CN106077647A - A kind of laser gain material controls the method for fragility Laves phase during manufacturing nickel base superalloy - Google Patents

A kind of laser gain material controls the method for fragility Laves phase during manufacturing nickel base superalloy Download PDF

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CN106077647A
CN106077647A CN201610604775.9A CN201610604775A CN106077647A CN 106077647 A CN106077647 A CN 106077647A CN 201610604775 A CN201610604775 A CN 201610604775A CN 106077647 A CN106077647 A CN 106077647A
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gain material
laser gain
laser
laves phase
base superalloy
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CN106077647B (en
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宋立军
肖辉
李思萌
肖文甲
李言覃
成满平
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Hunan University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/31—Calibration of process steps or apparatus settings, e.g. before or during manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/32—Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber
    • B22F10/322—Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber of the gas flow, e.g. rate or direction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/20—Cooling means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40—Radiation means
    • B22F12/41—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam
    • B22F12/43—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam pulsed; frequency modulated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/90—Means for process control, e.g. cameras or sensors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of method controlling fragility Laves phase during laser gain material manufactures nickel base superalloy.First laser gain material fabrication process parameters is carried out initial optimization, uses cooling medium to base material bottom coohng；Use laser modulation technique that light source is modulated again, it is thus achieved that more excellent Laser Modulation parameter, square wave: peak power: 600～1000W, pulse frequency: 10HZ～100HZ, dutycycle: 0.3～0.6；Sawtooth waveforms: crest 600～1200W, trough 0W, pulse frequency: 10HZ～100HZ；Sinusoidal wave parameter is: crest 600～1000W, trough 0W, pulse frequency: 10HZ～100HZ；Finally carry out nickel base superalloy laser gain material manufacture by above-mentioned parameter to shape, it is thus achieved that there is whole tiny equiaxed dendrite tissue and the formation of parts of fine discrete Laves phase.The present invention passes through laser modulation method, can effectively control laser gain material and manufacture the pick-up behavior of Laves phase during nickel base superalloy, reduce laser gain material and manufacture the cracking sensitivity of part, improve microscopic structure.

