CN112929163B - Measuring device-independent continuous variable quantum key distribution method and system - Google Patents
Measuring device-independent continuous variable quantum key distribution method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a measuring device-independent continuous variable quantum key distribution method, which comprises the steps that a sender prepares a plurality of independent and identically distributed Gaussian modulation coherent states and sends the Gaussian modulation coherent states to any detector; a receiving party prepares a plurality of independent and identically distributed Gaussian modulation coherent states and sends the states to a detecting party; the detection party processes and detects the data to obtain a detection result and sends the detection result to the sender and the receiver; the receiving party calculates a first measurement result; a sender sends a plurality of orthogonal values of the sender to a receiver; and the receiver calculates and obtains the final quantum key sent by the sender. The invention also discloses a system for realizing the measuring device-independent continuous variable quantum key distribution method. The invention can effectively eliminate the defects of the actual detector, improve the sensitivity of shot noise, reduce the variance of electronic noise, and has higher safety, higher reliability and better sensitivity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of quantum communication, and particularly relates to a method and a system for distributing a continuous variable quantum key irrelevant to a measuring device.
Background
With the development of economic technology and the improvement of living standard of people, people pay more and more attention to communication safety. The quantum key distribution technology can enable two parties of legal communication to safely share the key in an untrusted quantum channel, and the safety characteristic of quantum key distribution is based on the inaccuracy measurement principle of quantum mechanics and the quantum unclonable theorem. Therefore, quantum key distribution technology is considered to be one of the most promising communication technologies in the future.
Quantum key distribution techniques include discrete variable quantum key distribution and continuous variable quantum key distribution. As an alternative to discrete variable quantum key distribution, the components of continuous variable quantum key distribution techniques are compatible with existing mature optical communication techniques, and efficient, low-cost homodyne or heterodyne detection techniques can be used. Therefore, the continuous variable quantum key distribution technology is widely applied and paid attention.
Currently, in the continuous variable quantum key distribution system, researchers have proposed several attack strategies for actual detectors in the system, which have seriously affected the security of the continuous variable quantum key distribution system in practical applications. To eliminate and defend against these attacks, continuous variable quantum key distribution systems must characterize certain vulnerabilities of the actual detectors in the system and find corresponding countermeasures. However, current continuous variable quantum key distribution systems have difficulty finding detectors that perfectly match features and account for all holes.
Meanwhile, compared to the basic vacuum shot noise, in a conventional high-bandwidth single-mode gaussian modulated measurement device-independent continuously variable quantum key distribution system, the use of a classical coherent detector will result in higher electronic noise, thereby limiting the shot noise sensitivity of the detector.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for distributing a continuous variable quantum key independent of a measuring apparatus, which can effectively avoid the defects of an actual detector and has high reliability and high sensitivity.
The invention also aims to provide a system for realizing the measuring device-independent continuous variable quantum key distribution method.
The invention provides a method for distributing continuous variable quantum keys irrelevant to a measuring device, which comprises the following steps:
s1, a sender prepares a plurality of independent and identically distributed Gaussian modulation coherent states and sends the Gaussian modulation coherent states to any detector;
s2, the receiving party prepares a plurality of independent and identically distributed Gaussian modulation coherent states and sends the states to the detecting party in the step S1;
s3, the detection party processes and detects the received signals to obtain detection results;
s4, the detection party simultaneously sends the detection result to the sending party and the receiving party;
s5, the receiver calculates to obtain a first measurement result according to the received detection result;
s6, the sender sends a plurality of self orthogonal values to the receiver;
and S7, the receiver calculates and obtains a final quantum key sent by the sender according to the first measurement result obtained in the step S5 and the orthogonal coherent state received in the step S6.
The sender in step S1 prepares a plurality of gaussian modulation coherent states that are independent and identically distributed, and sends the plurality of gaussian modulation coherent states to an arbitrary detector, specifically, prepares a plurality of gaussian modulation coherent states that are independent and identically distributed for the sender
Wherein
And sent to any of the detection parties; the quantum states sent to any detector are described as
Is an orthogonal measurement of X for the Alice sender,
is an orthogonal measurement of P for the Alice sender.
