CN106148868B - 一种热浸镀铝用新型助镀剂及其使用方法 - Google Patents
一种热浸镀铝用新型助镀剂及其使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005269 aluminizing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 20
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- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 15
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- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 12
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- NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[K+] NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 7
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
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- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- KMWBBMXGHHLDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [AlH3].[Si] Chemical compound [AlH3].[Si] KMWBBMXGHHLDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910000680 Aluminized steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000632 Alusil Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018520 Al—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910020148 K2ZrF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001515 alkali metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical compound [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001626 barium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
- C23C2/12—Aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供一种热浸镀铝用新型助镀剂及其使用方法,适用于热浸镀纯铝及热浸镀铝硅合金,并且助镀后盐膜均匀、干燥时间短,浸镀时无烟尘,镀层表面质量好。本发明的技术方案如下:每升助镀溶液的配比成分为KF:100~120g,KCl:30~40g,NaCl:20~40g,SnCl2:60~80g,其余为水。使用该水溶性助镀剂之前,需将工件在70~80℃的15‑25%NaOH溶液中碱洗除油,经过水洗后,在常温的15‑20%左右的HCl溶液中酸洗除锈,再经过1分钟流动水洗后,将工件浸入新型助镀剂中助镀处理,助镀溶液的温度控制在60~80℃范围内,最后将助镀后的工件置于60~100℃的烘干箱内烘干。该助镀剂的特点是:助镀剂各成分不发生化学反应;对基体无腐蚀;可以形成完整的盐膜有效地保护基体;清除熔池表面氧化物;分解产物不进入熔池;成本低廉。
Description
技术领域
