CN106072132A - 一种大枣食品 - Google Patents
一种大枣食品 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106072132A CN106072132A CN201610476853.1A CN201610476853A CN106072132A CN 106072132 A CN106072132 A CN 106072132A CN 201610476853 A CN201610476853 A CN 201610476853A CN 106072132 A CN106072132 A CN 106072132A
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- water
- enzyme
- fructus jujubae
- arillus longan
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Abstract
本发明提供一种大枣食品,是由如下重量份的原料制备而成:大枣6~50份,枸杞1~9份,桂圆4~36份,薏米4~36份。可制备成颗粒剂、胶囊、片剂、饮品、口服液、糕点、糖果、方便食品。该产品的原料均为药食同源的材料,经合理搭配组合后制备的产品口感好、携带方便、功能性强,无毒副作用,具有保健功效:不仅可以美白养颜、滋补强身,更可达到抗辐射、抗疲劳、增强免疫力的效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明提供了一种大枣食品,还提供了该食品的制备方法及其应用,即具有抗辐射、抗疲劳、增强免疫力功能,属于食品领域。
背景技术
众所周知,陕西省是我国重要的大枣产地及发源地,其栽培历史悠久,品种多样,全省多达130品种,其中名气最大的有狗头枣、黄河滩枣、佳县油枣。佳县油枣和延川狗头枣作为陕北红枣的优良代表品种行销国内外。中国佳县是世界上为数不多的大枣原产中心之一和最早的枣树栽培中心之一。业界一直给予佳县油枣“天然极品、百果之王”的美誉。
根据《中药学》的记载,大枣,FRUCTUS JUJUBAE,为鼠李科落叶乔木枣 Ziziphusjujuba Mill.的干燥成熟果实。秋季采收,晒干,生用。用时破开或去核。性甘、温,归脾、胃经,具有补中益气,养血安神、缓和药性的功能;大枣主要含桦木酸、齐墩果酸、山楂酸等有机酸、大枣多糖。其煎剂有增强免疫、增加肌力、降低胆固醇、护肝、抗氧化、抑制癌细胞增殖和抗突变等作用。
中国医学发展过程中首重预防。其千年来的生活体验总结出了《神农本草经》、《食疗本草》、《本草纲目》等,素有“药食同源”之说,药食同源是指许多食物即药物,它们之间并无绝对的分界线,古代医学家将中药的“四性”、“五味”理论运用到食物之中,认为每种食物也具有“四性”和“五味”。中药与食物的相同之处在于均可以用来防治疾病,不同之处在于中药的治疗药效强,也就是“药劲大”,当用药正确时,其效果非常突出,反之容易出现较明显的副作用;相比于药物,食物的治疗效果不及中药那么突出和迅速,配食不当,也不至于立即产生不良的后果。食物虽然药效作用弱但可以天天吃。我们日常饮食,除供应必需的营养物质外,还会因食物的性能作用或多或少对身体平衡和生理功能产生有利或不利的影响,日积月累,从量变到质变,这种影响作用就变得非常明显。从这个意义上讲,它们并不次于中药的作用。因此正确合理地调配饮食,坚持下去,会起到药物所具有的效果、甚至比药物的效果还好。
