CN106132696A - 复合结构及其制造方法 - Google Patents
复合结构及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106132696A CN106132696A CN201580013503.5A CN201580013503A CN106132696A CN 106132696 A CN106132696 A CN 106132696A CN 201580013503 A CN201580013503 A CN 201580013503A CN 106132696 A CN106132696 A CN 106132696A
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Abstract
本发明提供一种具有由纤维增强塑料和金属材料制成的层合结构的复合结构,包含:由金属材料制成的基础构件;和由纤维增强塑料制成的增强构件,所述增强构件包含:第一增强部,和第二增强部,所述第一增强部由包含单向排列的增强纤维的纤维增强塑料制成,所述第二增强部由至少包含相对于第一增强部的增强纤维所排列的所述单向以相交方向排列的增强纤维的纤维增强塑料制成、并插入在基础构件与第一增强部之间,所述增强构件还包含热固性树脂,所述热固性树脂包括在与所述基础构件接合的接合位点中。
Description
技术领域
(相关申请的交叉引用)
本申请要求基于2014年3月13日于日本提交的日本专利申请号2014-050752的优先权,其全部公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
本发明涉及一种由金属材料和纤维增强塑料制成的复合结构及其制造方法。
背景技术
已知这些种类的复合结构及其制造方法例如如JP2010-149350A和WO2013-146900A中所公开。
引文列表
[专利文献]
[PTL 1]
JP2010-149350A
[PTL 2]
WO2013-146900A
发明内容
[技术问题]
本发明给出以下分析。
在这些种类的复合结构中,纤维增强塑料部分与金属部分之间的接合位点有着发生应变或层离的问题,特别是由于所述两个部分之间热膨胀系数的差异。本发明鉴于如上文所示例的情况等而作。
[问题的解决方案]
考虑到上文所述的情况,在第一个方面,提供一种具有由纤维增强塑料和金属材料制成的层合结构的复合结构,其包含:由金属材料制成的基础构件;和由纤维增强塑料制成的增强构件。所述增强构件包含:第一增强部,和第二增强部,所述第一增强部由包含单向排列的增强纤维的纤维增强塑料制成,所述第二增强部由至少包含相对于第一增强部的增强纤维所排列的单向以相交方向排列的增强纤维的纤维增强塑料制成并插入在基础构件与第一增强部之间。所述增强构件还包含热固性树脂,所述热固性树脂包括在与所述基础构件接合的接合位点中。
在纤维增强塑料中,在增强纤维的取向方向(后文可简称为“取向方向”)和与取向方向相交(通常垂直)的方向之间存在热膨胀量或冷却收缩量的差异。采用单向纤维增强塑料,所谓的“UD(单向)材料”,将产生膨胀或收缩的各向异性,具体取决于取向方向。在UD材料中,在与取向方向垂直相交的方向上的膨胀或收缩量将大于取向方向上的量。这样的各向异性将在接合位点处导致应变或层离。
在根据第一个方面的复合结构中,与基础构件接合的增强构件具有第一和第二增强部(层),并且在与基础构件接合的接合位点中包含热固性树脂,其中第一和第二增强部中包含的增强纤维的取向方向彼此相交。相应地,基础构件与增强构件之间的接合易于进行或牢固地进行,并且加热和冷却时增强构件的膨胀和收缩尽可能各向同性。因此,复合结构可取得UD材料在其取向方向上呈现的纤维增强性质,同时抑制接合位点处应变或层离的发生。
在一个优选的复合结构中,包含热固性树脂的第二增强部与基础构件直接接合。根据这样的优选配置,根据第一个方面的具有上述配置的复合结构通过容易或简单的制造过程产生。
