilibrium basic vector coded system of phase versus time, using phase-modulation light source carry out light source internal light pulse generation,
The quantum state preparation process of phase-modulation, and the quantum state preparation process of intensity modulated and trick state scheme implementation process.
In the present invention, a kind of QKD system transmitting terminal based on phase-modulation light source, including phase-modulation light source, in institute
State in phase-modulation light source by phase code and Z basic vector time encoding mode coded light pulses pair, retransmit to receiving terminal；Its
Described in phase code using the one kind in X basic vectors phase code or Y basic vector phase codes.
The phase-modulation light source of the present invention for during phase code, only with X basic vectors phase code or only with Y
Basic vector phase code, therefore be not required to arrange phase-modulator or other modulation devices in receiving terminal.
Contain a pulse in the phase-modulation light source of document PHYSICAL REVIEW X 6,031044 (2016) to produce
Raw laser instrument, pulse train that light source sends and pulse strength actual controlled can pass through in this pulses generation laser instrument
The output intensity of control pulses generation laser instrument realizes the intensity modulated inside phase-modulation light source.By this light source applications to amount
Use of the system to each control module in intensity modulator and background technology can be avoided in quantum key distribution system.
The phase-modulation light source of transmitting terminal of the present invention prepares laser instrument and pulses generation laser instrument, the phase place including phase place
Laser instrument is prepared for producing the long pulse of presetting Δ φ phase differences and being injected into pulses generation laser instrument, the pulses generation swashs
Light device is stimulated and produces short pulse of the phase difference for Δ φ to realize X basic vectors phase code or Y basic vector phase codes, the arteries and veins
Punching produces laser instrument also by the modulation of triggering electric signal to realize Z basic vector time encodings.
The triggering electric signal is that pulses generation laser instrument inside is used to produce the driving electric signal of light pulse pair, by changing
Becoming its voltage (or electric current) can obtain the light pulse pair of varying strength, that is, realize intensity internal modulation.
Preferably, the phase-modulation light source is additionally provided with the optical fiber circulator of three ports, the phase place prepares laser
The long pulse that device is produced is input into first port and enters pulses generation laser instrument, the pulses generation laser instrument through second port
The short pulse of generation is to being input into second port and exporting through the 3rd port.Prepare between laser instrument and optical fiber circulator in phase place
The devices such as isolator, Polarization Controller, variable optical attenuator can be added, to ensure good light injection result.
Transmitting terminal of the present invention is additionally provided with attenuator, and the short pulse is exported to decay through the 3rd port of optical fiber circulator
Device, sends Jing after decay to receiving terminal.
The not homomorphism for light pulse pair of the present invention, can there is different phase codes and Z basic vector time encoding modes.
Preferably, the light pulse is to for signal state, the phase-modulation light source is by the light pulse of signal state to P/ (1-
P likelihood ratio) selects respectively X basic vectors phase code and Z basic vector time encodings；Or Y bases are selected respectively with the likelihood ratio of P/ (1-P)
Arrow phase code and Z basic vector time encodings.
All light pulses randomly choose basic vector to being during signal state during coding, compiled with the probability selection X basic vectors phase place of P
Code (or Y basic vector phase codes), with the probability selection Z basic vector time encodings of 1-P.The value of P needs setting according to practical application,
And 0 ＜ P ＜ 1 of satisfaction.
Preferably, the light pulse including signal state, at least two to inveigling state and vacuum state；Generating not homomorphism
Light pulse pair when, the pulses generation laser instrument applies with different triggering electric signals.
Accordingly, the present invention also provides a kind of QKD system receiving terminal based on phase-modulation light source, including by from transmission
Light pulse is to the beam splitting module that is split after the coding at end, and the detection mould being connected with each output end of the beam splitting module
Block, the beam splitting module is provided with the first output end and the second output end, and the detecting module includes the Z being connected with the first output end
Basic vector time detecting module；And the phase detection module being connected with the second output end.
Wherein phase detection module specifically select X basic vector phase detection modules, or Y basic vector phase detections module should with send out
Sending end is corresponding.
Preferably, the beam splitting module is beam splitter.The splitting ratio of the beam splitter can be arranged as required to.
Preferably, the Z basic vectors time detecting module is a single-photon detector, to detect the strong of short pulse pair
Degree is distributed to carry out the decoding and detection of Z basic vectors.
Preferably, the phase detection module includes unequal arm intervention module and for detecting unequal arm intervention module
The detector module of output optical signal.
Preferably, being provided with two single-photon detectors in detector module, separately detect from unequal arm intervention module
Two kinds of different result of interference.
Preferably, the single-photon detector in detector module is one, from two kinds of unequal arm intervention module not
It is multiplexed to the same single-photon detector by corresponding light path element with result of interference.
The present invention also provides a kind of QKD system based on phase-modulation light source, including the transmitting terminal of mutual light connects and connects
Receiving end, the transmitting terminal is transmitting terminal of the present invention.
Accordingly preferably, the receiving terminal is receiving terminal of the present invention.