目前,市售的以大枣为原料的产品种类较多,如核桃夹枣、枣糕、枣片,大枣汁饮料、大枣藕粉、桂圆大枣颗粒、阿胶大枣补血颗粒,但大多以原始枣的形式进行简单加工处理。以大枣为研究对象申请的专利也有一些如:CN101485438A,具有养颜作用的含中药的食品;CN103099287A,提高免疫力的饮品,但是将专利转化为市售产品的确少之甚少。另外,随着人们的生活水平的提高,人们对以具有一定功效的大枣为原料的食品的需求也越来越多,希望在服用大枣的产品的同时,兼顾治疗一些疾病、或补益一下身体。但是目前市场上的产品存在各种缺陷,如口感单一、携带不便、功能性弱等缺陷,因此,研制一种体积小、口感好、功能性强的以枣为主要原料的食品显得尤为重要。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种具有抗辐射、抗疲劳、增强免疫力功能的大枣食品、制备方法及其应用,该产品通过添加特定比例的具有保健作用的成分,能够使消费者在食用的同时可以起到一定的食疗保健作用。
为了实现以上目的,本发明所采用的技术方案是:
一种大枣食品,由以下重量份数的原料制成:大枣6~50份,枸杞1~9份,桂圆4~36份,薏米4~36份;
一种大枣食品,优选地,由以下重量份数的原料制成:大枣24~50份,枸杞4~9份,桂圆16~36份,薏米16~36份;更优选地,大枣36份,枸杞6份,桂圆24份,薏米24份。
本发明提供了一种大枣食品,由以下重量份数的原料制成:大枣多糖提取物6~50份,枸杞复合酶提取物1~9份,桂圆总可溶性固形物和多糖的提取物4~36份,烤薏米粉4~36份、辅料60~90份;优选地,大枣多糖提取物24~50份,枸杞复合酶提取物4~9份,桂圆总可溶性固形物和多糖的提取物16~36份,烤薏米粉16~36份、辅料40~90份;更优选地,大枣多糖提取物36份,枸杞复合酶提取物6份,桂圆总可溶性固形物和多糖的提取物24份,烤薏米粉24份、辅料60份。
其中,所述食品可以是颗粒剂、胶囊、片剂、饮品、口服液、糕点、糖果、方便食品,其均可以按照本领域的常规制备工艺进行制备。
所述大枣:可以是本领域常用的大枣,如佳县油枣、或大枣提取物;或采用以下方法制备的大枣多糖提取物:80-100℃烘干大枣,大枣粉碎,干粉加水,料液比1:6-12,加酸性蛋白复合酶(纤维素酶:果胶酶:酸性蛋白酶=1:1:1)1.0-3.0%,调节pH=4-5.2,水浴温度40-50℃,水浴时间100-150分钟,水浴提取2次,升温至90℃,保持30min灭酶,冷却,离心,取上层提取液,合并提取液,浓缩提取液,温度60-100℃,浓缩至原提取液的二分之一-三分之一,浓缩物加乙醇,至醇浓度60-80%,静置1-3小时,离心,得大枣多糖粗提取物,喷雾干燥,其进风温度120-135 ℃,出风温度80-95 ℃,进料量12 -20ml / min,进气压力0. 10-0.20MPa。其中,酸性蛋白复合酶优选含量为1.0%;pH优选为5.2;水浴温度优选50℃;水浴时间优选120分钟。
所述枸杞:可以是本领域常用的枸杞、或枸杞提取物;或采用以下方法制备的枸杞复合酶提取物:复合酶(蛋白酶∶纤维素酶∶果胶酶=1∶1∶1)按重量比1∶6-12 加入蒸馏水,搅匀,置于水浴锅里40 ℃条件下活化30 min;将枸杞于干燥箱中烘干至恒重将其粉碎,加入含量为0.3-0.4 %的复合酶、酶解温度40-55 ℃、提取时间50-90 min,升温至90℃,保持30min灭酶,冷却,离心,取上层提取液,喷雾干燥,其进风温度160-180℃,出风温度70-80℃,进料量12 -20ml / min,进气压力0. 10-0.20 MPa,得枸杞复合酶提取物。其中,水浴温度优选40℃;活化时间优选30分钟;酶解时加酶量优选为0.32%;酶解温度优选51℃,提取时间优选60分钟。