在一个优选的复合结构中,包含热固性树脂的第一增强部与第二增强部直接接合。根据这样的优选配置,具有上述配置的复合结构通过容易或简单的制造过程产生。
在一个优选的复合结构中,第二增强部包含布构件,其中所述布构件中包含的增强纤维用作所述第二增强部的增强纤维。根据这样的优选配置,在布置于增强构件的基础构件侧上的第二增强部中,加热和冷却时的膨胀和收缩尽可能各向同性。因此,接合位点处产生的应变或层离被进一步抑制。
在一个优选的复合结构中,第一和第二增强部中的至少之一由碳纤维增强塑料制成。具有这样的配置的优选复合结构可具有上述有利特性。
在第二个方面,提供具有由纤维增强塑料和金属材料制成的层合结构的复合结构的制造方法,其包括:
(i)通过将第二增强部前体插入在基础构件与第一增强部前体之间来彼此层合所述基础构件、所述第一增强部前体和所述第二增强部前体,所述基础构件由金属材料制成,所述第一增强部前体由预浸料形成,所述预浸料由包含单向排列的增强纤维的纤维增强塑料制成,所述第二增强部前体由预浸料形成,所述预浸料由至少包含相对于第一增强部前体的增强纤维所排列的单向以相交方向排列的增强纤维的纤维增强塑料制成;和
(ii)加热通过所述层合产生的具有基础构件、第一增强部前体和第二增强部前体的层合结构。
在所述复合结构的一种优选制造方法中,层合包括:将包含固化前的热固性树脂的第二增强部前体与基础构件直接接合;和将第二增强部前体与包含固化前的热固性树脂的第一增强部前体直接接合;从而产生层合结构。
在所述复合结构的一种优选制造方法中,其中:
(i)层合包括:
(ia)设置具有板形状的第一和第二增强部前体于设置于一对模具中的一个模具中的基础构件和该一对模具中的另一模具之间;和
(ib)闭合该一对模具以形成上述层合结构,由此将所述第一和第二增强部前体成形为预设形状,并且其中
(ii)加热包括:
加热在闭合的所述一对模具中受热的所述层合结构。
在所述复合结构的一种优选制造方法中,第二增强部包含布构件,其中所述布构件中包含的增强纤维用作所述第二增强部的增强纤维。
在所述复合结构的一种优选制造方法中,第一和第二增强部前体中的至少之一由预浸料形成,所述预浸料由碳纤维增强塑料制成。
根据上述优选方法,上述优选复合结构通过容易或简单的制造过程产生。
附图说明
[图1]
图1为示意性平面视图,示出了根据一个示例性实施方案的复合结构的大致配置。
[图2]
图2为沿图1中的线2-2截取的示意性剖视图。
[图3]
图3为示意性局部放大视图,示出了图2的复合结构。
[图4]
图4为示意图,示出了根据一个示例性实施方案的制造方法。
[图5]
图5为示意图,示出了根据一个示例性实施方案的制造方法。
[图6]
图6为示意图,示出了根据一个示例性实施方案的制造方法。
[图7]
图7为示意图,示出了根据一个示例性实施方案的制造方法。
[图8]
图8为示意性剖视放大视图,示出了通过如图7中所示制造方法产生的复合结构。
具体实施方式
下文将结合附图描述一个示例性实施方案。另外,将在说明书结束处指出变型和/或变体,因为当此类变型和/或变体插入在示例性实施方案的描述中时将妨碍对连贯的一个示例性实施方案的描述的理解。
<复合结构的构成>
图1为示意性平面视图,示出了根据一个示例性实施方案的复合结构的大致配置。图2为沿图1中的线2-2截取的示意性剖视图。图3为示意性局部放大视图,示出了图2的复合结构。下文中将结合图1-3描述根据一个示例性实施方案的复合结构。
以如图2中所示的帽形(波纹板形状)形成如图1中所示具有预设纵向(平行于图中的上-下方向)的复合结构10。复合结构10具有通过将由金属材料制成的金属板坯料弯曲成上述形状所形成的基础构件11和包含CFRP(碳纤维增强塑料)并与基础构件11接合的增强构件12。因此,复合结构10具有由CFRP和金属材料制成的层合(接合)构造。
