CN112916874A - Auxiliary forming device and method for clamping two sides of molten pool in additive manufacturing process - Google Patents
Auxiliary forming device and method for clamping two sides of molten pool in additive manufacturing process Download PDFInfo
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- CN112916874A CN112916874A CN202110091530.1A CN202110091530A CN112916874A CN 112916874 A CN112916874 A CN 112916874A CN 202110091530 A CN202110091530 A CN 202110091530A CN 112916874 A CN112916874 A CN 112916874A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for auxiliary forming of clamping on two sides of a molten pool in an additive manufacturing process, belonging to the technical field of additive manufacturing, wherein the device comprises: additive manufacturing equipment, a connecting device and a clamping component; the connecting device is used for connecting the clamping component with the additive manufacturing equipment so as to adjust the relative positions of the clamping component and the additive deposition head to ensure synchronous movement of the clamping component and the additive deposition head, the additive manufacturing equipment comprises the additive deposition head, an additive heat source, a gas cylinder, a feeding device, a feeding nozzle and a feeding nozzle connecting plate, and the feeding nozzle conveys additive manufacturing raw materials to a deposition position. According to the auxiliary forming device and method for clamping two sides of the molten pool in the additive manufacturing process, the connecting device can be applied to additive manufacturing processes with different deposition widths, and the surface flatness of the side wall of a deposition layer and the dimensional accuracy in the width direction can be effectively improved through the clamping constraint effect of the clamping component.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to an auxiliary forming device and method for clamping two sides of a molten pool in an additive manufacturing process.
Background
The additive manufacturing technology is an advanced manufacturing technology for preparing a workpiece by a layer-by-layer accumulation method based on a discrete-accumulation principle and driven by three-dimensional data of a part. However, the shape of the molten pool is unstable in the additive manufacturing process, so that the part has the problem of low wall thickness forming precision.
To solve the above problems, the present inventor has proposed a composite additive manufacturing technique based on clamping constraints, which can ensure the dimensional accuracy and surface quality of a formed part without removing material. In the related research, chinese patent CN108637504A proposes a device and a method for rolling the top and side surfaces of an arc filler wire additive manufacturing stack layer in terms of forming accuracy, which improve the forming accuracy of a sample to a certain extent, but because the device has a large size and the action position is far from the molten pool, the device has an effect different from the effect of constraining the semi-solidified metal region, and in addition, one roller of the device can only correspond to a specific width size, and is difficult to be applied to the occasion where the width size needs to be flexibly adjusted. Therefore, the auxiliary forming device and the auxiliary forming method for the additive manufacturing clamping can accurately control the wall thickness forming size of the sample piece and are suitable for different wall thicknesses and widths, so that the sample piece with the straight side wall appearance and the accurate forming size can be obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an auxiliary forming device and method for clamping two sides of a molten pool in an additive manufacturing process, and the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a molten pool both side clamping auxiliary forming device in an additive manufacturing process, the device comprising: additive manufacturing equipment, a connecting device and a clamping component; the connecting device is used for connecting the clamping component with the additive manufacturing equipment so as to adjust the relative positions of the clamping component and the additive deposition head to ensure synchronous movement of the clamping component and the additive deposition head;
the additive manufacturing equipment comprises an additive deposition head, an additive heat source, a gas cylinder, a feeding device, a feeding nozzle and a feeding nozzle connecting plate, wherein the feeding nozzle conveys an additive manufacturing raw material to a deposition position and deposits and forms a component on a substrate under the action of the additive heat source; the feeding mode of the feeding nozzle is coaxial feeding or paraxial feeding; the additive material heat source is connected with the additive material deposition head and provides a heat source for the additive material manufacturing process; the upper part of the feeding nozzle connecting plate is fastened on the connecting block, and the lower end of the feeding nozzle connecting plate is connected with the feeding nozzle, so that the feeding nozzle and the additive deposition head synchronously move at a specific position;
the connecting device comprises a connecting block, an x-axis positioning structural part, a y-axis positioning structural part and a z-axis positioning structural part; the connecting block is fixed on the laser deposition head and is used as a fixed reference part for positioning; the x-axis positioning structural part, the y-axis positioning structural part and the z-axis positioning structural part are sequentially connected and combined to realize accurate adjustment of the position of the clamping part relative to the additive deposition head, so that the forming size precision of a forming sample piece is controlled;
the clamping component is connected with the final-stage positioning structural part, and the clamping forming device is tightly attached to the deposition layer to apply pressure in the deposition forming process, so that the size of the sample piece is accurately controlled, and the surface flatness is improved.
