CN109560876A - Time phase-polarization encoder device, decoding apparatus and quantum communication system - Google Patents
Time phase-polarization encoder device, decoding apparatus and quantum communication system Download PDFInfo
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- CN109560876A CN109560876A CN201710881838.XA CN201710881838A CN109560876A CN 109560876 A CN109560876 A CN 109560876A CN 201710881838 A CN201710881838 A CN 201710881838A CN 109560876 A CN109560876 A CN 109560876A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/50—Transmitters
- H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
- H04B10/532—Polarisation modulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/50—Transmitters
- H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
- H04B10/548—Phase or frequency modulation
- H04B10/556—Digital modulation, e.g. differential phase shift keying [DPSK] or frequency shift keying [FSK]
- H04B10/5561—Digital phase modulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/60—Receivers
- H04B10/61—Coherent receivers
- H04B10/613—Coherent receivers including phase diversity, e.g., having in-phase and quadrature branches, as in QPSK coherent receivers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/60—Receivers
- H04B10/61—Coherent receivers
- H04B10/614—Coherent receivers comprising one or more polarization beam splitters, e.g. polarization multiplexed [PolMux] X-PSK coherent receivers, polarization diversity heterodyne coherent receivers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/70—Photonic quantum communication
Abstract
The invention proposes a kind of code device based on time phase-polarization encoder, decoding apparatus and quantum communication systems, it will wherein encode time phase and be organically combined with polarization encoder, make it possible to realize time phase coding and polarization encoder on the same light pulse signal, greatly improves into code rate；Organically time, phase and polarization decoding are combined together simultaneously, greatly simplify decoding structure, and the inherent loss for reducing decoding end is set by non-equilibrium basic vector, realize time basic vector losslessly encoding or reduces system time window.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to quantum communications fields, and in particular to can be used for time phase-polarization coding and decoding device and quantum is logical
Letter system.
Background technique
The Main way and frontier development that quantum communications develop as contemporary communication technology, due to its with respect to traditional communication and
Speech, can guarantee in principle communication absolute safety, therefore attracted various countries scientific worker's note that its develop day it is new
The moon is different.With the progress at full speed of application and research, there is a growing awareness that this biography of absolute safety in quantum communications principle
System communicates unrivaled advantage.
In quantum communications field, most widely used and mature is quantum key distribution direction.Quantum key distribution with
The basic principles such as quantum is not reproducible are that starting point is safely transmitted information by the cipher mode of " one-time pad " very much,
It is highly suitable for the very high national defence unit of confidentiality requirement, government bodies, R&D institution and financial institution etc..
In the encoding scheme of quantum key distribution of today, application range it is wider be polarization encoder and phase code side
Case.
Wherein, the polarization encoder scheme proposed earliest for 1984, advantage are that receiving end Insertion Loss is low, at low cost and structure is simple
It is single, therefore be at present most important encoding scheme.Disadvantage is that optical fiber polarisation disturbance is affected to polarized systems,
Directly affect the bit error rate.In practical applications, Fraquent start polarization feedback mechanism or increasing are also needed for aerial optical cable environment
If fast module partially, which reaches normal level to control the bit error rate, just can guarantee into code.However increased structure and mechanism are when also bringing
Between on waste so that at code rate reduce or it is unstable.
In contrast, phase encoding scheme prepares light pulse using unequal arm interferometer, by former and later two light pulses
Increase relative phase difference, and information is carried with this.Due to phase encoding scheme influenced by the polarization variations of optical fiber it is smaller, because
Even if this polarization changes and received counting rate is caused to decline, the optics bit error rate will not be caused to rise.This makes phase
Encoding scheme is more suitable the more violent situation of polarization variations.However, the disadvantage of the program is the reception of conventional phase system
Hold Insertion Loss very big, the receiving end than polarization encoder system increases at least 3dB.When external environment is severe, receiving loss can also be after
It is continuous to increase, lead into code rate and farthest at code distance lower than polarized systems.
On the basis of the above, there has been proposed time bit-phase code schemes.The program combine time basic vector and
Phase basic vector.Since time basic vector is more more stable than polarization and phase, so improving into code rate to a certain extent.And phase
Position basic vector can suitably get rid of influence of the system to polarization, to adapt to complicated external environment.However depositing due to phase basic vector
In the shortcomings that program also inherits a part of phase encoding scheme: phase basic vector receiving end Insertion Loss is big and non-interference portion is deposited
In 3dB inherent loss.This point can be by the selection percentage of change time basic vector and phase basic vector, and suitably increases signal
The polarization state modulation scheme of light optimizes.However, correspondingly, the control process of system is extremely complex, such as to parameters such as temperature
High-precision control is carried out, also increases cost and complexity in structure.
All there are respective advantage and disadvantage in the encoding scheme of above-mentioned three kinds of mainstreams.However, encoding scheme common problem
It is not high enough to be into code rate, transmission range is not remote enough.Even if using schemes such as non-equilibrium basic vectors, increase rate is still limited.
Therefore, people have also been proposed many Optimized Coding Based schemes, it is intended to solve the above problems.
