CN107685149A - A kind of method and device for improving laser gain material manufacture thin-wall part forming quality - Google Patents

A kind of method and device for improving laser gain material manufacture thin-wall part forming quality Download PDF

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CN107685149A
CN107685149A CN201710761416.9A CN201710761416A CN107685149A CN 107685149 A CN107685149 A CN 107685149A CN 201710761416 A CN201710761416 A CN 201710761416A CN 107685149 A CN107685149 A CN 107685149A
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laser
thin
wall part
deposition
liquid nitrogen
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CN107685149B (en
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王松涛
周建忠
徐家乐
何文渊
黄舒
孟宪凯
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Jiangsu University
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Jiangsu University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/20—Cooling means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
    • B22F12/53—Nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/003—Apparatus, e.g. furnaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40—Radiation means
    • B22F12/41—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a kind of method and device for improving laser gain material manufacture thin-wall part forming quality, device includes mobile platform system, laser metal deposition system, assisted forming system, Active Cooling System and central control system.When its manufacturing process is laser metal deposition system cladding forming thin-wall part, assisted forming system controls walled thickness and shaping direction in real time, when depositing multilayer thin-wall part, interlayer accumulation can be overcome to cause molten bath trickling problem, solve the problems, such as it is thin molded because interlayer deposition surface roughness is excessive, realize variable thickness face directly, the processing of curved surface thin-walled.Meanwhile Active Cooling System cools to sedimentary in real time.The present invention solve laser cladding forming surface quality is low, continuous multilayer deposition when because temperature elevated band carrys out the thick problem such as cause forming efficiency low with slow cooling of sedimentary thermal stress accumulation cracking, microstructure, realize the high quality of complex thin-walled member, efficiently shaping.

Description

A kind of method and device for improving laser gain material manufacture thin-wall part forming quality
Technical field
The invention belongs to laser gain material manufacturing technology field, and in particular to one kind improves laser gain material manufacture thin-wall part shaping The method and device of quality.
Background technology
At present, metal increases material manufacturing technology mainly includes electron beam silk material smelting technology, electron beam selective melting technology, swashed Light selective melting technology and laser cladding forming technology.Electron beam silk material smelting technology and electron beam selective melting technology are to environment Vacuum level requirements are high, formingspace is small, so as to limit the size of formation of parts, and for complicated fine, thin wall profile part, Because its arc column is thicker, forming accuracy is poor, and fineness, precision and the thin-walled degree of shaping are difficult not as good as laser cladding forming method To obtain the part finer and thinner wall than laser cladding forming.Selective laser smelting technology is that cladding is carried out in a manner of powdering, Powder using efficiency is not high, and the size requirement to formation of parts can not be excessive.And laser cladding forming technology is using powder feeding Mode carries out cladding forming, and powder using efficiency is high, and formingspace it is unrestricted can be applied to large scale, complex parts it is molten Shaping is covered, therefore, laser cladding forming technology has become the focus of current research.(referring to document：Huang C,Lin X, Liu F,et al.Effects of cooling condition on microstructure and mechanical properties in laser rapid forming of34CrNiMo6thin-wall component[J].The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2016,82(5):1269- 1279).The large thin-wall blade used on aero-engine, steam turbine, compressor, because its curve form is complicated, precision It is required that high, the traditional Milling Process manufacture of generally use at this stage, not only cost is sufficiently expensive, and manufacture efficiency is low, material Waste serious (referring to document：Gasser A,Backes G,Kelbassa I,et al.Laser Additive Manufacturing:Laser Metal Deposition(LMD)and Selective Laser Melting(SLM)in Turbo-Engine Applications[J].Laser Technik Journal,2010,7(2):58-63).And laser melts Three-dimensional digital model of the forming technique according to formed parts is covered, component is shaped by laser melting coating metal dust layer by layer deposition, Design, the cycle of manufacture are substantially reduced, and it is high without mould, stock utilization, have in terms of complex thin-walled member is manufactured wide Wealthy application prospect is (referring to document：Qiu C,Ravi G A,Dance C,et al.Fabrication of large Ti– 6Al–4V structures by direct laser deposition[J].Journal of Alloys&Compounds, 2015,629:351-361)。
