CN110324145A - It is a kind of to polarize unrelated phase code quantum key distribution system and method - Google Patents
It is a kind of to polarize unrelated phase code quantum key distribution system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110324145A CN110324145A CN201910729463.4A CN201910729463A CN110324145A CN 110324145 A CN110324145 A CN 110324145A CN 201910729463 A CN201910729463 A CN 201910729463A CN 110324145 A CN110324145 A CN 110324145A
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- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/50—Transmitters
- H04B10/501—Structural aspects
- H04B10/503—Laser transmitters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/50—Transmitters
- H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
- H04B10/5161—Combination of different modulation schemes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/50—Transmitters
- H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
- H04B10/532—Polarisation modulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/50—Transmitters
- H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
- H04B10/54—Intensity modulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/50—Transmitters
- H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
- H04B10/548—Phase or frequency modulation
- H04B10/556—Digital modulation, e.g. differential phase shift keying [DPSK] or frequency shift keying [FSK]
- H04B10/5561—Digital phase modulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/60—Receivers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/70—Photonic quantum communication
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0819—Key transport or distribution, i.e. key establishment techniques where one party creates or otherwise obtains a secret value, and securely transfers it to the other(s)
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
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Abstract
It is a kind of to polarize unrelated phase code quantum key distribution system and method, transmitting terminal includes sequentially connected pulse laser, intensity modulator, fibre optic isolater, phase code unit and electric adjustable attenuator, the receiving end includes optical fiber circulator, phase decoding unit, the first single-photon detector and the second single-photon detector, and phase codec unit is made of unequal arm MZ (Mach-Zehnder) interferometer and a Sagnac ring.Compared with prior art, the present invention can compensate the polarization variations of the long galianconism of MZ interferometer automatically, guarantee that the two-way pulse polarization for walking long galianconism is consistent, to realize anti-channel polarization scrambling;It is lower to the voltage magnitude requirement of phase-modulator;Due to the introducing of Sagnac ring, two polarized components of one light pulse pass through phase-modulator from opposite direction respectively, it is equivalent to entire light pulse and only passes through a phase modulation, therefore Insertion Loss is small, and system operating rate is without architectural limitation, it can reach GHz or more, key productivity be greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to quantum polarization encoder technical fields, in particular to a kind of to polarize unrelated phase code quantum key
Dissemination system and method.
Background technique
Fiber optic quantum key distribution system generally uses single mode optical fiber as transmission channel, but since fiber channel exists admittedly
There is birefringence effect, so that photon polarization state in transmission process can change, and can change with the variation of external environment
Become, so that photon polarization state when entering receiving end is unpredictable.Therefore, traditional based on double unequal arm Mach-increasing morals
Your the quantum key distribution system stability of interference ring scheme is poor, is easy by environmental disturbances.
In order to improve the stability and practicability of quantum key distribution system, researcher proposes two class solutions.Its
Middle one kind is active polarization compensation, increases polarization compensation module in receiving end, carries out polarization tracking and compensation by feedback control,
This kind of scheme will increase system complexity, time-consuming cost source, and the bit error rate is higher;In addition one kind is passively compensated polarization state,
Such as Plug-and-play (plug and play) reciprocation type quantum key distribution system, incident light polarization state is revolved using faraday mirror
The characteristic turning 90 degrees, to offset effect of the fiber channel to photon polarization state, to guarantee the stability of system.But due to
Its reciprocation type structure so that this scheme there are security risk, is easy by Trojan attack, and the working frequency of system by
Limitation, the Raman scattering effect of optical fiber also will increase system noise.It is to increase by one in transmitting terminal to disappear there are also a solution
Inclined device carries out polarization state randomization before photon enters fiber channel, can eliminate fiber birefringence effect and ring in this way
Border disturbs the influence to polarization state, increases a polarization beam apparatus in receiving end and is polarized, can obtain stable interference knot
Fruit.But this scheme will increase one times of loss, and the efficiency of system is made to reduce half.