本发明提供一种热浸镀铝用新型助镀剂及其使用方法,属于钢铁材料表面镀覆工艺技术领域。
背景技术
热浸镀铝钢材在浸镀前除了一般的表面清洗技术外,最为关键的一道工序即为熔剂助镀处理。目前为止,许多国家均采用这种方法进行批量热浸镀铝。助镀处理的过程不仅会直接影响镀层的质量,还会对镀层的耐腐蚀性能及能耗等有较大的影响。助镀剂在热浸镀铝浸镀前的主要作用有:清除酸洗后工件表面残留的铁盐;与熔融铝在接触瞬间先反应生成界面活性产物,以有利于快速剥离镀件表面氧化膜,同时提高镀件表面活性;能够在钢基表面形成连续的氧化膜,防止工件的二次氧化;降低表面张力、提高铝液在镀件表面浸润性,起到助镀的作用。
助镀剂自身应该具有以下这些性质:助镀剂不仅自身应该具备成分稳定等良好的性能,此外还需有能在基体表面形成完整且无孔隙的保护膜,浸铝时能立即从基体表面脱除,对出现的一些氧化物有吸附溶解作用,助镀剂各成分间不发生相互反应,对铝液无污染,分解产物不进入铝浴中,不污染环境等性能。因此,助镀剂的选择主要以氯化物和氟化物为主,氯化物的添加可选择NaCl,KCl,AlCl3,CaCl2,SnCl2,BaCl2等,氟化物主要为碱金属氟化物(如KF,NaF等)或氟化物复合盐(如Na3AlF6,K2ZrF6等),但不论是氯化物或氟化物的添加量都需考虑其在水中的溶解度。常用的传统助镀剂,即氯化锌与氯化铵的混合溶液,由于在热浸镀铝时熔融铝的表面张力大,助镀剂中的氯化铵受热挥发产生的气泡短时间难以脱离工件表面致使镀层质量下降,容易产生气泡、漏镀、结瘤等缺陷。
除了上述几种较为典型的氯化物与氟化物之外,还可以向助镀剂中添加某些有机物,以促进助镀剂的挥发,改善镀层的质量。但是由于成本及环保等综合因素,并未得到广泛的应用。本研究通过正交试验,确定了一种新型助镀剂配方及相应的助镀工艺参数,该助镀剂浸镀时无烟尘,助镀后表面盐膜均匀、致密、干燥时间短,浸镀后可获得表面质量较高的纯铝镀层及铝硅合金镀层。
发明内容
本发明旨在克服现有的助镀工艺的某些不足,提供一种新型的助镀剂及其使用方法。使用该助镀剂后,能够在工件表面形成均匀、致密的盐膜,增强盐膜的稳定性;防止工件的二次氧化;并且能够大大缩短盐膜干燥时间;浸镀过程中无烟尘,能够改善生产环境;浸镀后,能够提高镀层的表面质量。
本发明采用无机盐作为助镀溶液的主要成分,利用各氟化物与氯化物之间不同的作用机理,研制出以KF为主的助镀剂配方为:KF:100~120g/L,KCl:30~40g/L,NaCl:20~40g/L,SnCl2:60~80g/L,其余为水。
该助镀剂的各种成分的作用机理如下:
(1) 氟化钾
KF在水中的溶解度很大,0℃~20℃时饱和溶解度为30.9%~48.7%,其水溶液在基体表面附着均匀,能够形成一层完整的盐膜,此外KF能够溶解铝液中的A12O3,大大提高镀层的质量,因此可以作为助镀剂配方中主要的添加剂。通过试验表明,KF的浓度在100~120g/L为宜。
(2) 氯化钾
KCl的加入能够增加溶液中钾、氯的含量,可以减少烟尘的产生,因此可以减少对环境的危害,但加入量不宜过多。因此其加入量控制在30~40g/L较合适。
(3) 氯化钠
NaCl加入能够增加溶液中氯的含量,并且可以使得盐膜容易干透,也可以减少烟尘的产生,但加入的量过多,会产生点状结瘤、漏镀等缺陷。所以NaCl的加入量为20~40g/L为宜。
(4) 氯化亚锡
加入适当的SnCl2的目的是使Sn元素与钢基表面的铁发生置换反应,在钢基表面析出一层连续的Sn膜,从而得到无缺陷的镀层。但是SnCl2在水中的溶解度也有限,因此其加入量控制在60~80g/L。
本发明的热浸镀铝用助镀剂的使用方法为:使用前先将工件置于15%~25%的70℃~80℃NaOH溶液中进行碱洗除油,然后水洗后将工件置于常温下15~20%的HCl溶液进行酸洗除锈,再经水洗后将工件浸入新型助镀剂中助镀处理,助镀溶液温度控制在60℃~80℃范围内,最后将助镀处理后的工件置于60℃~100℃温度环境下干燥或烘干。
附图说明
图1 (a) (b) 分别为经实施例1新型助镀工艺后,在700℃浸镀150s获得的纯铝镀层表面形貌及截面组织;从图中可以看出镀层表面平整、光滑,有金属光泽,无漏镀等缺陷。从显微组织可以看出,镀层分为明显的两层,一层为基体界面层上形成了连续致密的呈舌状的金属间化合物层,另一层为纯铝层,无组织缺陷。而(c) 为常用助镀工艺处理后的镀层表面形貌,表面有漏镀,结瘤等缺陷;(d) 为超过本发明助镀剂范围内的新型助镀剂配方工艺处理后的镀层表面形貌,表面有针孔状的漏镀及少量不平整。
