CN112039602A - Detection device and method for QKD dead time defense measure - Google Patents
Detection device and method for QKD dead time defense measure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a QKD dead time defensive measure detection device and a method, wherein the QKD dead time defensive measure detection device comprises: the laser I comprises an analysis module electrically connected with a plurality of detection modules, and a delay module connected with a synchronous clock signal of the laser I, wherein the delay module is electrically connected with a light source module, the light source module is in optical signal connection with a decoy state modulation module, and a man-machine interaction module is in communication connection with the light source module, the delay module and the analysis module. The QKD dead time defense measure detection device provides light source input with adjustable light intensity, the possibility that the detected QKD forges data at the front end of the detector during testing is avoided, and when the light intensity of a light source module of the detection device is adjusted, the detection count of the detected QKD is changed correspondingly; meanwhile, the physical signal output by the detected QKD detector is directly extracted for automatic analysis, and a judgment result is output.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of quantum key distribution equipment testing, and particularly relates to a device and a method for detecting QKD dead time defense measures.
Background
Dead time attacks exploit the dead time effect of the QKD detector. Dead time effects refer to the effect that a detector cannot respond to an incident photon any more for a period of time after detecting a signal. The attack does not need to intercept quantum states, and only needs to inject a strong pulse before the signal pulse (the time interval between the strong pulse and the signal pulse is less than the dead time), the strong pulse enables other detectors except the required detector to respond, so that the detection cannot be carried out in an effective window, and then all key information can be obtained from the response result of the detector without the dead time. Taking BB84 polarization encoding as an example, if the polarization modulation of strong pulse light randomly selected by Eve is | - >, Bob passively selects a measurement basis vector, then detectors detecting | H >, | V >, | - > in the system are in dead time with high probability and are blinded, and Eve controls the response of the detector at the receiving end accordingly. And only the detector | + > is effective, if Bob has a detection result, Eve can judge the detection result of Bob as | + >, with high accuracy. The attack can be directed to almost any QKD system as long as the QKD system uses single-photon detectors with dead time and data analysis with valid time windows.
According to the document "Weier, Henning, et al," Quantum aves drawing with out illustration: an attack of the dead time of single-photon detectors "" New Journal of Physics 13.7(2011):073024. In order to defend against the attack of dead time, the most effective mode is to only keep the key generated by the detection event which occurs when all the detectors are in the working mode, namely, when one detector carries out dead time, other detectors synchronously enter a dead time state.
In order to overcome the above-mentioned dead time defense measures, the conventional detection method is to manually examine the relevant codes of the QKD device under test or directly analyze the detection signals of the QKD device under test. The former has requirements on code capability of testers due to subjective factors of human judgment, and has the risk of making fake that the QKD running code is inconsistent with the sending and testing code, namely 'two sets of codes', and the latter has the possibility of forging data at the front end of a detector when the tested QKD equipment is tested.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a QKD dead time defense measure detection device, aiming at improving the problems.
The invention is realized in this way, a QKD dead time defensive measure detection device, the QKD equipment to be detected is composed of a QKD sending end and a QKD receiving end, the QKD sending end is composed of a laser I, a decoy state modulation module and a coding module which are connected in sequence, the QKD receiving end is composed of a decoding module and n detection modules connected with the decoding module, the QKD sending end and the QKD receiving end are connected through a quantum channel, the QKD dead time defensive measure detection device comprises:
the laser device comprises an analysis module electrically connected with a plurality of detection modules, and a delay module connected with a synchronous signal of the laser device I, wherein the delay module is electrically connected with a light source module, the light source module is in optical signal connection with a decoy state modulation module, and a man-machine interaction module is in communication connection with the light source module, the delay module and the analysis module.
Further, the human-computer interaction module is used for inputting a preset parameter of the test;
when the QKD equipment to be detected adopts an active coding mode, the synchronous signal input by the QKD equipment to be detected is delayed and processed and then sent to the light source module, so that the light pulse input by the light source module to the QKD equipment to be detected is in a stable region of the modulation voltage of the phase modulator;
the light source module machine generates an optical signal based on the synchronous signal, and the frequency, the pulse width and the wavelength of the generated optical signal are consistent with those of an optical signal emitted by the laser of the QKD device to be detected;
the analysis module carries out time domain analysis on a detection output signal input by the detected QKD equipment based on the dead time parameter of the detected QKD equipment, and verifies whether dead time defense measures are taken by the detected QKD equipment or not.