The receiving party in step S2 prepares a plurality of gaussian modulation coherent states that are independent and identically distributed, and sends the plurality of gaussian modulation coherent states to the detecting party in step S1, specifically, prepares a plurality of gaussian modulation coherent states that are independent and identically distributed for the receiving party
Wherein
And sent to the detecting party in step S1; the quantum state sent to the detecting party described in step S1 is described as
Is an orthogonal measurement of X for Bob's receiver,
is an orthogonal measure of P at the receiver of Bob.
The detecting party in step S3 processes and detects the received signal to obtain a detection result, specifically, the detecting party divides the received signal into two optical signals through a conjugate homogeneous balanced beam splitter, and performs CV Bell detection on the two optical signals to obtain a detection result.
The CV Bell detection specifically adopts the following formula to measure an orthogonal operator:
in the formula
Is the orthogonal operator of system X;
is the orthogonal operator of system P;
an orthogonal measurement of X for the Alice sender;
an orthogonal measurement of P for the sender of Alice;
an orthogonal measurement of X for Bob receivers;
an orthogonal measurement of P for Bob recipients; the expression of the classical result of the measurement is
The receiving side in step S5 calculates a first measurement result according to the received detection result, specifically, the receiving side calculates according to the received detection result by using the following equation:
in the formula beta*A complex conjugate of β; γ is a detection result obtained in step S3; then, the receiving side calculates the first measurement result according to the calculated alpha
And
the sender sends a plurality of orthogonal values of itself to the receiver in step S6, specifically, the sender sends the orthogonal values of itself
Or
And sending the data to a receiving party.
The receiving side in step S7 calculates the final quantum key sent by the sending side according to the first measurement result obtained in step S5 and the orthogonal coherent state received in step S6, specifically, the following steps are adopted to obtain the final quantum key:
A. and the receiving party replaces the measurement result with the following formula to calculate according to the received orthogonal value:
in the formula
The orthogonal value is sent by a sender and received by a receiver;
B. the sender and receiver have collected the relevant data:
C. and the sender and the receiver perform post-processing operation on the data so as to obtain a final quantum key.
The post-processing operation specifically comprises parameter estimation, reverse mediation and privacy amplification.
The invention also provides a system for realizing the measuring device-independent continuous variable quantum key distribution method, which comprises a sender, a receiver and a detector; the sender comprises a sender pulse laser, a sender first amplitude modulator, a sender first beam splitter, a sender first polarizer, a sender second amplitude modulator, a sender first phase modulator and a sender second beam splitter; the receiving side comprises a receiving side pulse laser, a receiving side first amplitude modulator, a receiving side first beam splitter, a receiving side first polarizer, a receiving side second amplitude modulator, a receiving side first phase modulator and a receiving side second beam splitter; the detection side comprises a detection side first polarization beam splitter, a detection side first amplitude modulator, a detection side second polarization beam splitter, a detection side first phase modulator, a detection side first beam splitter, a detection side second beam splitter, a detection side homodyne detector and a detection side data processor; the pulse laser of the sender, the first amplitude modulator of the sender and the first beam splitter of the sender are sequentially connected in series; the first output end of the first beam splitter of the sender is connected with the first polarizer of the sender, and the second output end of the first beam splitter of the sender is connected with the second polarizer of the sender; the first polarizer of the sender, the second amplitude modulator of the sender and the first phase modulator of the sender are sequentially connected in series; the output end of the first phase modulator of the sender is connected with the first input end of the second beam splitter of the sender; the second polarizer of the sender and the second beam splitter of the sender are sequentially connected in series, and the output end of the second polarizer of the sender is connected with the second input end of the second beam splitter of the sender; the output end of the second beam splitter of the sender is the output end of the sender and is connected with the detector through a quantum channel; the receiving side pulse laser, the receiving side first amplitude modulator and the receiving side first beam splitter are sequentially connected in series; the first output end of the first beam splitter of the receiving part is connected with the first polarizer of the receiving part, and the second output end of the first beam splitter of the receiving part is connected with the second polarizer of