在本示例性实施方案中,假定复合结构10需要在纵向上具有增强。在复合结构10中,对于根据本示例性实施方案的该假定,增强构件12仅布置在需要预设强度的区域和该区域的相邻区域上,而不布置在其它部分上,例如垂直于纵向的宽度方向上的端部区域等。
增强构件12具有第一和第二增强部12a、12b。第一增强部12a(由CFRP制成)由所谓的UD材料构件形成,从而包含热固性树脂和单向排列的连续或长碳纤维(细丝)。为按着上述情况在纵向上增强复合结构10,第一增强部12a中增强纤维的取向方向在复合结构10的上述纵向上(例如,平行于上述纵向)排列。第二增强部12b(由CFRP制成)由布构件(材料)形成,从而包含热固性树脂和平纹编织增强纤维。在所述平纹编织增强纤维中,经纬纤维相对于复合结构10的上述纵向分别成大约45度地倾斜排列。
如图2和3中所示,第二增强部12b设置为插入在基础构件11与第一增强部12a之间。第一和第二增强部12a、12b彼此直接接合而无另外的粘合剂层。因此,增强构件12配置为在与基础构件11的接合位点中含热固性树脂。
<制造方法>
下文将结合图4-6描述具有上述构成的复合结构10的制造方法。
在下模具20即一对模具中的固定模具(外模具)上形成凹形部分,即腔穴21。下模具20具有内壁表面,所述内壁表面能够邻接基础构件11的外侧表面(与增强构件12接合的上述内侧表面的相反侧表面)。在下模具20内,沿腔穴21的内壁表面布置用于加热的加热器22。
在上模具30即一对模具中的可移动模具(内模具)上形成凸形部分31。凸形部分31分别具有与基础构件11的内侧表面相对应的形状。在上模具20内,沿凸形部分31的外壁表面布置用于加热的加热器32。
首先,如图4中所示,在下模具20中设置或布置金属组分的基础材料11。在上模具30和其中已设置基础构件11的下模具20之间设置第一和第二预浸料41、42,使得第二预浸料42夹在基础构件11与第一预浸料41之间。第一预浸料41由包含固化前的热固性树脂的UD材料构件制成,作为本发明的第一增强部(12a)前体。第二预浸料42由包含固化前的热固性树脂的布构件形成,作为本发明的第二增强部(12b)前体。
其次,如图5中所示,上下模具20、30彼此闭合。由此,第一和第二预浸料41、42被层合到基础构件11上并成形为顺应基础构件11的内表面轮廓的帽形。此过程称为“层合过程”。
接下来,在如图5中所示的状态中,第一和第二预浸料41、42与基础构件11的层合结构使用加热器22、32在预设温度下加热预设的时间。此过程称为“加热过程”。由此进行第一和第二预浸料41、42中包含的热固性树脂的固化反应,使得形成第一和第二增强部12a、12b,并且第一和第二增强部12a、12b与基础构件11以此顺序牢固地彼此接合和层合。其后,如图6中所示,打开上下模具20、30以允许从模具20、30取出所形成的复合结构10。
<操作和效果>
在根据本示例性实施方案的复合结构10中,与基础构件11接合的增强构件12具有第一和第二增强部12a、12b,其中第一和第二增强部12a、12b的增强纤维的取向方向彼此相交。相应地,加热和冷却时增强构件的膨胀和收缩尽可能各向同性。因此,复合结构10可取得UD材料构件在其取向方向上呈现的纤维增强性质,接合位点处应变或层离的发生被抑制。
特别地,在如本示例性实施方案中所述彼此接合包含热固性树脂的CFRP构件与金属组分的情况下,因制造工艺上的固化反应和因固化后的冷却所致的收缩以及复合结构10的成品在使用环境中的膨胀和收缩均是问题。关于这些问题,根据本示例性实施方案的配置,甚至在接合由包含热固性树脂的CFRP构件形成的增强构件12与由金属组分形成的基础构件11时,接合位点处的应变或层离也可得到令人满意的抑制。
在本示例性实施方案的复合结构10中,增强构件在与基础构件11的接合位点中包含热固性树脂。例如,将包含热固性树脂的增强构件12与基础构件11直接接合。根据上述配置,基础构件11与增强构件12之间的接合可很好地进行,即便不施加预处理来改善增强构件12向基础构件11上的粘附性(表面处理:例如,电镀、等离子体处理和喷砂等)或在基础构件11与增强构件12之间布置特殊的粘附层(接合层)。