Further, the light source module includes:
the output end of the man-machine interaction module is connected with the output end of the MCU control unit, the output end of the MCU control unit is respectively in communication connection with the pulse modulation unit, the temperature control unit and the attenuation unit, the output ends of the temperature control unit and the pulse modulation unit are connected with the input end of the laser II, the output unit of the laser II is connected with the input end of the attenuation unit, and the output end of the attenuation unit is connected with the input end optical signal of the decoy state modulation module.
Further, the MCU control unit issues the light source parameters sent by the human-computer interaction module;
the pulse modulation unit receives an external trigger clock signal provided by the delay module, controls the repetition frequency of the laser II, generates a narrow pulse driving signal based on the pulse width sent by the MCU control unit and controls the pulse width of the laser II;
the temperature control unit adjusts the working temperature of the laser II and controls the central wavelength of the laser II based on the central wavelength parameter issued by the MCU control unit;
the attenuation unit can attenuate the light pulse intensity output by the laser II based on the attenuation value issued by the MCU control unit, and control the intensity of the light output by the light source module.
The invention is realized in this way, a QKD dead time defensive measure detection method, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, inputting the testing pre-parameters to the man-machine interaction module and issuing the testing pre-parameters;
s2, detecting whether the QKD equipment to be detected adopts an active coding mode, if so, executing a step S3, and if not, executing a step S4;
s3, enabling a synchronous hour signal of the laser I to enter the light source module through the delay module to serve as an external trigger clock signal of the light source module;
s4, when an external trigger clock signal is received, the light source module generates a light signal based on the light source parameter and outputs the light signal to the decoy state modulation module;
and S5, the analysis module receives the signals output by the detection modules, coincidence counting is carried out on the signals output by the detection modules based on the dead time of the QKD, if the coincidence counting value is 0, the QKD dead time preventive measure of the tested QKD equipment is determined to be effective, otherwise, the QKD dead time preventive measure of the tested QKD equipment is determined to be ineffective.
Further, the pre-parameters include: light source parameters of the laser I comprise optical pulse width, central wavelength and optical attenuation value, and dead time and delay adjusting parameters of the QKD equipment to be detected; wherein the delay adjustment parameter is determined based on the following method:
and setting the QKD transmitting end and the QKD receiving end in specific phase modulation and phase demodulation states respectively, and enabling the time when the optical pulse output by the light source module reaches the encoding module to be in a stable region of the phase modulation device by adjusting the delay adjusting parameter according to the counting change of the detection module of the QKD receiving end.
The dead time defense measure detection system provided by the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
a) the quantum detection method is more objective; 1) the detection method and the detection device of the invention carry out coincidence analysis on the physical signal (electric signal) output by the detector of the QKD equipment to be detected by a quantum detection means, and automatically output a judgment result; instead of adopting a code examination, a scheme examination and other classic detection methods which are subjectively participated by people to judge the defense measures of the equipment to be detected. 2) The detection device provides light source input with adjustable light intensity, and the possibility that the equipment to be detected falsify data at the front end of the detector is eliminated. (when the light intensity of the light source module of the detection device is adjusted, the detection count of the QKD device to be detected changes correspondingly) 3) the detection device can perform the test when the QKD to be detected operates in the working mode, rather than performing the detection or scheme examination offline. b) The detection range can cover the QKD equipment realized by the BB84 protocol, and the multi-detector system following the BB84 protocol is applicable (phase/polarization/time phase and the like) without depending on the technical characteristics of the QKD realization.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a QKD device provided in this embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a QKD dead time defensive measure detecting device provided by the present embodiment;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a light source module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a modulation voltage of a modulator corresponding to a sending end of a measured QKD device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an analysis design of an analysis module provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a QKD dead-time defensive measure detection method provided by the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a QKD dead time defensive measure detection system provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be given in order to provide those skilled in the art with a more complete, accurate and thorough understanding of the inventive concept and technical solutions of the present invention.
