CN106084338A - 一种用于隔声降噪的软质高比重橡塑发泡材料 - Google Patents
一种用于隔声降噪的软质高比重橡塑发泡材料 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于隔声降噪的软质高比重橡塑发泡材料,由以下组分及重量百分比含量组成:橡胶15%~45%、塑料5%~20%、重质金属粉10%~30%、增塑剂3%~10%、稳定剂1%~5%、发泡剂1%~10%、硫化剂1%~5%、促进剂1%~2%和偶联剂1%~7%。与现有技术相比,本发明的软质高比重橡塑发泡材料既具有橡胶良好的弹性和塑料良好的粘滞性,又具有隔声质量作用定律所需的较高面密度和“泡孔阻尼”的附加作用,改善了传统隔声材料在共振频率和吻合效应下的隔声低谷,非常适合于各类声环境质量改善和噪声控制场所。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高分子发泡材料,尤其是涉及一种用于隔声降噪的软质高比重橡塑发泡材料。
背景技术
隔声材料被广泛应用到国民经济的众多领域中。关于隔声材料的研制已有几十年的历史,目前隔声材料存在的主要不足有:产品的成本高,大多为硬质材料,不易后续加工使用、隔声效果不理想等。
在隔声材料中,单层均质隔声材料的隔声性能遵循刚度控制、阻尼控制、质量作用控制和吻合效应控制的原则,即在不同的频率区段,隔声性能受材料的不同特性控制。中国发明专利ZL02157785.4,公开了一种用于隔声降噪的软质超高比重复合材料,该专利采用钨粉和热塑性塑料为原料,制成具有一定隔声性能的软质材料,但由于其阻尼性能一般,因此在实际使用中无法克服共振频率和吻合效应带来的隔声低谷。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是为了克服上述现有技术存在的缺陷而提供一种隔声效果好、性能优良的软质高比重橡塑发泡材料。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现:
一种用于隔声降噪的软质高比重橡塑发泡材料,由以下组分及重量百分比含量组成:
所述的橡胶选自丁腈橡胶、氯丁橡胶或三元乙丙橡胶的一种或多种混合物。
所述的塑料为热塑性塑料,选自聚乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氨酯或聚氯乙烯的一种或多种混合物。
所述的重质金属粉的粒径为100纳米~10微米,选自铁粉、钨粉或铜粉的一种。
所述的增塑剂选自邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、己二酸二辛酯或邻苯二甲酸二甲酯的一种。
所述的稳定剂选自三盐基硫酸铅、硬脂酸、硬脂酸锌、硬脂酸钡的一种或多种混合物。
所述的发泡剂选自偶氮二甲酰胺、偶氮二异丁脯、偶氮二异丁腈的一种。
所述的硫化剂选自硫磺、一氯化硫的一种。
所述的促进剂选自氧化锌、二硫化四甲基秋兰姆、N-环已基-2-苯骈噻唑次磺酰胺的一种或多种混合物。
所述的偶联剂选自单烷氧基三(二辛基磷酰氧基)钛酸酯、异丙基二油酸酰氧基(二辛基磷酸酰氧基)钛酸酯、异丙基三(二辛基磷酸酰氧基)钛酸酯的一种。
该橡塑发泡材料的孔腔为0.01~5mm。
该材料通过混炼、硫化和发泡模压而成型,既可以单独使用,也可以作为结构夹层复合使用。
与现有技术相比,本发明的软质高比重橡塑发泡材料既具有橡胶良好的弹性和塑料良好的粘滞阻尼,在原有阻尼的基础增加了“泡孔阻尼”作用和质量作用定律所需的较高面密度,为此具有较好的隔声性能。众所周知,橡胶具有大分子量的分子链,当发生硫化反应后,这些分子链进一步形成网络状结构,可使得材料任何部位所承担的载荷均匀传递给周围,而遍布网络结构中的塑料分子又通过本身良好的粘滞性进一步将振动转换为热能消耗,这是橡塑材料本身的阻尼隔声作用。而本发明材料除此之外,采用发泡工艺制备在原有材料阻尼的基础上又增加了“泡孔阻尼”作用。这是因为当声波入射到材料表面后,一部分反射,一部分以固体声形式进入材料,由于材料内部存在泡孔,当声波经过这些泡孔时,会在固体和空气界面发生多次反射、散射和折射现象,这些现象的出现大大降低了材料最终的声能透射,提高了隔声性能。此外,由于本发明材料还通过偶联剂将重质金属粉与橡塑材料的高分子链链接,不仅增加了材料本身的面密度,还能对材料内部传递的声波起到势能蓄积的作用。基于上述原理,本发明所制备的材料具有良好的隔声阻尼性能。