Summary of the invention
For the prior art there are disadvantages described above, the present invention provides a kind of simple polarization encoder quantum key distribution system
And method is as follows:
The technical scheme of the present invention is realized as follows:
It is a kind of to polarize unrelated phase code quantum key distribution system, including transmitting terminal and receiving end, the transmitting terminal
Including sequentially connected pulse laser, intensity modulator, fibre optic isolater, phase code unit and electric adjustable attenuator,
The receiving end includes optical fiber circulator, phase decoding unit, the first single-photon detector and the second single-photon detector, institute
The electric adjustable attenuator that optical fiber circulator Single port connects transmitting terminal by optical fiber is stated, Two-port netwerk is connected by phase decoding unit
First single-photon detector, three ports connect the second single-photon detector,
The phase code unit includes 2X2 single mode optical fiber beam splitter, 2X2 polarization beam apparatus, phase-modulator and method
Rotator is drawn, three ports, four ports of the 2X2 single mode optical fiber beam splitter pass through long galianconism optical fiber connection 2X2 polarization respectively
Single port, the Two-port netwerk of beam splitter, three ports, four ports of the 2X2 polarization beam apparatus pass through polarization maintaining optical fibre connection method respectively
Rotator and phase-modulator are drawn, and is connected between phase-modulator and Faraday rotator by polarization maintaining optical fibre, it is described
Single mode optical fiber beam splitter Single port connection fibre optic isolater, the Two-port netwerk of phase code unit connect electric adjustable attenuator,
The structure of the phase decoding unit is consistent with phase code unit, the 2X2 single mode optical fiber point of phase decoding unit
Beam device Single port connects the Two-port netwerk of optical fiber circulator, and Two-port netwerk connects the first single-photon detector.
Preferably, the transmitting terminal is with optical fiber used in receiving end in addition to being made in phase decoding unit and phase decoding unit
Polarization maintaining optical fibre, remaining is single mode optical fiber.
Unrelated phase code quantum key delivering method is polarized the present invention also provides a kind of, comprising the following steps:
1) laser triggers: pulse laser generates a series of pulsed light by trigger signal with certain repetition rate;
2) inveigle state modulation: light pulse carries out random strength modulation by it by intensity modulator, becomes signal state, inveigles
State or vacuum state;
3) transmitting terminal polarization preparation: enter phase code unit by the modulated light pulse of intensity modulator, first by
2X2 single mode optical fiber beam splitter is divided into two pulses and respectively enters the long galianconism of MZ interferometer, then by the phase tune in Sagnac ring
Device processed carries out random phase modulation so that from the phase difference between two pulses that MZ interferometer exports be respectively 0, pi/2, π, 3
π/2;
4) automatically controlled adjustable attenuator: light pulse is decayed to single photon magnitude by electric adjustable attenuator;
5) receiving end decodes: optical signal first passes through a fiber annular by entering receiving end after fibre channel transmission
Device, it is identical as coding subsequently into phase decoder, random 4 phase-modulation carried out to signal light, respectively 0, pi/2, π, 3 π/
2;
6) receiving end measures: using two-way single-photon detector measuring system as a result, generating security key for subsequent processing.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1, the unrelated phase code quantum key distribution system of polarization of the invention uses Faraday rotator, phase-modulation
Device and polarization-maintaining beam splitter constitute Sagnac ring structure, and Sagnac ring structure can compensate the polarization of the long galianconism of MZ interferometer automatically
Variation guarantees that the two-way pulse polarization for walking long galianconism is consistent, to realize anti-channel polarization scrambling;
2, since phase-modulation can be carried out respectively by the pulse of long galianconism, to the voltage amplitude of phase-modulator
It is required that lower;
3, due to the introducing of Sagnac ring, two polarized components of a light pulse pass through phase from opposite direction respectively
Modulator is equivalent to entire light pulse and only passes through a phase modulation, therefore Insertion Loss is small, and system operating rate is not limited by structure
System, can achieve GHz or more, key productivity is greatly improved.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of functional block diagram for polarizing unrelated phase code quantum key distribution system of the present invention.
In figure: transmitting terminal 100, pulse laser 101, intensity modulator 102, fibre optic isolater 103, electric adjustable attenuator
104,2X2 single mode optical fiber beam splitters 105,2X2 polarization beam apparatus 106, phase-modulator 107, Faraday rotator 108 receive
End 200, optical fiber circulator 201, the first single-photon detector 202, the second single-photon detector 203.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is clearly and completely described.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of polarize unrelated phase code quantum key distribution system, including transmitting terminal 100 and reception
End 200, the transmitting terminal 100 include sequentially connected pulse laser 101, intensity modulator 102, fibre optic isolater 103, phase
Position coding unit and electric adjustable attenuator 104, the receiving end 200 include optical fiber circulator 201, phase decoding unit, the
One single-photon detector 202 and the second single-photon detector 203,201 Single port of optical fiber circulator are connected by optical fiber
The electric adjustable attenuator 104 of transmitting terminal 100, Two-port netwerk connect the first single-photon detector 202, three ends by phase decoding unit
Mouth the second single-photon detector 203 of connection,
The phase code unit includes 2X2 single mode optical fiber beam splitter 105,2X2 polarization beam apparatus 106, phase-modulator
107 and Faraday rotator 108, three ports, four ports of the 2X2 single mode optical fiber beam splitter 105 pass through long galianconism respectively
Optical fiber connects Single port, the Two-port netwerk of 2X2 polarization beam apparatus 106, three ports, four ports point of the 2X2 polarization beam apparatus 106
Faraday rotator 108 and phase-modulator 107 are not connected by polarization maintaining optical fibre, and phase-modulator 107 and faraday are revolved
Turn to be connected between device 108 by polarization maintaining optical fibre, 105 Single port of the 2X2 single mode optical fiber beam splitter connection of the phase code unit
Fibre optic isolater 103, Two-port netwerk connect electric adjustable attenuator 104, and phase codec unit is substantially by a unequal arm MZ
(Mach-Zehnder) interferometer and a Sagnac ring are constituted.Wherein, long-armed (l) of unequal arm MZ interferometer has one section of delay
Line (DL) guarantees that its arm length difference between galianconism (s) is Δ l, and MZ interferometer and a Sagnac ring share 2X2 polarization point
Beam device 106.