所述桂圆:可以是本领域常用的桂圆、或桂圆提取物;或采用以下方法制备的桂圆总可溶性固形物和多糖的提取物:桂圆用水浸泡时间8-12小时,粉碎机粉碎12-20s,然后加水,料液比1:10-15,采用热水法提取,提取温度70-90℃,提取时间90-150分钟,离心,取上层提取液,喷雾干燥,其进风温度160-180℃,出风温度70-80 ℃,进料量12 -20ml / min,进气压力0. 10-0.20 MPa,得桂圆总可溶性固形物和多糖的提取物,其中,从桂圆干中提取的桂圆多糖提取率为30%以上,总可溶性固形物提取率为60%以上。其中,提取温度优选80℃;提取时间优选120分钟。
所述薏米:可以是本领域常用的薏米、或薏米提取物;或采用以下方法制备的薏米粉:薏米洗净,100℃烘烤30min,打粉,过5号筛,得烤薏米粉。
本发明提供了一种大枣食品的制备方法:
按比例称取大枣、枸杞、桂圆、薏米洗净;按1:8-10的料液比加入水煎煮提取,提取2次,每次提取时间30min,过滤,得滤液,杀菌,冷却,即得口服液。
本发明还提供了一种大枣食品的制备方法:
1)80-100℃烘干大枣,大枣粉碎,干粉加水,料液比1:6-12,加酸性蛋白复合酶(纤维素酶:果胶酶:酸性蛋白酶=1:1:1)1.0-3.0%,调节pH=5.2,水浴温度40-50℃,水浴时间100-150分钟,水浴提取2次,升温至90℃,保持30min灭酶,冷却,离心,取上层提取液,合并提取液,浓缩提取液,温度60-100℃,浓缩至原提取液的二分之一-三分之一,浓缩物加乙醇,至醇浓度60-80%,静置1-3小时,离心,得大枣多糖粗提取物,喷雾干燥,其进风温度120-135℃,出风温度80-95 ℃,进料量12 -20ml / min,进气压力0. 10-0.20 MPa;
2)复合酶(蛋白酶∶纤维素酶∶果胶酶=1∶1∶1)按重量比1∶6-12 加入蒸馏水,搅匀,置于水浴锅里40 ℃条件下活化30 min;将枸杞于干燥箱中烘干至恒重将其粉碎,加入含量为0.3-0.4 %的复合酶、酶解温度40-55 ℃、提取时间50-90 min,升温至90℃,保持30min灭酶,冷却,离心,取上层提取液,喷雾干燥,其进风温度160-180℃,出风温度70-80 ℃,进料量12 -20ml / min,进气压力0. 10-0.20 MPa,得枸杞复合酶提取物;
3)桂圆用水浸泡时间8-12小时,粉碎机粉碎12-20s,然后加水,料液比1:10-15,采用热水法提取,提取温度70-90℃,提取时间90-150分钟,离心,取上层提取液,喷雾干燥,其进风温度160-180℃,出风温度70-80 ℃,进料量12 -20ml / min,进气压力0. 10-0.20 MPa,得桂圆总可溶性固形物和多糖的提取物;
4)薏米洗净,100℃烘烤30min,打粉,过5号筛,得烤薏米粉;
5)将上述大枣多糖提取物、枸杞复合酶提取物、桂圆总可溶性固形物和多糖的提取物、烤薏米粉和辅料(淀粉:乳糖=2:1)按照6~50:1~9:4~36:4~36:60~90的比例称取,混匀,加入90%乙醇适量做湿润剂制软材,根据“手握成团,轻压即散”为原则掌握软材的质量,混匀,过制粒筛,60℃烘干半个小时,过筛整粒,得颗粒剂。
本发明的优点:
本发明采用大枣、枸杞、桂圆、薏米四味药食同源物品配伍组方。其中,大枣为鼠李科枣属植物枣(Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)的果实,性甘、温,归心、脾、胃经,果实含生物碱(包括光千金藤碱、巴婆碱、吡咯烷生物碱等)、三萜酸类(白桦脂酮酸、齐墩果酸、马斯里酸等)、皂苷类(大枣皂苷Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和酸枣皂苷B)、脂肪酸类(油酸等)、多糖类(阿拉伯聚糖及半乳糖醛酸聚糖)、甾醇类(有谷甾醇、豆甾醇和少量的链甾醇)、芸香苷、维生素C、核黄素、硫胺素、胡萝卜素和烟酸等,能补脾胃,益气血,安心神,调营卫,和药性,主治脾胃虚弱、气血不足、食少便溏、倦怠乏力、心悸失眠、营卫不和等;枸杞子为茄科枸杞属植物宁夏枸杞(Lyciumbarbarum L.)