CN106077647B - A kind of method that fragility Laves phases are controlled during laser gain material manufacture nickel base superalloy - Google Patents
A kind of method that fragility Laves phases are controlled during laser gain material manufacture nickel base superalloy Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method that laser gain material manufactures control fragility Laves phases during nickel base superalloy.First laser gain material fabrication process parameters are tentatively optimized, using cooling medium to base material bottom coohng；Light source is modulated using laser modulation technique again, obtains more excellent Laser Modulation parameter, square wave：Peak power：600~1000W, pulse frequency：10HZ~100HZ, dutycycle：0.3~0.6；Sawtooth waveforms：600~1200W of crest, trough 0W, pulse frequency：10HZ~100HZ；The parameter of sine wave is：600~1000W of crest, trough 0W, pulse frequency：10HZ~100HZ；The manufacture shaping of nickel base superalloy laser gain material finally is carried out by above-mentioned parameter, is obtained with all tiny equiaxed dendrite tissues and the formation of parts of fine discrete Laves phases.The present invention can effectively be controlled the pick-up behavior of Laves phases during laser gain material manufacture nickel base superalloy, be reduced the cracking sensitivity of laser gain material manufacture part, improve microscopic structure by laser modulation method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to laser metal material processing field, more particularly to a kind of laser gain material manufacture nickel base superalloy mistake
The method that fragility Laves phases are controlled in journey.
Background technology
Laser gain material manufacturing technology is a kind of technology for being combined laser melting coating with rapid prototyping, due to material profit
It is widely used in Quick-forming, reparation and surface modification of part etc. the features such as high, with short production cycle, cost is low with rate.
Inconel 718 is a kind of precipitation strength type, nickel base superalloy containing Nb, because with good structure stability, solderability, height
The very good mechanical properties such as warm intensity, fatigue at high temperature, croop property and high-temperature oxidation resistance and be widely used in aviation
The fields such as space flight, nuclear industry and energy source and power.One of laser gain material manufacture most significant feature of nickel-base alloy is exactly Nb elements
The interdendritic of segregation and Laves phases separates out.However, lastness of the formation of weld metal zone brittle intermetallic thing Laves phases to drip molding
Can be very unfavorable.On the one hand, the precipitation of Laves phases can consume alloying element useful in matrix.On the other hand, fragility Laves
Forming core and the vantage point grown up mutually are provided for crackle, can be the shape of crackle under residual stress or other outer load stress
Core and growth extension offer condition.The precipitation of Laves phases shows the tensile property for causing drip molding, fracture toughness and fatigue behaviour
Write and decline.Moreover, coarse long chain Laves phases will increase the hot tearing sensitiveness of the laser gain material manufacture alloys of Inconel 718.
Therefore, it is necessary to control the pick-up behavior of Laves phases.
In recent decades, domestic and foreign scholars are directed to finding always the method for effectively control Laves phases.Qi et al. passes through equal
Homogenize Technology for Heating Processing and completely eliminate caused Laves phases in laser gain material manufacture Inconel718 alloys.It is however, although high
The heat treatment of temperature homogenization can be used as a kind of effective method to eliminate or reduce Laves phases, but Laves phased solns to one
Determine degree, just inevitably lead to the appearance of some new problems, as recrystallization, grain coarsening and shaping occurs after being heat-treated
Part deformation etc..It is thus impossible to subsequent heat treatment is completely dependent on to handle Laves phase problems, but by optimizing or improving processing
Technique controls Nb element segregations and the formation of Laves phases in itself.At present, the research on controlling Laves phases is concentrated mainly on
In terms of welding.Radhakrishna et al. compares gas tungsten arc welding (GTA) and electron beam (EB) welding pool
Microscopic structure, find electro-beam welding process there is bigger cooldown rate, so as to reduce interdendritic Nb element segregations and
The quantity of Laves phases.They in GTA welding, it was also found that reduce energy input, the quantity of Laves phases will be suppressed.Ram
Et al. use pulse-current technique in GTA welding procedures, it is found that diffusion region Nb element segregations mitigate, the Laves of netted link
Mutually reduce, aging response and stress crack significantly improve.Murthy etc. and GM Reddy etc. are had found in 718 electron beam weldings
It is middle that Nb element segregations can be effectively reduced using electron beam oscillation technology, and obtain discrete, tiny Laves phases.
