CN111014675B - Method for obtaining superfine acicular alpha phase of laser 3D printing double-phase titanium alloy - Google Patents

Method for obtaining superfine acicular alpha phase of laser 3D printing double-phase titanium alloy Download PDF

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CN111014675B
CN111014675B CN201911414045.2A CN201911414045A CN111014675B CN 111014675 B CN111014675 B CN 111014675B CN 201911414045 A CN201911414045 A CN 201911414045A CN 111014675 B CN111014675 B CN 111014675B
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李聪
谢盼
陈汪林
陈荐
周立波
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Changsha University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

A method for obtaining a laser 3D printing double-phase titanium alloy superfine needle-shaped alpha phase comprises the steps of preliminarily optimizing a laser 3D printing process window in a pulse laser output mode; calculating a three-dimensional temperature field of the molten pool under the preliminary optimization parameters by using a finite element heat transfer model to obtain an instantaneous temperature change curve of the molten pool and a fixed point temperature change curve of the molten pool, obtain an average value Tmax of the peak temperature of the instantaneous temperature curve of the molten pool, a single pulse period temperature curve and a liquidus intercept t, and calculate an average cooling rate xi of a phase-to-phase transformation interval of the fixed point temperature curve; according to the conditions that Tmax is more than or equal to 1.3 and less than or equal to 1.6, t is more than or equal to 30ms and less than or equal to 80ms and xi is more than or equal to 3.3 multiplied by 103Optimizing the technological parameters according to the principle of DEG C/s to obtain an optimized technological window, and performing laser 3D printing on the optimized technological parameters to obtain a fine acicular alpha-phase morphology dual-phase titanium alloy forming part. The invention can effectively obtain the superfine acicular alpha phase, thereby improving the mechanical property of the titanium alloy forming piece.