As a preferable scheme of the auxiliary forming device for clamping two sides of the molten pool in the additive manufacturing process, the invention comprises the following steps: the x-axis positioning structural part, the y-axis positioning structural part and the z-axis positioning structural part are sequentially connected and combined, and various connection and combination modes are provided;
when the connecting block is connected with the x-axis positioning structural part, the y-axis positioning structural part is connected with the clamping part, and the x-axis positioning structural part is connected with the y-axis positioning structural part through the z-axis positioning structural part; the x-axis positioning structural part is fixedly connected to the connecting block through a screw; the z-axis positioning structural part is fixed on the x-axis positioning structural part through bolts and nuts; the y-axis positioning structural part is fixed on the z-axis positioning structural part through bolts and nuts;
when the connecting block is connected with the y-axis positioning structural part, the x-axis positioning structural part is connected with the clamping part, and the y-axis positioning structural part is connected with the x-axis positioning structural part through the z-axis positioning structural part; the y-axis positioning structural part is fixedly connected to the connecting block through a screw; the z-axis positioning structural part is fixed on the y-axis positioning structural part through bolts and nuts; the x-axis positioning structural part is fixed on the z-axis positioning structural part through bolts and nuts;
when the connecting block is connected with the z-axis positioning structural part, the x-axis positioning structural part is connected with the clamping part, and the x-axis positioning structural part is connected with the z-axis positioning structural part through the y-axis positioning structural part; the z-axis positioning structural part is fixedly connected to the connecting block through a screw; the y-axis positioning structural part is fixed on the z-axis positioning structural part through bolts and nuts; the x-axis positioning structural part is fixed on the y-axis positioning structural part through bolts and nuts.
As a preferable scheme of the auxiliary forming device for clamping two sides of the molten pool in the additive manufacturing process, the invention comprises the following steps: the additive manufacturing raw material is in the form of wire or powder.
As a preferable scheme of the auxiliary forming device for clamping two sides of the molten pool in the additive manufacturing process, the invention comprises the following steps: the gas in the gas cylinder is inert gas.
As a preferable scheme of the auxiliary forming device for clamping two sides of the molten pool in the additive manufacturing process, the invention comprises the following steps: the additive manufacturing heat source includes a laser, an arc, and an electron beam.
As a preferable scheme of the auxiliary forming device for clamping two sides of the molten pool in the additive manufacturing process, the invention comprises the following steps: the material of the clamping part is required to be higher than the temperature of a molten pool in the deposition forming process by 300 ℃ and above.
As a preferable scheme of the auxiliary forming device for clamping two sides of the molten pool in the additive manufacturing process, the invention comprises the following steps: the surface of the clamping part contacting with the side wall of the deposition layer is in a curved surface or a plane.
As a preferable scheme of the auxiliary forming device for clamping two sides of the molten pool in the additive manufacturing process, the invention comprises the following steps: the connecting parts of the x-axis positioning structural part, the y-axis positioning structural part and the z-axis positioning structural part are provided with size scales, so that the relative positions of the clamping part and the additive deposition head can be accurately ensured.
The additive manufacturing method is characterized in that in the deposition forming process, a metal deposition layer at the rear part of the molten pool, which is not completely solidified, is clamped and restrained, and the flatness of the side wall surface of a sample piece and the dimensional accuracy in the width direction are improved through clamping and restraining.
As a preferable scheme of the additive manufacturing method for clamping and assisting in forming two sides of the molten pool in the additive manufacturing process, the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: adjusting the connecting device to enable the horizontal distance between the clamping components to be the width size of the required deposition layer, enabling the clamping components and the additive deposition head to keep a certain position relation and move synchronously, and fastening the connecting device after positioning is finished;
step two: starting equipment, performing additive manufacturing under the synergistic action of the moving of the additive deposition head, the feeding device and the additive heat source, and forming a sample piece with a smooth side wall and an accurate size under the synchronous clamping and restraining action of the clamping part;
step three: returning to the initial position, and lifting the additive deposition head to a certain height;
step four: and repeating the second step and the third step, and continuously and circularly depositing and forming the required component in a reciprocating manner.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) compared with the prior art, the invention can accurately adjust the distance between the clamping parts and the position of the distance additive deposition head within a certain range through the connecting device.