Description

A kind of laser gain material controls fragility Laves phase during manufacturing nickel base superalloy Method
Technical field
The present invention relates to laser metal material processing field, particularly relate to a kind of laser gain material and manufacture nickel base superalloy mistake The method controlling fragility Laves phase in journey.
Background technology
Laser gain material manufacturing technology is a kind of technology combined with rapid prototyping by laser melting coating, owing to having material profit It is widely used in the quick shaping of part, reparation and surface modification etc. by features such as high, with short production cycle, the low costs of rate. Inconel 718 is a kind of precipitation strength type, containing Nb nickel base superalloy, because having good structure stability, solderability, height The very good mechanical properties such as temperature intensity, fatigue at high temperature, croop property and high-temperature oxidation resistance and be widely used in aviation The fields such as space flight, nuclear industry and energy source and power.It is exactly Nb element that laser gain material manufactures one of the most significant feature of nickel-base alloy The interdendritic of segregation and Laves phase separates out.But, the formation of the brittle intermetallic thing Laves phase lastness to drip molding Can be the most unfavorable.On the one hand, the precipitation of Laves phase can consume alloying element useful in matrix.On the other hand, fragility Laves Provide forming core and the vantage point grown up for crackle mutually, can be the shape of crackle under residual stress or other outer load stress effects Core and growth extension offer condition.The precipitation of Laves phase will cause the tensile property of drip molding, fracture toughness and fatigue behaviour to show Write and decline.And, coarse long chain Laves phase manufactures the hot tearing sensitivity of Inconel 718 alloy by increasing laser gain material. Therefore, it is necessary to control the pick-up behavior of Laves phase.
In recent decades, Chinese scholars is devoted to find the method effectively controlling Laves phase always.Qi et al. is by all Homogenize Technology for Heating Processing and completely eliminate the Laves phase produced in laser gain material manufacture Inconel718 alloy.But, although high Temperature homogenization heat treatment can eliminate as the effective method of one or reduce Laves phase, but will be Laves phased soln to Determine degree, just inevitably lead to the appearance of some new problems, as there is recrystallization, grain coarsening and shaping after heat treatment Part deformation etc..It is thus impossible to be completely dependent on subsequent heat treatment to process Laves phase problem, but by optimizing or improving processing Technique itself controls the formation of Nb element segregation and Laves phase.It is concentrated mainly on currently, with respect to the research controlling Laves phase Welding aspect.Radhakrishna et al. compares gas tungsten arc welding (GTA) and electron beam (EB) welding pool Microscopic structure, finds that electro-beam welding process has a bigger cooldown rate, thus reduce interdendritic Nb element segregation and The quantity of Laves phase.They are it was also found that reduce energy input in GTA welds, and the quantity of Laves phase will be suppressed.Ram Et al. in GTA welding procedure, use pulse-current technique, find that diffusion region Nb element segregation alleviates, the Laves of netted link Reducing mutually, aging response and stress crack significantly improve.Murthy etc. and GM Reddy etc. find to weld at 718 electron beams Middle employing electron beam oscillation technology can effectively reduce Nb element segregation, and obtains discrete, tiny Laves phase. Manikandan etc. find that control is welded fusion area Nb element segregation and the shape of Laves phase with recombination current pulse mode by helium One-tenth is useful.Being formed by changing curing condition based on the studies above, Nb element segregation and Laves phase is to be suppressed , as changed cooldown rate etc..
But, in laser gain material manufacture process, the research in terms of Nb element segregation and Laves phase control is more rare. Dinda et al. have studied the impact on element segregation behavior of deposition path and scanning speed, finds deposition path and scanning speed Element segregation behavior is not the most produced impact.Y.Chen et al. and Y.C.Zhang et al. have studied base material respectively and continues water-cooled And the impact that liquid nitrogen cooling is on laser deposition 718 alloy microscopic structure, find that improving base material cooldown rate can reduce Nb element Segregation and Laves phase are formed, but do not remove long chain Laves phase completely.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of laser gain material easy and simple to handle, that can quickly respond and manufacture nickel base superalloy The control method of Laves phase.Detailed process is as follows:
S1, laser gain material fabrication process parameters is carried out initial optimization, it is thus achieved that elementary laser increases manufacture process window, excellent Change parameter: average laser power is 300～800W, and scanning speed is 6～10mm/s, and powder sending quantity is 8-12g/min, spot diameter It is 1～2mm, carrier gas flux 10～12L/min；
S2, laser gain material manufacture process use cooling medium cool down bottom base material, reduce in forming process Heat accumulation；
S3, carry out nickel base superalloy laser gain material manufacture shape, LASER Light Source waveform modulated be square wave, sawtooth waveforms or Sinusoidal wave；Wherein, the parameter of square wave is: peak power: 600～1000W, pulse frequency: 10HZ～100HZ, dutycycle: 0.3 ～0.6；Sawtooth waveforms parameter is: crest 600～1200W, trough 0W, pulse frequency: 10HZ～100HZ；Sinusoidal wave parameter is: Crest 600～1000W, trough 0W, pulse frequency: 10HZ～100HZ；Acquisition has whole tiny equiaxed dendrite tissue and tiny Discrete Laves phase, thus reduce laser gain material and manufacture the cracking sensitivity of part, improve microscopic structure.
In described step S1, the laser gain material manufacture method used is: coaxial powder-feeding formula laser gain material manufacture method, or Lateral powder feeding formula laser gain material manufacture method.
In described step S2, described cooling medium is tap water, deionized water or liquid nitrogen.