Description

Method for obtaining superfine acicular alpha phase of laser 3D printing double-phase titanium alloy
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of laser metal material processing, in particular to a method for obtaining a laser 3D printing double-phase titanium alloy superfine acicular alpha phase.
Background
Laser 3D printing is one of the mainstream additive manufacturing technologies at present, and the technology is based on the principle of dispersion-accumulation, can directly realize the rapid forming of complex parts, and meanwhile, the powder feeding type laser 3D printing technology can also realize the rapid repair of worn parts, and has wide application prospects in the fields of aerospace and biomedical science.
The titanium alloy has the characteristics of high specific strength, good corrosion resistance and biocompatibility and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, biomedical treatment and the like. Laser 3D printing has the characteristics of high temperature gradient, high cooling rate, rapid solidification, and the like, and therefore, laser 3D printing of the dual-phase titanium alloy generally has coarse epitaxially grown primary beta crystals and a finer flaky alpha phase in the crystal. The literature reports that the formation of the original beta crystals is mainly related to the solidification process, while the formation of the alpha phase mainly occurs in the transition region of beta phase → alpha phase. At present, a great deal of research focuses on regulating the shape and size of original beta grains, for example, Martina et al find that the subsequent cold rolling treatment can refine the original beta grains; ravi et al report that the pulsed laser processing mode is more conducive to obtaining equiaxed crystals than continuous laser; zhang et al reported that unfused powder during 3D printing could increase heterogeneous nucleation points and promote the formation of equiaxed beta crystals. The researches aim at the regulation and control of the shape of a macro original beta crystal particle, and the regulation and control of an alpha phase in a secondary phase transformation process are lack of attention. In fact, the morphology and size of the alpha phase are very critical to the mechanical properties of the titanium alloy, and therefore, the alpha phase needs to be effectively controlled in the laser 3D printing process of the titanium alloy.
The method provided by the invention can effectively control the shape and size of the alpha phase, thereby improving the material performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for obtaining a laser 3D printing double-phase titanium alloy superfine acicular alpha phase.
A method for obtaining a laser 3D printing double-phase titanium alloy superfine acicular alpha phase comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: setting a laser to be in a pulse laser output mode, and primarily optimizing a laser additive manufacturing process window to obtain a primarily optimized process window: the laser waveform is square wave, the diameter of a laser spot is 0.5-2.5 mm, the peak power of the laser is 600-1100W, the repetition frequency is 5-50 Hz, the duty ratio is 0.6-0.9, the defocusing amount is-1.5 mm, the scanning speed is 6-12 mm/s, and the powder feeding amount is 8-16 g/min;
step two: randomly selecting a group of preliminarily optimized process parameters, calculating a three-dimensional temperature field of a molten pool under the parameters by using a finite element heat transfer model, extracting a central instantaneous temperature change curve of the molten pool and a fixed point temperature change curve experienced by a position point in the middle of a deposition layer after laser is loaded for 1.5s, obtaining an average Tmax of peak temperature from the instantaneous temperature change curve of the molten pool, obtaining an intercept t of the temperature change curve and a titanium alloy liquid phase line (the ordinate is a horizontal straight line of the melting point) in a single pulse period by using the fixed point temperature change curve, deriving a temperature reduction part on the right side of the fixed point temperature change curve, and calculating an average value xi of a derivative to obtain an average cooling rate xi of the molten pool, wherein the units of Tmax, t and xi are respectively s and s;
step three: according to the conditions that Tmax is more than or equal to 1.3 and less than or equal to 1.6, t is more than or equal to 30ms and less than or equal to 80ms and xi is more than or equal to 3.3 multiplied by 103Optimizing technological parameters such as the diameter of a laser spot, the peak power of the laser, the repetition frequency, the duty ratio, the defocusing amount, the scanning speed, the powder feeding amount and the like according to the principle of DEG C/s, wherein Tm is the melting point of the titanium alloy;
step four: repeating the second step to the third step according to the sequence from small to large of the parameters until all the process parameters are matched, and obtaining an optimized process window: the laser waveform is square wave, the diameter of a laser spot is 1-2 mm, the peak power of the laser is 750-1000W, the repetition frequency is 10-25 Hz, the duty ratio is 0.7-0.9, the defocusing amount is-1.5 mm, the scanning speed is 7-12 mm/s, and the powder feeding amount is 10-15 g/min;
step five: and carrying out laser 3D printing according to the process parameters to obtain a fine acicular alpha-phase morphology dual-phase titanium alloy forming part.
The extraction of the instantaneous temperature change curve of the molten pool and the fixed point temperature change curve of the molten pool after the laser is stabilized refers to extraction after the laser is started for 1.5 seconds.
In step four, the scanning path of the process window is a unidirectional path or a cross path.
The laser waveform obtained by the invention is a square wave, and the optimized window parameters are as follows: the laser spot diameter is 1-2 mm, the laser peak power is 750-1000W, the repetition frequency is 10-25 Hz, the duty ratio is 0.7-0.9, the defocusing amount is-1.5 mm, the scanning speed is 7-12 mm/s, and the powder feeding amount is 10-15 g/min; under the conditions, the method can effectively obtain the superfine acicular alpha phase, thereby improving the mechanical property of the titanium alloy forming piece.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a metallographic image of a titanium alloy laser 3D printed sample obtained in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a gold phase diagram of a titanium alloy laser 3D printed sample obtained by a conventional method.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description.
Example 1
A method for obtaining a laser 3D printing double-phase titanium alloy superfine acicular alpha phase comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: setting a laser to be in a pulse laser output mode, and primarily optimizing a laser additive manufacturing process window to obtain a primarily optimized process window: the laser waveform is square wave, the diameter of a laser spot is 0.5-2.5 mm, the peak power of the laser is 600-1100W, the repetition frequency is 5-50 Hz, the duty ratio is 0.6-0.9, the defocusing amount is-1.5 mm, the scanning speed is 6-12 mm/s, and the powder feeding amount is 8-16 g/min;
step two: randomly selecting a group of preliminarily optimized process parameters, calculating a three-dimensional temperature field of a molten pool under the parameters by using a finite element heat transfer model, extracting a central instantaneous temperature change curve of the molten pool and a fixed point temperature change curve experienced by a position point in the middle of a deposition layer after laser is loaded for 1.5s, obtaining an average Tmax of peak temperature from the instantaneous temperature change curve of the molten pool, obtaining an intercept t of the temperature change curve and a titanium alloy liquid phase line (the ordinate is a horizontal straight line of the melting point) in a single pulse period by using the fixed point temperature change curve, deriving a temperature reduction part on the right side of the fixed point temperature change curve, and calculating an average value xi of a derivative to obtain an average cooling rate xi of the molten pool, wherein the units of Tmax, t and xi are respectively s and s;
step three: according to the conditions that Tmax is more than or equal to 1.3 and less than or equal to 1.6, t is more than or equal to 30ms and less than or equal to 80ms and xi is more than or equal to 3.3 multiplied by 103Optimizing technological parameters such as the diameter of a laser spot, the peak power of the laser, the repetition frequency, the duty ratio, the defocusing amount, the scanning speed, the powder feeding amount and the like according to the principle of DEG C/s, wherein Tm is the melting point of the titanium alloy;
step four: repeating the second step to the third step according to the sequence from small to large of the parameters until all the process parameters are matched, and obtaining an optimized process window: the laser waveform is square wave, the diameter of a laser spot is 1-2 mm, the peak power of the laser is 750-1000W, the repetition frequency is 10-25 Hz, the duty ratio is 0.7-0.9, the defocusing amount is-1.5 mm, the scanning speed is 7-12 mm/s, and the powder feeding amount is 10-15 g/min;
step five: and carrying out laser 3D printing according to the process parameters to obtain a fine acicular alpha-phase morphology dual-phase titanium alloy forming part.
Fig. 1 is a metallographic image of a titanium alloy laser 3D-printed sample obtained in example 1 of the present invention. As can be seen from the figure, the sample is mainly composed of fine acicular α -phase, and a large number of acicular α -phases are perpendicular to each other, and therefore, the structure is an orthorhombic martensite structure. This is mainly because the heat accumulation in the molten pool decreases, the cooling rate of the molten pool increases, and particularly the average cooling rate in the transition region from the beta phase to the alpha phase increases (xi ≧ 3.3X 10)3C/s) resulting in shear-type martensitic transformation. The results show that the alpha-phase structure can be effectively refined by adopting the method disclosed by the patent, so that the mechanical property of the laser 3D printing titanium alloy is improved.
Fig. 2 is a gold phase diagram of a titanium alloy laser 3D printed sample obtained by the prior method, and it can be seen from the diagram that the sample is composed of coarse beta crystals, and beta intracrystals are mainly composed of flaky widmanstatten alpha phases. This is mainly due to the large heat accumulation in the bath and the cooling rate ([ xi ] is about 10)2~103The temperature/s) is relatively small, which is beneficial to obtaining coarse flaky widmanstatten alpha tissues.