A kind of QKD system based on phase-modulation light source, including the transmitting terminal and receiving terminal of mutual light connects, the reception
Hold as receiving terminal of the present invention.
Based on the QKD system of the present invention, the present invention also provides a kind of QKD methods based on phase-modulation light source, including
Using phase-modulation light source, by phase code and Z basic vector time encoding mode encoded light arteries and veins in the phase-modulation light source
Rush right, retransmit to receiving terminal；Wherein described phase code is using the one kind in X basic vectors phase code or Y basic vector phase codes.
The concrete steps and principle of QKD methods may refer to the description about QKD system.
The present invention realizes the internal modulation of light quantum phase place, intensity using phase-modulation light source, enormously simplify quantum key
The structure of dissemination system and control.Because avoid sending and receiving two ends to the external tune such as phase-modulator, intensity modulator
The use of device processed, these external modulation devices require the pulse voltage triggering control of some strength, and intensity modulator needs
Moment modulates just bias point, so both drive control circuit bulky complex, cause transmitting terminal and reception end structure very stupid
Weight, also increases the control difficulty of whole system.
The present invention is capable of achieving high speed, efficient quantum key distribution using phase-modulation light source.Because it is with relatively low half
Wave voltage is just capable of achieving the internal modulation of light pulse arbitrary phase, while the trigger voltage that can pass through control inner laser device is realized
The internal modulation of luminous intensity, it is to avoid the use of the external modulation device such as phase-modulator, intensity modulator, these external modulation devices
Higher half-wave modulation voltage is required, the high spped coding application of quantum key distribution system is limited, and expends the energy.
The symmetric double of quantum key distribution system and prior art of the present invention based on the non-equilibrium basic vector coding of phase versus time
Interferometer structure is compared, it is not necessary to which the basic vector benchmark of accurate alignment transmitting terminal and receiving terminal, detectable signal contrast is not modulated
Device precision affects, and signal contrast that system is detected is high, and non-equilibrium basic vector scheme is proven to have into high excellent of code check
Point.
The quantum key distribution system based on the non-equilibrium basic vector coding of phase versus time of the present invention plus trick state, not only has
Have simple system architecture, it is higher into code check, and photon-number-splitting attack can be resisted.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the quantum key distribution system schematic diagram of embodiment 1；
Fig. 2 is in embodiment 1, respective luminous when phase place prepares laser instrument and pulses generation laser instrument to work independently
Situation schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is the phase modulation principle schematic of phase-modulation light source；
Fig. 4 is the phase modulation exemplary plot of phase-modulation light source；
Fig. 5 is the phase versus time cataloged procedure schematic diagram of Alice ends phase-modulation light source；
Fig. 6 is Alice ends phase versus time cataloged procedure schematic diagram in embodiment 2；
Fig. 7 is the quantum key distribution system schematic diagram in embodiment 3.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
As shown in figure 1, QKD system of the present embodiment based on the non-equilibrium basic vector coding of phase-modulation light source phase versus time, bag
Include transmitting terminal (Alice) and receiving terminal (Bob).
Alice includes phase-modulation light source and attenuator (ATT), and phase-modulation light source specifically includes phase place and prepares laser
Device, pulses generation laser instrument and optical fiber circulator 1 (being not drawn in the optical device figure such as isolator), the present embodiment is adjusted using phase place
Light source processed can real light source, phase code and time encoding.
Phase place prepares the light pulse Jing a ports of laser instrument output and enters optical fiber circulator 1, and is produced by the injected pulse of b ports
Raw laser instrument, the light pulse of pulses generation laser instrument output is exported by port b Jing optical fiber circulators from c ports, i.e. c ports conduct
The output port of phase-modulation light source, enters back into afterwards attenuator (ATT).The output of phase-modulation light source is substantially pulses generation
The output result of laser instrument.
When phase place prepares laser instrument and pulses generation laser instrument works independently, respective luminous situation is as shown in Figure 2.It is vertical
Coordinate voltage value U represents the triggering electric signal of modulation two-laser, and ordinate luminous power is the two-laser under electric signal triggering
The equally spaced uniform light pulse sequence of each spontaneous emission, adjusts the triggering cycle of two kinds of pulse train, makes phase place prepare laser instrument and sends out
A pair of bursts periods that each long pulse for going out sends on the cycle comprising pulses generation laser instrument.In two kinds of pulse trains
Arbitrary neighborhood pulse all have random phase relation.Long pulse takes relative to the triggering electric signal of short pulse in the present embodiment figure
Value, luminous power value are merely illustrative, and both real relative sizes are depending on actual conditions.The core concept of phase-modulation light source
For light injection, the long pulse injected pulse that phase place prepares the presetting Δ φ phase differences of laser instrument is produced into laser instrument, can excitation pulse
Produce laser instrument and launch short pulse of a pair of phase differences for Δ φ, the phase modulation principle of phase-modulation light source is as shown in Figure 3.