的果实,性甘、平,归肝、肾、肺经,含有丙烯胺类、多糖、脑苷脂、熊果酸、生物碱、对香豆酸、胡萝卜甾醇、胡萝卜素、阿托品、天仙子胺、玉蜀黍黄质、酸浆果红素、隐黄质、维生素C等,能养肝、滋肾、润肺,主治肝肾亏虚,头晕目眩,目视不清,腰膝酸软,虚劳咳嗽等,枸杞子可调节机体免疫功能,能有效抑制肿瘤生长和细胞突变,具有延缓衰老,抗脂肪肝,调节血脂和血糖,促进造血功能等方面的作用;桂圆肉为无患子科桂圆属植物桂圆(Dimocarpus longan Lour.)的假种皮,性甘、温,归心、脾经,干果肉含葡萄糖、蔗糖、酸类、嘌呤类和胆碱类等含氮物质、蛋白质和脂肪等,挥发油成分包括反式罗勒烯、反-丁香烯、乙基乙酸酯等,还含有维生素B1、B2、P、C等,能补心脾,益气血,安神,主治虚劳、惊悸、怔忡、失眠、健忘、气血不足、血虚萎黄等,桂圆肉不但能够抑制脂质过氧化和提高抗氧化酶活性,而且具有提高机体免疫功能,抑制肿瘤细胞,降血脂,增加冠状动脉血流量等的作用;薏米,即薏苡(学名:Coix lacryma-jobi L.),为禾本科,味甘、淡,性微寒,归脾;肺;肾经。功效为:利湿健脾;舒筋除痹;清热排脓。主水肿;脚气;小便淋沥;湿温病;泄泻带下;风湿痹痛;筋脉拘挛;肺痈;肠痈;扁平疣。四种原料合理配比,其有效成分可相互协同,发挥补气补血、养血安神,健脾去湿功效,不仅可以美白养颜、滋补强身,更可达到抗辐射、抗疲劳、增强免疫力的效果。
本发明通过优化制备工艺,得到大枣多糖提取物、枸杞复合酶提取物、桂圆总可溶性固形物和多糖的提取物、烤薏米粉,从而提高食品中活性成分的含量,使其营养价值更高;能够使食用者在享受美味产品的同时,达到抗辐射、抗疲劳、增强免疫力的效果。
本发明产品全部原料选自药食同源类物质,保证安全性;其食用方便简单,同时通过对原料的合理配比保证了食品的口感更好,是大家健康、绿色、安全的健康食品。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
按比例称取大枣、枸杞、桂圆、薏米洗净;按1:5-10的料液比加入水煎煮提取,提取2次,每次提取时间30min,过滤,得滤液,即得口服液。
实施例2:
1)80℃烘干大枣,大枣粉碎,干粉加水,料液比1:6,加酸性蛋白复合酶(纤维素酶:果胶酶:酸性蛋白酶=1:1:1)3.0%,调节pH=5.2,水浴温度50℃,水浴时间100分钟,水浴提取2次,升温至90℃,保持30min灭酶,冷却,离心,取上层提取液,合并提取液,浓缩提取液,温度60℃,浓缩至原提取液的三分之一,浓缩物加乙醇,至醇浓度80%,静置3小时,离心,得大枣多糖粗提取物,喷雾干燥,其进风温度120 ℃,出风温度80℃,进料量12ml / min,进气压力0. 10MPa;
2)复合酶(蛋白酶∶纤维素酶∶果胶酶=1∶1∶1)按重量比1∶6加入蒸馏水,搅匀,置于水浴锅里40 ℃条件下活化30 min;将枸杞于干燥箱中烘干至恒重将其粉碎,加入含量为0.3 %的复合酶、酶解温度40℃、提取时间50min,升温至90℃,保持30min灭酶,冷却,离心,取上层提取液,喷雾干燥,其进风温度160℃,出风温度70℃,进料量12ml / min,进气压力0. 10MPa,得枸杞复合酶提取物;
3)桂圆用水浸泡时间8小时,粉碎机粉碎12s,然后加水,料液比1:10,采用热水法提取,提取温度70℃,提取时间90分钟,离心,取上层提取液,喷雾干燥,其进风温度160℃,出风温度70℃,进料量12ml / min,进气压力0. 10 MPa,得桂圆总可溶性固形物和多糖的提取物;
4)薏米洗净,100℃烘烤30min,打粉,过5号筛,得烤薏米粉;
