CN110935877B - Method for forming Inconel625 alloy dendritic crystal morphology - Google Patents
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Abstract
According to the invention, the temperature change of a molten pool passing through the middle position of a single cladding layer in the laser additive forming process of the Inconel625 alloy is recorded to obtain a fixed point temperature change curve, the peak temperature T of the fixed point temperature change curve, the intercept T of a liquidus line and the temperature curve and the average cooling rate xi of the molten pool in a cooling stage are calculated according to the fixed point temperature change curve, the laser additive forming parameters of the Inconel625 alloy are optimized, and the process parameters of obtaining the columnar dendritic crystal and the process parameters of obtaining the equiaxed dendritic crystal are finally obtained, so that the control of the shape of the Inconel625 alloy dendritic crystal is realized, and the mechanical property of a formed part can be effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of metal additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to a method for forming a dendritic crystal morphology of an Inconel625 alloy.
Background
The Laser Additive Manufacturing (LAM) technology is also called as Laser 3D printing, takes a high-energy Laser beam as a heat source, considers the requirements of accurate forming and high-performance forming, has the advantages of high flexibility, short period, no limitation of part structures and materials in forming and the like, and has important application prospect in the aspect of rapid forming of high-performance complex metal parts. A nickel (Ni) -based superalloy is an austenitic metal material having high strength, good oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance, and high stability at high temperatures above 650 ℃ and under complex stresses, and is widely used for manufacturing critical components (such as casings, guide vanes, etc.) of steam turbines and aircraft engines due to its excellent overall properties. Inconel625 alloy is one of the most commonly used nickel-base superalloys. At present, the Inconel625 alloy manufactured by laser additive is generally concerned by scholars at home and abroad.
In general, laser additive manufacturing adopts a high-power laser to melt a base material and a powder material, and then realizes the formation of a three-dimensional solid part in a layer-by-layer superposition processing mode. The local molten pool has the characteristics of high directional heat dissipation, high temperature gradient, high cooling rate, complex thermal cycle and the like in the forming process. Laser additive manufacturing Inconel625 alloys typically have the following structural features: the whole deposited layer is mainly columnar crystal grown epitaxially, and a small amount of equiaxed crystal exists at the top; the substructure is fine columnar dendrite; there is significant segregation of elements and eutectic phases between dendrites. However, highly oriented columnar crystals/dendrites often lead to anisotropy in the mechanical properties of the shaped part; the chain brittle eutectic phase among the branches and the crystals obviously reduces the tensile property, the fracture toughness and the fatigue property of a formed part. In addition, the long chain low melting eutectic phase formed during the forming process increases the heat crack sensitivity of the formed part.
Scholars at home and abroad carry out a great deal of research work aiming at the solidification structure and performance of the Inconel625 alloy manufactured by laser additive, which mainly comprises the following steps: by adjusting the technological parameters such as laser power, scanning speed and the like, the solidification parameters (such as temperature gradient (G), solidification speed (V) and the like) of the solid-liquid interface of the molten pool are changed, the solidification structure is refined, and the element segregation is reduced; the local interface form and the heat flow direction of a molten pool are changed by optimizing a scanning path or a deposition strategy, so that the regulation and control of the shape, the growth direction and the crystallographic texture of crystal grains are realized; the cooling condition and the cooling rate of a molten pool are changed by forcibly cooling the base material (such as water cooling and liquid nitrogen cooling), and the dendritic crystal morphology and the Laves eutectic phase are regulated and controlled. In addition, researches show that compared with thick columnar dendrites, the equiaxed dendrites are beneficial to dispersing a brittle Laves eutectic phase, the aging response in the subsequent heat treatment process is improved, and the mechanical property of a formed piece is further improved. The research provides good insight and theoretical basis for regulating and controlling the structure and the performance of the Inconel625 alloy manufactured by laser additive manufacturing, however, an effective method for regulating and controlling the dendritic crystal morphology of the cobalt-based high-temperature alloy manufactured by laser additive manufacturing is not available.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for forming a dendritic crystal morphology of an Inconel625 alloy, which can effectively regulate and control the dendritic crystal morphology of the Inconel625 alloy.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the following technical scheme is adopted in the application.