Claims (2)

1. A method for obtaining a laser 3D printing double-phase titanium alloy superfine acicular alpha phase is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: setting a laser to be in a pulse laser output mode, and primarily optimizing a laser additive manufacturing process window to obtain a primarily optimized process window: the laser waveform is square wave, the diameter of a laser spot is 0.5-2.5 mm, the peak power of the laser is 600-1100W, the repetition frequency is 5-50 Hz, the duty ratio is 0.6-0.9, the defocusing amount is-1.5 mm, the scanning speed is 6-12 mm/s, and the powder feeding amount is 8-16 g/min;
step two: randomly selecting a group of preliminarily optimized process parameters, calculating a three-dimensional temperature field of a molten pool under the parameters by using a finite element heat transfer model, extracting a central instantaneous temperature change curve of the molten pool and a fixed point temperature change curve experienced by a position point in the middle of a settled layer after laser loading for 1.5s, obtaining an average Tmax of peak temperature from the instantaneous temperature change curve of the molten pool, obtaining an intercept t of the temperature change curve and a titanium alloy liquid phase line in a single pulse period by using the fixed point temperature change curve, deriving a temperature reduction part on the right side of the fixed point temperature change curve, and calculating an average value xi of the derivative to obtain an average cooling rate xi of the molten pool, wherein the Tmax, the t and the xi are respectively in units of temperature s and ℃/s;
step three: according to the conditions that Tmax is more than or equal to 1.3 and less than or equal to 1.6, t is more than or equal to 30ms and less than or equal to 80ms and xi is more than or equal to 3.3 multiplied by 103Optimizing technological parameters of the laser spot diameter, the laser peak power, the repetition frequency, the duty ratio, the defocusing amount, the scanning speed and the powder feeding amount according to the principle of DEG C/s, wherein Tm is the melting point of the titanium alloy;
step four: repeating the second step to the third step according to the sequence from small to large of the parameters until all the process parameters are matched, and obtaining an optimized process window: the laser waveform is square wave, the diameter of a laser spot is 1-2 mm, the peak power of the laser is 750-1000W, the repetition frequency is 10-25 Hz, the duty ratio is 0.7-0.9, the defocusing amount is-1.5 mm, the scanning speed is 7-12 mm/s, and the powder feeding amount is 10-15 g/min;
step five: according to the technological parameters in the step four: the laser waveform is square wave, the diameter of a laser spot is 1-2 mm, the peak power of the laser is 750-1000W, the repetition frequency is 10-25 Hz, the duty ratio is 0.7-0.9, the defocusing amount is-1.5 mm, the scanning speed is 7-12 mm/s, the powder feeding amount is 10-15g/min, and laser 3D printing is carried out to obtain a fine acicular alpha-phase morphology biphase titanium alloy forming piece.
2. The method for obtaining the superfine acicular alpha phase of the laser 3D printed dual-phase titanium alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step four, the scanning path of the process window is a unidirectional path or a cross path.
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