(2) Compared with the prior art, the method provided by the invention is mainly used for partially incompletely solidified metal behind the molten pool, and the dimensional accuracy and the surface flatness of the workpiece in the width direction are improved by clamping and restricting the partially solidified metal.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the invention can be applied to additive manufacturing processes with different deposition widths through the connecting device.
(2) The invention can effectively improve the surface flatness of the side wall of the deposition layer and the dimensional accuracy in the width direction through the clamping and restraining action of the clamping component.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an auxiliary forming device for clamping two sides of a molten pool in an additive manufacturing process, and a coaxial powder feeding mode is adopted.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an auxiliary forming device for clamping two sides of a molten pool in an additive manufacturing process, and a paraxial wire feeding mode is adopted.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a connection device (additive deposition head connected to an x-axis positioning structure).
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a connection device (additive deposition head connected to y-axis positioning structure).
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a connection device (additive deposition head connected to z-axis positioning structure).
In the figure: 1. an additive deposition head; 2. a connecting device; 2-1, connecting blocks; 2-2, x-axis positioning structural parts; 2-3, y-axis positioning structural parts; 2-4, a z-axis positioning structural part; 3. a clamping member; 3-1, rolling wheels; 3-2, clamping blocks; 4. an additive heat source; 5. a gas cylinder; 6. a feeding device; 7. a feed nozzle; 8. a feeding nozzle connecting plate; 9. a member; 10 substrate.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the basic idea of the invention is to adjust the distance between the clamping components and the position away from the laser deposition head through the connecting device, and clamp and restrict the deposition layer in the forming process, so as to obtain a sample piece with smooth side wall surface and accurate width dimension.
Example 1:
for example, a 316L stainless steel thin-wall part with a deposition layer width of 2mm is manufactured in a unidirectional scanning mode, as shown in fig. 1, a coaxial powder feeding mode is adopted, a heat source manufactured by laser deposition is an FCL-2000 semiconductor laser, a GP-180 teaching robot is used for driving a laser deposition head to move, a clamping part is a roller wheel, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: and (3) polishing the surface of a 316L stainless steel substrate by using sand paper, removing oil contamination impurities on the surface, dipping the surface with absorbent cotton into absolute ethyl alcohol, scrubbing the polished surface, naturally drying the surface, and placing the substrate on the surface of a workbench. The 316L powder is sieved in advance, is placed in a vacuum drying oven, is dried for more than 2 hours at the temperature of 120 ℃, is then placed in a powder feeder, and the power supply of the powder feeder is turned on and the rotating speed of the powder feeder is set to be 1.2 revolutions per minute. The flow rate of the powder feeding gas and the flow rate of the protective gas are set to be 8L/min. Starting a laser and a water cooling machine, and setting the laser power to 1000W in a continuous laser mode; and starting a YRC-1000 teaching programmer to perform teaching programming on the movement of the GP-180 manipulator.
Step two: adjusting the position of the laser deposition head by a manipulator to enable the laser deposition head to be positioned 10mm above the substrate;
step three: firstly, adjusting a y-axis positioning structural component to enable the roller to be 5mm away from a laser deposition head in the y direction, then adjusting a z-axis positioning structural component to enable the roller to be close to the surface of a substrate, and finally adjusting an x-axis positioning structural component to enable two rollers to be symmetrical about the center of the laser deposition head and to ensure that the two rollers are 2mm away;
step four: starting a powder feeder and a laser, and operating a program edited in advance to start laser deposition manufacturing;
step five: and performing unidirectional scanning deposition to obtain a thin-walled part with the width of a deposition layer of 2 mm.