Laser cladding forming technology, which has been applied to, manufactures some important heavy parts, but in miniature and thin-wall metal structure Problems are still had in the manufacture of part.Such as because the pool size of Laser Clad Deposition technique is generally 2-3mm, i.e., Make more ripe laser near-net-shape (LENS) technique at present, its minimum molten bath is also 1mm, the minimal characteristic of its formation of parts Size is 0.63mm, limitation be present (referring to document to the accuracy for shaping thin-wall part：Yao Bo, Ma Xulong, Ge Wenjun, wait laser Micro- cladding deposition formation TC4 thin-wall parts tissue and performance evaluation [C], national special process academic conference .2013).Secondly, laser Sedimentary exist interlayer overlap joint caused by concavo-convex peak, cause formation of parts surface quality relatively low, so, general laser cladding forming The thin-wall part of technique manufacture is required for can be only achieved requirement after reshuffling polishing.In addition, Chinese Patent Application No.： 201610408053.6 entitled " tilting thin-walled workpiece electric arc silk filling increasing material manufacturing method " point out to tilt thin-walled in accumulation single track During part, deposition interlayer may cause molten bath trickling problem because offset is excessive, reduce forming accuracy.The auxiliary of the present apparatus into Shape system, biplate ceramic block folding size and angle can be adjusted by high-accuracy mechanical arm, ensure laser deposition molten bath all the time The solidification forming in biplate ceramic block, molten bath dimension limit can not only be broken through the accuracy for shaping thin-wall part size is limited, carried The surface quality of high thin-wall part, and interlayer accumulation can also be overcome to cause molten by controlling walled thickness and shaping direction in real time Pond trickling problem.
In laser cladding forming thin-wall part, because part undergoes the periodicity, violent, non-steady of high energy laser beam for a long time State, circulating-heating, the accumulative rise of sedimentary temperature, cause very high part internal stress level, evolution and interaction process extremely Complicated thermal stress, phase-change organization's stress and the effect of constraint stress coupling and its stress concentration, easily cause thin-wall part warpage and Cracking is (referring to document：Wang Huaming high-performance large-scale hardwares laser gain material manufactures:Some material foundation problem [J] aviations Journal, 2014,35 (10):2690-2698), so, sedimentary cooling is handled in time, very must to improving quality of cladding layer Will.Active Cooling System in the present apparatus carries out real-time active cooling by positioning injection liquid nitrogen to Laser Clad Deposition layer, no Be only capable of effectively solving the thermal stress accumulation problems of crack that sedimentary temperature elevated band is come, and liquid nitrogen cooling can be greatly improved it is molten Pond cooldown rate and setting rate, and then reduce the effect of cladding layer microstructure size and crystal grain thinning.Research shows (referring to document：Farshidianfar M H,Khajepour A,Gerlich A P.Effect of Real-time Cooling Rate on Microstructure in Laser Additive Manufacturing[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2016,231:468-478)：Many mechanical properties of cladding layer all depend on In crystal grain and the size and dimension of microstructure, crystal grain thinning is advantageous to the fracture-sensitive in laser melting coating layer deposition process, The elongation at break of cladding layer is improved (referring to document：Brandl E,Schoberth A,Leyens C.Morphology, microstructure,and hardness of titanium(Ti-6Al-4V)blocks deposited by wire- feed additive layer manufacturing(ALM)[J].Materials Science&Engineering A, 2012,532(3):295-307).In addition, deposition process can be carried without annealing process with Laser Clad Deposition process free of discontinuities High forming efficiency.
Literature search discovery through prior art, Chinese Patent Application No.：201610408053.6 entitled " tilt thin-walled knot Component electric arc silk filling increasing material manufacturing method " provides a kind of inclination thin-walled workpiece electric arc silk filling increasing material manufacturing method, this method Realize that multilayer single track tilts the stack shaping of thin-wall part structural member using real-time adjustment offset and with substrate angle.But this The manufacture of method and inapplicable wide-angle tilt thin-wall part, has certain limitation to transversal displacement, also to manufacturing Varying-thickness Thin-wall part is tilted not apply to.Chinese Patent Application No.：20161030234 entitled " the deposition forming of part and mould processing and manufacturings Method ", this method using the part of electric arc or electron beam and the shaping of laser beam combination process with thin-walled or fine portion and Mould, still, the part of the method shaping still need using milling, grinding or treat Forming Workpiece with polishing mode and carry out essence Whole processing, reach the dimension precision requirement and surface finish requirements of workpiece to be formed.Chinese Patent Application No.：20161030234 Entitled " method and device of tissue growth during control laser melting coating single crystal alloy ", is repaiied using low-temperature airflow to laser melting coating Multiple nickel-based monocrystal turbo blade process carries out active cooling, by improving thermograde of the molten bath along vertical blade tip direction, enhancing The epitaxial growth ability of single crystal organization.But the method is confined to the reparation field of single crystal blade, and the cooling of low-temperature airflow Speed is limited.It is therefore proposed that it is a kind of improve laser gain material manufacture thin-wall part forming quality method and device have it is particularly significant Meaning.
