CN106084199B - 一种环氧丙烷聚合用三元催化剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种环氧丙烷聚合用三元催化剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN106084199B
CN106084199B CN201610422737.1A CN201610422737A CN106084199B CN 106084199 B CN106084199 B CN 106084199B CN 201610422737 A CN201610422737 A CN 201610422737A CN 106084199 B CN106084199 B CN 106084199B
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魏强
杜大委
代红成
郭海军
李支文
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China National Offshore Oil Corp CNOOC
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种环氧丙烷聚合用三元催化剂及其制备方法和应用,所述的三元催化剂,以摩尔分数计,包括氢氧化钾0.1~0.5份,18‑冠醚‑6 0.1~0.5份,碱土金属氧化物或氢氧化物0.5‑0.9份。其中所述的碱土金属氧化物或氢氧化物选自氧化钙、氧化钡、氢氧化钙或氢氧化钡中任意一种。本发明的技术方案较好地解决了现有技术中聚环氧丙烷分子量低、分子量分布宽的技术问题,且制备简易、经济性好,可用于高分子量、窄分子量分布的聚醚型破乳剂的工业生产。

Description

一种环氧丙烷聚合用三元催化剂及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明涉及一种催化剂及制备方法和应用,特别涉及一种聚醚破乳剂工业中环氧丙烷聚合用的三元催化剂及制备方法和在聚醚型原油破乳剂生产中的应用。
背景技术
原油中含有的水对原油的生产、运输、炼制等过程具有极其不利的影响,因此必须通过脱水过程将含水降至可接受的范围之内。通过向原油乳液中添加以聚环氧乙烷聚环氧丙烷共聚物为主的聚醚破乳剂来达到原油脱水的化学破乳法是最常用和最有效的方法。合成聚醚破乳剂的方法通常是将含有活泼氢的化合物作为起始剂,在催化剂的存在下先后与环氧丙烷和环氧乙烷进行加成反应而得。其中,聚环氧丙烷段的分子量和分子量分布是影响破乳剂配方性能的重要因素。当前,在聚醚型原油破乳剂的生产中,从经济性和反应速率方面考虑,最常用的催化剂是碱性物质,如氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠、甲醇钾、乙醇钾、叔丁醇钾等。但以此类碱性物质作为催化剂催化聚醚破乳剂原料之一的环氧丙烷聚合时存在两个明显不足,一是所得聚合产物分子量较低,另一个是分子量分布较宽。这对于精确控制聚醚破乳剂配方是不利的。而在嵌段聚醚工业中,为了提高聚环氧丙烷和聚环氧乙烷的分子量,减小其分子量分布,人们开发了许多新型的催化剂。这些新型催化剂包括双金属氰化物类催化剂、磷腈类催化剂、金属氢化物催化剂、固体酸和杂多酸类催化剂、碱土金属复合物类催化剂和冠醚-碱金属复合物催化剂等,这些催化剂各有特点,在许多行业得到了广泛应用,但由于各种各样的原因-或对起始剂要求较高,或制备工艺复杂,或成本偏高,或需要改变聚醚原有工艺-很难在聚醚破乳剂工业中得到广泛应用。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中存在的问题,本发明提供一种环氧丙烷聚合用三元催化剂及其制备方法和应用方法,克服现有技术中环氧丙烷聚合时所得聚合产物分子量较低、分子量分布较宽的问题。
本发明采用的技术方案是:一种环氧丙烷聚合用三元催化剂,以摩尔分数计,包括氢氧化钾0.1~0.5份,18-冠醚-6 0.1~0.5份,碱土金属氧化物或氢氧化物0.5-0.9份。
所述的碱土金属氧化物或氢氧化物为氧化钙、氧化钡、氢氧化钙或氢氧化钡中任意一种。
一种环氧丙烷聚合用三元催化剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将相应摩尔分数的氢氧化钾和18-冠醚-6溶于重量为氢氧化钾和18-冠醚-6总重量的5-10倍的10%-95%的乙醇水溶液中,搅拌至完全溶解;