Example 2:
taking a one-way scanning mode to manufacture a TC4 thin-wall part with a deposition layer width of 5mm as an example, as shown in FIG. 2, a coaxial shielding gas and lateral wire feeding mode is adopted, a heat source manufactured by laser deposition is an FCL-2000 fiber laser, a teaching robot GP-180 is controlled through a YRC-1000 control cabinet to drive a laser deposition head to move, and a clamping part is a clamping block, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: and (3) polishing the surface of the TC4 substrate by using sand paper, removing surface attachments, dipping absolute ethyl alcohol by using absorbent cotton, scrubbing the polished surface, and naturally drying. The substrate is placed on the surface of the stage. Putting the TC4 wire into a wire feeding device, turning on the power supply of the device and setting the wire feeding speed to be 200 mm/min. The laser protection gas flow is set to 8L/min. Starting a laser and a water cooling machine, and setting the laser power to 1200W in a continuous laser mode; and starting a YRC1000 teaching programmer to perform teaching programming on the movement of the GP-180 manipulator.
Step two: adjusting the position of the laser deposition head by a manipulator to enable the laser deposition head to be positioned 10mm above the substrate;
step three: firstly, adjusting a z-axis positioning structural component to enable a clamping block to be close to the surface of a substrate in the z direction, then adjusting a y-axis positioning structural component to enable the clamping block to be 4mm away from a laser deposition head in the y direction, and finally adjusting an x-axis positioning structural component to enable the clamping block to be symmetrical about the center of the laser deposition head and to ensure that the clamping block and the laser deposition head are 5mm apart;
step four: starting a wire feeding device and a laser, and operating a program edited in advance to start laser deposition manufacturing;
step five: and performing unidirectional scanning deposition to obtain a thin-walled part with the width of a deposition layer of 5 mm.
Claims (10)
1. A molten pool both sides centre gripping supplementary forming device in the additive manufacturing process, characterized by, the device includes: additive manufacturing equipment, a connecting device (2) and a clamping component (3); the connecting device (2) is used for connecting the clamping component (3) with the additive manufacturing equipment so as to adjust the relative positions of the clamping component (3) and the additive deposition head (1) to ensure synchronous movement of the clamping component and the additive deposition head;
the additive manufacturing equipment comprises an additive deposition head (1), an additive heat source (4), an air cylinder (5), a feeding device (6), a feeding nozzle (7) and a feeding nozzle connecting plate (8), wherein the feeding nozzle (7) conveys an additive manufacturing raw material to a deposition position, and a component (9) is deposited and formed on a substrate (10) under the action of the additive heat source (4); the feeding mode of the feeding nozzle (7) is coaxial feeding or paraxial feeding; the additive material heat source (4) is connected with the additive material deposition head (1) and provides a heat source for the additive material manufacturing process; the upper part of the feeding nozzle connecting plate (8) is fastened on the connecting block (2-1), and the lower end of the feeding nozzle connecting plate is connected with the feeding nozzle (7), so that the feeding nozzle (7) and the additive deposition head (1) synchronously move at a specific position;
the connecting device (2) comprises a connecting block (2-1), an x-axis positioning structural part (2-2), a y-axis positioning structural part (2-3) and a z-axis positioning structural part (2-4); the connecting block (2-1) is fixed on the laser deposition head (1) and is used as a fixed reference part for positioning; the x-axis positioning structural component (2-2), the y-axis positioning structural component (2-3) and the z-axis positioning structural component (2-4) are sequentially connected and combined to realize accurate adjustment of the position of the clamping component (3) relative to the additive deposition head (1), so that the forming size precision of a forming sample piece is controlled;
the clamping component (3) is connected with the final-stage positioning structural part, the clamping component (3) is tightly attached to a deposition layer in the deposition forming process to apply pressure, accurate control of the size of the sample piece is achieved, and surface flatness is improved.