As shown in (a) part of Fig. 3, the duration of Δ of centre position one of the triggering electric signal of laser instrument is prepared in phase place
The voltage disturbance of Δ U is introduced in t.The disturbance of electric signal changes the concentration that phase place prepares laser gain medium carrier, draws
The change of gain media refractive index is played, light frequency is thus changed.The light frequency difference introduced in this duration is to this position of long pulse
Shown in (c) part for the linear effect such as Fig. 3 for putting light phase differentiation, light frequency difference causes part phase not modulated before and after long pulse
Position difference Δ φ.
(b) part of Fig. 3 is the long pulse result of the electric signal triggering of (a) part Δ U dither modulations of Fig. 3.From Fig. 3
(b) part as can be seen that the disturbance of electric signal equally changes the amplitude of this position long pulse.To avoid long pulse during phase modulation
Impact of the ghost effects such as frequency, amplitude fluctuations to short pulse after light injection, by the duration alignment arteries and veins of this electric signal disturbance
Punching produces the triggering electric signal interval of laser instrument, that is, close gain of the pulses generation laser instrument to long pulse herein, normal to provide
Respective pulses produce laser instrument identical triggering electric signal in light injection long pulse other positions, before and after making finally only long pulse
Excitation is played in not modulated part when light injects, inspire in pulses generation laser instrument two it is indistinguishable short
Pulse, and pure phase difference φ is delivered between two short pulses, (d) of phase modulated two short pulse such as Fig. 3
Shown in part, this is just for output result after phase-modulation light source phase modulation.It is linear between Δ φ and Δ U, by arranging Δ U
Δ φ can be modulated to arbitrary value.
Fig. 4 is the phase modulation example of phase-modulation light source, and the short pulse phase difference of light source output is Δ φ=0 or Δ φ in figure
=π, the disturbance of corresponding long pulse triggering electric signal is 0 or Δ U, while normally providing pulses generation laser instrument in each position
On triggering electric signal.Still there is random phase between two adjacent after phase modulation as seen from the figure short pulses.Phase-modulation light source
Half-wave voltage Δ U=0.35V, i.e. Uπ=0.35V, far smaller than LiNbO3 crystal, semiconductor waveguide equiphase modulator
Half-wave voltage level (Uπ≈4V).In quantum communications application, the relatively low half-wave voltage of phase-modulation light source is advantageously implemented height
Fast, efficient quantum key distribution, and it is to light source and the integrated system knot for simplifying quantum key distribution of phase-modulator
Structure, is reduced or avoided use of the system to phase-modulator and its complicated control circuit.
As described above, the modulation that electric signal is triggered by preparing laser instrument to phase place realizes the phase modulation of phase-modulation light source
Process, the triggering electric signal duration work of pulses generation laser instrument during this, and when the triggering of modulation pulses generation laser instrument
Electric signal, when making pulses generation laser instrument export the short pulse of varying strength, just realizes tune of the phase-modulation light source to light intensity
Process processed, can equally be reduced or avoided use of the system to intensity modulator and its complicated control circuit.
Light pulse in the present embodiment is compiled to being signal state, the present embodiment using the high non-equilibrium basic vector scheme into code check
Select X basic vectors and Z basic vectors to light pulse to encoding respectively with the likelihood ratio of P/ (1-P) during code, or with the probability of P/ (1-P)
Than selecting Y basic vectors and Z basic vectors to light pulse to encoding respectively.
Selected phase coding basic vector X=[0, π] (or Y=[pi/2,3 pi/2s], this embodiment selects basic vector X), two kinds of phase states
Corresponding relation between bit value can be set to：|0>Phase states encoding ratio paricular value 0, | π>Phase states encoding ratio paricular value 1.The phase of system
Position cataloged procedure is substantially that to select a pair of short pulse phase difference value Δ φ of output be how many processes to phase-modulation light source, Δ φ
=0 correspondence | 0>Phase states, Δ φ=π correspondences | π>Phase states.According to the corresponding relation of Δ φ and Δ U, two kinds of phase place systems are set
The triggering electric signal of standby laser instrument so as to respectively with Δ U1=0 and Δ U2=UπDisturbance, this two kinds triggering electric signals difference
A pair of phase difference values of corresponding phase modulated light source output are Δ φ1=0 short pulse and a pair of phase differences are Δ φ2=π's is short
Pulse, i.e., export respectively | and 0>Phase states and | π>The short pulse pair of phase states.
Selection time coding basic vector is Z, and basic vector Z contains the intensity distribution state of two kinds of short pulses pair.Timing distribution is gone forward
The short pulse intensity in face is 0, and short pulse intensity below is constant, this intensity distribution state encoding ratio paricular value 0；Short pulse above is strong
Degree is constant, and short pulse intensity below is 0, this intensity distribution state encoding ratio paricular value 1.The time encoding of system is substantially phase place tune
Light source processed triggers the modulated process of electric signal to pulses generation laser instrument, and phase place prepares laser works during time encoding.Modulation
The triggering electric signal of pulses generation laser instrument, when the coding to bit value 0, closing timing is distributed touching for short pulse above
Electrical signal so as to which light intensity is 0, the normal trigger voltage signal that short pulse below is provided；When the coding to bit value 1,
The triggering electric signal of the short pulse in closing timing distribution below so as to which light intensity is 0, the normal triggering that short pulse above is provided
Voltage signal.