(2)在步骤(1)所得溶液中加入碱土金属氧化物或氢氧化物,搅拌至无明显块状物;
(3)所得分散液可直接用作环氧丙烷聚合用的催化剂,也可先除去分散液中的水和乙醇后再用作环氧丙烷聚合用的催化剂。
一种环氧丙烷聚合用三元催化剂在聚醚破乳剂合成中的应用。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明采用由氢氧化钾、18-冠醚-6、碱土金属氧化物或氢氧化物组成的三元催化剂催化环氧丙烷与含有活泼氢的起始剂进行加成反应,可以在保证经济性和反应速率的前提下,得到分子量大、分子量分布窄的聚环氧丙烷。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进行详细描述。
实施例不以任何形式限制本发明,凡采用等同替代或等效变换的方式所获得的技术方案,均落在本发明的保护范围内。
实施例1
催化剂制备:将0.28g(0.005mol)的氢氧化钾、1.32g(0.005mol)的18-冠醚-6加入到8g 10%的乙醇水溶液中,充分搅拌到完全溶解,加入0.77g(0.005mol)的氧化钡,继续搅拌至无明显块状物待用。
聚环氧丙烷制备:在2L的高温高压反应釜中投入29g的起始剂1,2-丙二醇,然后将前面制备的催化剂分散液搅拌均匀倒入反应釜中,密封反应釜,用氮气置换反应釜中气氛三次,开启搅拌,升温到80℃,在-0.09MPa的压力下真空处理30min,然后升温到130℃-140℃之间并维持此温度范围,缓缓通入环氧丙烷,通过控制环氧丙烷加料速率保持反应压力小于0.3MPa,当通入的环氧丙烷量达到971g时停止进料,并130℃-140℃之间继续反应至压力小于-0.08MPa,将温度降至60℃,加入适量乙酸中和,冷却至室温即得聚环氧丙烷。
对比样制备:在2L的高温高压反应釜中投入29g的起始剂1,2-丙二醇和2.40g的催化剂氢氧化钾,密封反应釜,用氮气置换反应釜中气氛三次,开启搅拌,升温到80℃,在-0.09MPa的压力下真空处理30min,然后升温到130℃-140℃之间并维持此温度范围,缓缓通入环氧丙烷,通过控制环氧丙烷加料速率保持反应压力小于0.3MPa,当通入的环氧丙烷量达到971g时停止进料,并130℃-140℃之间继续反应至压力小于-0.08MPa,将温度降至60℃,加入适量乙酸中和,冷却至室温即得常规催化剂制备的聚环氧丙烷对比样。
反应结果的对比见表1。
实施例2
催化剂制备:将0.17g(0.003mol)的氢氧化钾、0.79g(0.003mol)的18-冠醚-6加入到9.6g 95%的乙醇水溶液中,充分搅拌到完全溶解,加入1.51g(0.027mol)的氧化钙,继续搅拌至无明显块状物,然后将分散液用旋转蒸发仪蒸除溶剂乙醇和水,待用。
聚环氧丙烷制备:在2L的高温高压反应釜中投入29g的起始剂1,2-丙二醇,然后将前面制备的催化剂倒入反应釜中,密封反应釜,用氮气置换反应釜中气氛三次,开启搅拌,升温到80℃,在-0.09MPa的压力下真空处理30min,然后升温到130℃-140℃之间并维持此温度范围,缓缓通入环氧丙烷,通过控制环氧丙烷加料速率保持反应压力小于0.3MPa,当通入的环氧丙烷量达到971g时停止进料,并130℃-140℃之间继续反应至压力小于-0.08MPa,将温度降至60℃,加入适量乙酸中和,冷却至室温即得聚环氧丙烷。
对比样制备:在2L的高温高压反应釜中投入29g的起始剂1,2-丙二醇和2.47g的催化剂氢氧化钾,密封反应釜,用氮气置换反应釜中气氛三次,开启搅拌,升温到80℃,在-0.09MPa的压力下真空处理30min,然后升温到130℃-140℃之间并维持此温度范围,缓缓通入环氧丙烷,通过控制环氧丙烷加料速率保持反应压力小于0.3MPa,当通入的环氧丙烷量达到971g时停止进料,并130℃-140℃之间继续反应至压力小于-0.08MPa,将温度降至60℃,加入适量乙酸中和,冷却至室温即得常规催化剂制备的聚环氧丙烷对比样。
反应结果的对比见表1。
实施例3
催化剂制备:将0.34g(0.006mol)的氢氧化钾、1.58g(0.006mol)的18-冠醚-6加入到15g 25%的乙醇水溶液中,充分搅拌到完全溶解,加入2.38g(0.014mol)的氢氧化钡,继续搅拌至无明显块状物待用。