本发明除了具有良好的隔声和力学性能、阻燃性、防腐蚀、无毒、可施工性等特点外,所采用的制备工艺简单易行,容易规模化生产,非常适合于各类声环境质量改善和噪声控制场所。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。
实施例1
将各组分以下列配比在开炼机上混炼均匀,模压制成7毫米的软质发泡材料,其计权隔声量在32dB左右。
高分子聚合物:50%(聚苯乙烯:15%,丁腈橡胶:35%),铁粉(0.1微米):20%,单烷氧基三(二辛基磷酰氧基)钛酸酯:5%,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯:5%,硫磺:5%;偶氮二甲酰胺:9%;N-环已基-2-苯骈噻唑次磺酰胺:2%;硬脂酸钡:2%,三盐基硫酸铅:2%。
实施例2
将各组分以下列配比在开炼机上混炼均匀,模压制成6毫米的软质发泡材料,其与石膏板组成三明治结构,其隔声量在34~36分贝之间(具体各中心频率处的隔声量见下表所示)。
丁腈橡胶:35%;聚氯乙烯:20%,钨粉(10微米):30%,异丙基三羧基钛酸酯:1%,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯:3%,硬脂酸钡:0.5%,三盐基硫酸铅:0.5%;硫磺:4%;偶氮二甲酰胺:5%;N-环已基-2-苯骈噻唑次磺酰胺:1%。
中心频率[Hz] | 125 | 160 | 200 | 250 | 315 | 400 | 500 | 630 |
传声损失(dB) | 35.9 | 35.9 | 35.5 | 33.6 | 28.4 | 29.5 | 33.0 | 34.3 |
中心频率[Hz] | 800 | 1K | 1.25K | 1.6K | 2K | 2.5K | 3.15K | 4K |
传声损失(dB) | 34.3 | 35.6 | 39.7 | 36.4 | 36.7 | 39.3 | 42.2 | 46 |
实施例3
将各组分以下列配比在开炼机上混炼均匀,模压制成6毫米的软质发泡材料,具有良好的抗老化能力,其平均隔声量在30分贝左右,其隔声量如下表所示。
高分子聚合物:45%(氯丁橡胶:35%;聚氯乙烯:10%),铜粉(10微米):25%,单烷氧基三(二辛基磷酰氧基)钛酸酯:5%,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯:8%,硬脂酸钡:1%;硫磺:5%;偶氮二甲酰胺:5%;N-环已基-2-苯骈噻唑次磺酰胺:2%;硬脂酸锌:2%,三盐基硫酸铅:2%。
实施例4
将各组分以下列配比在开炼机上混炼均匀,模压制成6毫米的软质发泡材料,所测的密度为0.3-0.8g/cm3,其平均隔声量在29分贝左右,其隔声量如下表所示。
取三元乙丙橡胶:35%;聚氨酯:15%,钨粉(4微米):30%,硬脂酸钡:2%,硬脂酸:1%;氧化锌:3%;硫磺:5%;AC:5%;CZ:2%;硬脂酸锌:2%。
实施例5
一种用于隔声降噪的软质高比重橡塑发泡材料,由以下组分及重量百分比含量组成:橡胶15%、塑料20%、重质金属粉35%、增塑剂10%、稳定剂5%、发泡剂10%、硫化剂3%、促进剂1%、偶联剂1%,使用的橡胶为丁腈橡胶,塑料为热塑性塑料,本实施例采用聚乙烯,重质金属粉的粒径为100纳米的铁粉,增塑剂为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯,稳定剂为三盐基硫酸铅,发泡剂为偶氮二甲酰胺,硫化剂为硫磺,促进剂为氧化锌,偶联剂为单烷氧基三(二辛基磷酰氧基)钛酸酯。
将各组分以下列配比在开炼机上混炼均匀,模压制成软质发泡材料,该种材料的孔腔为0.01~5mm。
实施例6