Wang Jindong in 2010 et al. propose a kind of combination BB84 agreement and DPS agreement highly effective quantum communication protocol (see
Document J.Phys.B 43,095504 (2010)).Fig. 1 schematically shows the encoding and decoding structure according to the agreement, wherein single
First arbitrarily 4 kinds of polarization states of selection are encoded for a photon, are separated into three pulses and are gone forward side by side line delay, then in two adjacent arteries and veins
Differential phase coding is carried out between punching, so that the key generation efficiency of single photon is promoted to 7/6.
Zhao in 2013 cares for white et al. and is improved scheme shown in FIG. 1 (see document J.Optoeletronics
Laser24,133 (2013)), wherein having used BB84 agreement in polarization dimension coding and phase dimension coding.Fig. 2 shows
Encoding and decoding structural schematic diagram based on this improvement project, wherein being generated 4 required for polarization encoder respectively using 4 lasers
Kind polarization quantum state, then this four roads optical signal carries out conjunction beam, and photon later enters unequal arm interferometer and is divided into two beam of front and back
Light pulse is for carrying out phase code.In decoding end, photon is introduced into unequal arm interferometer and carries out phase decoding, then passes through beam splitting
Device and polarization beam apparatus carry out polarization decoding.
A kind of novel possible for any signal dissemination system scheme is proposed in Chinese patent CN205647538, wherein tying
Differential phase coding and polarization state coding mode are closed.As shown in figure 3, within the system, introducing faraday mirror structure, and lead to
Improvement conventional system architecture is crossed, higher system effectiveness and better stability are realized.Such as in decoding end, first using actively
Basic vector selection method is decoded polarization dimension, and redesign interference path reaches phase decoding probability in differential phase agreement
To 100%.
However in above-mentioned Polarization Modulation scheme, some is using inefficient mechanical rotation plectrum mode, some uses pair
The exigent Electro-optical Modulation crystal scheme of high-speed electrical signals modulation technique difficulty, some code rates are very low.On the other hand, phase
Although the scheme of position-polarization encoder when theoretically each single photon communicates, increases the encoded information of 1 bit, but begin
There is the decoded 3dB inherent loss of phase basic vector eventually, and causes finally very limited at the raising of code rate.Also, above scheme
By polarization encoder in conjunction with phase code after, decoding end structure is extremely complex, and cost is very high, is not suitable for very much raw in reality
It is applied and popularization in work, it is difficult to guarantee the practicality.
Summary of the invention
It is above-mentioned for lower at code rate present in the scheme in the prior art for coding, system is extremely complex etc. to ask
Topic, the invention proposes a kind of time phase-polarization coding and decoding devices.
In one aspect of the invention, a kind of time phase-polarization decoding apparatus is disclosed, wherein will organically solve the time
Code, phase decoding and polarization decoding combine, so that the structure of decoding end simplifies much than the prior art, and increase the time
Decoded function, it is possible to reduce inherent loss existing for decoding end accomplishes time basic vector losslessly encoding, substantially increases sexual valence
Than.
In another aspect of the invention, a kind of time phase-polarization encoder device is disclosed, in existing time bit-
Polarization basic vector is increased on the basis of phase encoding scheme, makes it possible to realize that time phase compiles on the same light pulse signal
Code and polarization encoder, thus largely improve code device at code rate.
Time phase-polarization decoding apparatus according to the present invention may include the first basic vector selecting unit, the first decoding
Unit and the second decoding unit；First decoding unit is configured for time phase decoding or phase decoding；Described second
Decoding unit is configured for polarization time decoder or time decoder；And the first basic vector selecting unit is configured to root
Decoding relevant to first decoding unit is carried out according to predetermined probabilities selection or progress is related with second decoding unit
Decoding.By basic vector selecting unit, the shared mode of element is made it possible to, is provided simultaneously with relatively simple structure
Time, phase and the selection for polarizing decoding function, so as to meet different communication line states.
According to the present invention, first decoding unit may include unequal arm Michelson's interferometer, two photodetections
Device and lsb decoder；The interferometer includes beam splitter and two reflector elements, described two reflector elements respectively with the beam splitting
Device is connected to constitute the long-armed and galianconism of the interferometer, the arm length difference of the interferometer and 2 time modes of phase basic vector
Time interval between light pulse is consistent；Described two photodetectors are separately connected two output ports of the interferometer；
And the lsb decoder connects described two photodetectors, when carrying out described according to the output of described two photodetectors
Between phase or phase decoding.
Further, decoding apparatus can also include optical transmission components, the optical transmission components have first port,
Second port and third port, wherein can be exported from the optical signal that the first port inputs from the second port, from institute
The optical signal for stating second port input can be exported from the third port；Also, the unequal arm Michelson's interferometer
One in the output port is connected via the optical transmission components with one in the photodetector.
Further, the lsb decoder in first decoding unit can be configured to, and be detected within a system period
Output of described two photodetectors on the first, second, and third time window, wherein when described first, second, and third
Between window in time successively rearward.
Lsb decoder in first decoding unit can be further arranged for, according on second time window
The photodetector of interference light signal is detected to carry out phase basic vector decoding.The lsb decoder is also configured to, according to
Described two photodetectors are that non-interfering optical signal is detected on first or third time window to carry out time basic vector solution
Code.
Further, the lsb decoder in first decoding unit can be configured to, and be detected within a system period
Output of described two photodetectors on the first and second time windows, wherein first and second time window when
Between on successively rearward.
Lsb decoder in first decoding unit can be further arranged for according on second time window
The photodetector of interference light signal is detected to carry out phase basic vector decoding.