聚环氧丙烷制备:在2L的高温高压反应釜中投入29g的起始剂1,2-丙二醇,然后将前面制备的催化剂分散液搅拌均匀倒入反应釜中,密封反应釜,用氮气置换反应釜中气氛三次,开启搅拌,升温到80℃,在-0.09MPa的压力下真空处理30min,然后升温到130℃-140℃之间并维持此温度范围,缓缓通入环氧丙烷,通过控制环氧丙烷加料速率保持反应压力小于0.3MPa,当通入的环氧丙烷量达到971g时停止进料,并130℃-140℃之间继续反应至压力小于-0.08MPa,将温度降至60℃,加入适量乙酸中和,冷却至室温即得聚环氧丙烷。
对比样制备:在2L的高温高压反应釜中投入29g的起始剂1,2-丙二醇和4.32g的催化剂氢氧化钾,密封反应釜,用氮气置换反应釜中气氛三次,开启搅拌,升温到80℃,在-0.09MPa的压力下真空处理30min,然后升温到130℃-140℃之间并维持此温度范围,缓缓通入环氧丙烷,通过控制环氧丙烷加料速率保持反应压力小于0.3MPa,当通入的环氧丙烷量达到971g时停止进料,并130℃-140℃之间继续反应至压力小于-0.08MPa,将温度降至60℃,加入适量乙酸中和,冷却至室温即得常规催化剂制备的聚环氧丙烷对比样。
反应结果的对比见表1。
实施例4
催化剂制备:将0.34g(0.006mol)的氢氧化钾、1.58g(0.006mol)的18-冠醚-6加入到15g 50%的乙醇水溶液中,充分搅拌到完全溶解,加入1.18g(0.016mol)的氢氧化钙,继续搅拌至无明显块状物待用。
聚环氧丙烷制备:在2L的高温高压反应釜中投入29g的起始剂四乙烯五胺,然后将前面制备的催化剂分散液搅拌均匀倒入反应釜中,密封反应釜,用氮气置换反应釜中气氛三次,开启搅拌,升温到80℃,在-0.09MPa的压力下真空处理30min,然后升温到130℃-140℃之间并维持此温度范围,缓缓通入环氧丙烷,通过控制环氧丙烷加料速率保持反应压力小于0.3MPa,当通入的环氧丙烷量达到971g时停止进料,并130℃-140℃之间继续反应至压力小于-0.08MPa,将温度降至60℃,加入适量乙酸中和,冷却至室温即得聚环氧丙烷。
对比样制备:在2L的高温高压反应釜中投入29g的起始剂四乙烯五胺和3.12g的催化剂氢氧化钾,密封反应釜,用氮气置换反应釜中气氛三次,开启搅拌,升温到80℃,在-0.09MPa的压力下真空处理30min,然后升温到130℃-140℃之间并维持此温度范围,缓缓通入环氧丙烷,通过控制环氧丙烷加料速率保持反应压力小于0.3MPa,当通入的环氧丙烷量达到971g时停止进料,并130℃-140℃之间继续反应至压力小于-0.08MPa,将温度降至60℃,加入适量乙酸中和,冷却至室温即得常规催化剂制备的聚环氧丙烷对比样。
反应结果的对比见表1。
表1
*GPC测试数据
从表1中实施例1-4的“本发明催化剂制备样”与“对比样”的比较可以看出:与传统氢氧化钾催化剂相比,本发明的催化剂制备的聚环氧丙烷分子量增大、分子量分布变窄;而且虽然部分实施例中本发明制备的催化剂在催化环氧丙烷聚合时反应速率有所降低,但降低程度不大,基本上与传统氢氧化钾催化剂的催化速率在同一个水平。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (4)

1.一种环氧丙烷聚合用三元催化剂,其特征在于,以摩尔份数计,包括氢氧化钾0.1~0.5份,18-冠醚-6 0.1~0.5份,碱土金属氧化物或氢氧化物0.5-0.9份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种环氧丙烷聚合用三元催化剂,其特征在于所述的碱土金属氧化物或氢氧化物为氧化钙、氧化钡、氢氧化钙或氢氧化钡中任意一种。
3.根据权利要求1-2任意一项权利要求所述的环氧丙烷聚合用三元催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)将相应摩尔分数的氢氧化钾和18-冠醚-6溶于重量为氢氧化钾和18-冠醚-6总重量的5-10倍的10%-95%的乙醇水溶液中,搅拌至完全溶解;
(2)在步骤(1)所得溶液中加入碱土金属氧化物或氢氧化物,搅拌至无明显块状物;
(3)所得分散液可直接用作环氧丙烷聚合用的催化剂,也可先除去分散液中的水和乙醇后再用作环氧丙烷聚合用的催化剂。
4.权利要求1所述的一种环氧丙烷聚合用三元催化剂在聚醚破乳剂合成中的应用。
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