Inside Alice, randomizer (being not drawn in Fig. 1) produce one group of random number sequence as Alice ends with
Machine bit value, and another group of random sequence is generated for selecting coding basic vector, wherein 0 represents X bases with the likelihood ratio of P/ (1-P)
Arrow, 1 represents Z basic vectors.
Phase place, the time encoding process of Alice ends phase-modulation light source are specifically described by taking Fig. 5 as an example.If Alice is generated
0110 random bit string, and select Z, X, Z, X basic vector to encode random bit string successively.Referring to Fig. 5 top sheets.
As shown in (a) part of Fig. 5, when Alice encodes first bit value 0 using Z basic vectors, to phase place laser is prepared
Device is with disturbance Δ U1Triggering electric signal,；Pulse is modulated according to intensity distribution state situation corresponding with bit value 0 and generates laser
The triggering electric signal of device, makes the triggering electric signal in timing distribution at a positions be normal for the triggering electric signal at 0, b positions
Value.
Pulses generation laser instrument prepares the presetting Δ φ of laser instrument through phase place1The long pulse injection of phase place, and Jing above-mentioned two
Individual triggering electric signal triggering, shown in (b) part of result such as Fig. 5 of the short pulse pair of output, short pulse intensity is 0 at a positions,
Short pulse intensity is normal value at b positions.When Alice encodes the 3rd bit value 1 using Z basic vectors, and encoded using Z basic vectors
Compare during first bit value 0, phase place prepares laser instrument and still launches presetting Δ φ1The long pulse of phase place carries out light injection, modulation
In contrast, the result of generation is also in contrast for the method for pulses generation laser instrument triggering electric signal.Short arteries and veins after Z basic vectors coding
Punching pair has random phase relation with adjacent short pulse.
As shown in (a) part of Fig. 5, when Alice encodes second bit value 1 using X basic vectors, to phase place laser is prepared
Device is with disturbance Δ U2Triggering electric signal, to c, d position in pulses generation laser instrument timing distribution in normal value it is slightly lower
Identical triggering electric signal, then prepare the presetting Δ φ of laser instrument through phase place2The long pulse of phase place, in injected pulse laser instrument is produced
A pair of short pulses that phase difference is π are inspired afterwards, as a result as shown in (b) of Fig. 5 divides.
When Alice encodes the 4th bit value 0 using X basic vectors, preparing laser tape to phase place has disturbance Δ U1Touch
Electrical signal, to two on pulses generation laser instrument correspondence timing position in the slightly lower identical triggering electric signal of normal value, as a result
As shown in (b) part of Fig. 5, pulses generation laser instrument phase difference output is 0 a pair of short pulses.The overall exhibition in (b) part of Fig. 5
This time coding results of the Alice to 0110 random bit is shown.
In the coded system of the present invention, single short pulse intensity is single short pulse under Z basic vectors coding under X basic vectors coding
The half of intensity, this is relevant with the distribution probability of single photon quantum state, does not explain in detail herein.
Export from the c ports of phase place modulated light source through the short pulse sequence of phase place, time encoding, along optical fiber to forward pass
Defeated, the short pulse of arrival is decayed to single photon level by attenuator ATT, the short pulse sequence after decay in the optical-fibre channel 2 after
Resume defeated and reach Bob ends.
At Bob ends, fiber optic splitter 3 (P values can be arranged as required to the splitting ratio of fiber optic splitter 3) is by short pulse
Sequence is divided into two-way, carries out time decoder detection into single-photon detector D3 all the way, and another road continues to transmit.
Single-photon detector D3 detects the short pulse for reaching according to the reference time, and will wherein with two kinds of short arteries and veins under Z basic vectors
Rush intensity distribution state identical result and be designated as bit value 0 or bit value 1.In the basic vector comparison process of Data Post, Bob will
He does not measure one of short pulse within the reference time of which short pulse pair to inform Alice, but will not announce measurement
As a result, Alice tells which of Bob is correct at moment, gives up other incorrect results.
Fiber coupler 5 is reached from another short out pulse train of the output of fiber optic splitter 3 through optical fiber circulator 4.This
Process afterwards is that system phase decodes detection process.Fiber coupler 5, optical fiber delay coil 6, faraday's speculum 7 and farad
Speculum 8 etc. constitutes an optical fibre Michelson interferometer, and effect is that the pulse in front and back for making this short pulse sequence is done
Relate to, with the phase difference between pulse before and after detection.Herein between time lag of first order half bursts period of correspondence of optical fiber delay coil 6
Every.The short pulse sequence for reaching fiber coupler 5 is divided into two-way, all the way into the long-armed of optical fibre Michelson interferometer,
The short pulse of wherein 6 pairs of processes of optical fiber delay coil carries out first time delayed-action, and faraday's speculum 7 reflexes to the short arteries and veins for coming
Punching, and integrally the polarization state of short pulse is rotated by 90 ° into return, the short pulse of return experienced second at optical fiber delay coil 6
Secondary delayed-action, finally returns to fiber coupler 5；Another road of short pulse sequence divided equally by fiber coupler 5 enters optical fiber
The galianconism of Michelson interferometers, is reflected by faraday's speculum 8 and polarization state is rotated by 90 °, has finally also returned to light
Fine coupler 5.