The QKD dead time defense measure detection device provided by the invention provides light source input with adjustable light intensity, and the possibility of counterfeiting data at the front end of the detector when the detected QKD is tested is eliminated. (when the light intensity of the light source module of the detection device is adjusted, the detection counting of the detected QKD is changed correspondingly.) and meanwhile, the physical signal detected and output by the detected QKD detector is directly extracted for automatic analysis, and a judgment result is output.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a QKD device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and for convenience of explanation, only the parts related to the embodiment of the present invention are shown.
The QKD equipment to be tested consists of two parts, namely a QKD transmitting end and a QKD receiving end, wherein the QKD transmitting end consists of a laser I, a decoy state modulation module and an encoding module which are sequentially connected;
the quantum key distribution product is composed of a sending end and a receiving end, and the sending end and the receiving end are connected through a quantum channel and a classical channel, wherein the quantum channel is used for transmitting quantum state information, and the classical channel is used for transmitting classical information. The sending end consists of a light source module, an encoding module, a random number generator and a data processing module. The pulse light source (i.e. the laser I) is used for generating the pulse light source, and the intensity of the light pulse is randomly modulated by the decoy state modulation module to prepare a signal state light pulse and a decoy state light pulse. And the coding module loads coding information on the signal state optical pulse and the decoy state optical pulse according to the random sequence input by the random number generator. According to different implementations, the encoding method can be divided into phase encoding, polarization encoding, and the like.
The receiving end is composed of a detection module, a decoding module, a random number generator and a data processing module. The functions of the decoding module include measurement basis selection and quantum state measurement, wherein the selection of the measurement basis is random. The selection of the measurement basis is divided into active selection, which requires inputting a random sequence generated by a random number generator, and passive selection, which can be realized by using passive optical elements such as a beam splitter. Then, the detection module detects the measured optical pulse, the detection process is to detect a single photon serving as an information carrier, and the detected quantum state information of the optical pulse is converted into classical bit information, and the current implementation mode is mainly based on a single photon detector. The receiving end informs the transmitting end of the selected measuring base information through a classical channel, and the transmitting end compares the coding base adopted in the quantum state preparation with the measuring base of the receiving end. The data processing modules of the two parties negotiate the processes of basis matching, error correction, security enhancement, authentication and the like through a classical channel to generate a quantum key.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a dead time defense measure detection apparatus provided in this embodiment, and for convenience of description, only a part related to the embodiment of the present invention is shown, where the apparatus includes:
the laser device comprises an analysis module electrically connected with a plurality of detection modules, and a delay module connected with a synchronous clock signal of the laser device I, wherein the delay module is electrically connected with a light source module, the light source module is in optical signal connection with a decoy state modulation module, and a man-machine interaction module is in communication connection with the light source module, the delay module and the analysis module.
The human-computer interaction module is used for inputting the preposed parameters of the test, and the preposed parameters comprise: light source parameters of the laser I comprise optical pulse width, central wavelength and optical attenuation value, and dead time and delay adjusting parameters of the QKD equipment to be detected; when the QKD equipment to be detected adopts an active coding mode, the synchronous signal input by the QKD equipment to be detected is delayed and processed and then sent to the light source module, so that the light pulse input by the light source module to the QKD equipment to be detected is in a stable region of the modulation voltage of the phase modulator; when the QKD equipment to be tested does not adopt an active coding mode, the delay module does not need delay adjustment; the light source module machine generates an optical signal based on the synchronous signal, the frequency, the pulse width and the wavelength of the generated optical signal are consistent with those of the optical signal sent by the laser in the QKD equipment to be tested, wherein the pulse width and the wavelength of the optical signal are automatically adjusted by the light source module, parameters of the pulse width and the wavelength of the optical signal come from the man-machine interaction module, and the frequency of the optical signal is determined by the frequency of the trigger signal provided by the delay module; the analysis module receives a detection output signal (namely, a detection signal output by the detection module) input by the detected QKD equipment, and performs time domain analysis on the detection output signal input by the detected QKD equipment based on a dead time parameter input by the human-computer interaction module to verify whether dead time defense measures are taken by the detected QKD equipment or not.