Preferably, the reflector element can be faraday rotation mirror.
Preferably, phase shifter can be set in the unequal arm Michelson's interferometer.
According to the present invention, second decoding unit may include the second basic vector selecting unit, the first polarization state decoding mould
Block and the second polarization state decoder module；The second basic vector selecting unit is configured to be selected to carry out first according to predetermined probabilities
Polarization state decoding or the decoding of the second polarization state.Wherein, first polarization state decoding can for the decoding of H/V state, the decoding of R/L state and
One in +/- state decoding, and second polarization state decoding can be in the decoding of H/V state, the decoding of R/L state and the decoding of +/- state
Different another.Further, the first polarization state decoder module may include polarization beam apparatus and the polarization beam splitting
Two photodetectors of device connection and the lsb decoder being connect with the photodetector.Second polarization state decodes mould
Block may include polarization beam apparatus, two photodetectors being connect with the polarization beam apparatus and with the photodetection
The lsb decoder of device connection.Also, one in the first polarization state decoder module and the second polarization state decoder module or
Polarization Controller is also provided in the two.
Further, the lsb decoder in second decoding unit may be arranged such that detects within a system period
Output of the photodetector on the first and second time windows, wherein first and second time window is in time
Successively rearward；And time basic vector decoding is carried out according to the position for the time window for detecting optical signal.
Further, the lsb decoder in second decoding unit may be arranged such that detects within a system period
The output of the photodetector, and polarization basic vector decoding is carried out according to the photodetector for detecting optical signal.
Time phase-polarization encoder device according to the present invention may include light source, time phase coding unit and partially
Shake coding unit；
The time phase coding unit includes unequal arm MZ interferometer, the brachium of the unequal arm MZ interferometer interferometer
Difference is configured to consistent with time interval corresponding to twice of the frequency of light source generation pulse；And
The polarization encoder unit includes polarization beam apparatus and phase-modulator, and polarization maintaining optical fibre connects the polarization beam apparatus
Transmission port and reflector port, to form annular optical path；The phase-modulator is arranged on the ring light road, and
Optical path and the phase-modulator between the phase-modulator and the transmission port of the polarization beam apparatus with it is described
The arm length difference one of the optical path difference and the unequal arm MZ interferometer between optical path between the reflector port of polarization beam apparatus
It causes.
Further, code device of the invention can also include optical transmission components, and the optical transmission components have
First port, second port and third port, wherein can be from the second port from the optical signal that the first port inputs
Output, the optical signal inputted from the second port can be exported from the third port；Also, it is encoded by the time phase
The optical signal of unit output reaches the polarization encoder unit via the first port and the second port, by the polarization
The optical signal of coding unit output exports outward via the second port and the third port.
It may include such as above-mentioned time phase-polarization decoding apparatus the invention also discloses a kind of quantum communication system.
The invention also discloses a kind of quantum communication systems, may include above-mentioned time phase-polarization encoder device.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, required use in being described below to embodiment
Attached drawing be briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, for this
For the those of ordinary skill in field, without creative efforts, it can also be obtained according to these attached drawings other
Attached drawing.
Fig. 1 schematically shows a kind of encoding scheme of the prior art；
Fig. 2 schematically shows another encoding schemes of the prior art；
Fig. 3 schematically shows another encoding scheme of the prior art；
Fig. 4 schematically shows the structure principle charts of time phase-polarization encoder device according to the present invention；
Fig. 5 describes the coding principle of code device shown in Fig. 4；
Fig. 6 schematically shows the structure principle chart of time phase-polarization decoding apparatus according to the present invention；
Fig. 7 illustrates a kind of decoding principle of the first decoding unit according to the present invention；
Fig. 8 illustrates another decoding principle of the first decoding unit according to the present invention；
Fig. 9 illustrates the decoding principle of the second decoding unit according to the present invention；
Figure 10 is schematically demonstrated by the second decoding unit according to the present invention to the monochromatic light arteries and veins for carrying time bit value 0
The decoding principle of punching；And
Figure 11 is schematically demonstrated by the second decoding unit according to the present invention to the monochromatic light arteries and veins for carrying time bit value 1
The decoding principle of punching.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the attached drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Ground description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on this
The embodiment of invention, every other implementation obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts
Example, belongs to protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with attached drawing.
Hereinafter, exemplary embodiment of the present invention is with reference to the accompanying drawings to detailed description.The following examples are to illustrate
Mode provide, sufficiently to convey spirit of the invention to those skilled in the art in the invention.Therefore, the present invention is unlimited
In embodiment disclosed herein.
For being lured using polarization encoder scheme, phase encoding scheme, time bit-phase encoding scheme for the prior art
The problems such as deceiving, system complex lower at code rate present in state system, the invention proposes a kind of time phase-polarization encoder sides
Case, wherein increasing the few situation of equipment creatively by time bit-phase code principle in conjunction with polarization encoder principle
Under, code rate can be effectively improved into, and sexual valence is relatively high, be highly suitable for promoting and use.
Fig. 4 schematically shows an exemplary embodiment of time phase-polarization encoder device according to the present invention,
Fig. 5 describes the coding principle of code device shown in Fig. 4.
As shown in figure 4, code device may include light source 11, time phase coding unit 12 and polarization encoder unit 13.