The content of the invention
For Shortcomings in the prior art, the invention provides one kind to improve laser gain material manufacture thin-wall part forming quality Device and method, solve during existing laser gain material manufacture thin-wall part existing molten bath dimension limit to shaping thin-wall part size Accuracy limitation, cladding forming surface quality is poor, efficiency is low, the accumulation of continuous multilayer cladding sedimentary thermal stress is ftractureed, microcosmic group Knit the problems such as thick, so as to efficiently, manufacture thin-wall member in high quality.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, technical scheme provided by the invention is：
A kind of device for improving laser gain material manufacture thin-wall part forming quality, including mobile platform system, laser metal sink Product system, assisted forming system, Active Cooling System and central control system,
The mobile platform system includes stationary work-table, three axle mobile platforms and high-accuracy mechanical arm, the movement of three axles Platform and high-accuracy mechanical arm are arranged on stationary work-table, and work piece holder is provided with three axle mobile platforms；
The laser metal deposition system includes laser, laser head, powder feeder and powder jet, and powder jet is by sending Powder copper pipe is connected with powder feeder, and powder jet and laser head are arranged on high-accuracy mechanical arm；
The assisted forming system includes two panels ceramic block, and two panels ceramic block is fixed on tool handgrip by handgrip fixture, And two panels ceramic block is oppositely arranged, tool handgrip is on high-accuracy mechanical arm；
The Active Cooling System includes liquid nitrogen spray mouth, solenoid electric valve, liquid nitrogen container, and liquid nitrogen spray mouth is arranged on laser Head rear and be connected with liquid nitrogen container, be provided with solenoid electric valve between the liquid nitrogen spray mouth and liquid nitrogen container；
Three axle mobile platforms, high-accuracy mechanical arm, powder feeder, laser and solenoid electric valve are and central control system Connection；Central control system is by controlling high-accuracy mechanical arm and being linked for mechanical gripper to realize ceramic block folding The adjustment of size, angle, by the injection of the folding control liquid nitrogen of electromagnetic valve for adjusting, actively to the fast quickly cooling of Laser Clad Deposition layer But, powder sending quantity, laser power, the size of sweep speed while are also adjusted in real time.
Further, two panels ceramic block is fixed on handgrip fixture by fastening bolt respectively, and handgrip fixture is mounted in described On mechanical gripper.
Further, the ceramic block is made up of nano alumina material, can at a high temperature of 1600 DEG C steady operation.
Further, the laser is optical fiber laser.
The method that the device for improving laser gain material manufacture thin-wall part forming quality realizes thin-wall part Laser Clad Deposition, It is characterised in that it includes following steps：
Step 1：Component CAD geometrical models are established according to the 3D shape of expected thin-wall part and size, extract thin-wall part STL models, lift height then is selected according to the shape and size of component, STL models are divided using hierarchy slicing software Layer processing；
Step 2：According to the layering of step 1 determine the laser power of this layer of laser deposition layer, powder sending quantity, sweep speed and Deposit height hn, the spacing size adjusted by high-accuracy mechanical arm between two pieces of ceramic blocks is consistent with thin-wall part width, simultaneously Adjust the anglec of rotation of two pieces of ceramic blocks in real time according to thin-wall part curved shape, ensure laser deposition molten bath all the time in two pieces of ceramics Solidified between block；
Step 3：Height h is deposited according to step 2nAnd thin-wall part be expected lower floor deposition layer height, angle of bend will Ask, laser power, powder sending quantity, sweep speed, deposition height h are readjusted by central control system preset programn+1And two Spacing size, the anglec of rotation between block ceramic block, lower floor's cladding forming is carried out, successively Laser Clad Deposition, until whole thin Untill wall pieces shaping meets the requirements；During each layer of Laser Clad Deposition, central control system is by controlling magnetic valve Folding, to control the emitted dose of liquid nitrogen, real-time active cooling is carried out to every layer of Laser Clad Deposition layer, temperature when avoiding depositing next time Degree elevated band comes sedimentary thermal stress accumulation cracking, the thick problem of microstructure.
