CN106116618B - 一种低膨胀性复合陶瓷模具材料的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种低膨胀性复合陶瓷模具材料的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106116618B
CN106116618B CN201610462047.9A CN201610462047A CN106116618B CN 106116618 B CN106116618 B CN 106116618B CN 201610462047 A CN201610462047 A CN 201610462047A CN 106116618 B CN106116618 B CN 106116618B
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吴迪
高玉刚
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种低膨胀性复合陶瓷模具材料的制备方法,属于模具材料制备技术领域。本发明针对目前复合陶瓷模具改性过程中热膨胀系数较高,导致其使用过程中尺寸不稳,力学性能较差的问题,提供了一种通过稻草秸秆粉碎,碱浸提取纤维,随后混合碾磨进行填充,通过发酵形成微孔结构,随后煅烧制备得多孔碳纤维材料,在使用时,通过内部微孔碳纤维形成弹性改变,将其材料内应力,本发明制备的复合陶瓷模具材料热膨胀系数显著降低,相同温度下,较同类陶瓷模具材料降低10~15%,且断裂韧性可达7.8~9.0MPa·m1/2;且制备过程简单,绿色环保,对环境无污染。

Description

一种低膨胀性复合陶瓷模具材料的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种低膨胀性复合陶瓷模具材料的制备方法,属于模具材料制备技术领域。
背景技术
模具是现代工业中不可缺少的重要装备。目前,模具材料主要是各种模具钢,其次是硬质合金。模具钢强度虽高,但硬度低,耐磨性能较差,因而模具的使用寿命较低。八十年代以来,硬质合金以其良好的力学性能和耐磨性能在模具材料方面得到了广泛的应用,使得模具寿命大大提高。但是随着生产的飞速发展,合金钢模和硬质合金模的高温强度和耐磨性已经落后于实际生产的需要。新型陶瓷模具材料的研制开发是当前模具研究领域的重要内容,陶瓷材料在耐磨损、耐高温、抗氧化和耐腐蚀等方面具有模具钢和硬质合金无法比拟的优点,是制作模具的优良材料,很具有发展前景,陶瓷材料的价格昂贵,而且用于生产也缺乏经验,但随着科学技术的发展、制造工艺的改进以及用量的增加,成本必定会下降,应用也将日臻广泛,所以从长远观点来看,应着手进行先进陶瓷模具材料的研发很有必要。
目前结构陶瓷材料的研究很多,但应用于模具方面的陶瓷材料大多数局限于微米复合陶瓷材料,而纳微米复合陶瓷作为模具材料,目前尚属于起步研究阶段,其强韧化机理仅通过普通共混进行改性。从目前发展状况来看,纳微米复合陶瓷模具改性过程中热膨胀系数较高,导致其使用过程中尺寸不稳,力学性能较差的问题,所以制备一种低膨胀系数的陶瓷模具很有必要。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题:针对目前复合陶瓷模具改性过程中热膨胀系数较高,导致其使用过程中尺寸不稳,力学性能较差的问题,提供了一种通过稻草秸秆粉碎,碱浸提取纤维,随后混合碾磨进行填充,通过发酵形成微孔结构,随后煅烧制备得多孔碳纤维材料,在使用时,通过内部微孔碳纤维形成弹性改变,将其材料内应力,有效的解决了复合陶瓷模具改性过程中热膨胀系数较高,导致其使用过程中尺寸不稳,力学性能较差的问题。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用如下所述的技术方案是:
(1)选取稻草秸秆,将其洗净并晾干,随后将其粉碎制备得长为10~15mm的稻草纤维,再按质量比1:10,将稻草纤维置于1mol/L氢氧化钠溶液中,搅拌混合并置于55~60℃下水浴加热2~3h,随后停止加热静置冷却至室温,在室温下陈化10~12h;
(2)待陈化完成后,过滤并收集滤饼,用去离子水洗涤3~5次后,在65~70℃下干燥6~8h,制备得改性稻草纤维,随后按重量份数计,分别称量45~60份去离子水、25~30份玉米淀粉和25~30份改性稻草纤维于烧杯中,搅拌混合并密封发酵3~5天,待发酵完成后,过滤并收集滤饼,在100~105℃下干燥6~8h,制备得混合改性填料;
(3)按重量份数计,分别称量15~20份上述制备的混合改性填料、15~20份ZrO2、5~10份TiC和20~25份Al2O3置于球磨罐中,球磨3~4h后过筛,制备得100~120目混合粉末;
(4)按质量比1:3,将去离子水与上述制备的混合粉末搅拌混合,制备得混合浆料,随后将混合浆料置于模具中,密封发酵5~7天后,将模具置于65~80℃下干燥6~8h,随后脱模收集坯料,将其置于电阻炉中,按10℃/min缓慢升温至780~950℃,随后保温烧制1~2h,待烧制完成后,静置冷却至室温,随后碾磨过筛,即可制备得一种低膨胀性复合陶瓷模具材料。
本发明制备的复合陶瓷模具材料力学性能为抗弯强度可达810MPa、断裂韧性8.5MPa·m1/2、硬度为18.4GPa,膨胀系数在25~300℃下为8.5,在25~700℃下为9.2。
本发明与其他方法相比,有益技术效果是:
(1)本发明制备的复合陶瓷模具材料热膨胀系数显著降低,相同温度下,较同类陶瓷模具材料降低10~15%,且断裂韧性可达7.8~9.0MPa·m1/2
(2)本发明制备过程简单,绿色环保,对环境无污染。
具体实施方式
首先选取稻草秸秆,将其洗净并晾干,随后将其粉碎制备得长为10~15mm的稻草纤维,再按质量比1:10,将稻草纤维置于1mol/L氢氧化钠溶液中,搅拌混合并置于55~60℃下水浴加热2~3h,随后停止加热静置冷却至室温,在室温下陈化10~12h;待陈化完成后,过滤并收集滤饼,用去离子水洗涤3~5次后,在65~70℃下干燥6~8h,制备得改性稻草纤维,随后按重量份数计,分别称量45~60份去离子水、25~30份玉米淀粉和25~30份改性稻草纤维于烧杯中,搅拌混合并密封发酵3~5天,待发酵完成后,过滤并收集滤饼,在100~105℃下干燥6~8h,制备得混合改性填料;按重量份数计,分别称量15~20份上述制备的混合改性填料、15~20份ZrO2、5~10份TiC和20~25份Al2O3置于球磨罐中,球磨3~4h后过筛,制备得100~120目混合粉末;按质量比1:3,将去离子水与上述制备的混合粉末搅拌混合,制备得混合浆料,随后将混合浆料置于模具中,密封发酵5~7天后,将模具置于65~80℃下干燥6~8h,随后脱模收集坯料,将其置于电阻炉中,按10℃/min缓慢升温至780~950℃,随后保温烧制1~2h,待烧制完成后,静置冷却至室温,随后碾磨过筛,即可制备得一种低膨胀性复合陶瓷模具材料。
实例1
首先选取稻草秸秆,将其洗净并晾干,随后将其粉碎制备得长为10mm的稻草纤维,再按质量比1:10,将稻草纤维置于1mol/L氢氧化钠溶液中,搅拌混合并置于55℃下水浴加热2h,随后停止加热静置冷却至室温,在室温下陈化10h;待陈化完成后,过滤并收集滤饼,用去离子水洗涤3次后,在65℃下干燥6h,制备得改性稻草纤维,随后按重量份数计,分别称量45份去离子水、25份玉米淀粉和25份改性稻草纤维于烧杯中,搅拌混合并密封发酵3天,待发酵完成后,过滤并收集滤饼,在100℃下干燥6h,制备得混合改性填料;按重量份数计,分别称量15份上述制备的混合改性填料、15份ZrO2、5份TiC和20份Al2O3置于球磨罐中,球磨3h后过筛,制备得100目混合粉末;按质量比1:3,将去离子水与上述制备的混合粉末搅拌混合,制备得混合浆料,随后将混合浆料置于模具中,密封发酵5天后,将模具置于65℃下干燥6h,随后脱模收集坯料,将其置于电阻炉中,按10℃/min缓慢升温至780℃,随后保温烧制1h,待烧制完成后,静置冷却至室温,随后碾磨过筛,即可制备得一种低膨胀性复合陶瓷模具材料。