Two-way short pulse sequence is interfered at fiber coupler 5.Optical fiber delay coil 6 prolongs twice to long-armed pulse
Effect late makes two-way short pulse sequence meet at fiber coupler 5 one pulse period of phase difference, occurs in fiber coupler 5
Interference equivalent to the interference between two short pulses before and after in short pulse sequence, two short pulses are can extract out from this result of interference
Phase information.The short pulse interference situations of (0 or π) poor for out of phase, the form of expression of result of interference is from optical fiber coupling
The different port in the left side of clutch 5 exports a light pulse, and the light pulse of upper left side ports output is detected by single-photon detector D1,
The light pulse Jing optical fiber circulators 4 of lower-left side ports output enter single-photon detector D2.Single-photon detector D1 and single photon
The corresponding different bit value of response of detector D2.In the basic vector comparison process of Data Post, Bob will inform Alice he
Obtain clear and definite bit value in the reference time of which short pulse pair, but measurement result will not be announced, Alice tell Bob which
Moment is correct, gives up other incorrect results.
Embodiment 2
The Security Proof of quantum key distribution is applied to monochromatic light subcase in embodiment 1, is difficult to produce monochromatic light in practice
Component, thus launched using phase-modulation light source and Jing intensity attenuators ATT decay to single photon level weak coherent light come
Replace.The light pulse that weak coherent light source sends is in addition to monochromatic light subconstiuent, it may have multi-photon composition, and listener-in is using light more
Subconstiuent can carry out number of photons separation (PNS) attack.The thought for inveigling state is to carry to resist number of photons separation (PNS) attack
Go out.In order to find the attack of listener-in, Alice launches at random the light pulse of varying strength, the wherein ratio of single photon, multi-photon
Example is different, and listener-in cannot distinguish between the light pulse which kind of intensity Alice employs, then the percent of pass of multi-photon can not be carried out
The regulation of adaptation, keeps constant so as to can not simultaneously ensure that varying strength light pulse reaches the statistics at Bob ends.
The present embodiment combines non-equilibrium basic vector scheme on the basis of embodiment 1 and inveigles state thought, and preferred parameter is most
Optimization high-efficiency scheme.Wherein system architecture can be found in Fig. 1, Alice and Bob and mainly select X basic vectors (or Y basic vectors) and Z basic vectors
In one (this sentence selection Z basic vectors as a example by) for generating quantum key, (this sentences selection X basic vectors to another basic vector
Example) it is used to monitor quantum channel.Compared with the vacuum adopted in standard BB84 agreement-weak coherent light inveigles state scheme, this enforcement
Example reduces the species that Alice prepares |photon state |, reduces the use to randomizer, simplifies system, and this is non-flat
Weighing apparatus basic vector is combined inveigles the scheme of state thought to have relative to higher into code check in theory.
Under same coding basic vector, phase-modulation light source launches the short pulse of varying strength on luminous timing position：
A kind of short pulse intensity is only set under X basic vectors, that is, inveigles state 1；Under Z basic vectors arrange two kinds of short pulse intensity, i.e. signal state,
Inveigle state 2；In addition emissive porwer is 0 vacuum state, does not select any basic vector to encode.
Alice of the present invention is prepared for altogether four kinds of |photon state |s (signal state, trick state 1, trick state 2, vacuum state), and in mark
The vacuum adopted in quasi- BB84 agreements-weak coherent light is inveigled in state scheme and is prepared for six kinds of |photon state |s altogether.Alice selects X bases
The process of arrow or Z basic vector coded light pulses is identical with embodiment one.Jing intensity attenuators ATT decay to single photon level
Afterwards, the short pulse of four kinds of states is respectively μ, v to average photon number1、v2With 0.If the short pulse of four kinds of states is to time ratioThe coding basic vector for then inveigling Alice in state scheme is selected such as the institute of table 1
Show.
Form 1 inveigles the coding basic vector of Alice in state scheme to select
As it was previously stated, the triggering electric signal of modulation pulses generation laser instrument, makes pulses generation laser instrument export varying strength
Short pulse, to realize modulation of the phase-modulation light source to light intensity.The pulses generation laser instrument triggering of four kinds of varying strengths is set
Value of electrical signals Uμ、With 0, it is respectively used to modulate pulses generation laser instrument so as to output signal state pulse, inveigle state 1
Pulse, the trick pulse of state 2 and vacuum state pulse.As shown in table 1, a kind of short arteries and veins of intensity of state modulating scheme is inveigled under X basic vectors
Punching (inveigles state 1), and respective pulses produce the triggering electric signal of laser instrument and areInveigle two kinds of state modulating scheme strong under Z basic vectors
The short pulse (signal state and trick state 2) of degree, it is U that respective pulses produce the triggering electric signal of laser instrumentμWithVacuum state clock pulse
Punching produces laser instrument and does not work on two timing positions of short pulse pair, and its triggering electric signal and short pulse intensity are all 0.