Further, lower floor's deposition can repeat Laser Clad Deposition process without annealing process with free of discontinuities.
Further, the thin-wall part is to face thin-wall part, Varying-thickness thin-wall part or curved surface thin-wall part directly.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
1. the assisted forming system of the present apparatus, the adjustment that can be linked by high-accuracy mechanical arm and mechanical gripper 14 is double Piece ceramic block folding size and angle, ensure the laser deposition molten bath solidification forming in biplate ceramic block all the time, can not only break through Molten bath dimension limit is limited the accuracy for shaping thin-wall part size, improves the surface quality of thin-wall part, and can also pass through reality When control walled thickness and shaping direction, overcome interlayer accumulation cause molten bath trickle problem.
2. the Active Cooling System in the present apparatus carries out real-time active cooling by spraying liquid nitrogen to Laser Clad Deposition layer, Can not only effectively solve sedimentary temperature and add up the thermal stress accumulation problems of crack that elevated band is come, and liquid nitrogen cooling can be greatly Molten bath cooldown rate and setting rate are improved, and then reduces the effect of cladding layer microstructure size and crystal grain thinning.Separately Outside, deposition process can reach laser cladding forming free of discontinuities, so as to improve forming efficiency without annealing process.
3. the characteristics of present invention makes full use of laser cladding forming to carry out increasing material manufacturing, with reference to the assist formation in the present apparatus System, Active Cooling System, realize variable thickness and face directly with the high quality of curved surface thin-walled, efficiently shape, have and save costliness Dusty material, the exploitation for shortening complex thin-walled member and the advantage of manufacturing cycle.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation for the device that raising laser gain material of the present invention manufactures thin-wall part forming quality.
Fig. 2 is that the state of biplate open-close type ceramics block assembly when laser cladding forming manufactures different structure thin-wall part is illustrated Figure.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of handgrip fixture.
In figure：
1. stationary work-table；2. three axle mobile platforms；3. work piece holder；4. high-accuracy mechanical arm；5. assist formation system System；6. liquid nitrogen nozzle；7. solenoid electric valve；8. liquid nitrogen container；9. powder jet；10. powder feeder；11. laser head；12. laser； 13. central control system；14. mechanical gripper；15. handgrip fixture；15-1. fastening bolts；15-2. clamp blocks；16. face thin-walled directly Part；17. Varying-thickness thin-wall part；18. curved surface thin-wall part.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiment the present invention is further illustrated, but protection scope of the present invention is simultaneously Not limited to this.
As shown in figure 1, a kind of device of raising laser gain material manufacture thin-wall part forming quality of the present invention, including it is mobile flat Platform system, laser metal deposition system, assisted forming system, Active Cooling System and central control system.
Mobile platform system includes stationary work-table 1, three axle mobile platforms 2, high-accuracy mechanical arm 4 and mechanical gripper 14, mechanical gripper 14 is arranged on high-accuracy mechanical arm 4, and three axle mobile platforms 2 and high-accuracy mechanical arm 4 are arranged on and fixed On workbench 1, three axle mobile platforms 2 are provided with work piece holder 3, and work piece holder 3 is clamped solid by fastening bolt to substrate It is fixed.Laser metal deposition system includes optical fiber laser 12, laser head 11, powder feeder 10 and powder jet 9, and powder jet 9 is logical Cross powder feeding copper pipe with powder feeder 10 to be connected, powder jet 9 and laser head 11 are all arranged on high-accuracy mechanical arm 4, pass through three Axle mobile platform 2 and high-accuracy mechanical arm 4 are linked and realize difference on three dimensions, the laser melting coating of different angle sinks Product shaping.Meanwhile the parameter of optical fiber laser 12 and the powder sending quantity of powder feeder 10 according to the specific features of part, can be adjusted in real time Size, realize different wall laser cladding forming deposit.