the receiving part; the first polarizer of the receiving party, the second amplitude modulator of the receiving party and the first phase modulator of the receiving party are sequentially connected in series; the output end of the first phase modulator of the receiving party is connected with the first input end of the second beam splitter of the receiving party; the second polarizer of the receiving party and the second beam splitter of the receiving party are sequentially connected in series, and the output end of the second polarizer of the receiving party is connected with the second input end of the second beam splitter of the receiving party; the output end of the second beam splitter of the receiving party is the output end of the receiving party and is connected with the detecting party through a quantum channel; the input end of the first detecting polarization beam splitter is the input end of the detecting party, the first output end of the first detecting polarization beam splitter is connected with the first detecting amplitude modulator, and the second output end of the first detecting polarization beam splitter is connected with the second detecting polarization beam splitter; the output end of the first amplitude modulator is connected with the first input end of the first beam splitter; the first output end of the detection side second polarization beam splitter is connected with the input end of the detection side second beam splitter, and the second output end of the detection side second polarization beam splitter is connected with the input end of the detection side first phase modulator; the output end of the first phase modulator of the detection side is connected with the second input end of the first beam splitter of the detection side; the output end of the first beam splitter connected with the detection side is connected with the first input end of the homodyne detector of the detection side; the output end of the detection square second beam splitter is connected with the second input end of the detection square homodyne detector; the output end of the detection side homodyne detector is connected with the detection side data processor; the sender generates pulse coherent light through a sender pulse laser, and the pulse coherent light is transmitted to a sender first beam splitter after being subjected to amplitude modulation through a sender first amplitude modulator; the first beam splitter of the sending party divides the received signal into two beams of optical signals: the first path of optical signal is polarized by a second polarizer of the sender and then sent to a second beam splitter of the sender; the other path of optical signal is polarized through the first polarizer of the sender, then amplitude modulation is carried out through the second amplitude modulator of the sender again, and the phase of the first phase modulator of the sender is modulated and then sent to the second beam splitter of the sender; the second beam splitter of the sender combines the received two optical signals and sends the combined optical signals to the detector through a quantum channel; the receiving party generates pulse coherent light through a receiving party pulse laser, and the pulse coherent light is transmitted to a receiving party first beam splitter after being subjected to amplitude modulation through a receiving party first amplitude modulator; the first beam splitter at the receiving side divides the received signal into two optical signals: one path of optical signal is transmitted into a second beam splitter of a receiving party after being polarized by a second polarizer of the receiving party; the other path of optical signal is polarized through the first polarizer of the receiving party, then is subjected to amplitude modulation through the second amplitude modulator of the receiving party again, and is sent to the second beam splitter of the receiving party after being subjected to phase modulation through the first phase modulator of the receiving party; the second beam splitter of the receiving party combines the received two optical signals and sends the combined optical signals to the detecting party through a quantum channel; after receiving the signals uploaded by the sender and the receiver, the detector divides the received signals into two beams of optical signals through a first polarization beam splitter of the detector: the first beam of optical signals are subjected to amplitude modulation through a first amplitude modulator on the detection side and then uploaded to a first beam splitter on the detection side; the other light signal is divided into two beams of light again through a second polarization beam splitter at the detection side: the first beam sub-optical signal is sent into a first beam splitter of a detection party after being phase-modulated by a first phase modulator of the detection party; the other beam of sub-optical signals passes through a second beam splitter of the detection party and then is sent to a homodyne detector of the detection party; the first beam splitter on the detection side combines the two received signals and uploads the signals to a homodyne detector on the detection side; and the detection side homodyne detector uploads a detection result to the detection side data processor for subsequent processing after homodyne detection is carried out on the received signal.