Still carry out the cataloged procedure that descriptive system adds Alice when inveigling state by taking 0110 random bit string as an example, as shown in Figure 6.
Probability distribution of the Alice according to table 1 is now set, the short pulse to four bit values is randomly choosed to carrying out signal state successively, luring
Deceive state 1, inveigle the intensity modulated of state 2, vacuum state, the corresponding coding basic vector of four kinds of intensity modulateds to select referring to Fig. 6 top sheets.
Wherein Alice encodes successively the process of first three bit value 011 using Z, X, Z basic vector, to two-laser in phase-modulation light source
Operation it is substantially the same manner as Example 1, difference is, the triggered as normal electric signal for providing pulses generation laser instrument originally
By Uμ、Value is substituted.As shown in (a) part of Fig. 6, when Alice encodes first bit value 0 using Z basic vectors, give
Phase place prepares laser tape disturbance Δ U1Triggering electric signal,；Modulated according to intensity distribution state situation corresponding with bit value 0
Pulse generates the triggering electric signal of laser instrument, makes the triggering electric signal in timing distribution at a positions be the triggering electricity at 0, b positions
Signal is Uμ.Pulses generation laser instrument prepares the presetting Δ φ of laser instrument through phase place1The long pulse injection of phase place, and Jing above-mentioned two
Individual triggering electric signal triggering, shown in (b) part of result such as Fig. 6 of the short pulse pair of output, short pulse intensity is 0 at a positions,
Short pulse intensity is μ at b positions0.When Alice encodes the 3rd bit value 1 using basic vector Z, with using Z basic vectors first is encoded
Compare during individual bit value 0, phase place prepares laser instrument and still launches presetting Δ φ1The long pulse of phase place carries out light injection, according to than
The corresponding intensity distribution state situation of paricular value 1 modulates the triggering electric signal of pulses generation laser instrument, makes in timing distribution at e positions
Triggering electric signal isTriggering electric signal on f positions is 0.It is presetting that pulses generation laser instrument prepares laser instrument through phase place
Δφ1The long pulse injection of phase place, and the triggering electric signal triggering of Jing above-mentioned twos, the result such as Fig. 6 of the short pulse pair of output
B shown in () part, the short pulse intensity at e positions is v20, the short pulse intensity 0 at f positions.Short pulse after Z basic vectors coding
Pair there is random phase relation with adjacent short pulse.
As shown in (a) part of Fig. 6, when second bit value 1 is encoded using X basic vectors, to phase place laser tape is prepared
There is disturbance Δ U2Triggering electric signal, to pulses generation laser instrument identical U at c, d position in timing distributionv1Value triggering telecommunications
Number, then prepare the presetting Δ φ of laser instrument through phase place2The long pulse of phase place, after injected pulse produces laser instrument phase place is inspired
Difference is a pair of short pulses of π, and this two short pulse intensity levels are affected by triggering electric signal, are all v10, as a result such as (b) portion of Fig. 6
Shown in point.
For the 4th bit value 0, Alice do not select any basic vector to be encoded, prepare laser tape to phase place and thanks for your hospitality
Dynamic Δ U1Triggering electric signal, pulses generation laser instrument does not work, and its triggering electric signal is 0, the upper phases of correspondence timing position g, h
The pulse strength of position modulated light source output is all 0.(b) part of Fig. 6 is overall illustrate plus inveigle after state Alice to 0110 with
The coding result of machine bit.
Export from the c ports of phase place modulated light source through the short pulse sequence of phase place, time encoding, along optical fiber to forward pass
Defeated, attenuator ATT is by the short pulse of above-mentioned four kinds of intensity to decaying to μ, v respectively1、v2Single photon level with 0, after decay
Short pulse sequence continues to transmit and reach Bob ends in optical-fibre channel 2.In order fiber optic splitter about 3 two output ports point
Beam ratio is px/pz(px+pz=1), i.e., Bob is with Probability pxAnd pzX basic vectors and Z basic vectors is selected to solve the short pulse for receiving respectively
Code detection.Bob selects the process of X basic vectors or Z basic vectors decoding detecting optical pulses same as Example 1.
After Bob receives all of short pulse, Alice tells which short pulse of Bob to inveigle state and vacuum state, Liang Zhetong
Cross and disclose negotiation, sentenced by the percent of pass and trick state pulse of estimation and comparison signal state pulse, the percent of pass of vacuum state pulse
It is disconnected with the presence or absence of attack and safe into code check using the calculating of GLLP conclusions.Mark the safety of single-photon source public into code check to GLLP
Formula is modified slightly, and the safety for drawing the present embodiment is into code check
This formula is each signal state pulse into code check.Because final key is only decoded in the data of detection from Bob with Z basic vectors
Extract, therefore all variables are all the measured values under Z basic vectors in formula (1), subscript z represents Z basic vectors.When Alice is with X basic vectors
Coding sends all of signal state, when final key with X basic vectors from Bob by only the extracting data of detection is decoded, in formula (1)
All variables are all then the measured values under X basic vectors, and subscript z will be changed to subscript x.In formula (1)：
1.q is the basic vector comparison efficiency of Alice and Bob.Alice sends all of signal state, therefore q with Z basic vectors coding
=pμ·pz。
2.For Bob receive monochromatic light subconstiuent, you can for safety into code part.