Manikandan etc. has found helium with recombination current pulse mode to control welding fusion area Nb element segregations and the shape of Laves phases
Into being beneficial.Based on the studies above, it is to be suppressed that Nb element segregations and Laves phases, which are formed by changing curing condition,
, such as change cooldown rate.
It is however, more rare on Nb element segregations in laser gain material manufacturing process and the research in terms of Laves phase controls.
Dinda et al. have studied the influence of deposition path and sweep speed to element segregation behavior, find deposition path and sweep speed
Element segregation behavior is not had an impact substantially.Y.Chen et al. and Y.C.Zhang et al. have studied base material and continues water cooling respectively
And liquid nitrogen cools down the influence to the alloy microscopic structure of laser deposition 718, it is found that Nb elements can be reduced by improving base material cooldown rate
Segregation and Laves phases are formed, but do not remove long chain Laves phases completely.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide it is a kind of it is easy to operate, can quick response laser gain material manufacture nickel base superalloy
The control method of Laves phases.Detailed process is as follows：
S1, laser gain material fabrication process parameters are tentatively optimized, obtain elementary laser increasing material manufacturing process window, it is excellent
Change parameter：Average laser power is 300~800W, and sweep speed is 6~10mm/s, powder sending quantity 8-12g/min, spot diameter
For 1~2mm, 10~12L/min of carrier gas flux；
Base material bottom is cooled down using cooling medium in S2, laser gain material manufacturing process, reduced in forming process
Heat accumulation；
S3, carry out nickel base superalloy laser gain material manufacture shaping, LASER Light Source waveform modulated be square wave, sawtooth waveforms or
Sine wave；Wherein, the parameter of square wave is：Peak power：600~1000W, pulse frequency：10HZ~100HZ, dutycycle：0.3
~0.6；Sawtooth wave parameter is：600~1200W of crest, trough 0W, pulse frequency：10HZ~100HZ；The parameter of sine wave is：
600~1000W of crest, trough 0W, pulse frequency：10HZ~100HZ；Obtaining has all tiny equiaxed dendrite tissues and tiny
Discrete Laves phases, so as to reduce the cracking sensitivity of laser gain material manufacture part, improve microscopic structure.
In the step S1, used laser gain material manufacture method is：Coaxial powder-feeding formula laser gain material manufacture method, or
Lateral powder feeding formula laser gain material manufacture method.
In the step S2, the cooling medium is running water, deionized water or liquid nitrogen.
In the step S2, the base material is carbon steel, stainless steel or nickel-base alloy.
In described step S3, bath temperature is measured using color comparator pyrometer, and the temperature data of collection is entered
Row calculates analysis, and the specific steps that the measurement of bath temperature and data calculate analysis include：
S3.1, two color comparator pyrometers are fixed, one of pyrometer is from sample side one-point measurement molten bath temperature
Degree, another thermometer follow first motion of laser melting coating, the change of synchro measure molten bath transient temperature；
S3.2, color comparator pyrometer probe hot spot and the position correction at molten bath center, color comparator pyrometer and laser melting coating head axle
To in 15 degree of angles, and two color comparator pyrometer hot spots are less than the width of single track sedimentary；
S3.3, collection and analysis temperature data, pyrometer frequency acquisition are designed as 1ms, after the completion of temperature acquisition, to temperature
Data carry out smooth treatment, and carry out derivation to the curve of processing, obtain the cooldown rate of weld pool surface.
The cooldown rate that molten bath can be greatly improved in one aspect of the present invention (can reach 106~107DEG C/s), significantly improve
Molten bath is subcooled；On the other hand, periodic energy input will cause molten bath periodically quickly heating and quick cooling.This two side
The factor in face is incited somebody to action, and promotes the forming core of crystal grain；Thinning solidification structure；Suppress Nb element segregations, reduce Laves phases and formed, and then obtain
Obtain low volume fraction and the Laves phase particles of tiny, discrete distribution.The present invention not only solves laser gain material manufacture nickel-base high-temperature
In alloy process caused by the long chain Laves phases of fragility are formed hot tearing problem, and can effectively reduce useful alloy
Element segregation, so as to reduce the cracking sensitivity of laser gain material manufacture part, improve microscopic structure.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 uses the metallographic structure figure that conventional laser increasing material manufacturing obtains；
Fig. 2 uses the metallographic structure figure that laser modulation method of the present invention obtains；
The SEM figures that Fig. 3 is obtained using conventional laser increasing material manufacturing；
The SEM figures that Fig. 4 is obtained using laser modulation method of the present invention.