Assisted forming system 5 includes two panels ceramic block, and the ceramic block is made up of nano alumina material, can be at 1600 DEG C At a high temperature of steady operation.Two panels ceramic block is by handgrip fixture 15 on the mechanical gripper 14.Handgrip fixture 15 includes Fastening bolt 15-1, the 5-2 of clamp block 1, two panels ceramic block are fixed on the 5-2 of clamp block 1 by fastening bolt 15-1 respectively.Machine Tool handgrip 14 is arranged on high-accuracy mechanical arm 4.It is linked by high-accuracy mechanical arm 4 and mechanical gripper 14 and realizes tune Whole two panels ceramic block folding size is consistent with thin-wall part width, and adjusts ceramic block rotation in real time according to thin-wall part curved shape Angle, ensure that laser deposition molten bath solidifies in two panels ceramic block all the time, complete the assist formation to Laser Clad Deposition process. Fig. 2 show this hair described device to facing 18 3 kinds of thin-wall part 16, Varying-thickness thin-wall part 17, curved surface thin-wall part different thin-wall parts directly The state of two panels ceramic block during laser cladding forming.
Active Cooling System includes liquid nitrogen spray mouth 6, solenoid electric valve 7, liquid nitrogen container 8, and liquid nitrogen spray mouth 6 is arranged on laser First 11 rear, by the emitted dose of the folding control liquid nitrogen of magnetic valve, actively to the quick cooling of metal deposition layer.
Three axle mobile platforms 2, high-accuracy mechanical arm 4, mechanical gripper 14, powder feeder 10, laser 12 and Electromagnetic Control Valve 7 is all connected with central control system 13, so as to realize central control system 13 by may be programmed programme-control mobile platform system System, laser metal deposition system, assisted forming system, the function of Active Cooling System, reach the co-ordination between each system, Flexibly operating.
Specifically, said apparatus is as follows to the detailed process of thin-wall part laser cladding forming：
3D shape and size for complex thin-walled member establish component CAD geometrical models, extract the STL moulds of thin-wall part Type, lift height then is selected according to the shape and size of component, STL models are carried out at layering using hierarchy slicing software Reason, programmable program is finally inputted central control system 13, generate scanning pattern.By substrate by work piece holder 3, it is fixed on On three axle mobile platforms 2.According to the deposition layer height h for changing layernAnd width, central control system 13 is by controlling optical fiber laser 12 and powder feeder 10, control laser power, the powder sending quantity of laser deposition layer in real time, in addition, by control three axle mobile platforms 2, High-accuracy mechanical arm 4 and mechanical gripper 14 are linked and realize difference on three dimensions, the laser melting coating of different angle sinks Product.Meanwhile according to the different characteristic position of complex thin-walled member, such as face thin-wall part 14, variable cross-section thin-wall part 15, curved surface thin-wall part directly 15.Central control system 13 controls high-accuracy mechanical arm 4 and mechanical gripper 14 is linked realization adjustment two panels ceramic block it Between spacing size it is consistent with thin-wall part width, adjust the anglec of rotation of two panels ceramic block in real time according to thin-wall part curved shape, Ensure that Laser Clad Deposition molten bath solidifies in biplate ceramics block assembly all the time, as shown in Figure 2.
Height h is deposited according to step 2nAnd thin-wall part is expected the requirement of lower floor's deposition layer height, angle of bend, passes through The preset program of central control system 13 readjusts laser power, powder sending quantity, sweep speed, deposition height hn+1And two pieces of potteries Spacing size, the anglec of rotation between porcelain block, lower floor's cladding forming is carried out, successively Laser Clad Deposition, until whole thin-wall part Untill shaping meets the requirements；During each layer of Laser Clad Deposition, central control system 13 is by controlling opening for magnetic valve Close, to control the emitted dose of liquid nitrogen, real-time active cooling is carried out to every layer of Laser Clad Deposition layer, temperature when avoiding depositing next time Elevated band comes sedimentary thermal stress accumulation cracking, the thick problem of microstructure.Lower floor is deposited without annealing process, can be with free of discontinuities Repeat Laser Clad Deposition process.