A method of Inconel625 alloy dendrite morphology comprising the steps of:
(1) setting main parameters of a laser additive manufacturing process, wherein the laser peak power P is 500-1000W, the scanning speed V is 5-13 mm/s, and the spot diameter D is 0.5-2.5 mm;
(2) performing laser additive forming on the Inconel625 alloy by adopting the parameters set in the step (1), and recording the temperature change of a molten pool passing through the middle position of the single-channel cladding layer in the laser additive forming process of the Inconel625 alloy to obtain a fixed-point temperature change curve;
(3) calculating the peak temperature T of the fixed point temperature change curve, the intercept T of the liquidus and the temperature curve and the average cooling rate xi of the molten pool cooling stage according to the fixed point temperature change curve obtained in the step (2);
(4) repeating the step (2) and the step (3) for 2 to 3 times, and obtaining the following temperature curve according to the obtained fixed point each time: when T is more than or equal to 1.4Tm, T is more than or equal to 0.55s and xi is less than or equal to 3.8 multiplied by 103Obtaining columnar dendrite at the temperature of DEG C/s; when T is more than or equal to 1.2Tm and less than or equal to 1.4Tm, T is more than or equal to 0.3s and less than or equal to 0.55s and xi is more than or equal to 3.8 multiplied by 103Equiaxed dendrites are obtained at/s, where Tm is the melting point of the Inconel625 alloy;
(5) according to the data information obtained in the step (4), one-step optimization of laser additive forming process parameters is carried out, and the main process parameters for obtaining the morphology of the columnar dendritic crystal are as follows: adopting continuous laser, wherein the laser power is 600-900W, the laser scanning speed is 7-12 mm/s, and the laser spot diameter is 0.5-2.0 mm; the main process parameters for obtaining the equiaxed dendritic crystal morphology are as follows: the laser waveform is a sawtooth wave, the laser maximum peak power Pmax is 900-1300W, the laser minimum peak power Pmin is 0-300W, the pulse frequency is 5 Hz-15 Hz, the scanning speed is 8-12 mm/s, the powder feeding amount is 14-18 g/min, and the spot diameter is 0.8-1.5 mm;
(6) and (4) selecting corresponding process parameters in the step (5) according to the dendrite morphology required by the part to perform Inconel625 alloy additive manufacturing.
Further, in the step (2), a colorimetric pyrometer is adopted to record the temperature change of the Inconel625 alloy in the laser additive forming process when a molten pool passes through the middle position of the single-pass cladding layer.
Further, the emissivity of the used colorimetric pyrometer is 1.08, the spot size is 0.85mm, and the single data acquisition time is 1 ms.
Further, in the step (6), corresponding process parameters in the step (5) are selected according to the required dendrite morphology of the part, and an Inconel625 alloy additive manufacturing process is performed by adopting a one-way scanning path.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the temperature change of a molten pool passing through the middle position of a single cladding layer in the laser additive forming process of the Inconel625 alloy is recorded to obtain a fixed point temperature change curve, the peak temperature T of the fixed point temperature change curve, the intercept T of a liquidus line and the temperature curve and the average cooling rate xi of the molten pool in a cooling stage are calculated according to the fixed point temperature change curve, the laser additive forming parameters of the Inconel625 alloy are optimized, and the process parameters of obtaining the columnar dendritic crystal and the process parameters of obtaining the equiaxed dendritic crystal are finally obtained, so that the control of the shape of the Inconel625 alloy dendritic crystal is realized, and the mechanical property of a formed part can be effectively improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a gold phase diagram of an Inconel625 alloy laser additive manufacturing sample prepared in example 1;
fig. 2 is a gold phase diagram of an Inconel625 alloy laser additive manufacturing sample prepared by a prior art method.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A method of Inconel625 alloy dendrite morphology comprising the steps of:
(1) setting main parameters of a laser additive manufacturing process, wherein the laser peak power P is 500-1000W, the scanning speed V is 5-13 mm/s, and the spot diameter D is 0.5-2.5 mm;
(2) performing laser additive forming on the Inconel625 alloy by adopting the parameters set in the step (1), and recording the temperature change of a molten pool passing through the middle position of the single-channel cladding layer in the laser additive forming process of the Inconel625 alloy to obtain a fixed-point temperature change curve;
(3) calculating the peak temperature T of the fixed point temperature change curve, the intercept T of the liquidus and the temperature curve and the average cooling rate xi of the molten pool cooling stage according to the fixed point temperature change curve obtained in the step (2);
(4) repeating the step (2) and the step (3) for 2 to 3 times, and obtaining the following temperature curve according to the obtained fixed point each time: when T is more than or equal to 1.4Tm, T is more than or equal to 0.55s and xi is less than or equal to 3.8 multiplied by 103Obtaining columnar dendrite at the temperature of DEG C/s; when T is more than or equal to 1.2Tm and less than or equal to 1.4Tm, T is more than or equal to 0.3s and less than or equal to 0.55s and xi is more than or equal to 3.8 multiplied by 103Equiaxed dendrites are obtained at/s, where Tm is the melting point of the Inconel625 alloy;
(5) according to the data information obtained in the step (4), one-step optimization of laser additive forming process parameters is carried out, and the main process parameters for obtaining the morphology of the columnar dendritic crystal are as follows: adopting continuous laser, wherein the laser power is 600-900W, the laser scanning speed is 7-12 mm/s, and the laser spot diameter is 0.5-2.0 mm; the main process parameters for obtaining the equiaxed dendritic crystal morphology are as follows: the laser waveform is a sawtooth wave, the laser maximum peak power Pmax is 900-1300W, the laser minimum peak power Pmin is 0-300W, the pulse frequency is 5 Hz-15 Hz, the scanning speed is 8-12 mm/s, the powder feeding amount is 14-18 g/min, and the spot diameter is 0.8-1.5 mm;
(6) and (4) selecting corresponding process parameters in the step (5) according to the dendrite morphology required by the part to perform Inconel625 alloy additive manufacturing.