In described step S2, described base material is carbon steel, rustless steel or nickel-base alloy.
In described step S3, use color comparator pyrometer that bath temperature is measured, and the temperature data gathered is entered Row computational analysis, the measurement of bath temperature and the concrete steps of data computational analysis include:
S3.1, being fixed two color comparator pyrometers, one of them pyrometer is from one-point measurement molten bath, sample side temperature Degree, another thermometer follows the motion of first of laser melting coating, the change of synchro measure molten bath transient temperature；
S3.2, color comparator pyrometer probe hot spot and the position correction at center, molten bath, color comparator pyrometer and laser melting coating head axle To in 15 degree of angles, and two color comparator pyrometer hot spots are less than the width of single track sedimentary；
S3.3, collection analysis temperature data, pyrometer frequency acquisition is designed as 1ms, after temperature acquisition completes, to temperature Data carry out smooth treatment, and the curve processed is carried out derivation, it is thus achieved that the cooldown rate of weld pool surface.
One aspect of the present invention can be greatly improved the cooldown rate in molten bath and (can reach 106～107DEG C/s), significantly improve Molten bath is supercool；On the other hand, periodic energy input will result in molten bath and the most quickly heats and quickly cool down.This two side The factor in face is incited somebody to action, and promotes the forming core of crystal grain；Thinning solidification structure；Suppression Nb element segregation, reduces Laves phase and is formed, and then obtain Obtain low volume fraction and tiny, the Laves phase granule of Discrete Distribution.The present invention not only solves laser gain material and manufactures nickel-base high-temperature The hot tearing problem caused owing to fragility long chain Laves phase is formed in alloy process, and can effectively reduce useful alloy Element segregation, thus reduce laser gain material and manufacture the cracking sensitivity of part, improve microscopic structure.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 uses conventional laser to increase the metallographic structure figure that material manufacture obtains；
Fig. 2 uses the metallographic structure figure that laser modulation method of the present invention obtains；
Fig. 3 uses conventional laser to increase the SEM figure that material manufacture obtains；
Fig. 4 uses the SEM figure that laser modulation method of the present invention obtains.
Below in conjunction with Figure of description and specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
S1, laser gain material fabrication process parameters is carried out initial optimization, it is thus achieved that elementary laser increases manufacture process window, excellent Change parameter: average laser power is 400W, and scanning speed is 6mm/s, and powder sending quantity is 8g/min, and spot diameter is 1～2mm, carry Throughput 10L/min；
S2, employing tap water cool down bottom nickel based substrate, reduce the heat accumulation in forming process；
S3, carry out nickel base superalloy laser gain material manufacture shape, LASER Light Source control select square wave, the parameter of square wave For: peak power: 600W, pulse frequency: 10HZ～100HZ, dutycycle: 0.6.
Fig. 2 is the metallographic structure figure using laser modulation method of the present invention to obtain；As can be seen from Figure 2 metallographic structure by The shaft-like dendrite composition such as tiny；Fig. 1 use conventional laser increase the metallographic structure of material manufacture acquisition by thick columnar dendrite Composition.Fig. 4 is the SEM figure using laser modulation method of the present invention to obtain, Laves phase fine discrete pattern, and uses in Fig. 3 and pass The Laves phase that system laser gain material manufacture obtains is thick long chain, illustrates the effectiveness of control method of the present invention.
Use color comparator pyrometer that bath temperature is measured, and the temperature data gathered is analyzed and cooldown rate Calculate.The measurement of bath temperature and the concrete steps of process include:
S3.1, being fixed two color comparator pyrometers, one of them pyrometer is from one-point measurement molten bath, sample side temperature Degree, another thermometer follows the motion of first of laser melting coating, the change of synchro measure molten bath transient temperature；
S3.2, color comparator pyrometer probe hot spot and the position correction at center, molten bath, color comparator pyrometer and laser melting coating head axle To in 15 degree of angles, and two color comparator pyrometer hot spots are less than the width of single track sedimentary；
S3.3, collection analysis temperature data, pyrometer frequency acquisition is designed as 1ms, after temperature acquisition completes, to temperature Data carry out smooth treatment, and the curve processed is carried out derivation, it is thus achieved that the cooldown rate of weld pool surface.
Embodiment 2
S1, laser gain material fabrication process parameters is carried out initial optimization, it is thus achieved that elementary laser increases manufacture process window, excellent Change parameter: average laser power is 400W, and scanning speed is 10mm/s, and powder sending quantity is 12g/min, and spot diameter is 1～2mm, Carrier gas flux 12L/min；
S2, employing go tap water to cool down bottom nickel based substrate, reduce the heat accumulation in forming process；
S3, carry out nickel base superalloy laser gain material manufacture shape, LASER Light Source control select sawtooth waveforms, sawtooth waveforms join Number is: crest 900W, trough 0W, pulse frequency: 90HZ.
Embodiment 3:
S1, laser gain material fabrication process parameters is carried out initial optimization, it is thus achieved that elementary laser increases manufacture process window, excellent Change parameter: average laser power is 600W, and scanning speed is 8mm/s, and powder sending quantity is 10g/min, and spot diameter is 1mm, carrier gas Flow 10L/min；
S2, employing liquid nitrogen cool down bottom nickel based substrate, reduce the heat accumulation in forming process；
S3, the laser gain material manufacture carrying out nickel base superalloy shape, and LASER Light Source controls to select sine wave, sinusoidal wave Parameter is: crest 700W, trough 0W, pulse frequency: 30HZ.