3.The size of key that item is consumed by error correction.F for error correction scheme error correction efficiency, for comparing at present
Good algorithm f=1.16,The detectivity that Alice sends signal state is received for Bob, it is as all for into the original of code
Key information,For total error rate QBER,WithDirectly can measure from system results.H (x)=- xlog2
(x)-(1-x)log2(1-x) it is binary entropy function.
4.Item amplifies the size of key for needing to abandon for privacy.For the phase error rate of monochromatic light subconstiuent, no
Can direct measurement.
In the vacuum that standard BB84 agreement is adopted-weak coherent light inveigles state scheme, in order to calculate safety into code check, system
Signal state need to be used, inveigle the result of detection of state, all basic vectors of vacuum state to estimate Q1；The condition of balance basic vector is adopted based on it,
According to phase error and the symmetry of bit-errors, can be from the bit-errors of signal state or the bit-errors e of trick state1Middle estimation
Go out phase error rateThe present embodiment employs non-equilibrium basic vector scheme, thus obtained using the detection of Z basic vectors signal state, lure
The result for deceiving state and vacuum state is estimatedThe bit error rate of the trick state pulse obtained using the detection of X basic vectors is estimated
When Alice sends all of signal state with basic vector X codings, final key only decodes the extracting data of detection from Bob with basic vector X
When, system then needs to estimate using the X basic vectors detection signal state for obtaining, the result for inveigling state and vacuum stateAnd using Z bases
The bit error rate of the trick state pulse that arrow detection is obtained is estimated
Lower limit of the safety into code check R in order to reduce formula (1), it usually needs reduceLower limit and raisingThe upper limit, it is real
By optimizing μ, ν when border operates1、ν2、pμ、p0、pxAnd pzEtc. being realized.Because sending average photon number as Alice
For the pulse of μ, Bob detects the composition of i (i=0,1,2...) individual photon pulse and is
Wherein YiFor the probability that Bob detects i photon pulse, so the monochromatic light subconstiuent that Bob is received in the system
Lower limit be
When random sampling deviation is not considered, have
Estimated using the Z basic vectors detection signal state for obtaining, the result for inveigling state and vacuum stateFor
Alice is received for Bob send the detectivity for inveigling state 2, Y0It is spuious comprising detector dark counting and channel
The system background noise that light etc. is caused,And Y0Directly can measure from system results.
The trick state pulse bit error rate obtained using the detection of X basic vectors is estimatedFor
The error rate for inveigling state 1 is detected under X basic vectors for Bob,Bob receives Alice and sends the spy for inveigling state 1
Survey rate, e0Survey is the noise error caused due to reasons such as system dark counting, afterpulse and crosstalk noises,And e0
Directly can measure from system results.According toWithSafety can be obtained into the lower limit of code check R.
If it is considered that finite sampling fluctuation, it is possible to use sample taken at random is estimated without method of replacingWith's
Deviation,WithDeviation.
Embodiment 3
Referring to Fig. 7, the optical fibre Michelson interferometer structure in Bob is replaced with optical fiber Mach- by the present embodiment
Zehnder interferometer structures.The short pulse sequence for reaching Bob is two-way by 9 points of the fiber optic splitter of any beam splitter ratio, all the way
Into single-photon detector D3, identical with above-mentioned two embodiment, the detection of deadline basic vector, another road enters fiber optic splitter
10。
Splitting ratio is 50/50 fiber optic splitter 10 and fiber optic splitter 11 that splitting ratio is 50/50 and optical fiber delay
Line 12 constitutes the unbalanced Mech-Zehnder interferometer structure of light pulse differential delay, for realizing short pulse sequence in before
The interference of two pulses afterwards, the now setting of fibre delay line 12 is i.e. in order to realize the differential delay of an applied in short pulse intervals.
Phase modulated or intensity modulated short pulse sequence reaches beam splitter 10, enters after being divided equally by 10 points of beam splitter
The two-arm up and down of Mach-Zehnder interferometers, forms two beam identical short pulse sequences, the short pulse sequence Jing of upper arm transmission
The time delay of 12 1 applied in short pulse intervals of fibre delay line is crossed, with the short pulse sequence of underarm transmission at fiber optic splitter 11
Meet and interfere, realize the interference before and after initial short pulse sequence between pulse, i.e. short pulse pair into before fiber optic splitter 10
Interference between middle pulse, when short pulse to phase difference is 0 when, the upper output port of beam splitter 11 exports a light pulse, quilt
Single-photon detector D1 is detected；When short pulse to phase difference is π when, the lower output port of beam splitter 11 exports a light arteries and veins
Punching, is detected by single-photon detector D2.In the basic vector comparison process of Data Post, Bob tells Alice by overt channel
He obtains clear and definite bit value in the reference time of which short pulse pair, but does not announce the result of detector, and Alice tells Bob
The base of which result matches, and gives up corresponding result when base is mismatched.