5)将上述大枣多糖提取物、枸杞复合酶提取物、桂圆总可溶性固形物和多糖的提取物、烤薏米粉、和辅料(淀粉:乳糖=2:1)按照6:1:4:6:60的比例称取,混匀,加入90%乙醇适量做湿润剂制软材,根据“手握成团,轻压即散”为原则掌握软材的质量,过制粒筛,60℃烘干半个小时,于五号筛整粒,得颗粒剂。
实施例3:
1)80℃烘干大枣,大枣粉碎,干粉加水,料液比1:10,加酸性蛋白复合酶(纤维素酶:果胶酶:酸性蛋白酶=1:1:1)1.0%,调节pH=5.2,水浴温度50℃,水浴时间120分钟,水浴提取2次,升温至90℃,保持30min灭酶,冷却,离心,取上层提取液,合并提取液,浓缩提取液,温度100℃,浓缩至原提取液的三分之一,浓缩物加乙醇,至醇浓度80%,静置1小时,离心,得大枣多糖粗提取物,喷雾干燥,其进风温度135 ℃,出风温度89℃,进料量16ml / min,进气压力0. 10MPa;
2)复合酶(蛋白酶∶纤维素酶∶果胶酶=1∶1∶1)按重量比1∶10加入蒸馏水,搅匀,置于水浴锅里40 ℃条件下活化30 min;将枸杞于干燥箱中烘干至恒重将其粉碎,加入含量为0.32%的复合酶、酶解温度51℃、提取时间60min,升温至90℃,保持30min灭酶,冷却,离心,取上层提取液,喷雾干燥,其进风温度180℃,出风温度75℃,进料量12ml / min,进气压力0. 10MPa,得枸杞复合酶提取物;
3)桂圆用水浸泡时间10小时,粉碎机粉碎15s,然后加水,料液比1:10,采用热水法提取,提取温度80℃,提取时间120分钟,离心,取上层提取液,喷雾干燥,其进风温度160℃,出风温度70℃,进料量12ml / min,进气压力0. 10 MPa,得桂圆总可溶性固形物和多糖的提取物;
4)薏米洗净,100℃烘烤30min,打粉,过5号筛,得烤薏米粉;
5)将上述大枣多糖提取物180g、枸杞复合酶提取物30g、桂圆总可溶性固形物和多糖的提取物120g、烤薏米粉120g混合均匀,得组合物1。组合物1和辅料(淀粉:乳糖=2:1)300g,加入90%乙醇适量做湿润剂制软材,根据“手握成团,轻压即散”为原则掌握软材的质量,混匀,过制粒筛,60℃烘干半个小时,于五号筛整粒,得颗粒剂。
实施例4:
1)各原料的制备:
90℃烘干大枣,大枣粉碎,干粉加水,料液比1:8,加酸性蛋白复合酶(纤维素酶:果胶酶:酸性蛋白酶=1:1:1)2.5%,调节pH=4.5,水浴温度50℃,水浴时间150分钟,水浴提取2次,升温至90℃,保持30min灭酶,冷却,离心,取上层提取液,合并提取液,浓缩提取液,温度100℃,浓缩至原提取液的二分之一,浓缩物加乙醇,至醇浓度80%,静置1小时,离心,得大枣多糖粗提取物,喷雾干燥,其进风温度120 ℃,出风温度95 ℃,进料量20ml / min,进气压力0.20 MPa;
2)复合酶(蛋白酶∶纤维素酶∶果胶酶=1∶1∶1)按重量比1∶10 加入蒸馏水,搅匀,置于水浴锅里40 ℃条件下活化30 min;将枸杞于干燥箱中烘干至恒重将其粉碎,加入含量为0.4%的复合酶、酶解温度40 ℃、提取时间90 min,升温至90℃,保持30min灭酶,冷却,离心,取上层提取液,喷雾干燥,其进风温度180℃,出风温度80 ℃,进料量20ml / min,进气压力0.20 MPa,得枸杞复合酶提取物;
3)桂圆用水浸泡时间12小时,粉碎机粉碎20s,然后加水,料液比1:15,采用热水法提取,提取温度90℃,提取时间150分钟,离心,取上层提取液,喷雾干燥,其进风温度180℃,出风温度80 ℃,进料量20ml / min,进气压力0.20 MPa,得桂圆总可溶性固形物和多糖的提取物;
4)薏米洗净,100℃烘烤30min,打粉,过5号筛,得烤薏米粉。
实施例5:
片剂的制备:
将上述实施例4制备的大枣多糖提取物、枸杞复合酶提取物、桂圆总可溶性固形物和多糖的提取物、烤薏米粉、和辅料(淀粉:乳糖=2:1)按照30:7:8:5:80的比例称取,混匀,加适量微晶纤维,混合,用压片机压片,制得片剂。