In the embodiment of the invention, the time delay adjusting parameter in the man-machine interaction module is obtained based on the following method: setting the QKD transmitting end and the QKD receiving end in specific phase modulation and phase demodulation states respectively (for example, the QKD transmitting end continuously performs 0 pi phase modulation, and the QKD receiving end alternately performs 0 pi and pi), enabling the time when the optical pulse output by the light source module reaches the coding module to be in a stable area of the phase modulation device by adjusting the delay adjusting parameter according to the counting change of the detection module of the QKD receiving end, and enabling the dead time of the measured QKD device to be a calibration parameter of the measured QKD device.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a light source module according to an embodiment of the present invention, which only shows a portion related to the embodiment of the present invention for convenience of description, and the light source module includes:
the output end of the man-machine interaction module is connected with the output end of the MCU control unit, the output end of the MCU control unit is respectively in communication connection with the pulse modulation unit, the temperature control unit and the attenuation unit, the output ends of the temperature control unit and the pulse modulation unit are connected with the input end of the laser II, the output unit of the laser II is connected with the input end of the attenuation unit, and the output end of the attenuation unit is in optical signal connection with the input end of the decoy state modulation module;
the MCU control unit issues light source parameters sent by the human-computer interaction module, issues pulse widths to the pulse modulation unit, issues central wavelengths to the temperature control unit and issues attenuation values to the attenuation unit; the pulse modulation unit receives an external trigger clock signal provided by the delay module so as to control the repetition frequency of the laser II, and generates a narrow pulse driving signal based on the pulse width sent by the MCU control unit so as to control the pulse width of the laser II; the temperature control unit adjusts the working temperature of the laser II based on the central wavelength parameter issued by the MCU control unit, so that the central wavelength of the laser II is controlled; the attenuation unit can attenuate the light pulse intensity output by the laser II based on the attenuation value issued by the MCU control unit, so that the intensity of the light output by the light source module is controlled.
A time delay module: a synchronous clock signal of the laser I is input into the light source module after being regulated by the delay module and is used as an external trigger clock signal of the light source module; namely, the delay module adjusts the delay between the optical signal input into the QKD device under test (i.e., the optical signal generated by the light source module) and the synchronous clock signal of the QKD device under test. The time when the optical pulse reaches the coding module is in a stable area of the modulation device instead of a rising edge or a falling edge, the measured QKD equipment adopts an active coding mode, and when the measured QKD equipment does not adopt the active coding mode, a delay module of the QKD dead time defense measure detection device does not need delay adjustment.
In the QKD system using active coding, the phase modulator is controlled by a voltage pulse driving signal, which is roughly divided into three parts, namely a rising edge, a stable region and a falling region, and the modulation phase is proportional to the modulation voltage applied to the phase modulator, as shown in fig. 4 below. When the time when the optical signal reaches the phase modulator is in a stable region, the loading phase is {0, pi/2, pi, 3 pi/2 }, and when the time when the optical signal reaches the phase modulator is in an unstable region, the actual loading phase is changed from {0, pi/2, pi, 3 pi/2 } to {0, sigma/2, sigma, 3 sigma/2 }, which may affect the detection result of the QKD device to be tested.
An analysis module: the analysis module is similar to a multi-channel coincidence counter, and the principle can be understood as an AND operation. Whether a pulse arrives in a time window with the dead time width of a detection signal of one detector, and if the pulse arrives in the time window with the dead time width of the detection signal, the defense measure of the tested QKD equipment is not effective and the detection is not passed; otherwise, the defense measures of the tested QKD equipment take effect, and the detection is passed. The parameters of the "dead time" width are provided by the human-computer interaction module, as shown in fig. 5;
a human-computer interaction module: the user inputs the tested prepositive parameters in the man-machine interaction module: light source parameters of the laser I comprise optical pulse width, central wavelength and optical attenuation value, and whether the QKD to be detected adopts an active coding mode or not; dead time and delay adjusting parameters of the QKD to be measured; and the human-computer interaction module receives the detection result of the analysis module and displays the judgment result to the user.
Test interface requirements for the QKD device under test: 1. an optical signal interface is reserved between the light source module and the decoy state modulation module, so that the optical signal connection between the light source module and the decoy state modulation module can be disconnected, and an external optical signal can be accessed into the decoy state modulation module; or an optical signal interface is reserved between the decoy state modulation module and the coding module, so that the optical signal connection between the decoy state modulation module and the coding module can be disconnected, and an external optical signal can be accessed into the coding module. 2. And reserving an electric signal interface for detecting the output signal in the detector module.