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with Figure of description and specific embodiment.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
S1, laser gain material fabrication process parameters are tentatively optimized, obtain elementary laser increasing material manufacturing process window, it is excellent
Change parameter：Average laser power is 400W, sweep speed 6mm/s, powder sending quantity 8g/min, and spot diameter is 1~2mm, is carried
Throughput 10L/min；
S2, using running water nickel based substrate bottom is cooled down, reduce the heat accumulation in forming process；
Square wave, the parameter of square wave are selected in S3, the laser gain material manufacture shaping for carrying out nickel base superalloy, LASER Light Source control
For：Peak power：600W, pulse frequency：10HZ~100HZ, dutycycle：0.6.
Fig. 2 is the metallographic structure figure obtained using laser modulation method of the present invention；As can be seen from Figure 2 metallographic structure by
The shaft-like dendrite composition such as tiny；The metallographic structure obtained in Fig. 1 using conventional laser increasing material manufacturing is by thick columnar dendrite
Composition.Fig. 4 is that the SEM obtained using laser modulation method of the present invention is schemed, Laves phase fine discrete patterns, and using biography in Fig. 3
The Laves phases that laser gain material of uniting manufacture obtains are in thick long chain, illustrate the validity of control method of the present invention.
Bath temperature is measured using color comparator pyrometer, and the temperature data of collection analyzed and cooldown rate
Calculate.The specific steps of measurement and the processing of bath temperature include：
S3.1, two color comparator pyrometers are fixed, one of pyrometer is from sample side one-point measurement molten bath temperature
Degree, another thermometer follow first motion of laser melting coating, the change of synchro measure molten bath transient temperature；
S3.2, color comparator pyrometer probe hot spot and the position correction at molten bath center, color comparator pyrometer and laser melting coating head axle
To in 15 degree of angles, and two color comparator pyrometer hot spots are less than the width of single track sedimentary；
S3.3, collection and analysis temperature data, pyrometer frequency acquisition are designed as 1ms, after the completion of temperature acquisition, to temperature
Data carry out smooth treatment, and carry out derivation to the curve of processing, obtain the cooldown rate of weld pool surface.
Embodiment 2
S1, laser gain material fabrication process parameters are tentatively optimized, obtain elementary laser increasing material manufacturing process window, it is excellent
Change parameter：Average laser power is 400W, sweep speed 10mm/s, powder sending quantity 12g/min, and spot diameter is 1~2mm,
Carrier gas flux 12L/min；
S2, using going running water to cool down nickel based substrate bottom, reduce the heat accumulation in forming process；
Sawtooth waveforms, sawtooth waveforms ginseng are selected in S3, the laser gain material manufacture shaping for carrying out nickel base superalloy, LASER Light Source control
Number is：Crest 900W, trough 0W, pulse frequency：90HZ.
Embodiment 3：
S1, laser gain material fabrication process parameters are tentatively optimized, obtain elementary laser increasing material manufacturing process window, it is excellent
Change parameter：Average laser power is 600W, sweep speed 8mm/s, powder sending quantity 10g/min, spot diameter 1mm, carrier gas
Flow 10L/min；
S2, using liquid nitrogen nickel based substrate bottom is cooled down, reduce the heat accumulation in forming process；
Sine wave is selected in S3, the laser gain material manufacture shaping for carrying out nickel base superalloy, LASER Light Source control, sine wave
Parameter is：Crest 700W, trough 0W, pulse frequency：30HZ.