一种用于隔声降噪的软质高比重橡塑发泡材料,由以下组分及重量百分比含量组成:橡胶45%、塑料5%、重质金属粉10%、增塑剂10%、稳定剂2%、发泡剂4%、硫化剂5%、促进剂2%、偶联剂7%。使用的橡胶为氯丁橡胶和三元乙丙橡胶的混合物,塑料为热塑性塑料,本实施例采用聚苯乙烯,重质金属粉的粒径为500纳米的钨粉,增塑剂为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯,稳定剂为硬脂酸锌和硬脂酸钡的混合物,发泡剂为偶氮二异丁脯,硫化剂为一氯化硫,促进剂为二硫化四甲基秋兰姆,偶联剂为异丙基三(二辛基磷酸酰氧基)钛酸酯。
该材料通过将上述组合物混炼、硫化和发泡模压而成型,制备得到材料的孔腔为0.01~5mm。
实施例7
一种用于隔声降噪的软质高比重橡塑发泡材料,由以下组分及重量百分比含量组成:橡胶40%、塑料20%、重质金属粉27%、增塑剂3%、稳定剂1%、发泡剂1%、硫化剂1%、促进剂2%、偶联剂5%。使用的橡胶为三元乙丙橡胶,塑料为热塑性塑料,本实施例采用聚氨酯,重质金属粉的粒径为10微米的铜粉,增塑剂为己二酸二辛酯,稳定剂为硬脂酸锌,发泡剂为偶氮二异丁腈,硫化剂为一氯化硫,促进剂为N-环已基-2-苯骈噻唑次磺酰胺,偶联剂为异丙基三(二辛基磷酸酰氧基)钛酸酯。
该材料通过将上述组合物混炼、硫化和发泡模压而成型,制备得到材料的孔腔为0.01~5mm。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于隔声降噪的软质高比重橡塑发泡材料,其特征在于,由以下组分及重量百分比含量组成:
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种软质高比重橡塑发泡材料,其特征在于,所述的橡胶选自丁腈橡胶、氯丁橡胶或三元乙丙橡胶的一种或多种混合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种软质高比重橡塑发泡材料,其特征在于,所述的塑料为热塑性塑料,选自聚乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氨酯或聚氯乙烯的一种或多种混合物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种软质高比重橡塑发泡材料,其特征在于,所述的重质金属粉的粒径为100纳米~10微米,选自铁粉、钨粉或铜粉的一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种软质高比重橡塑发泡材料,其特征在于,所述的增塑剂选自邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、己二酸二辛酯或邻苯二甲酸二甲酯的一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种软质高比重橡塑发泡材料,其特征在于,所述的稳定剂选自三盐基硫酸铅、硬脂酸、硬脂酸锌或硬脂酸钡的一种或多种混合物。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种软质高比重橡塑发泡材料,其特征在于,所述的发泡剂选自偶氮二甲酰胺、偶氮二异丁脯或偶氮二异丁腈的一种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种软质高比重橡塑发泡材料,其特征在于,所述的硫化剂选自硫磺或一氯化硫。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种软质高比重橡塑发泡材料,其特征在于,所述的促进剂选自氧化锌、二硫化四甲基秋兰姆或N-环已基-2-苯骈噻唑次磺酰胺的一种或多种混合物;
所述的偶联剂选自单烷氧基三(二辛基磷酰氧基)钛酸酯、异丙基二油酸酰氧基(二辛基磷酸酰氧基)钛酸酯、异丙基三(二辛基磷酸酰氧基)钛酸酯的一种。
10.根据权利要求1所述的一种软质高比重橡塑发泡材料,其特征在于,该橡塑发泡材料的孔腔为0.01~5mm。
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