实施例6:
胶囊剂的制备:
将上述实施例4制备的大枣多糖提取物、枸杞复合酶提取物、桂圆总可溶性固形物和多糖的提取物、烤薏米粉,按照30:7:9:6的比例称取,混匀,过7号筛,用胶囊填充机制备得胶囊,每粒含干粉组合物400mg。
以下通过试验来说明本发明的效果:
1.负重游泳试验
60只昆明种雄性小鼠,体重20±2g,随机分为6组,每大组10只,分别为大枣多糖提取物、枸杞复合酶提取物、桂圆总可溶性固形物和多糖的提取物、烤薏米粉、本申请实施例3的组合物1、空白对照组,分别称取1g大枣多糖提取物、1g枸杞复合酶提取物、1g桂圆总可溶性固形物和多糖的提取物、1g烤薏米粉、1g本申请实施例3的组合物1加蒸馏水至200mL,搅拌混匀,每20 g体重灌胃0. 4 m L,每天1次,连续30 d; 空白对照组给予等体积的蒸馏水;
6组均于末次给药1h后置于游泳箱((5Ocm*5Ocm*40cm)中游泳,游泳箱水深30cm,水温30士1℃,鼠尾根部负荷5%体重的铅皮,游泳直至力竭(沉入水中20 s不浮出水面),记录游泳力竭的时间(s);
表1 复方对小鼠负重游泳时间的影响
组别 | 对照组 | 大枣多糖提取物 | 枸杞复合酶提取物 | 桂圆提取物 | 烤薏米粉 | 组合物1 |
游泳时间 | 178.5±23.8* | 218.2±31.7* | 251.9±21.1* | 204±28.7* | 243±21.5* | 296.9±18.6 |
注:各组与组合物1比较,*P<0.05
疲劳是机体复杂的生理生化变化过程,是指脑力或体力到达一定阶段时必然出现的一种正常的生理现象。它既标志着机体原有工作能力的暂时下降,又可能是机体发展到疾病状态的先兆。疲劳的出现,可引起运动能力降低、工作效率降低、差错事故增多、战斗力减退。疲劳发生后如果得不到及时恢复,逐渐积累,还会导致“过劳’,出现“漫性疲劳综合征(CFS)"、“过度训练综合症”等,使机体发生内分泌紊乱、免疫力下降,甚至出现器质性疾病,威胁人类健康。疲劳的表现主要是运动时体内能量降低和肌肉力量的下降,测定机体持续运动到力竭的时间可以反映机体的耐力;
本实验可知,大枣多糖提取物、枸杞复合酶提取物、桂圆总可溶性固形物和多糖的提取物、烤薏米粉均可提高小鼠负重游泳时间,并且每天灌胃100mg/kg本申请实施例3的组合物1提高小鼠负重游泳时间显著优于灌胃100mg/kg任何单一提取物,显示出协同抗疲劳作用。
抗辐射试验/提高免疫力
70只昆明种雄性小鼠,体重20±2g,随机分为7组,每大组10只,分别为大枣多糖提取物、枸杞复合酶提取物、桂圆总可溶性固形物和多糖的提取物、烤薏米粉、本申请实施例3的组合物1、正常对照组、辐射对照组,分别称取1g上述物质,加蒸馏水至200mL,搅拌混匀,每20g体重灌胃0.4 m L,每天1次;正常对照组、辐射对照组分别给予等体积的蒸馏水,每天1次;
连续给药14d,于第15天用医用电子直线加速器X-Rys全身一次性照射,照射总剂量3Gy,正常对照组不予X线照射。辐射后继续给药14d,每天1次。辐射后第15d测体重,眼眶取血测外周血白细胞总数;解剖取脾脏,用滤纸吸干残血后,称量质量,计算相应的脾脏指数(mg/g);
组别 | 空白对照组 | 辐射对照组 | 大枣多糖提取物 | 枸杞复合酶提取物 | 桂圆提取物 | 烤薏米粉 | 组合物1 |
白细胞(×109/ml) | 8.6±1.1* | 3.7±0.4* | 5.0±0.4* | 4.54±0.8* | 4.23±1.2* | 4.81±0.7* | 6.27±0.7 |
脾脏指数(mg/g) | 5.1±0.4 | 2.8±0.3 | 3.6±0.3 | 3.5±0.4 | 3.1±0.5 | 3.5±0.3 | 4.1±0.2 |