According to the method and the system for distributing the independent continuous variable quantum key of the measuring device, the sender and the receiver respectively prepare independent same-distribution Gaussian modulation coherent states in a multi-independent mode and send the independent same-distribution Gaussian modulation coherent states to the detector, and the detector uses a traditional noise homodyne detector for detection; the invention gives the detection process to any third party for measurement and detection, so the invention can effectively eliminate the defects of the actual detector; meanwhile, the invention can also improve the sensitivity of shot noise, reduce the variance of electronic noise, further improve the actual safety of the continuous variable quantum key distribution system, and has high reliability and good sensitivity.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic process flow diagram of the process of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of the system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the method of the present invention: the invention provides a method for distributing continuous variable quantum keys irrelevant to a measuring device, which comprises the following steps:
s1, a sender prepares a plurality of independent and identically distributed Gaussian modulation coherent states and sends the Gaussian modulation coherent states to any detector; in particular, several independent and identically distributed Gaussian modulation coherent states are prepared for the sender
Wherein
And sent to any of the detection parties; the quantum states sent to any detector are described as
Is an orthogonal measurement of X for the Alice sender,
an orthogonal measurement of P for the sender of Alice;
s2, the receiving party prepares a plurality of independent and identically distributed Gaussian modulation coherent states and sends the states to the detecting party in the step S1; in particular, a plurality of independent and identically distributed Gaussian modulation coherent states are prepared for a receiver
Wherein
And sent to the detecting party in step S1; the quantum state sent to the detecting party described in step S1 is described as
Is an orthogonal measurement of X for the Bob sender,
an orthogonal measurement of P for the Bob sender;
s3, the detection party processes and detects the received signals to obtain detection results; specifically, a detection party divides a received signal into two light signals through a conjugate homogeneous balance beam splitter, and performs CV Bell detection on the two light signals to obtain a detection result;
in specific implementation, the following formula is adopted to measure the orthogonal operator:
in the formula
Is the orthogonal operator of system X;
is the orthogonal operator of system P;
an orthogonal measurement of X for the Alice sender;
an orthogonal measurement of P for the sender of Alice;
an orthogonal measurement of X for Bob receivers;
an orthogonal measurement of P for Bob recipients; the expression of the classical result of the measurement is
S4, the detection party simultaneously sends the detection result to the sending party and the receiving party;
s5, the receiver calculates to obtain a first measurement result according to the received detection result; specifically, the receiving side calculates according to the received detection result by adopting the following formula:
in the formula beta*A complex conjugate of β; γ is a detection result obtained in step S3; then, the receiving side calculates the first measurement result according to the calculated alpha
And
s6, the sender sends a plurality of self orthogonal values to the receiver; specifically, the sending party sends the orthogonal value of the sending party
Or
Is sent to a receiving party
S7, the receiver calculates to obtain a final quantum key sent by the sender according to the first measurement result obtained in the step S5 and the orthogonal coherent state received in the step S6; specifically, the following steps are adopted to obtain a final quantum key:
A. and the receiving party replaces the measurement result with the following formula to calculate according to the received orthogonal value:
in the formula
The orthogonal value is sent by a sender and received by a receiver;
B. the sender and receiver have collected the relevant data:
in specific implementation, the specific schemes of step a and step B both correspond to step S6: if the sender sends yes in step S6
Only the AND operation is performed in step A and step B
Performing related calculation and acquiring related data; if the sender sends yes in step S6
Only the AND operation is performed in step A and step B
Performing related calculation and acquiring related data;
C. the sender and the receiver perform post-processing operation on the data to obtain a final quantum key; and post-processing operations, specifically comprising parameter estimation, reverse mediation and privacy amplification.
FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of the system of the present invention: the invention also provides a system for realizing the measuring device-independent continuous variable quantum key distribution method, which comprises a sender, a receiver and a detector;
the sender comprises a sender pulse laser, a sender first amplitude modulator, a sender first beam splitter, a sender first polarizer, a sender second amplitude modulator, a sender first phase modulator and a sender second beam splitter;
the receiving side comprises a receiving side pulse laser, a receiving side first amplitude modulator, a receiving side first beam splitter, a receiving side first polarizer, a receiving side second amplitude modulator, a receiving side first phase modulator and a receiving side second beam splitter;
the detection side comprises a detection side first polarization beam splitter, a detection side first amplitude modulator, a detection side second polarization beam splitter, a detection side first phase modulator, a detection side first beam splitter, a detection side second beam splitter, a detection side homodyne detector and a detection side data processor;
the pulse laser of the sender, the first amplitude modulator of the sender and the first beam splitter of the sender are sequentially connected in series; the first output end of the first beam splitter of the sender is connected with the first polarizer of the sender, and the second output end of the first beam splitter of the sender is connected with the second polarizer of the sender; the first polarizer of the sender, the second amplitude modulator of the sender and the first phase modulator of the sender are sequentially connected in series; the output end of the first phase modulator of the sender is connected with the first input end of the second beam splitter of the sender; the second polarizer of the sender and the second beam splitter of the sender are sequentially connected in series, and the output end of the second polarizer of the sender is connected with the second input end of the second beam splitter of the sender; the output end of the second beam splitter of the sender is the output end of the sender and is connected with the detector through a quantum channel;