此外,在本示例性实施方案的复合结构10中,包含热固性树脂的第一增强部12a与包含热固性树脂的第二增强部12b直接接合,并且第二增强部12b与基础构件11直接接合。根据这样的优选配置,具有上述配置的复合结构可通过容易或简单的制造过程产生。
另外,根据复合结构10及其制造方法,可同时进行基础构件11的形成过程和所形成的基础构件11与增强构件12之间的接合过程,从而有助于减少过程数并由此降低产品成本。
<变型>
接下来示例若干变型。在变型的以下描述中,结构和功能上与上述示例性实施方案的那些相似的组分构件将由与上述示例性实施方案的那些相似的名称和参考号表示。在上面的实施方案描述中出现的组分构件的描述可视情况适用,只要不包含技术不一致之处即可。当然,即便是变型也不限于下文描述的那些。上述示例性实施方案的构成和下文将描述的变型的构成完全或部分适用于适宜的组合中,只要不包含技术不一致之处即可。
本发明不限于上面描述的示例性实施方案的具体配置。复合结构10的形状不限于如上文所提到的帽形。例如,复合结构10可具有大致平板形状。此外,第一和第二增强部12a、12b不限于由CFRP构件形成。此外,第一增强部12a的取向方向可根据复合结构10的实际使用中产生的内应力或外应力的方向设置在相对于上述纵向倾斜预设角度的方向上,等等。
在第二增强部12b由布构件(由UD材料制成)形成的情况下,第二增强部12b配置为其中布构件中包含的经纤维或纬纤维大致垂直于复合结构10的上述纵向排列。有时候,可使用非平纹编织的增强纤维,例如斜纹编织增强纤维,作为包含在第二增强部12b中的增强纤维。
本发明不限于上面描述的示例性实施方案的具体制造方法。例如,第一和第二预浸料41、42可分开插入在上下模具20、30之间。有时候,第一和第二预浸料41、42可在插入上下模具20、30之间之前预整合或预接合。
第一和第二预浸料41、42可对应于增强构件12预成型。在这种情况下,成型的预浸料41、42可在闭合上下模具20、30之前与基础构件11一起设置在下模具20中。有时候,不是如图4中所示将基础构件11设置在下模具20中,而是可在第二预浸料42与下模具20之间插入用以形成基础构件11的金属坯料。在这种情况下,其后的闭模和加热(参见图5)可导致基础构件11和增强构件12的形成及同时两个构件11、12的彼此接合。
基础构件11的内表面可经过上述预处理,尤其是如果第二增强部12b由热塑性纤维增强塑料制成的话。在这种情况下,第一增强部12a常常也由热塑性纤维增强塑料制成。
使用由热塑性纤维增强塑料制成的第二增强构件12,可在基础构件11与第二增强部12b之间插入由固化前的热固性树脂制成的粘合剂板(热固性树脂前体板)。在这种情况下,第二增强部12b可经由由热固性树脂制成的粘合剂层123(自粘合剂板43形成)与基础构件11接合,如图8中所示。根据所述配置和制造方法,基础构件11与具有由热塑性FRP制成的第二增强部12b的增强构件12之间的接合可很好地进行,即便没有在基础构件11的内表面上的上述预处理。
当然,未特别提及的那些变型也涵盖在本发明的技术范围内,只要本发明没有被实质性改变即可。部分地构成用以解决本发明待解决的问题的措施及在操作上或功能上表达的那些部件,不仅包括上面在上述示例性实施方案和变型的描述中公开的特定结构和其等价物,而且包括可实施所述部件的操作或功能的任何其它结构。
上述专利文献的全部公开内容以引用方式并入本文。在本发明的整体公开内容(包括权利要求书)的范围内并基于本发明的基本技术概念,示例性实施方案的变型和调节是可能的。在本发明的范围内,各种所公开要素(包括每一权利要求的每一要素、每一示例性实施方案的每一要素、每一附图的每一要素等)的各种组合和选择是可能的。即,本发明当然包括本领域技术人员根据包括权利要求书和技术概念在内的整体公开内容可作的各种改变和修改。特别地,本文中公开的任何数值范围应理解为落在所公开范围内的任何中间值或子范围也被具体地公开,即便其没有被明确地述及。