In this exemplary embodiment, light source 11 is shown using traditional single laser, but those skilled in the art
It will be appreciated that any light source that can satisfy code requirement can be used, such as can be swashed using injection-locking pulsed
The structure of other lasers such as light device.
Time phase coding unit 12 may include unequal arm MZ interferometer 121, first phase modulator 122, intensity tune
Device 123 processed.Wherein, the arm length difference of unequal arm interferometer 121 can be configured to generate the two of the frequency of pulse with laser 11
Time interval corresponding to times is consistent, so that it includes adjacent front and back two that an incident light pulse is formed after the interferometer 121
The light pulse pair of a light pulse.
First phase modulator 122 carries out phase-modulation to two light pulses of light pulse centering respectively, at former and later two
A phase difference is formed between light pulse, to realize phase code.
Intensity modulator 123 is reached by carrying out delustring to any one in former and later two adjacent pulses of light pulse centering
To the purpose for selecting former and later two time windows, to realize time encoding.
Preferably, in phase code, intensity modulator 123 also adjusts the intensity of former and later two adjacent light pulses
System, makes its strength retrogression 1/2, so that the pulse strength under time basic vector is consistent with the pulse strength under phase basic vector, from
And realize the normalized of light intensity.
Obviously, the light pulse being made of former and later two adjacent light pulses is to after phase code, if by intensity tune
Device 123 processed carries out the selection of time window, then a meeting in two pulses is by delustring, therefore can not carry the letter of phase code
Breath；Conversely, the light pulse is to after intensity modulator, it is (i.e. not right in the case where not delustring random by intensity modulator
It carries out time encoding), then the light pulse is to the information that can above carry phase code, but fails to carry time encoding at this time
Information.
Polarization encoder unit 13 can use sagnac ring structure, such as may include the first polarization beam apparatus (PBS) 132
With second phase modulator 133, wherein polarization maintaining optical fibre connects the transmission port and reflector port of the first polarization beam apparatus 132, from
And form an annular optical path.Second phase modulator 133 is arranged on the ring light road, and saturating with the first polarization beam apparatus
It is long-armed to penetrate one of port and reflector port (being transmission port in Fig. 4) composition, with another port (being reflector port in Fig. 4) structure
At galianconism, wherein the arm length difference of two-arm be can be set to identical as the arm length difference in unequal arm interferometer 121, i.e., generates with light source
Time interval corresponding to twice of the frequency of pulse is consistent.
When light pulse is exported from time phase coding unit 12, first via the first port of first annular device 131
Reach the first polarization beam apparatus 132 with second port, and be divided into two-way light pulse under its effect, respectively by its transmission port and
Reflector port output enters annular optical path, and propagates in annular optical path simultaneously in opposite directions.By phase-modulator 133,
A phase difference can be formed between this two-way light pulse in annular optical path.Since the propagation optical path of experience is identical,
This two-way light pulse will return to the first polarization beam apparatus 132 simultaneously after Huan Yiquan, and be combined into a branch of.Due in second phase
Modulation is formed with a relative phase difference between this two-way light pulse under the action of modulator 133, therefore by this two-way light arteries and veins
Being punched in the light pulse that beam output is closed at the first polarization beam apparatus 132 will in polarization direction compared with the light pulse of incident sagnac ring
It can be varied, and the variation of this polarization direction modulates the phase being applied in two-way light pulse with second phase modulator 133
It is related to phase difference.Therefore, the polarization encoder to incident light pulse can be realized by second phase modulator 133.
The light pulse of beam output is closed finally via the second port of first annular device 131 by the first polarization beam apparatus 132
It is exported outward with third port, to provide the light pulse signal through time, phase and polarization encoder.
Ideally, the single light pulse after time encoding can increase by 1 bit under the effect of polarization encoder unit
Polarization bit information；Pulse pair after phase code can increase the polarization of 1 bit under the effect of polarization encoder unit
Bit information.
Fig. 6 schematically shows the exemplary embodiment of decoding apparatus structure of the invention.As shown, decoding apparatus
It may include the first basic vector selecting unit 21, the first decoding unit 22 and the second decoding unit 23.Wherein, the first decoding unit 22
It can be used for carrying out time phase or phase decoding；Second decoding unit 23 can be used for carrying out polarizing time or time decoder.
Since the second decoding unit 23 can also carry out the decoding of time basic vector, it is possible thereby to realize the losslessly encoding under time basic vector.
Within a system period, when the light pulse for carrying encoded information enters decoding apparatus, first via first
Basic vector selecting unit 21 enters the first decoding unit 22 or the second decoding unit 23 according to predetermined probabilities.In this embodiment, base
Swear that selecting unit 21 can be by beam splitter (BS) Lai Shixian.
As shown in fig. 6, the first decoding unit 22 may include the second circulator 221, unequal arm Michelson's interferometer
222, the first photodetector D1-1, the second photodetector D1-2 and the lsb decoder for being separately connected corresponding photodetector
(not shown).
Wherein, unequal arm Michelson's interferometer 222 may include beam splitter 2221, the first reflector element 2222 and second
Reflector element 2223, wherein the first reflector element and the second reflector element are separately connected reflection end and the transmission of beam splitter 2221
End, to form the galianconism of interferometer and long-armed.According to the present invention, the long-armed arm length difference between galianconism of interferometer 222 can
It is consistent with the time interval being configured between two nearby optical pulses under phase basic vector.