注:各组与组合物1比较,*P<0.05
造血组织是高辐射敏感组织,造血十细胞、粒系祖细胞、红系祖细胞是辐射攻击的主要靶细胞,且照射剂量越大,外周血细胞减少越甚,血细胞除有数量上减少外,形态上、功能上也都发生了某些改变。辐射常造成骨髓抑制、微循环障碍、自细胞下降及造血微环境破坏等损伤。辐射所致的免疫功能改变是辐射损伤的主要表现之一,免疫淋巴细胞及其参与免疫调节的脏器,如骨髓、脾脏、胸腺等都是高放射敏感细胞群。辐射引起的免疫系统损伤主要表现在免疫细胞(例如白细胞、淋巴细胞)的减少、免疫器官(例如脾脏、胸腺)功能减低,从而影响机体特异及非特异性免疫功能。因而白细胞及脾脏指数均是评价免疫力及抗辐射能力的指标;
小鼠接受辐射后14天,各组白细胞及脾脏指数均下降,但大枣多糖提取物、枸杞复合酶提取物、桂圆总可溶性固形物和多糖的提取物、烤薏米粉均较辐射对照组升高,并且每天灌胃100mg/kg本申请实施例3的组合物1白细胞及脾脏指数高于100mg/kg任何单一提取物。显示出大枣多糖提取物、枸杞复合酶提取物、桂圆总可溶性固形物和多糖的提取物、烤薏米粉组合物协同改善辐射后白细胞及脾脏指数,提高机体免疫力,具有一定的抗辐射功能。
Claims (9)
1.一种大枣食品,其特征在于:由以下重量份数的原料制成:大枣6~50份,枸杞1~9份,桂圆4~36份,薏米4~36份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的食品,其特征在于:大枣24~50份,枸杞4~9份,桂圆16~36份,薏米16~36份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的食品,其特征在于:大枣36份,枸杞6份,桂圆24份,薏米24份。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一所述的食品,其特征在于:大枣为大枣多糖提取物,枸杞为枸杞复合酶提取物,桂圆为桂圆总可溶性固形物和多糖的提取物,薏米为烤薏米粉。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一所述的食品,其特征在于:所述食品可以是颗粒剂、胶囊、片剂、饮品、口服液、糕点、糖果。
6.一种制备权利要求1-3任何一项所述的食品的方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
按比例称取大枣、枸杞、桂圆、薏米洗净;按1:8-10的料液比加入水煎煮提取,提取2次,每次提取时间30min,过滤,得滤液,杀菌,冷却,即得口服液。
7.一种制备具有抗辐射、抗疲劳功能的食品的方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
1)80-100℃烘干大枣,大枣粉碎,干粉加水,料液比1:6-12,加酸性蛋白复合酶(纤维素酶∶果胶酶∶酸性蛋白酶=1∶1∶1)1.0-3.0%,调节pH=5.2,水浴温度40-50℃,水浴时间100-150分钟,水浴提取2次,升温至90℃,保持30min灭酶,冷却,离心,取上层提取液,合并提取液,浓缩提取液,温度60-100℃,浓缩至原提取液的二分之一-三分之一,浓缩物加乙醇,至醇浓度60-80%,静置1-3小时,离心,得大枣多糖粗提取物,喷雾干燥,其进风温度120-135℃,出风温度80-95 ℃,进料量12 -20ml / min,进气压力0. 10-0.20 MPa;
2)复合酶(蛋白酶∶纤维素酶∶果胶酶=1∶1∶1)按重量比1∶6-12 加入蒸馏水,搅匀,置于水浴锅里40 ℃条件下活化30 min;将枸杞于干燥箱中烘干至恒重将其粉碎,加入含量为0.3-0.4 %的复合酶、酶解温度40-55 ℃、提取时间50-90 min,升温至90℃,保持30min灭酶,冷却,离心,取上层提取液,喷雾干燥,其进风温度160-180℃,出风温度70-80 ℃,进料量12 -20ml / min,进气压力0. 10-0.20 MPa,得枸杞复合酶提取物;