参考符号列表
10 复合(混合)结构
11 基础构件(层)
12 增强构件(层)
12a 第一增强部(层)
12b 第二增强部(层)
20 下模具
21 腔穴
22 加热器
30 上模具
31 突起
32 加热器
41 第一预浸料
42 第二预浸料
43 粘合剂板
123 粘合剂层
Claims (10)
1.一种具有由纤维增强塑料和金属材料制成的层合结构的复合结构,所述复合结构包含:由金属材料制成的基础构件;和由纤维增强塑料制成的增强构件,其中
所述增强构件包含:
第一增强部,所述第一增强部由包含单向排列的增强纤维的纤维增强塑料制成,和
第二增强部,所述第二增强部由至少包含相对于所述第一增强部的所述增强纤维所排列的单向以相交方向排列的增强纤维的纤维增强塑料制成、并插入在所述基础构件与所述第一增强部之间,
所述增强构件包含热固性树脂,所述热固性树脂包括在与所述基础构件接合的接合位点中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合结构,其中
所述第二增强部包含所述热固性树脂,并与所述基础构件直接接合。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的复合结构,其中
所述第一增强部包含热固性树脂,并与所述第二增强部直接接合。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的复合结构,其中
所述第二增强部包含布构件,其中所述布构件中包含的增强纤维用作所述第二增强部的增强纤维。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的复合结构,其中
所述第一和第二增强部中的至少之一由碳纤维增强塑料制成。
6.具有由纤维增强塑料和金属材料制成的层合结构的复合结构的制造方法,所述方法包括:
通过将第二增强部前体插入在基础构件与第一增强部前体之间来彼此层合所述基础构件、所述第一增强部前体和所述第二增强部前体,所述基础构件由金属材料制成,所述第一增强部前体由预浸料形成,所述预浸料由包含单向排列的增强纤维的纤维增强塑料制成,所述第二增强部前体由预浸料形成,所述预浸料由至少包含相对于所述第一增强部前体的所述增强纤维所排列的单向以相交方向排列的增强纤维的纤维增强塑料制成;和
加热通过所述层合产生的具有基础构件、所述第一增强部前体和所述第二增强部前体的所述层合结构。
7.根据权利要求6所述的复合结构制造方法,其中
所述层合包括:
将包含固化前的热固性树脂的所述第二增强部前体与所述基础构件直接接合;和
将所述第二增强部前体与包含固化前的热固性树脂的所述第一增强部前体直接接合;
从而产生所述层合结构。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的复合结构制造方法,其中
所述层合包括:
将所述基础构件设置于一对模具中的一个模具中;
将具有板形状的所述第一和第二增强部前体设置于所述基础构件与所述一对模具中的另一模具之间;和
闭合所述一对模具以形成所述层合结构,由此将所述第一和第二增强部前体成形为预设形状,并且其中
所述加热包括:
加热在闭合的所述一对模具中受热的所述层合结构。
9.根据权利要求6-8中任一项所述的复合结构制造方法,其中
所述第二增强部包含布构件,其中所述布构件中包含的增强纤维用作所述第二增强部的增强纤维。
10.根据权利要求6-9中任一项所述的复合结构制造方法,其中
所述第一和第二增强部前体中的至少之一由预浸料形成,所述预浸料由碳纤维增强塑料制成。
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