Fig. 7 illustrates a kind of decoding principle of the first decoding unit of the invention, be used for illustrate to photodetector
The setting of connected lsb decoder.
Within a system period, enter the via the first basic vector selecting unit 21 when carrying the light pulse of encoded information
When one decoding unit 22, the light pulse under phase basic vector is to the first port and second port entrance via the second circulator 221
Interferometer 222.Since the long-armed arm length difference between galianconism of interferometer 222 is configured to and two light arteries and veins under phase basic vector
Time interval between punching is consistent, therefore continuous two of the front and back for returning on long-armed and galianconism through reflector element reflection
Light pulse, the previous light pulse on galianconism will return to the second beam splitter 2221 in first time, and the latter light pulse is second
Time return beam splitter 2221, it is long-armed on previous light pulse the second time return beam splitter 2221, the latter light pulse
Beam splitter 2221 is returned in the third time, wherein first time < the second time < third time.It can be seen that a system week
In phase, there are two light pulses to return to beam splitter 2221 for meeting on the second time, and the two light pulses correspond to phase basic vector
Former and later two continuous time mode light pulses, they have coherence and between the two exist phase relevant to encoded information
Poor relationship.Specifically, when the phase difference between former and later two continuous light pulses of phase basic vector is 0 (such as represent coding
0) effect, will be interfered at the second beam splitter 2221 on the second time, and result of interference will be via the second circulator
2221 second port and third port is transferred into the second photodetector D1-2.Second photodetector D1-2 correspondingly will
A stronger interference light signal, photodetector D1-1 are received on the second time window t01 for corresponding to for the second time
Optical signal is not received on time window t01.
When phase difference is π (such as representing coding 1), it will be sent out at the second beam splitter 2221 equally on the second time
Raw interference effect, but the result of interference will be exported by another port of beam splitter 2221, and be transferred into the first photoelectricity
Detector D1-1.Photodetector D1-1 receives a stronger optical signal, photodetector on the second time window t01
D1-2 does not receive optical signal on the second time window t01.In addition, in the first time window t00 for corresponding to first time
On, photodetector D1-1 and D1-2 are likely to be received the light that previous light pulse exports after 2221 beam splitting of beam splitter on galianconism
Signal；On the third time window t02 for corresponding to the third time, photodetector D1-1 and D1-2 are likely to be received on long-armed
The optical signal that the latter light pulse exports after 2221 beam splitting of beam splitter.
It can be seen that in the first decoding unit 22, when carrying out the decoding of phase basic vector, within a system period, light
One in electric explorer D1-1 and D1-2 will be likely to be received optical signal on tri- time windows of t00, t01 and t02, wherein
Optical signal on t01 time window is interference signal, and the optical signal on t01 and t02 time window is non-interfering signal.Photoelectricity is visited
Detection result of the device on t01 time window is surveyed, corresponding to the encoded radio under phase basic vector.For example, working as photodetector D1-1
When detecting interference signal on t01 time window, the coding 0 of phase basic vector can be indicated；Vice versa.
It is same when a light pulse under time basic vector enters the first decoding unit 22 within a system period
The long-armed and galianconism of interferometer 222 will be entered via the second circulator 221 and beam splitter 2221.Due to the arm of unequal arm interferometer
Long difference setting, if the time location of the light pulse of the time basic vector preceding (such as representing time encoding 0), galianconism and long-armed
On light pulse will respectively at the first time and the second time return to beam splitter 2221, correspondingly, detector D1-1 or D1-2
To respectively there be half probability to detect optical signal on first time window t00 and the second time window t01.First time window
T00 is non-interfering window, is time basic vector detection window.If the time location of the light pulse of the time basic vector it is rear (such as
Represent time encoding 1), then galianconism and it is long-armed on light pulse will return to beam splitter in the second time and third time respectively
2221, correspondingly, detector D1-1 or D1-2 will respectively have half probability in the second time window t01 and third time window t02
On detect optical signal, it is also time basic vector detection window that third time window t02, which is non-interfering window,.
It can be seen that in the first decoding unit 22, when carrying out the decoding of time basic vector, within a system period, two
One of a photodetector has the time window for detecting optical signal at non-interfering time window (i.e. time basic vector detection window)
Position t00 or t02 correspond respectively to the different coding value under time basic vector.For example, photodetector D1-1 or D1-2 are first
Time window t00 detects signal, then it represents that the coding 0 of time basic vector；Photodetector D1-1 or D1-2 third time window
Signal is detected on mouth t02, then it represents that the coding 1 of time basic vector.
Based on decoding process shown in Fig. 7, the lsb decoder of the first decoding unit 22 can be configured to, a system week
Detection of two photodetector D1-1 and D1-2 on first, second, and third time window t00, t01 and t02 is received in phase
As a result, in which: for phase basic vector, solved according to the photodetector of interference light signal is detected on the second time window
Code；It for time basic vector, is decoded according to the position for the time window for occurring non-interfering signal on photodetector, wherein first
Time window position and third time window position can be used to indicate that different time encodings.