Fig. 6 is a flowchart of a QKD dead time defensive measure detection method provided in real time by the present invention, specifically including the steps of:
s1, inputting the testing prepositive parameters to the man-machine interaction module and issuing,
the specific issuing process is as follows: transmitting light source parameters of the laser I to a light source module, wherein the light source parameters comprise light pulse width, central wavelength and light attenuation value; the dead time of the tested QKD equipment is sent to an analysis module; and sending the delay adjusting parameters to a delay module.
S2, detecting whether the QKD equipment to be detected adopts an active coding mode, if so, executing a step S3, and if not, executing a step S4;
s3, enabling a synchronous clock signal of the laser I to enter the light source module through the delay module to serve as an external trigger clock signal of the light source module;
s4, when an external trigger clock signal is received, the light source module generates a light signal based on the light source parameter and outputs the light signal to the decoy state modulation module;
and S5, the analysis module receives the signals output by the detection modules, coincidence counting is carried out on the signals output by the detection modules based on the dead time of the QKD, if the coincidence counting value is 0, the QKD dead time preventive measure of the tested QKD equipment is determined to be effective, otherwise, the QKD dead time preventive measure of the tested QKD equipment is determined to be ineffective.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the delay adjustment parameter is obtained based on the following method:
setting the QKD transmitting end and the QKD receiving end in specific phase modulation and phase demodulation states respectively (for example, the QKD transmitting end continuously performs 0 pi phase modulation, and the QKD receiving end alternately performs 0 pi and pi), and enabling the time when the optical pulse output by the light source module reaches the coding module to be in a stable area of the phase modulation device by adjusting delay adjusting parameters according to the counting change of a detection module of the QKD receiving end.
The data interaction of the QKD dead time defensive measure detection system is described with reference to fig. 7, which specifically includes the following steps:
firstly, a time delay module is used for outputting a synchronous clock signal of a laser at a sending end of the QKD equipment to be tested;
and secondly, a synchronous clock signal of a laser at a sending end of the QKD equipment to be detected is input into a light source module of the detection device after being adjusted by the delay module and is used as an external trigger clock signal of the light source module, so that the pulse light generated by the light source module and the QKD equipment to be detected have the same source (the frequency is consistent and the relative time interval is consistent).
And the light source module inputs the pulse light consistent with the light source of the QKD equipment to be detected (frequency, pulse width and wavelength are consistent, and a DFB laser is preferably selected) to the decoy state modulation module of the QKD equipment to be detected.
Note 1: when the transmitting end of the tested QKD equipment is a multi-laser, the light source module can output multiple paths of same pulse light, and the output multiple paths of pulse light are input into the decoy state modulation module of the tested QKD equipment.
And fourthly, sending the light pulse width parameter, the central wavelength parameter and the light intensity attenuation parameter to the light source module by the man-machine interaction module so as to enable the pulse light output by the light source module to be consistent with the laser of the QKD equipment to be detected (frequency is consistent, pulse width is consistent, and wavelength is consistent).
And fifthly, issuing a delay adjusting parameter by the man-machine interaction module, so that the moment when the optical pulse reaches the encoding module of the QKD equipment to be detected is in a stable area of the modulation device instead of a rising edge or a falling edge.
Note 2: when the QKD equipment to be detected does not adopt an active coding mode, the delay module of the detection device does not need to adjust parameters.
Sixthly, the detection analysis module receives the detection output of each channel detector module at the receiving end of the QKD to be detected in real time, analyzes the detection output and judges whether the dead time defense measure of the QKD to be detected is effective or not.
Note 3: in the system frame diagram, only the case of 2 detection module channels is exemplified, and actually, signal access of 4 detection module channels is also possible, and the same is true.
And the human-computer interaction module issues the detector dead time parameter of the measured QKD equipment to the analysis module.
And feeding back the analysis result to a human-computer interaction module of the detection device by the analysis module for a user to check.
And ninthly, the user sets corresponding parameters to the light source module, the delay module and the analysis module of the detection device through the human-computer interaction module to ensure normal execution of detection.
And the man-machine interaction module at the red (R) side outputs a detection judgment result to a user.