The phase code cell operation principle of the present embodiment is as follows: 2X2 single mode optical fiber beam splitter 105 divides incident light pulse
At two light pulses, wherein pulse P1 passes through the galianconism of MZ interferometer by the long-armed of unequal arm MZ interferometer, pulse P2.It is long-armed
Pulse P1 two mutually orthogonal polarization state light pulse P1x and P1y are decomposed by 2X2 polarization beam apparatus 106, the two polarization
State light pulse along Sagnac ring structure is passed through clockwise and anticlockwise, finally returns to 2X2 polarization beam apparatus 106 and closes simultaneously respectively
As a pulse P11, and return to the long-armed of MZ interferometer.Due to pulse P1x and P1y from opposite direction in synchronization
Phase-modulator 107 is reached, therefore has been modulated identical phase thetal, and the polarization state for the light pulse P11 being finally synthesizing with enter
The polarization state for penetrating light pulse P1 is mutually perpendicular to.After light pulse P11 return is long-armed, again passes by 2X2 single mode optical fiber beam splitter 105 and divide
It is exported at two-beam pulse.Two can be also resolved by 2X2 polarization beam apparatus mutually by the light pulse P2 of MZ interferometer galianconism
Orthogonal polarization state light pulse P2x and P2y, the two reach phase-modulator 107 simultaneously by Sagnac ring and then are modulated by PM
Phase thetas, 1 light pulse P22 is then synthesized at 2X2 polarization beam apparatus 106, polarization state is mutually perpendicular to P2, finally returns
The galianconism of MZ interferometer is returned, and two-beam pulse output is divided by 2X2 single mode optical fiber beam splitter 105.Finally, from phase code list
Member two time intervals of output are 2 Δ l/v (wherein v is the spread speed of light in a fiber), phase difference θl-θsFront and back two
A light pulse.In addition, walking two pulses of long galianconism polarization direction in the phase-modulator 107 in Sagnac ring respectively is phase
It is mutually vertical, and the time interval for reaching phase-modulator 107 is Δ l/v, thus can two pulses to long galianconism into
The different phase-modulation of row.
The structure of the phase decoding unit is consistent with phase code unit, the single mode optical fiber beam splitter of phase decoding unit
Single port connects the Two-port netwerk of optical fiber circulator 201, and Two-port netwerk connects the first single-photon detector 202.
The transmitting terminal 100 is with optical fiber used in receiving end 200 in addition to being made in phase decoding unit and phase decoding unit
Polarization maintaining optical fibre, remaining is single mode optical fiber, thus, it is possible to which optical fiber, which is greatly lowered, is laid with cost.
It is a kind of to polarize unrelated phase code quantum key delivering method, comprising the following steps:
1) laser triggers: pulse laser generates a series of pulsed light by trigger signal with certain repetition rate;
2) inveigle state modulation: light pulse carries out random strength modulation by it by intensity modulator, becomes signal state, inveigles
State or vacuum state;
3) transmitting terminal polarization preparation: enter phase code unit by the modulated light pulse of intensity modulator, first by
2X2 single mode optical fiber beam splitter is divided into two pulses and respectively enters the long galianconism of MZ interferometer, then by the phase tune in Sagnac ring
Device processed carries out random phase modulation so that from the phase difference between two pulses that MZ interferometer exports be respectively 0, pi/2, π, 3
π/2;
4) automatically controlled adjustable attenuator: light pulse is decayed to single photon magnitude by electric adjustable attenuator;
5) receiving end decodes: optical signal first passes through a fiber annular by entering receiving end after fibre channel transmission
Device, it is identical as coding subsequently into phase decoder, random 4 phase-modulation carried out to signal light, respectively 0, pi/2, π, 3 π/
2;
6) receiving end measures: using two-way single-photon detector measuring system as a result, generating security key for subsequent processing.