Fig. 8 shows another decoding principle of the first decoding unit 22.As shown in figure 8, decoding unit 22 can be set
At being only decoded under phase basic vector, two photodetectors D1-1 and D1-2 are received within a system period second
Detection result on time window t01, wherein detecting interference light signal according on the second time window for phase basic vector
Photodetector decode；And for time basic vector, then without decoding operate.Under this decoding principle, lsb decoder is
Realize that time window required for decoding is smaller (two time windows), since the time window quantity that decoding needs is reduced,
Therefore the decoding periods needed shorten, and the time efficiency of detection can be higher.However, compared to former coding/decoding method, Fig. 8 institute
The coding/decoding method shown will utilize relatively short detection cycle, reach higher detection time efficiency, but will lead to time ratio
Special inherent loss.
Preferably, in the first decoding unit 22, reflector element can be realized by faraday rotation mirror, to eliminate
Using when single mode optical fiber because of the random variation of polarization state caused by birefringence effect, to guarantee dry in the decoding of phase basic vector
Relate to contrast.
Preferably, in the first decoding unit 22, phase shifter can also be set in interferometer 222, to possible phase
Position drift provides compensation.
Referring again to FIGS. 6, the second decoding unit 23 may include the second basic vector selecting unit 231, H/V state decoder module,
And +/- state decoder module.Wherein, the second basic vector selecting unit 231 can be configured to make incident light pulse according to default
Probability reaches H/V state decoder module or +/- state decoder module.As an example, the second basic vector selecting unit 231 can be borrowed
Beam splitter is helped to realize.
As shown, H/V state decoder module may include the first polarization beam apparatus 232, third photodetector D2-1,
Four photodetector D2-2 and the lsb decoder (not shown) being connect with corresponding detector.
+/- state decoder module may include the second polarization beam apparatus 233, the 5th photodetector D2-3, the spy of the 6th photoelectricity
The lsb decoder (not shown) surveying device D2-4 and being connect with corresponding detector.
According to the present invention, it is selected between the second basic vector selecting unit 231 and +/- state decoder module or in the second basic vector
Polarization Controller can be set between unit 231 and H/V state decoder module, for making the light pulse into +/- state decoder module
Generate the differential seat angle of π/4 in polarization direction with the light pulse for entering H/V state decoder module.Preferably, it is selected in the second basic vector
It can be set between unit 231 and +/- state decoder module and between the second basic vector selecting unit 231 and H/V state decoder module
It is equipped with Polarization Controller, to there are π/4 in polarization direction between the light pulse for guaranteeing to enter two different decoder modules
While differential seat angle, additionally it is possible to pulse in transmission process it is possible that polarization variations compensate.
Fig. 9 illustrates the decoding principle of the second decoding unit of the invention, is used to illustrate the setting to lsb decoder.
As shown in fig. 6, working as the light pulse for carrying encoded information via the first basic vector selecting unit 21 according to predetermined probabilities
When into the second decoding unit 23, via the second basic vector selecting unit 231 according to predetermined probabilities enter H/V state decoder module or
+/- state decoder module.In H/V state decoder module, photodetector D2-1, D2-2 for being connected with the second polarization beam apparatus 232
It is responsible for carrying out the decoding of H/V state.In +/- state decoder module, the photodetector D2- that is connected with third polarization beam apparatus 233
3, D2-4 is responsible for carrying out +/- state decoding.
On the other hand, it since time basic vector and polarization and phase information are unrelated, can directly be arrived by light pulse
Time window up to photodetector D2-1 to D2-4 is decoded.
As previously mentioned, time and phase are different basic vector, light pulse pair of the light pulse by formation after phase-modulation
If being carried out the selection of time window by intensity modulator, a meeting in two pulses can not carry phase volume by delustring
The information of code；Conversely, light pulse into cross intensity modulator after, in the case where not delustring random by intensity modulator,
That is time bit is not encoded, then light pulse does not carry the information of time encoding to the information that can carry phase code.
Therefore, the light pulse for being incident on the second decoding unit, which can be, does not carry phase code letter by the random delustring of intensity modulator
The light pulse pair of breath is also possible to be carried the monochromatic light pulse of time encoding information after the random delustring of intensity modulator.
As shown in figure 9, not carrying phase code information by the random delustring of intensity modulator within a system period
The light pulse of (phase difference 0 or π) carries out polarization side via Polarization Controller and polarization beam apparatus to the second decoding unit of entrance
To compensation and selection:
H/V state measure base under, polarize H state light pulse to may make third photodetector D2-1 generate response, light
Electric explorer D2-1 may have output in former and later two time windows；The light pulse of V state is polarized to photodetector may be made
D2-2 generates response, and photodetector D2-2 may have output in former and later two time windows.
+/- state measure base under, the light pulse of polarization+state to may make photodetector D2-3 respond, photodetector
D2-3 may have output in former and later two time windows；The light pulse of polarization-state to may make photodetector D2-4 respond,
Photodetector D2-4 may have output in former and later two time windows.
Correspondingly, in the second decoding unit, lsb decoder can for example be configured to photodetector D2-1 and D2-3 and exist
The bit value 0 of the corresponding polarization encoder of output under corresponding measurement base, photodetector D2-2 and D2-4 is under accordingly measurement base
Export the bit value 1 of corresponding polarization encoder.