the receiving side pulse laser, the receiving side first amplitude modulator and the receiving side first beam splitter are sequentially connected in series; the first output end of the first beam splitter of the receiving part is connected with the first polarizer of the receiving part, and the second output end of the first beam splitter of the receiving part is connected with the second polarizer of the receiving part; the first polarizer of the receiving party, the second amplitude modulator of the receiving party and the first phase modulator of the receiving party are sequentially connected in series; the output end of the first phase modulator of the receiving party is connected with the first input end of the second beam splitter of the receiving party; the second polarizer of the receiving party and the second beam splitter of the receiving party are sequentially connected in series, and the output end of the second polarizer of the receiving party is connected with the second input end of the second beam splitter of the receiving party; the output end of the second beam splitter of the receiving party is the output end of the receiving party and is connected with the detecting party through a quantum channel;
the input end of the first detecting polarization beam splitter is the input end of the detecting party, the first output end of the first detecting polarization beam splitter is connected with the first detecting amplitude modulator, and the second output end of the first detecting polarization beam splitter is connected with the second detecting polarization beam splitter; the output end of the first amplitude modulator is connected with the first input end of the first beam splitter; the first output end of the detection side second polarization beam splitter is connected with the input end of the detection side second beam splitter, and the second output end of the detection side second polarization beam splitter is connected with the input end of the detection side first phase modulator; the output end of the first phase modulator of the detection side is connected with the second input end of the first beam splitter of the detection side; the output end of the first beam splitter connected with the detection side is connected with the first input end of the homodyne detector of the detection side; the output end of the detection square second beam splitter is connected with the second input end of the detection square homodyne detector; the output end of the detection side homodyne detector is connected with the detection side data processor;
the sender generates pulse coherent light through a sender pulse laser, and the pulse coherent light is transmitted to a sender first beam splitter after being subjected to amplitude modulation through a sender first amplitude modulator; the first beam splitter of the sending party divides the received signal into two beams of optical signals: the first path of optical signal is polarized by a second polarizer of the sender and then sent to a second beam splitter of the sender; the other path of optical signal is polarized through the first polarizer of the sender, then amplitude modulation is carried out through the second amplitude modulator of the sender again, and the phase of the first phase modulator of the sender is modulated and then sent to the second beam splitter of the sender; the second beam splitter of the sender combines the received two optical signals and sends the combined optical signals to the detector through a quantum channel;
the receiving party generates pulse coherent light through a receiving party pulse laser, and the pulse coherent light is transmitted to a receiving party first beam splitter after being subjected to amplitude modulation through a receiving party first amplitude modulator; the first beam splitter at the receiving side divides the received signal into two optical signals: one path of optical signal is transmitted into a second beam splitter of a receiving party after being polarized by a second polarizer of the receiving party; the other path of optical signal is polarized through the first polarizer of the receiving party, then is subjected to amplitude modulation through the second amplitude modulator of the receiving party again, and is sent to the second beam splitter of the receiving party after being subjected to phase modulation through the first phase modulator of the receiving party; the second beam splitter of the receiving party combines the received two optical signals and sends the combined optical signals to the detecting party through a quantum channel;
after receiving the signals uploaded by the sender and the receiver, the detector divides the received signals into two beams of optical signals through a first polarization beam splitter of the detector: the first beam of optical signals are subjected to amplitude modulation through a first amplitude modulator on the detection side and then uploaded to a first beam splitter on the detection side; the other light signal is divided into two beams of light again through a second polarization beam splitter at the detection side: the first beam sub-optical signal is sent into a first beam splitter of a detection party after being phase-modulated by a first phase modulator of the detection party; the other beam of sub-optical signals passes through a second beam splitter of the detection party and then is sent to a homodyne detector of the detection party; the first beam splitter on the detection side combines the two received signals and uploads the signals to a homodyne detector on the detection side; and the detection side homodyne detector uploads a detection result to the detection side data processor for subsequent processing after homodyne detection is carried out on the received signal.
The cost of such a system provided by the present invention will depend primarily on the laser: at a transmitting end and a receiving end, the modes can be generated by a group of lasers driven by a single pulse generator, the laser output can be delayed, and then the delayed laser output can be coupled to an optical fiber through a WDM module; the gaussian modulation on each mode can be performed with a single amplitude and phase modulator with appropriate delays. At the detection end, equal fiber delays can be applied for each mode to eliminate delay skew at the transmission end.