Comprehensive structure and principle of the invention are it is found that system uses Faraday rotator, phase-modulator and polarization-maintaining beam splitting
Device constitutes Sagnac ring structure, and Sagnac ring structure can compensate the polarization variations of the long galianconism of MZ interferometer automatically, guarantee to walk
The two-way pulse polarization of long galianconism is consistent, to realize anti-channel polarization scrambling;Due to that can distinguish by the pulse of long galianconism
Phase-modulation is carried out, therefore lower to the voltage magnitude requirement of phase-modulator;Due to the introducing of Sagnac ring, a light pulse
Two polarized components respectively from opposite direction pass through phase-modulator, be equivalent to entire light pulse and only pass through a phase modulation,
Therefore Insertion Loss is small, and system operating rate is without architectural limitation, can achieve GHz or more, and key production is greatly improved
Rate.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of polarize unrelated phase code quantum key distribution system, including transmitting terminal and receiving end, which is characterized in that institute
Stating transmitting terminal includes that sequentially connected pulse laser, intensity modulator, fibre optic isolater, phase code unit and electricity are adjustable
Attenuator, the receiving end include optical fiber circulator, phase decoding unit, the first single-photon detector and the second single-photon detecting
Device is surveyed, the optical fiber circulator Single port connects the electric adjustable attenuator of transmitting terminal by optical fiber, and Two-port netwerk passes through phase decoding
Unit connects the first single-photon detector, and three ports connect the second single-photon detector,
The phase code unit includes 2X2 single mode optical fiber beam splitter, 2X2 polarization beam apparatus, phase-modulator and faraday
Rotator, three ports, four ports of the 2X2 single mode optical fiber beam splitter pass through long galianconism optical fiber connection 2X2 polarization beam splitting respectively
Single port, the Two-port netwerk of device, three ports, four ports of the 2X2 polarization beam apparatus pass through polarization maintaining optical fibre respectively and connect faraday
Rotator and phase-modulator, and be connected between phase-modulator and Faraday rotator by polarization maintaining optical fibre, the phase
2X2 single mode optical fiber beam splitter Single port connection fibre optic isolater, the Two-port netwerk of coding unit connect electric adjustable attenuator,
The structure of the phase decoding unit is consistent with phase code unit, single mode optical fiber beam splitter one end of phase decoding unit
The Two-port netwerk of mouth connection optical fiber circulator, Two-port netwerk connect the first single-photon detector.
2. polarizing unrelated phase code quantum key distribution system as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the transmitting terminal
With optical fiber used in receiving end in addition to used polarization maintaining optical fibre in phase decoding unit and phase decoding unit, remaining is single mode
Optical fiber.
3. a kind of polarize unrelated phase code quantum key delivering method, which comprises the following steps:
1) laser triggers: pulse laser generates a series of pulsed light by trigger signal with certain repetition rate;
2) inveigle state modulation: light pulse by intensity modulator by its carry out random strength modulation, become signal state, inveigle state or
Person's vacuum state;
3) transmitting terminal polarization preparation: entering phase code unit by the modulated light pulse of intensity modulator, mono- by 2X2 first
Mode fiber beam splitter is divided into two pulses and respectively enters the long galianconism of MZ interferometer, then by the phase-modulator in Sagnac ring into
Row random phase modulation so that from MZ interferometer export two pulses between phase difference be respectively 0, pi/2, π, 3 pi/2s;
4) automatically controlled adjustable attenuator: light pulse is decayed to single photon magnitude by electric adjustable attenuator;
5) receiving end decodes: optical signal first passes through an optical fiber circulator, so by entering receiving end after fibre channel transmission
Laggard applying aspect decoder, it is identical as coding, random 4 phase-modulation carried out to signal light, respectively 0, pi/2, π, 3 pi/2s;
6) receiving end measures: using two-way single-photon detector measuring system as a result, generating security key for subsequent processing.
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CN112448815A (en) * | 2021-02-01 | 2021-03-05 | 南京邮电大学 | Quantum key distribution device capable of configuring multiple protocols |
CN112804056A (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2021-05-14 | 上海循态信息科技有限公司 | Device and method for realizing independent quantum key distribution of continuous variable measurement equipment |
CN112865874A (en) * | 2021-01-12 | 2021-05-28 | 上海交通大学 | Self-adaptive decryption optical encryption transmission system and method based on optical self-interference elimination |
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