It is former to the decoding for the monochromatic light pulse for carrying time bit value 0 that Figure 10 is schematically demonstrated by the second decoding unit
Reason.Within a system period, enter second by the monochromatic light pulse for carrying time encoding bit value 0 of intensity modulator delustring
Decoding unit carries out the compensation and selection of polarization direction via Polarization Controller and polarization beam apparatus:
In the case where H/V state measures base, the monochromatic light pulse of polarization H state may be such that photodetector D2-1 responds, photodetector
D2-1 may have output in previous time window；The monochromatic light pulse of polarization V state may be such that photodetector D2-2 responds, photoelectricity
Detector D2-2 may have output in previous time window；
In the case where +/- state measures base, the pulse of polarization+state monochromatic light may be such that photodetector D2-3 responds, photodetector
D2-3 may have output in previous time window；The pulse of polarization-state monochromatic light may be such that photodetector D2-4 responds, photoelectricity
Detector D2-4 may have output in previous time window.
It is former to the decoding for the monochromatic light pulse for carrying time bit value 1 that Figure 11 is schematically demonstrated by the second decoding unit
Reason.Within a system period, enter second by the monochromatic light pulse for carrying time encoding bit value 1 of intensity modulator delustring
Decoding unit carries out the compensation and selection of polarization direction via Polarization Controller and polarization beam apparatus:
In the case where H/V state measures base, the monochromatic light pulse of polarization H state may be such that photodetector D2-1 responds, photodetector
D2-1 may have output in the latter time window；The monochromatic light pulse of polarization V state may be such that photodetector D2-2 responds, photoelectricity
Detector D2-2 may have output in the latter time window；
In the case where +/- state measures base, the pulse of polarization+state monochromatic light may be such that photodetector D2-3 responds, photodetector
D2-3 may have output in the latter time window；The pulse of polarization-state monochromatic light may be such that photodetector D2-4 responds, photoelectricity
Detector D2-4 may have output in the latter time window.
Correspondingly, in the second decoding unit, lsb decoder can be set to photodetector D2-1 and D2-3 corresponding
Measure the bit value 0 of the corresponding polarization encoder of output under base, output of the photodetector D2-2 and D2-4 under accordingly measurement base
The bit value 1 of corresponding polarization encoder；The output of photodetector D2-1, D2-2, D2-3 and/or D2-4 in previous time window
The bit value 0 of corresponding time encoding, in the bit value 1 of the corresponding time encoding of the output of the latter time window.
Based on the explanation above for decoding apparatus each unit working principle, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that although
In the above exemplary embodiments, the light pulse for carrying encoded information is to carry out non-equilibrium place by the first basic vector selecting unit
Just enter the first decoding unit or the second decoding unit after reason, but it is unique set-up mode that this, which is not, such as may be used also
The first basic vector selecting unit to be arranged on the output light path of unequal arm Michelson's interferometer, for select carry out the time,
Phase or polarization decoding, and the decoding principle under each basic vector with it is noted earlier similar, therefore details are not described herein again.
In addition, those skilled in the art are also understood that, for the circulator in encoding apparatus and decoding apparatus, it is
One example and not restrictive, may alternatively be it is any may include three ports optical transmission components, as long as should
Optical transmission components can be realized can export from the optical signal that first port inputs from second port, input from second port
Optical signal can be exported from third port.H/V state decoder module in second decoding unit also can according to need (such as with volume
Code end is adapted) replace with R/L state or +/- state decoder module；+/- state decoder module also can according to need (such as with coding
End is adapted) H/V state or R/L state decoder module are replaced with, as long as the two decoder modules in the second decoding unit are according to solution
Code requirement to be applied to different polarization states are decoded.
In code device of the invention, sagnac ring structure and High speed phase modulators are used as polarization encoder list
Member has well solved a variety of different basic vectors in same system week in conjunction with traditional phase code structure and intensity modulator
The extremely complex problem of system structure brought by phase interior coding, meanwhile, it is also very suitable for high speed quantum communication system.It is decoding
End organically combines time decoder, phase decoding and polarization decoding, so that the structure of decoding end simplifies very than the prior art
It is more, and the function of time decoder is increased, substantially increase cost performance.On the other hand, since non-equilibrium basic vector can be used,
And previously described decoding set-up mode not of the same race, it is possible to reduce inherent loss existing for decoding end can accomplish time base
Swear losslessly encoding, or the time window of system can be reduced, improve the transmission rate of system, thus improve into code rate, at
Code distance and communication efficiency, so that the device is very suitable to be widely applied and promote.
On the other hand, if the setting side of the relatively long detection cycle (three time windows) of the present embodiment decoding end
Formula, by non-interfering signal section be applied to decoding in, realize lossless decoding, thus improve system at code rate, at code distance
From.
If this implementation decoding end set-up mode of relatively short detection cycle, higher detection time effect can achieve
Rate, and inherent loss is not present in time basic vector decoded portion, losslessly encoding can be provided, but the decoding of phase basic vector exists admittedly
There is 3dB loss, it, can be by by the time basic vector and phase base of basic vector alternative pack in this regard, in order to reduce decoding inherent loss
The likelihood ratio of arrow improves, to reduce phase basic vector decoded portion bring loss in efficiency, improves the whole efficiency of decoding apparatus.
Those skilled in the art, but can be not it will be appreciated that the invention is not limited to above-mentioned specific embodiments
Various modifications and variation are carried out in the case where being detached from present inventive concept.