3)桂圆用水浸泡时间8-12小时,粉碎机粉碎12-20s,然后加水,料液比1:10-15,采用热水法提取,提取温度70-90℃,提取时间90-150分钟,离心,取上层提取液,喷雾干燥,其进风温度160-180℃,出风温度70-80 ℃,进料量12 -20ml / min,进气压力0. 10-0.20 MPa,得桂圆总可溶性固形物和多糖的提取物;
4)薏米洗净,100℃烘烤30min,打粉,过5号筛,得烤薏米粉;
5)将上述大枣多糖提取物、枸杞复合酶提取物、桂圆总可溶性固形物和多糖的提取物、烤薏米粉、和辅料(淀粉:乳糖=2:1)按照6~50:1~9:4~36:4~36:60~90的重量比称取,混匀,加入90%乙醇适量做湿润剂制软材,根据“手握成团,轻压即散”为原则掌握软材的质量,混匀过制粒筛,60℃烘干半个小时,于五号筛整粒,得颗粒剂。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于:
1)80℃烘干大枣,大枣粉碎,干粉加水,料液比1:10,加酸性蛋白复合酶1.0%,调节pH=5.2,水浴温度50℃,水浴时间120分钟,水浴提取2次,升温至90℃,保持30min灭酶,冷却,离心,取上层提取液,合并提取液,浓缩提取液,温度100℃,浓缩至原提取液的三分之一,浓缩物加乙醇,至醇浓度80%,静置1小时,离心,得大枣多糖粗提取物,喷雾干燥,其进风温度135℃,出风温度89℃,进料量16ml / min,进气压力0. 10MPa;
2)复合酶(蛋白酶∶纤维素酶∶果胶酶=1∶1∶1)按重量比1∶10加入蒸馏水,搅匀,置于水浴锅里40 ℃条件下活化30 min;将枸杞于干燥箱中烘干至恒重将其粉碎,加入含量为0.32%的复合酶、酶解温度51℃、提取时间60min,升温至90℃,保持30min灭酶,冷却,离心,取上层提取液,喷雾干燥,其进风温度180℃,出风温度75℃,进料量12ml / min,进气压力0. 10MPa,得枸杞复合酶提取物;
3)桂圆用水浸泡时间10小时,粉碎机粉碎15s,然后加水,料液比1:10,采用热水法提取,提取温度80℃,提取时间120分钟,离心,取上层提取液,喷雾干燥,其进风温度160℃,出风温度70℃,进料量12ml / min,进气压力0. 10 MPa,得桂圆总可溶性固形物和多糖的提取物;
4)薏米洗净,100℃烘烤30min,打粉,过5号筛,得烤薏米粉;
5)将上述大枣多糖提取物180g、枸杞复合酶提取物30g、桂圆总可溶性固形物和多糖的提取物120g、烤薏米粉120g、和辅料(淀粉:乳糖=2:1)300g,加入90%乙醇适量做湿润剂制软材,根据“手握成团,轻压即散”为原则掌握软材的质量,混匀,过制粒筛,60℃烘干半个小时,过筛整粒,得颗粒剂。
9.如权利要求1-4任一所述的食品在制备具有抗辐射、抗疲劳、增强免疫力功能的食品中的应用。
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CN108041503A (zh) * | 2017-12-31 | 2018-05-18 | 北京佑众全椒制药有限公司 | 一种大枣冻干粉及其制备方法 |
CN112715940A (zh) * | 2021-01-20 | 2021-04-30 | 中科优术(黑龙江)科技产业有限公司 | 一种具有补气养血抗辐射作用的黑木耳组合物及其制备方法与应用 |
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