2. The auxiliary forming device for clamping two sides of the molten pool in the additive manufacturing process according to claim 1, wherein the x-axis positioning structural component (2-2), the y-axis positioning structural component (2-3) and the z-axis positioning structural component (2-4) are sequentially connected and combined, and have multiple connection and combination modes;
when the connecting block (2-1) is connected with the x-axis positioning structural part (2-2), the y-axis positioning structural part (2-4) is connected with the clamping part (3), and the x-axis positioning structural part (2-2) is connected with the y-axis positioning structural part (2-3) through the z-axis positioning structural part (2-4); the x-axis positioning structural part (2-2) is fixedly connected to the connecting block (2-1) through a screw; the z-axis positioning structural part (2-4) is fixed on the x-axis positioning structural part (2-2) through bolts and nuts; the y-axis positioning structural part (2-3) is fixed on the z-axis positioning structural part (2-4) through bolts and nuts;
when the connecting block (2-1) is connected with the y-axis positioning structural part (2-3), the x-axis positioning structural part (2-2) is connected with the clamping part (3), and the y-axis positioning structural part (2-3) is connected with the x-axis positioning structural part (2-2) through the z-axis positioning structural part (2-4); the y-axis positioning structural part (2-3) is fixedly connected to the connecting block (2-1) through a screw; the z-axis positioning structural part (2-4) is fixed on the y-axis positioning structural part (2-3) through bolts and nuts; the x-axis positioning structural part (2-2) is fixed on the z-axis positioning structural part (2-4) through bolts and nuts;
when the connecting block (2-1) is connected with the z-axis positioning structural part (2-4), the x-axis positioning structural part (2-2) is connected with the clamping part (3), and the x-axis positioning structural part (2-2) is connected with the z-axis positioning structural part (2-4) through the y-axis positioning structural part (2-3); the z-axis positioning structural part (2-4) is fixedly connected to the connecting block (2-1) through a screw; the y-axis positioning structural part (2-3) is fixed on the z-axis positioning structural part (2-4) through bolts and nuts; the x-axis positioning structural part (2-2) is fixed on the y-axis positioning structural part (2-3) through bolts and nuts.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the additive manufacturing source material is in the form of a wire or powder.
4. The device for assisting in holding and forming of two sides of a molten pool in the additive manufacturing process according to claim 1, wherein the gas in the gas cylinder (5) is inert gas.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the additive manufacturing heat source comprises a laser, an arc, and an electron beam.
6. The device for assisting in holding and forming of the two sides of the molten pool in the additive manufacturing process according to claim 1, wherein the material of the holding member (3) is higher than the temperature of the molten pool during the deposition forming process by 300 ℃ or more.
7. The device for assisting in the clamping and forming of the two sides of the molten pool in the additive manufacturing process is characterized in that the surface of the clamping part (3) which is contacted with the side wall of the deposited layer is in the form of a curved surface or a plane.
8. The auxiliary forming device for clamping two sides of the molten pool in the additive manufacturing process according to claim 1, wherein the connecting parts of the x-axis positioning structural component (2-2), the y-axis positioning structural component (2-3) and the z-axis positioning structural component (2-4) are provided with dimension scales, so that the relative positions of the clamping component (3) and the additive deposition head (1) can be accurately ensured.
9. The additive manufacturing method for clamping auxiliary forming of two sides of a molten pool by the device according to the claims 1-8, characterized in that in the deposition forming process, the metal deposition layer of the incompletely solidified part behind the molten pool is clamped and restrained, and the flatness and the dimensional accuracy of the side wall surface of the sample piece in the width direction are improved by clamping and restraining.
10. The additive manufacturing method of claim 9, comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: adjusting the connecting device (2) to enable the horizontal distance between the clamping components (3) to be the width size of a required deposition layer, enabling the clamping components (3) and the additive deposition head (1) to keep a certain position relation and move synchronously, and fastening the connecting device (2) after the positioning is finished;
step two: starting equipment, and performing additive manufacturing under the synergistic action of the moving of the additive deposition head (1) and the cooperation of the feeding device (6) and the additive heat source (4) to form a sample piece with a smooth side wall and an accurate size under the synchronous clamping and restraining action of the clamping part (3);
step three: returning to the initial position, and lifting the additive deposition head (1) to a certain height;
step four: and repeating the second step and the third step, and continuously and circularly depositing and forming the required component in a reciprocating manner.
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| CN202110091530.1A CN112916874A (en) | 2021-01-23 | 2021-01-23 | Auxiliary forming device and method for clamping two sides of molten pool in additive manufacturing process |
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| CN202110091530.1A CN112916874A (en) | 2021-01-23 | 2021-01-23 | Auxiliary forming device and method for clamping two sides of molten pool in additive manufacturing process |
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| CN114433980A (en) * | 2022-03-12 | 2022-05-06 | 北京工业大学 | Device and method for controlling size of molten pool in electric arc additive manufacturing process |
| CN116038349A (en) * | 2023-03-01 | 2023-05-02 | 四川航天长征装备制造有限公司 | Arc additive manufacturing rib wide-rib high-stability forming device and method |
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