Further, in the step (2), a colorimetric pyrometer is adopted to record the temperature change of the Inconel625 alloy in the laser additive forming process when a molten pool passes through the middle position of the single-pass cladding layer.
Further, the emissivity of the used colorimetric pyrometer is 1.08, the spot size is 0.85mm, and the single data acquisition time is 1 ms.
Further, in the step (6), corresponding process parameters in the step (5) are selected according to the required dendrite morphology of the part, and an Inconel625 alloy additive manufacturing process is performed by adopting a one-way scanning path.
Fig. 1 is a gold phase diagram of a laser additive manufacturing Inconel625 alloy sample obtained by the method of the invention. As can be seen from the figure, the sample consists entirely of fine equiaxed dendrites. When the laser waveform is sawtooth wave, on one hand, the heat input of the molten pool is reduced, and the cooling rate of the molten pool is improved (xi can reach 10)5～106The temperature is higher than the second temperature, and the temperature is higher than the second temperature. In addition, the molten pool can carry out multidirectional free solidification in the light-off interval of a single pulse period, and the solidification parameters such as temperature gradient G, solidification rate R and the like are changed violently in the solidification process, so that the formation of equiaxed dendrites is promoted. The above factors resulted in all of the fine equiaxed dendrite structures obtained from laser additive manufacturing samples of Inconel625 alloy. The results show that the method can effectively refine the size of the dendrite, obtain a fine equiaxed dendrite structure and improve the mechanical property of the Inconel625 alloy.
Fig. 2 is a gold phase diagram of a laser additive manufacturing Inconel625 alloy sample obtained by a conventional method. As can be seen from the figure, the sample consists of columnar dendrites. This is mainly due to the fact that under the action of continuous laser, along with the movement of the laser, the molten pool is in a quasi-steady state translational solidification mode, the molten pool has high temperature gradient, and the cooling rate is relatively slow (xi is 10)3On the order of c/s), and therefore, relatively coarse columnar dendrites are formed.
By comparing fig. 1 and fig. 2, it is obvious that the method of the present invention can effectively refine the dendrite size, obtain a fine equiaxed dendrite structure, and improve the mechanical properties of the Inconel625 alloy.
Claims (2)
1. A method for forming dendrite morphology of an Inconel625 alloy, comprising the steps of:
(1) setting main parameters of a laser additive manufacturing process, wherein the laser peak power P is 500-1000W, the scanning speed V is 5-13 mm/s, and the spot diameter D is 0.5-2.5 mm;
(2) performing laser additive forming on the Inconel625 alloy by adopting the parameters set in the step (1), recording the temperature change of a molten pool of the Inconel625 alloy passing through the middle position of the single-channel cladding layer in the laser additive forming process by adopting a colorimetric pyrometer, and recording the temperature change of the Inconel625 alloy passing through the middle position of the single-channel cladding layer in the laser additive forming process, so as to obtain a fixed point temperature change curve, wherein the emissivity of the colorimetric pyrometer is 1.08, the spot size is 0.85mm, and the single data acquisition time is 1 ms;
(3) calculating the peak temperature T of the fixed point temperature change curve, the intercept T of the liquidus and the temperature curve and the average cooling rate xi of the molten pool cooling stage according to the fixed point temperature change curve obtained in the step (2);
(4) repeating the step (2) and the step (3) for 2 to 3 times, and obtaining the following temperature curve according to the obtained fixed point each time: when T is more than or equal to 1.4Tm, T is more than or equal to 0.55s and xi is less than or equal to 3.8 multiplied by 103Obtaining columnar dendrite at the temperature of DEG C/s; when T is more than or equal to 1.2Tm and less than or equal to 1.4Tm, T is more than or equal to 0.3s and less than or equal to 0.55s and xi is more than or equal to 3.8 multiplied by 103Equiaxed dendrites are obtained at/s, where Tm is the melting point of the Inconel625 alloy;
(5) according to the data information obtained in the step (4), one-step optimization of laser additive forming process parameters is carried out, and the main process parameters for obtaining the morphology of the columnar dendritic crystal are as follows: adopting continuous laser, wherein the laser power is 600-900W, the laser scanning speed is 7-12 mm/s, and the laser spot diameter is 0.5-2.0 mm; the main process parameters for obtaining the equiaxed dendritic crystal morphology are as follows: the laser waveform is a sawtooth wave, the laser maximum peak power Pmax is 900-1300W, the laser minimum peak power Pmin is 0-300W, the pulse frequency is 5 Hz-15 Hz, the scanning speed is 8-12 mm/s, the powder feeding amount is 14-18 g/min, and the spot diameter is 0.8-1.5 mm;
(6) and (4) selecting corresponding process parameters in the step (5) according to the dendrite morphology required by the part to perform Inconel625 alloy additive manufacturing.
2. The method of Inconel625 alloy dendrite morphology of claim 1 wherein the step (6) selects the corresponding process parameters of step (5) according to the desired dendrite morphology of the part and uses a unidirectional scan path for Inconel625 alloy additive manufacturing.
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