Claims (5)
1. the method for fragility Laves phases is controlled during a kind of laser gain material manufacture nickel base superalloy, it is characterised in that including
Following steps：
S1, laser gain material fabrication process parameters are tentatively optimized, obtain elementary laser increasing material manufacturing process window, optimization ginseng
Number：Average laser power is 300~800W, and sweep speed is 6~10mm/s, powder sending quantity 8-12g/min, spot diameter 1
~2mm, 10~12L/min of carrier gas flux；
Base material bottom is cooled down using cooling medium in S2, laser gain material manufacturing process, reduces the heat product in forming process
It is tired；
S3, the laser gain material manufacture shaping for carrying out nickel base superalloy, LASER Light Source waveform modulated is square wave, sawtooth waveforms or sine
Ripple；Wherein, the parameter of square wave is：Peak power：600~1000W, pulse frequency：10HZ~100HZ, dutycycle：0.3~
0.6；Sawtooth wave parameter is：600~1200W of crest, trough 0W, pulse frequency：10HZ~100HZ；The parameter of sine wave is：Ripple
600~1000W of peak, trough 0W, pulse frequency：10HZ~100HZ；Obtain have all tiny equiaxed dendrite tissues and it is tiny from
Scattered Laves phases, so as to reduce the cracking sensitivity of laser gain material manufacture part, improve microscopic structure.
2. control fragility Laves phases during a kind of laser gain material manufacture nickel base superalloy according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that：In step sl, used laser gain material manufacture method is：Coaxial powder-feeding formula laser gain material manufactures
Method, or lateral powder feeding formula laser gain material manufacture method.
3. control fragility Laves phases during a kind of laser gain material manufacture nickel base superalloy according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that：In step s 2, the cooling medium is running water, deionized water or liquid nitrogen.
4. control fragility Laves phases during a kind of laser gain material manufacture nickel base superalloy according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that：In step s 2, the base material is carbon steel, stainless steel or nickel-base alloy.
5. control fragility Laves phases during a kind of laser gain material manufacture nickel base superalloy according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that：In step s3, bath temperature is measured using color comparator pyrometer, and to the temperature number of collection
According to calculating analysis is carried out, the specific steps that the measurement of bath temperature and data calculate analysis include：
S3.1, two color comparator pyrometers are fixed, one of pyrometer is from sample side one-point measurement bath temperature, separately
One thermometer follows first motion of laser melting coating, the change of synchro measure molten bath transient temperature；
S3.2, color comparator pyrometer probe hot spot and the position correction at molten bath center, color comparator pyrometer are in axially with laser melting coating head
15 degree of angles, and two color comparator pyrometer hot spots are less than the width of single track sedimentary；
S3.3, collection and analysis temperature data, pyrometer frequency acquisition are designed as 1ms, after the completion of temperature acquisition, to temperature data
Smooth treatment is carried out, and derivation is carried out to the curve of processing, obtains the cooldown rate of weld pool surface.
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| EP2840154A1 (en) * | 2013-08-21 | 2015-02-25 | MTU Aero Engines GmbH | Method for producing components from and with laves phases |
| CN104493152A (en) * | 2014-12-03 | 2015-04-08 | 沈阳工业大学 | Powder used for laser-cladding zinc corrosion resistant cobalt-based alloy and preparation technology for modified layer |
| CN105506615A (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2016-04-20 | 上海交通大学 | Method for controlling microstructure and hot crack sensibility of laser cladding coating |
| CN105543747A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-05-04 | 西北工业大学 | Preparation method of material increase manufactured nickel-based high-temperature alloy reserved with Laves phase |
| CN105695986A (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2016-06-22 | 上海交通大学 | System and method for repairing nickel-based monocrystal high-temperature alloy turbine blade tip |
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| EP2840154A1 (en) * | 2013-08-21 | 2015-02-25 | MTU Aero Engines GmbH | Method for producing components from and with laves phases |
| CN104493152A (en) * | 2014-12-03 | 2015-04-08 | 沈阳工业大学 | Powder used for laser-cladding zinc corrosion resistant cobalt-based alloy and preparation technology for modified layer |
| CN105506615A (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2016-04-20 | 上海交通大学 | Method for controlling microstructure and hot crack sensibility of laser cladding coating |
| CN105543747A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-05-04 | 西北工业大学 | Preparation method of material increase manufactured nickel-based high-temperature alloy reserved with Laves phase |
| CN105695986A (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2016-06-22 | 上海交通大学 | System and method for repairing nickel-based monocrystal high-temperature alloy turbine blade tip |
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