实例2
首先选取稻草秸秆,将其洗净并晾干,随后将其粉碎制备得长为12mm的稻草纤维,再按质量比1:10,将稻草纤维置于1mol/L氢氧化钠溶液中,搅拌混合并置于57℃下水浴加热2.5h,随后停止加热静置冷却至室温,在室温下陈化11h;待陈化完成后,过滤并收集滤饼,用去离子水洗涤4次后,在67℃下干燥7h,制备得改性稻草纤维,随后按重量份数计,分别称量52份去离子水、27份玉米淀粉和27份改性稻草纤维于烧杯中,搅拌混合并密封发酵4天,待发酵完成后,过滤并收集滤饼,在102℃下干燥7h,制备得混合改性填料;按重量份数计,分别称量17份上述制备的混合改性填料、17份ZrO2、7份TiC和22份Al2O3置于球磨罐中,球磨3h后过筛,制备得110目混合粉末;按质量比1:3,将去离子水与上述制备的混合粉末搅拌混合,制备得混合浆料,随后将混合浆料置于模具中,密封发酵6天后,将模具置于67℃下干燥7h,随后脱模收集坯料,将其置于电阻炉中,按10℃/min缓慢升温至850℃,随后保温烧制1.5h,待烧制完成后,静置冷却至室温,随后碾磨过筛,即可制备得一种低膨胀性复合陶瓷模具材料。
实例3
首先选取稻草秸秆,将其洗净并晾干,随后将其粉碎制备得长为15mm的稻草纤维,再按质量比1:10,将稻草纤维置于1mol/L氢氧化钠溶液中,搅拌混合并置于60℃下水浴加热3h,随后停止加热静置冷却至室温,在室温下陈化12h;待陈化完成后,过滤并收集滤饼,用去离子水洗涤5次后,在70℃下干燥8h,制备得改性稻草纤维,随后按重量份数计,分别称量60份去离子水、30份玉米淀粉和30份改性稻草纤维于烧杯中,搅拌混合并密封发酵5天,待发酵完成后,过滤并收集滤饼,在105℃下干燥8h,制备得混合改性填料;按重量份数计,分别称量20份上述制备的混合改性填料、20份ZrO2、10份TiC和25份Al2O3置于球磨罐中,球磨4h后过筛,制备得120目混合粉末;按质量比1:3,将去离子水与上述制备的混合粉末搅拌混合,制备得混合浆料,随后将混合浆料置于模具中,密封发酵7天后,将模具置于80℃下干燥8h,随后脱模收集坯料,将其置于电阻炉中,按10℃/min缓慢升温至950℃,随后保温烧制2h,待烧制完成后,静置冷却至室温,随后碾磨过筛,即可制备得一种低膨胀性复合陶瓷模具材料。

Claims (1)

1.一种低膨胀性复合陶瓷模具材料的制备方法,其特征在于具体制备步骤为:
(1)选取稻草秸秆,将其洗净并晾干,随后将其粉碎制备得长为10~15mm的稻草纤维,再按质量比1:10,将稻草纤维置于1mol/L氢氧化钠溶液中,搅拌混合并置于55~60℃下水浴加热2~3h,随后停止加热静置冷却至室温,在室温下陈化10~12h;
(2)待陈化完成后,过滤并收集滤饼,用去离子水洗涤3~5次后,在65~70℃下干燥6~8h,制备得改性稻草纤维,随后按重量份数计,分别称量45~60份去离子水、25~30份玉米淀粉和25~30份改性稻草纤维于烧杯中,搅拌混合并密封发酵3~5天,待发酵完成后,过滤并收集滤饼,在100~105℃下干燥6~8h,制备得混合改性填料;
(3)按重量份数计,分别称量15~20份上述制备的混合改性填料、15~20份ZrO2、5~10份TiC和20~25份Al2O3置于球磨罐中,球磨3~4h后过筛,制备得100~120目混合粉末;
(4)按质量比1:3,将去离子水与上述制备的混合粉末搅拌混合,制备得混合浆料,随后将混合浆料置于模具中,密封发酵5~7天后,将模具置于65~80℃下干燥6~8h,随后脱模收集坯料,将其置于电阻炉中,按10℃/min缓慢升温至780~950℃,随后保温烧制1~2h,待烧制完成后,静置冷却至室温,随后碾磨过筛,即可制备得一种低膨胀性复合陶瓷模具材料。
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