Claims (18)
1. a kind of time phase-polarization decoding apparatus comprising the first basic vector selecting unit, the first decoding unit and the second decoding
Unit；First decoding unit is configured for time phase or phase decoding；Second decoding unit is configured to use
In polarization time decoder or time decoder；And the first basic vector selecting unit is configured to select to carry out according to predetermined probabilities
Decoding relevant to first decoding unit or progress decoding relevant with second decoding unit.
2. decoding apparatus as described in claim 1, wherein first decoding unit includes unequal arm Michelson interference
Instrument, two photodetectors and lsb decoder；The unequal arm Michelson's interferometer includes beam splitter and two reflector elements, institute
Two reflector elements are stated to be connect with the beam splitter respectively to constitute the long-armed and galianconism of the unequal arm Michelson's interferometer,
Time interval one between the arm length difference of the unequal arm Michelson's interferometer and 2 time mode light pulses of phase basic vector
It causes；Described two photodetectors are separately connected two output ports of the unequal arm Michelson's interferometer；And it is described
Lsb decoder connects described two photodetectors, with according to the output of described two photodetectors carry out the time phase or
Phase decoding.
3. decoding apparatus as claimed in claim 2 further includes optical transmission components, the optical transmission components have first
Port, second port and third port, wherein can be exported from the optical signal that the first port inputs from the second port,
The optical signal inputted from the second port can be exported from the third port；Also, the output end of the interferometer
One in mouthful is connected via the optical transmission components with one in the photodetector.
4. decoding apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein the lsb decoder is configured to, and is detected within a system period
Output of described two photodetectors on the first, second, and third time window, wherein when described first, second, and third
Between window in time successively rearward.
5. decoding apparatus as claimed in claim 4, wherein the lsb decoder is configured to, according in second time window
On detect the photodetector of interference light signal to carry out phase basic vector decoding.
6. decoding apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein the lsb decoder is configured to, according to described two photodetectors
It is that non-interfering optical signal is detected on first time window or third time window to carry out time basic vector decoding.
7. decoding apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein the lsb decoder is configured to, and is detected within a system period
Output of described two photodetectors on the first and second time windows, wherein first and second time window when
Between on successively rearward.
8. decoding apparatus as claimed in claim 7, wherein the lsb decoder is configured to according in second time window
On detect the photodetector of interference light signal to carry out phase basic vector decoding.
9. decoding apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein the reflector element is faraday rotation mirror.
10. decoding apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein be provided with phase shifter in the unequal arm Michelson's interferometer.
11. decoding apparatus as described in claim 1, wherein second decoding unit includes the second basic vector selecting unit, the
One polarization state decoder module and the second polarization state decoder module；The second basic vector selecting unit is configured to according to predetermined probabilities
Selection carries out the first polarization state decoding or the decoding of the second polarization state, and first polarization state is decoded as the decoding of H/V state, R/L state solution
One in code and the decoding of +/- state, second polarization state is decoded as in the decoding of H/V state, the decoding of R/L state and the decoding of +/- state
Another.
12. decoding apparatus as claimed in claim 11, wherein the first polarization state decoder module include polarization beam apparatus,
Two photodetectors being connect with the polarization beam apparatus and the lsb decoder being connect with the photodetector；Described
Two polarization state decoder modules include polarization beam apparatus, two photodetectors being connect with the polarization beam apparatus and with institute
State the lsb decoder of photodetector connection；Also, the first polarization state decoder module and the second polarization state decoder module
In one or both in be additionally provided with Polarization Controller.
13. decoding apparatus as claimed in claim 12, wherein the lsb decoder is configured to: being examined within a system period
Output of the photodetector on the first and second time windows is surveyed, wherein first and second time window is in the time
On successively rearward；And time basic vector decoding is carried out according to the position for the time window for detecting optical signal.
14. decoding apparatus as claimed in claim 12, wherein the lsb decoder is configured to, and is examined within a system period
The output of the photodetector is surveyed, and carries out polarization basic vector solution according to the photodetector for detecting optical signal
Code.
15. a kind of time phase-polarization encoder device comprising light source, time phase coding unit and polarization encoder unit；
The time phase coding unit includes unequal arm MZ interferometer, the arm length difference quilt of the unequal arm MZ interferometer interferometer
It is arranged to consistent with time interval corresponding to twice of the frequency of light source generation pulse；And
The polarization encoder unit includes polarization beam apparatus and phase-modulator, and polarization maintaining optical fibre connects the saturating of the polarization beam apparatus
Port and reflector port are penetrated, to form annular optical path；The phase-modulator is arranged on the ring light road, and described
Optical path and the phase-modulator and the polarization between phase-modulator and the transmission port of the polarization beam apparatus
The optical path difference between optical path between the reflector port of beam splitter is consistent with the arm length difference of the unequal arm MZ interferometer.
16. code device as claimed in claim 15 further includes optical transmission components, the optical transmission components have the
Single port, second port and third port, wherein can be defeated from the second port from the optical signal that the first port inputs
Out, it can be exported from the optical signal that the second port inputs from the third port；Also, it is encoded by the time phase single
The optical signal of member output reaches the polarization encoder unit via the first port and the second port, is compiled by the polarization
The optical signal of code unit output exports outward via the second port and the third port.
17. a kind of quantum communication system comprising the time phase-polarization as described in any one of claim 1-14 decodes dress
It sets.
18. a kind of quantum communication system comprising the time phase-polarization encoder device as described in claim 15 or 16.
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