To verify the feasibility of the system of the present invention, a 4MHz bandwidth homodyne detector was used to obtain linear shot noise, each LO producing its contribution to the shot noise variance, and a pulsed laser was first multiplexed into a polarization maintaining fiber and then an amplitude modulator was used to output 100ns pulses. The electrical noise of the detector is 1.56 × 10-6mV2Each LO mode is limited to 1.6 × 10 maximum power7In order to realize the complete setting of the multimode Gaussian modulation continuous variable measuring device independent quantum key distribution system, the cost is mainly dependent on the laser. At the transmitting end, these modes may be generated by a set of lasers driven by a single pulse generator, and the laser output may be delayed and then coupled to an optical fiber via a WDM module. The gaussian modulation on each mode can be performed with a single amplitude and phase modulator with appropriate delays. At the receiving end, equal fiber delays can be applied to each mode to eliminate delay skew at the transmitting endAnd (6) moving.
Claims (2)
1. A measuring device-independent continuous variable quantum key distribution method comprises the following steps:
s1, a sender prepares a plurality of independent and identically distributed Gaussian modulation coherent states and sends the Gaussian modulation coherent states to any detector; in particular, several independent and identically distributed Gaussian modulation coherent states are prepared for the sender
Wherein
And sent to any of the detection parties; the quantum states sent to any detector are described as
Is an orthogonal measurement of X for the Alice sender,
an orthogonal measurement of P for the sender of Alice;
s2, the receiving party prepares a plurality of independent and identically distributed Gaussian modulation coherent states and sends the states to the detecting party in the step S1; in particular, a plurality of independent and identically distributed Gaussian modulation coherent states are prepared for a receiver
Wherein
And sent to the detecting party in step S1; the quantum state sent to the detecting party described in step S1 is described as
Is an orthogonal measurement of X at the transmitter side,
an orthogonal measurement of P for the sender;
s3, the detection party processes and detects the received signals to obtain detection results; specifically, a detection party divides a received signal into two light signals through a conjugate homogeneous balance beam splitter, and performs CV Bell detection on the two light signals to obtain a detection result; the CV Bell detection specifically measures an orthogonal operator by adopting the following formula:
in the formula
Is the orthogonal operator of system X;
is the orthogonal operator of system P;
an orthogonal measurement of X for the sender;
an orthogonal measurement of P for the sender;
of receiver XAn orthogonal measurement value;
an orthogonal measurement of P for the receiver; the expression of the classical result of the measurement is
S4, the detection party simultaneously sends the detection result to the sending party and the receiving party;
s5, the receiver calculates to obtain a first measurement result according to the received detection result; specifically, the receiving side calculates according to the received detection result by adopting the following formula:
in the formula beta*A complex conjugate of β; γ is a detection result obtained in step S3; then, the receiving side calculates the first measurement result according to the calculated alpha
And
s6, the sender sends a plurality of self orthogonal values to the receiver; specifically, the sending party sends the orthogonal value of the sending party
Or
Sending the data to a receiver;
s7, the receiver calculates to obtain a final quantum key sent by the sender according to the first measurement result obtained in the step S5 and the orthogonal coherent state received in the step S6; specifically, the following steps are adopted to obtain a final quantum key:
A. and the receiving party replaces the measurement result with the following formula to calculate according to the received orthogonal value:
in the formula
The orthogonal value is sent by a sender and received by a receiver;
B. the sender and receiver have collected the relevant data:
C. the sender and the receiver perform post-processing operation on the data to obtain a final quantum key; the post-processing operation specifically comprises parameter estimation, reverse mediation and privacy amplification.