Claims (5)

1. the method that a laser gain material controls fragility Laves phase during manufacturing nickel base superalloy, it is characterised in that include Following steps:
S1, laser gain material fabrication process parameters is carried out initial optimization, it is thus achieved that elementary laser increases manufacture process window, optimize ginseng Number: average laser power is 300～800W, and scanning speed is 6～10mm/s, and powder sending quantity is 8-12g/min, and spot diameter is 1 ～2mm, carrier gas flux 10～12L/min；
S2, laser gain material manufacture process use cooling medium cool down bottom base material, reduce the heat in forming process and amass Tired；
S3, carry out nickel base superalloy laser gain material manufacture shape, LASER Light Source waveform modulated is square wave, sawtooth waveforms or sine Ripple；Wherein, the parameter of square wave is: peak power: 600～1000W, pulse frequency: 10HZ～100HZ, dutycycle: 0.3～ 0.6；Sawtooth waveforms parameter is: crest 600～1200W, trough 0W, pulse frequency: 10HZ～100HZ；Sinusoidal wave parameter is: ripple Peak 600～1000W, trough 0W, pulse frequency: 10HZ～100HZ；Acquisition have whole tiny equiaxed dendrite tissue and tiny from The Laves phase dissipated, thus reduce laser gain material and manufacture the cracking sensitivity of part, improve microscopic structure.
A kind of laser gain material the most according to claim 1 controls fragility Laves phase during manufacturing nickel base superalloy Method, it is characterised in that: in step sl, the laser gain material manufacture method used is: coaxial powder-feeding formula laser gain material manufactures Method, or lateral powder feeding formula laser gain material manufacture method.
A kind of laser gain material the most according to claim 1 controls fragility Laves phase during manufacturing nickel base superalloy Method, it is characterised in that: in step s 2, described cooling medium is tap water, deionized water or liquid nitrogen.
A kind of laser gain material the most according to claim 1 controls fragility Laves phase during manufacturing nickel base superalloy Method, it is characterised in that: in step s 2, described base material is carbon steel, rustless steel or nickel-base alloy.
A kind of laser gain material the most according to claim 1 controls fragility Laves phase during manufacturing nickel base superalloy Method, it is characterised in that: in step s3, use color comparator pyrometer that bath temperature is measured, and to the temperature number gathered According to carrying out computational analysis, the measurement of bath temperature and the concrete steps of data computational analysis include:
S3.1, being fixed two color comparator pyrometers, one of them pyrometer is from sample side one-point measurement bath temperature, separately One thermometer follows the motion of first of laser melting coating, and synchro measure molten bath transient temperature changes；
The position correction at S3.2, color comparator pyrometer probe hot spot and center, molten bath, color comparator pyrometer and laser melting coating head axially in 15 degree of angles, and two color comparator pyrometer hot spots are less than the width of single track sedimentary；
S3.3, collection analysis temperature data, pyrometer frequency acquisition is designed as 1ms, after temperature acquisition completes, to temperature data Carry out smooth treatment, and the curve processed is carried out derivation, it is thus achieved that the cooldown rate of weld pool surface.
CN201610604775.9A 2016-07-27 2016-07-27 A kind of method that fragility Laves phases are controlled during laser gain material manufacture nickel base superalloy Expired - Fee Related CN106077647B (en)

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