Disclosed above is only the specific embodiment of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to this, the technology of this area
Personnel the present invention can be carried out it is various change and modification without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.Obviously these are changed and become
Type all should belong in the protection domain protection of application claims.Although additionally, some specific terms used in this specification,
But these terms are merely for convenience of description, the present invention is not constituted any specifically limited.
Claims (15)
1. a kind of QKD system transmitting terminal based on phase-modulation light source, including phase-modulation light source, it is characterised in that described
By phase code and Z basic vector time encoding mode coded light pulses pair in phase-modulation light source, retransmit to receiving terminal；Wherein
The phase code is using the one kind in X basic vectors phase code or Y basic vector phase codes.
2. the QKD system transmitting terminal of phase-modulation light source is based on as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the phase place is adjusted
Light source processed prepares laser instrument and pulses generation laser instrument including phase place；
The phase place prepares laser instrument for producing the long pulse of presetting Δ φ phase differences and being injected into pulses generation laser instrument；
The pulses generation laser instrument is stimulated and produces short pulse of the phase difference for Δ φ to realize X or Y basic vector phase codes,
The pulses generation laser instrument also realizes Z basic vector time encodings by triggering the modulation of electric signal.
3. the QKD system transmitting terminal of phase-modulation light source is based on as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the phase place is adjusted
Light source processed is additionally provided with the optical fiber circulator of three ports, and the phase place prepares the long pulse input first port of laser instrument generation simultaneously
Pulses generation laser instrument is entered through second port, the short pulse that the pulses generation laser instrument is produced is to being input into second port simultaneously
Through the output of the 3rd port.
4. the QKD system transmitting terminal of phase-modulation light source is based on as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that be additionally provided with decay
Device, the short pulse is exported to attenuator to the 3rd port through optical fiber circulator, is sent to receiving terminal Jing after decay.
5. the QKD system transmitting terminal based on phase-modulation light source as described in any one of Claims 1 to 4, it is characterised in that institute
Light pulse is stated to for signal state, the phase-modulation light source is by the light pulse of signal state to selecting X respectively with the likelihood ratio of P/ (1-P)
Basic vector phase code and Z basic vector time encodings；Or when with the likelihood ratio of P/ (1-P) selecting Y basic vectors phase code and Z basic vectors respectively
Between encode.
6. the QKD system transmitting terminal based on phase-modulation light source as described in any one of Claims 1 to 4, it is characterised in that institute
Light pulse is stated to inveigling state and vacuum state including signal state, at least two；When the not light pulse pair of homomorphism is generated, the arteries and veins
Punching produces laser instrument and applies with different triggering electric signals.
7. a kind of QKD system receiving terminal based on phase-modulation light source, including by the light pulse after the coding of transmitting terminal to entering
The beam splitting module of row beam splitting, and the detecting module being connected with each output end of the beam splitting module, it is characterised in that described point
Beam module is provided with the first output end and the second output end, and the detecting module includes the Z basic vector times being connected with the first output end
Detecting module；And the phase detection module being connected with the second output end.
8. the QKD system receiving terminal of phase-modulation light source is based on as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that the phase place is visited
Surveying module includes unequal arm intervention module and for detecting the detector module that unequal arm intervention module exports optical signal.
9. the QKD system receiving terminal of phase-modulation light source is based on as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that detector module
In be provided with two single-photon detectors, separately detect from two kinds of unequal arm intervention module different result of interference.
10. the QKD system receiving terminal of phase-modulation light source is based on as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that detector module
In single-photon detector be one, pass through corresponding light path element from two kinds of unequal arm intervention module different result of interference
It is multiplexed to the same single-photon detector.
The 11. QKD system receiving terminals based on phase-modulation light source as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that the Z basic vectors
Time detecting module be a single-photon detector, to detect the intensity distribution of short pulse pair with carry out Z basic vectors decoding and
Detection.
A kind of 12. QKD systems based on phase-modulation light source, including the transmitting terminal and receiving terminal of mutual light connects, its feature exists
In the transmitting terminal is the transmitting terminal described in any one of claim 1～6.
13. QKD systems based on phase-modulation light source as claimed in claim 12, it is characterised in that the receiving terminal is power
Profit requires the receiving terminal described in 7～11 any one.
A kind of 14. QKD methods based on phase-modulation light source, it is characterised in that include using phase-modulation light source, in the phase
By phase code and Z basic vector time encoding mode coded light pulses pair in the modulated light source of position, retransmit to receiving terminal；Wherein institute
Phase code is stated using the one kind in X basic vectors phase code or Y basic vector phase codes.
The 15. QKD methods based on phase-modulation light source as claimed in claim 14, it is characterised in that based on claim 12
Or the QKD system based on phase-modulation light source described in 13 and implement.
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| CN112994885A (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2021-06-18 | 国开启科量子技术(北京)有限公司 | Chip structure for sending end of time phase coding quantum key distribution system |
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Application publication date: 20170426 |