2. A system for implementing the measurement device independent continuous variable quantum key distribution method of claim 1, comprising a sender, a receiver, and a detector; the sender comprises a sender pulse laser, a sender first amplitude modulator, a sender first beam splitter, a sender first polarizer, a sender second amplitude modulator, a sender first phase modulator and a sender second beam splitter; the receiving side comprises a receiving side pulse laser, a receiving side first amplitude modulator, a receiving side first beam splitter, a receiving side first polarizer, a receiving side second amplitude modulator, a receiving side first phase modulator and a receiving side second beam splitter; the detection side comprises a detection side first polarization beam splitter, a detection side first amplitude modulator, a detection side second polarization beam splitter, a detection side first phase modulator, a detection side first beam splitter, a detection side second beam splitter, a detection side homodyne detector and a detection side data processor; the pulse laser of the sender, the first amplitude modulator of the sender and the first beam splitter of the sender are sequentially connected in series; the first output end of the first beam splitter of the sender is connected with the first polarizer of the sender, and the second output end of the first beam splitter of the sender is connected with the second polarizer of the sender; the first polarizer of the sender, the second amplitude modulator of the sender and the first phase modulator of the sender are sequentially connected in series; the output end of the first phase modulator of the sender is connected with the first input end of the second beam splitter of the sender; the second polarizer of the sender and the second beam splitter of the sender are sequentially connected in series, and the output end of the second polarizer of the sender is connected with the second input end of the second beam splitter of the sender; the output end of the second beam splitter of the sender is the output end of the sender and is connected with the detector through a quantum channel; the receiving side pulse laser, the receiving side first amplitude modulator and the receiving side first beam splitter are sequentially connected in series; the first output end of the first beam splitter of the receiving part is connected with the first polarizer of the receiving part, and the second output end of the first beam splitter of the receiving part is connected with the second polarizer of the receiving part; the first polarizer of the receiving party, the second amplitude modulator of the receiving party and the first phase modulator of the receiving party are sequentially connected in series; the output end of the first phase modulator of the receiving party is connected with the first input end of the second beam splitter of the receiving party; the second polarizer of the receiving party and the second beam splitter of the receiving party are sequentially connected in series, and the output end of the second polarizer of the receiving party is connected with the second input end of the second beam splitter of the receiving party; the output end of the second beam splitter of the receiving party is the output end of the receiving party and is connected with the detecting party through a quantum channel; the input end of the first detecting polarization beam splitter is the input end of the detecting party, the first output end of the first detecting polarization beam splitter is connected with the first detecting amplitude modulator, and the second output end of the first detecting polarization beam splitter is connected with the second detecting polarization beam splitter; the output end of the first amplitude modulator is connected with the first input end of the first beam splitter; the first output end of the detection side second polarization beam splitter is connected with the input end of the detection side second beam splitter, and the second output end of the detection side second polarization beam splitter is connected with the input end of the detection side first phase modulator; the output end of the first phase modulator of the detection side is connected with the second input end of the first beam splitter of the detection side; the output end of the first beam splitter connected with the detection side is connected with the first input end of the homodyne detector of the detection side; the output end of the detection square second beam splitter is connected with the second input end of the detection square homodyne detector; the output end of the detection side homodyne detector is connected with the detection side data processor; the sender generates pulse coherent light through a sender pulse laser, and the pulse coherent light is transmitted to a sender first beam splitter after being subjected to amplitude modulation through a sender first amplitude modulator; the first beam splitter of the sending party divides the received signal into two beams of optical signals: the first path of optical signal is polarized by a second polarizer of the sender and then sent to a second beam splitter of the sender; the other path of optical signal is polarized through the first polarizer of the sender, then amplitude modulation is carried out through the second amplitude modulator of the sender again, and the phase of the first phase modulator of the sender is modulated and then sent to the second beam splitter of the sender; the second beam splitter of the sender combines the received two optical signals and sends the combined optical signals to the detector through a quantum channel; the receiving party generates pulse coherent light through a receiving party pulse laser, and the pulse coherent light is transmitted to a receiving party first beam splitter after being subjected to amplitude modulation through a receiving party first amplitude modulator; the first beam splitter at the receiving side divides the received signal into two optical signals: one path of optical signal is transmitted into a second beam splitter of a receiving party after being polarized by a second polarizer of the receiving party; the other path of optical signal is polarized through the first polarizer of the receiving party, then is subjected to amplitude modulation through the second amplitude modulator of the receiving party again, and is sent to the second beam splitter of the receiving party after being subjected to phase modulation through the first phase modulator of the receiving party; the second beam splitter of the receiving party combines the received two optical signals and sends the combined optical signals to the detecting party through a quantum channel; after receiving the signals uploaded by the sender and the receiver, the detector divides the received signals into two beams of optical signals through a first polarization beam splitter of the detector: the first beam of optical signals are subjected to amplitude modulation through a first amplitude modulator on the detection side and then uploaded to a first beam splitter on the detection side; the other light signal is divided into two beams of light again through a second polarization beam splitter at the detection side: the first beam sub-optical signal is sent into a first beam splitter of a detection party after being phase-modulated by a first phase modulator of the detection party; the other beam of sub-optical signals passes through a second beam splitter of the detection party and then is sent to a homodyne detector of the detection party; the first beam splitter on the detection side combines the two received signals and uploads the signals to a homodyne detector on the detection side; and the detection side homodyne detector uploads a detection result to the detection side data processor for subsequent processing after homodyne detection is carried out on the received signal.
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