图2为经实施例2新型助镀剂后,在700℃浸镀150s获得的纯铝镀层表面形貌及截面组织;从图中可以看出镀层表面平整、光滑,有金属光泽,无漏镀等缺陷。从显微组织可以看出,镀层分为明显的两层,一层为基体界面层上形成了连续致密的呈舌状的金属间化合物层,另一层为纯铝层,无组织缺陷。经过该浓度的助镀溶液处理后的镀层组织与实例1相比,几乎没有变化。
图3 (c) (d) 分别为经实例3中新型助镀剂工艺处理后热浸镀获得的铝硅镀层表面形貌及截面组织。对比 (a) (b) 中常用助镀剂工艺处理后的铝硅镀层的表面形貌及截面组织可见,两者形貌相似,镀层主要分为两层,一层为呈带状的金属间化合物层,另一层为Al-Si层,无组织缺陷。从图 (c) 可以看出,经新型助镀剂处理后的镀层表面质量仍然较高,表面平整光亮,无漏镀长瘤等缺陷。
具体实施方式
以下结合实例对本发明做进一步详述
实施例1:取氟化钾120g,氯化钾40g,氯化钠40g,氯化亚锡80g,加入1L水配制成助镀溶液,将该溶液加热至80℃,加热过程中搅拌均匀。将经过碱洗除油、酸洗除锈并冲洗过的尺寸为50×50×2mm的Q235钢片浸入助镀溶液中保持3min,再将Q235钢片从助镀溶液中提出,在温度为100℃的烘干箱中烘干1min,然后浸入纯铝熔池中进行热浸镀,浸入时未发生爆铝,熔池表面无烟尘产生,熔池表面有上浮的黑色氧化物;浸镀完成后将Q235钢片从熔池中缓慢提出后迅速水冷,发现钢材表面镀层平整均匀、无起壳、结瘤和漏镀等缺陷。
实施例2:取氟化钾100g,氯化钾30g,氯化钠20g,氯化亚锡60g,加入1L水配制成助镀溶液,将该溶液加热至60℃,加热过程中充分搅拌均匀。将经过碱洗除油、酸洗除锈并冲洗过的尺寸为50×50×2mm的Q235钢片浸入助镀溶液中保持3min,再将Q235钢片从助镀溶液中提出,在温度为60℃的烘干箱中烘干1min,然后浸入纯铝熔池中进行热浸镀,浸入时未发生爆铝,熔池表面无烟尘产生,熔池表面有上浮的黑色氧化物;浸镀完成后将Q235钢片从熔池中缓慢提出后迅速水冷,发现钢材表面镀层平整均匀、无起壳、结瘤和漏镀等缺陷。
实施例3:取氟化钾110g,氯化钾35g,氯化钠30g,氯化亚锡70g,加入1L水配制成助镀溶液,将该溶液加热至70℃,加热过程中充分搅拌均匀。将尺寸为50×50×2mm的Q235钢片经碱洗除油、酸洗除锈并冲洗后浸入助镀溶液中保持3min,再从助镀溶液中提出,在温度为100℃的烘干箱中烘干1min,然后浸入Al-5Si熔池中进行热浸镀,浸入时未发生爆铝,熔池表面无烟尘产生,熔池表面有上浮的黑色氧化物;浸镀完成后将Q235钢片从熔池中缓慢提出后迅速水冷,发现钢材表面镀层平整均匀、无起壳、结瘤和漏镀等缺陷。
Claims (4)
1.一种热浸镀铝助镀处理方法,其特征如下:
(1)碱洗除油:将15-20%的NaOH溶液加热至70-80℃,清洗工件表面;
(2)水洗:用蒸馏水清洗工件表面,除去残留的碱液;
(3)酸洗除锈:室温下,用15-20%的HCl溶液清洗工件表面;
(4)水洗:用蒸馏水清洗工件表面,除去残留的酸液和铁离子;
(5)助镀:将工件浸入助镀剂溶液中处理,助镀溶液温度控制在60-80℃范围内;
(6)烘干:将助镀处理后的工件置于60-100℃的烘干箱中烘干;
所述助镀剂溶液各成分配比如下:KF:100-120g,KCl:30-40g,NaCl:20-40g,SnCl2:60-80g,水1L;所述助镀剂由较低廉的无机盐组成,并以KF为主。
2.根据权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于助镀液的浓度为300-400g/L。
3.根据权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于助镀时助镀液的温度为60-80℃,助镀时间为2-3min。
4.根据权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于烘干时间为1-2min。
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