One specific embodiment of the present invention is provided as follows: 1. the pulse width of a light source of the measured QKD equipment system is 200ps, the center wavelength is 1550nm, the repetition frequency is 50MHz, an active coding mode is adopted, the number of detectors is 2, and the dead time of the detectors is 20 ns. 2. The user outputs the pulse width and the central wavelength of the light source of the QKD equipment to be detected at the user interaction module of the detection device, and the attenuation of the light intensity is defaulted to be 0. 3. And the user accesses the synchronous clock signal of the QKD equipment to be detected into the delay module of the detection device to be used as a light source for triggering. A user sets light source parameters on a user interaction module of the detection device, wherein the pulse width is 200ps, and the central wavelength is 1550 nm. At this time, the light source module of the detection device can generate pulsed light consistent with the light source of the QKD device to be detected (frequency consistent, pulse width consistent, wavelength consistent, and DFB laser is preferably selected). 4. And the user accesses the pulsed light output by the detection device into a decoy state modulation module of the QKD equipment to be detected. The time when the optical signal reaches the code modulator of the QKD device to be detected is in a stable area by adjusting the delay amount of the delay module at the detection device user interaction module. 5. Two paths of detector output signals of the QKD equipment to be detected are connected to a detection device, and an analysis module of the detection device counts the coincidence of the two paths of signals by taking 20ns as a coincidence window. 6. An analysis module of the detection device collects a certain amount of signals, and when the coincidence count value is 0, the dead time defense measure of the detected QKD equipment is judged to be effective; and if the coincidence count value is greater than 0, judging that the dead time defense measures of the tested QKD equipment are invalid. 7. The analysis module of the detection device transmits the judgment result to the user interaction module, and the interaction module displays the detection result to the user. 8. The user can set the light intensity attenuation value to be 3dB (50% attenuation) in the man-machine interaction module of the detection device, and the analysis module of the detection device counts that the counting of the output signals of all the detectors is reduced by about 50%.
The dead time defense measure detection system provided by the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
a) the quantum detection method is more objective; 1) the detection method and the detection device of the invention carry out coincidence analysis on the physical signal (electric signal) output by the detector of the QKD equipment to be detected by a quantum detection means, and automatically output a judgment result; instead of adopting a code examination, a scheme examination and other classic detection methods which are subjectively participated by people to judge the defense measures of the equipment to be detected. 2) The detection device provides light source input with adjustable light intensity, and the possibility that the equipment to be detected falsify data at the front end of the detector is eliminated. (when the light intensity of the light source module of the detection device is adjusted, the detection count of the QKD device to be detected changes correspondingly) 3) the detection device can perform the test when the QKD to be detected operates in the working mode, rather than performing the detection or scheme examination offline. b) The detection range can cover the QKD equipment realized by the BB84 protocol, and the multi-detector system following the BB84 protocol is applicable (phase/polarization/time phase and the like) without depending on the technical characteristics of the QKD realization.
The invention has been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is obvious that the invention is not limited to the specific implementation in the above-described manner, and it is within the scope of the invention to apply the inventive concept and solution to other applications without substantial modification.
Claims (6)
1. A QKD dead time defensive measure detection device is characterized in that a QKD device to be detected consists of a QKD sending end and a QKD receiving end, the QKD sending end consists of a laser I, a decoy state modulation module and a coding module which are sequentially connected, the QKD receiving end consists of a decoding module and n detection modules connected with the decoding module which are sequentially connected, and the sending end and the receiving end are connected through a quantum channel, and the QKD dead time defensive measure detection device comprises:
the laser device comprises an analysis module electrically connected with a plurality of detection modules, and a delay module connected with a synchronous clock signal of the laser device I, wherein the delay module is electrically connected with a light source module, the light source module is in optical signal connection with a decoy state modulation module, and a man-machine interaction module is in communication connection with the light source module, the delay module and the analysis module.