The embodiment is preferred embodiment of the invention, but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, not Away from the present invention substantive content in the case of, those skilled in the art can make it is any it is conspicuously improved, replace Or modification belongs to protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

  1. A kind of 1. device for improving laser gain material manufacture thin-wall part forming quality, it is characterised in that：Including mobile platform system, swash Light metal deposition system, assisted forming system (5), Active Cooling System and central control system (13),
    The mobile platform system includes stationary work-table (1), three axle mobile platforms (2) and high-accuracy mechanical arm (4), three axles Mobile platform (2) and high-accuracy mechanical arm (4) are arranged on stationary work-table (1), and work is provided with three axle mobile platforms (2) Part fixture (3)；
    The laser metal deposition system includes laser (12), laser head (11), powder feeder (10) and powder jet (9), powder Last nozzle (9) is connected by powder feeding copper pipe with powder feeder (10), and powder jet (9) and laser head (11) are all arranged on high-precision machine On tool arm 4；
    The assisted forming system (5) includes two panels ceramic block, and two panels ceramic block is fixed on tool handgrip by handgrip fixture (15) On, and two panels ceramic block is oppositely arranged, tool handgrip is on high-accuracy mechanical arm (4)；
    The Active Cooling System includes liquid nitrogen spray mouth (6), solenoid electric valve (7), liquid nitrogen container (8), liquid nitrogen spray mouth (6) peace It is connected mounted in the rear of laser head (11) and with liquid nitrogen container (8), is provided between the liquid nitrogen spray mouth (6) and liquid nitrogen container (8) Solenoid electric valve (7)；
    Three axle mobile platforms (2), high-accuracy mechanical arm (4), powder feeder (10), laser and solenoid electric valve (7) are with Entreat control system (13) connection；Central control system (13) is by controlling high-accuracy mechanical arm (4) and mechanical gripper (14) The adjustment of ceramic block folding size, angle can be realized by being linked, by the injection of the folding control liquid nitrogen of electromagnetic valve for adjusting, Actively Laser Clad Deposition layer is quickly cooled down, while also adjusts powder sending quantity, laser power, the size of sweep speed in real time.
  2. 2. the device of laser gain material manufacture thin-wall part forming quality is improved according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Two panels is made pottery Porcelain block is fixed on handgrip fixture (15) by fastening bolt respectively, and handgrip fixture (15) is on the mechanical gripper (14).
  3. 3. the device of laser gain material manufacture thin-wall part forming quality is improved according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The pottery Porcelain block is made up of nano alumina material, can at a high temperature of 1600 DEG C steady operation.
  4. 4. the device of laser gain material manufacture thin-wall part forming quality is improved according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The laser (12) it is optical fiber laser.
  5. 5. the device that laser gain material manufacture thin-wall part forming quality is improved described in claim 1 realizes thin-wall part Laser Clad Deposition Method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
    Step 1：Component CAD geometrical models are established according to the 3D shape of expected thin-wall part and size, extract the STL of thin-wall part Model, lift height then is selected according to the shape and size of component, STL models are carried out at layering using hierarchy slicing software Reason；
    Step 2：Laser power, powder sending quantity, sweep speed and the deposition of this layer of laser deposition layer are determined according to the layering of step 1 Height hn, by high-accuracy mechanical arm (4) adjust two pieces of ceramic blocks between spacing size with thin-wall part width consistent and root Adjust the anglec of rotation of two pieces of ceramic blocks in real time according to thin-wall part curved shape, ensure laser deposition molten bath all the time in two pieces of ceramic blocks Between solidify；
    Step 3：Height h is deposited according to step 2nAnd thin-wall part is expected the requirement of lower floor's deposition layer height, angle of bend, leads to Cross central control system (13) preset program and readjust laser power, powder sending quantity, sweep speed, deposition height hn+1And two Spacing size, the anglec of rotation between block ceramic block, lower floor's cladding forming is carried out, successively Laser Clad Deposition, until whole thin Untill wall pieces shaping meets the requirements；During each layer of Laser Clad Deposition, central control system (13) is by controlling electromagnetism The folding of valve, to control the emitted dose of liquid nitrogen, real-time active cooling is carried out to every layer of Laser Clad Deposition layer, avoids next deposition Shi Wendu elevated band comes sedimentary thermal stress accumulation cracking, the thick problem of microstructure.
  6. 6. the method for Laser Clad Deposition according to claim 5, it is characterised in that lower floor is deposited without annealing process, can Laser Clad Deposition process is repeated with free of discontinuities.
  7. 7. the method for Laser Clad Deposition according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the thin-wall part is to face thin-wall part directly.
  8. 8. the method for Laser Clad Deposition according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the thin-wall part is Varying-thickness thin-wall part Or curved surface thin-wall part.
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