2. The QKD dead-time defensive measure detecting device as recited in claim 1, wherein the human-computer interaction module is used for inputting a pre-parameter of the test;
when the QKD equipment to be detected adopts an active coding mode, the synchronous signal input by the QKD equipment to be detected is delayed and processed and then sent to the light source module, so that the light pulse input by the light source module to the QKD equipment to be detected is in a stable region of the modulation voltage of the phase modulator;
the light source module generates an optical signal based on the synchronous signal, and the frequency, the pulse width and the wavelength of the generated optical signal are consistent with those of an optical signal emitted by a laser of the QKD device to be detected;
the analysis module carries out time domain analysis on a detection output signal input by the detected QKD equipment based on the dead time parameter of the detected QKD equipment, and verifies whether dead time defense measures are taken by the detected QKD equipment or not.
3. The QKD dead-time defensive measure detecting device as recited in claim 1 or 2, wherein the light source module includes:
the output end of the man-machine interaction module is connected with the output end of the MCU control unit, the output end of the MCU control unit is respectively in communication connection with the pulse modulation unit, the temperature control unit and the attenuation unit, the output ends of the temperature control unit and the pulse modulation unit are connected with the input end of the laser II, the output unit of the laser II is connected with the input end of the attenuation unit, and the output end of the attenuation unit is connected with the input end optical signal of the decoy state modulation module.
4. The QKD dead-time defense measure detection apparatus as defined in claim 3, wherein the MCU control unit issues light source parameters sent by the human-computer interaction module;
the pulse modulation unit receives an external trigger clock signal provided by the delay module, controls the repetition frequency of the laser II, generates a narrow pulse driving signal based on the pulse width sent by the MCU control unit and controls the pulse width of the laser II;
the temperature control unit adjusts the working temperature of the laser II and controls the central wavelength of the laser II based on the central wavelength parameter issued by the MCU control unit;
the attenuation unit can attenuate the light pulse intensity output by the laser II based on the attenuation value issued by the MCU control unit, and control the intensity of the light output by the light source module.
5. The method for detecting the QKD dead-time defense measure based on the device for detecting the QKD dead-time defense measure of any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, inputting the testing pre-parameters to the man-machine interaction module and issuing the testing pre-parameters;
s2, detecting whether the QKD equipment to be detected adopts an active coding mode, if so, executing a step S3, and if not, executing a step S4;
s3, enabling a synchronous hour signal of the laser I to enter the light source module through the delay module to serve as an external trigger clock signal of the light source module;
s4, when an external trigger clock signal is received, the light source module generates a light signal based on the light source parameter and outputs the light signal to the decoy state modulation module;
and S5, the analysis module receives the signals output by the detection modules, coincidence counting is carried out on the signals output by the detection modules based on the dead time of the QKD, if the coincidence counting value is 0, the QKD dead time preventive measure of the tested QKD equipment is determined to be effective, otherwise, the QKD dead time preventive measure of the tested QKD equipment is determined to be ineffective.
6. The QKD dead-time defense detection apparatus of claim 5, wherein the pre-parameters include: light source parameters of the laser I comprise optical pulse width, central wavelength and optical attenuation value, and dead time and delay adjusting parameters of the QKD equipment to be detected; wherein the delay adjustment parameter is determined based on the following method:
and setting the QKD transmitting end and the QKD receiving end in specific phase modulation and phase demodulation states respectively, and enabling the time when the optical pulse output by the light source module reaches the encoding module to be in a stable region of the phase modulation device by adjusting the delay adjusting parameter according to the counting change of the detection module of the QKD receiving end.
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| US20090190759A1 (en) * | 2007-11-07 | 2009-07-30 | Austrian Research Centers Gmbh - Arc | QKD Arrangement |
| CN106603161A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-04-26 | 浙江神州量子网络科技有限公司 | QKD system sending terminal based on phase modulation light source, receiving terminal, QKD system and method thereof |
| CN110190905A (en) * | 2019-06-06 | 2019-08-30 | 安徽问天量子科技股份有限公司 | A kind of time phase quantum key distribution system transmitting terminal |
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| US20090190759A1 (en) * | 2007-11-07 | 2009-07-30 | Austrian Research Centers Gmbh - Arc | QKD Arrangement |
| CN106603161A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-04-26 | 浙江神州量子网络科技有限公司 | QKD system sending terminal based on phase modulation light source, receiving terminal, QKD system and method thereof |
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| CN115694792A (en) * | 2021-10-09 | 2023-02-03 | 科大国盾量子技术股份有限公司 | Method and device capable of detecting blind attack caused by intense pulse light and receiving end |
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