CN106069667B - A kind of U.S. moon watermelon soilless culture method of suitable torrid areas - Google Patents
A kind of U.S. moon watermelon soilless culture method of suitable torrid areas Download PDFInfo
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- CN106069667B CN106069667B CN201610444302.7A CN201610444302A CN106069667B CN 106069667 B CN106069667 B CN 106069667B CN 201610444302 A CN201610444302 A CN 201610444302A CN 106069667 B CN106069667 B CN 106069667B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of U.S. moon watermelon soilless culture methods of suitable torrid areas, comprising the following steps: (1) presoaking and germinating；(2) nursery；(3) canopy is smoked；(4) it is colonized；(5) growing season management；(6) bear fruit period management etc., the various watermelon nutrient solutions of cultural method and trickle irrigation through the invention, U.S. moon watermelon of giving stable high yields irrespective of drought or water logging guarantees the watermelon of 1 year 5 batches of stable market supply high-quality.U.S. moon watermelon pol is stablized 13% or more, and for U.S. every batch of stable yield of moon watermelon at 2000 kilograms or more per acre, product certified product rate is more than 92%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of plant cultivation, are related to a kind of cultivating watermelon method, and in particular to a kind of suitable torrid areas
U.S. moon watermelon soilless culture method.
Background technique
U.S. moon watermelon is the new water melon breed of the autonomous breeding in Hainan Province, which can be in the cultivation of Hainan Tropical district facility
Whole year production can plant 5 batches every year, and year per mu yield reaches 10000~12500 kilograms.The method of general planting watermelon is simultaneously uncomfortable
U.S. moon variety of watermelon is closed, reason is by the following:
One, watermelon avoids continuous cropping, while U.S. moon kind is not suitable for grafting.Conventional soil cultivation is not suitable for planting watermelon in the anniversary,
It especially cannot continuously plant non-grafting, i.e. seedling.Pass through the observation in 2013~2,015 3 years years, control soilless cultivation beauty
The moon, seedling watermelon center pol was 13%~14%, and watermelon grafting and wilt disease death rate are 1%~2%, and yield is mu
Produce 2250~2500 kilograms；The U.S. moon seedling of conventional soil cultivation, watermelon grafting and wilt disease death rate be increased to 12%~
20%, yield is reduced to 1120~1500 kilograms of per mu yield.It is compared without soil and soil cultivation with control using U.S. moon grafting, in
Heart pol is reduced to 9%~10%, and pericarp is increased to 0.6~0.8cm from 0.4cm, loses the characteristic of the U.S. moon completely.
Two, U.S. moon growth of watermelon is higher to temperature requirement, in Hainan Tropical area, in addition to winter, other daytimes in season and
Evening temperature is all higher, and especially night temperature is more than to influence on U.S. moon quality of watermelon very big after 25 DEG C, and conventional cultivation either produces
Amount or qualitative effects are all very big.
Three, U.S. moon watermelon seed is smaller, and internal nutrient is far from satisfying seedling stage nutritional need.Conventional watermelon non-soil culture
Mode, using pure coco bran nursery, when applying fertilizer too early, in Hainan Tropical area, seedling is easy excessive growth；When not applying fertilizer early, watermelon
Seedling stage is easy de- fertilizer, and seedling growth is weak.Conventional watermelon seedling culturing, most of use compound fertilizers, urea or potassium dihydrogen phosphate 500~
1000 times of liquid apply fertilizer, fertilizer slow effect, while nutrient is not comprehensive enough, and commercial seedling cannot reach the requirement of strong sprout.
Four, conventional watermelon soilless cultivation is cultivated using coco bran as single-matrix, and U.S. moon watermelon is easy to fertilizer deficiency, causes
Later period yield is greatly reduced.If increasing significantly trickle irrigation amount in order not to fertilizer deficiency, it is easy to influence root system development, causes the later period dead
Seedling.Meanwhile conventional Watermelon Fertilization, the same day carries out pouring clear water to watermelon seedling root system after field planting, and Hainan Tropical area is watered at once
Fertilising, U.S. moon watermelon are easy to happen the diseases such as samping off.
Five, conventional cultivating watermelon fertilization mode, be easy to cause watermelon calcium deficiency, boron deficiency, magnesium deficiency, slightly subtracts in overall productivity
Few, the certified product rate of fruit significantly reduces.
Therefore, it is badly in need of a kind of U.S. moon watermelon soilless culture method of suitable torrid areas.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of U.S. moon watermelon soilless culture method of suitable torrid areas, the cultural methods
Can give stable high yields irrespective of drought or water logging U.S. moon watermelon, guarantee the watermelon of 1 year 5 batches of stable market supply high-quality.U.S. moon watermelon pol stablize 13% with
On, for U.S. every batch of stable yield of moon watermelon at 2000 kilograms or more per acre, product certified product rate is more than 92%.
To achieve the goals above, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: provide the U.S. moon watermelon of suitable torrid areas a kind of without
Native cultural method, comprising the following steps:
(1) presoaking and germinating
A, U.S. moon watermelon seed is basked seeds 1~3 hour before seed soaking；
B, it is soaked seed 5~7 minutes using 100~200 times of liquid of seaweeds (fast precious)；
C, 45~60 DEG C of water seed soaking is then used, stirs 10~20 minutes while soaking seed, after natural cooling again
Seed soaking 4~6 hours, after seed soaking, multiple Reusability clear water to wash seed by rubbing with the hands, washes away the mucus of the surface of the seed；
Conventional water seed soaking vernalization, U.S. moon watermelon bud ratio maintain 78~82%, and budding uniformity is poor, and successively emergence is wanted
6~8 days, before routinely seed soaking, the present invention was soaked seed 5~7 minutes using 100~200 times of liquid of seaweeds fertilizer (fast precious), watermelon
Seed germination rate is increased between 88~95%, and successively emergence control was at 3~4 days.
(2) nursery
A, the sheep dung of the content of organic matter >=45% is chosen, fermentation process is carried out, it is spare；Sheep dung fertilizer efficiency in organic fertilizer is low,
Fertilizer damage will not be generated, and fully meets mini watermelon seedling stage nutritional need；
B, decomposed after being mixed by coco bran with the ratio uniform that the volume ratio of sheep dung is 5~7:1, seedling medium is obtained, it is spare；
C, seedling medium is fitted into seedlings nursing plate, seed lies down program request, covers seedling medium after broadcasting immediately；Per inferior surface layer
Seedling medium is done, that is, sprays a small amount of clear water, keeps surface layer seedling medium wet；
D, until U.S. moon watermelon seedling grows to two leaves wholeheartedly, each every plant of watermelon seedling sprays the west of 35~40ml, PH 5.8
Melon seedling phase nutrient solution sprays watermelon seedling stage nutrient solution after matrix is dry again.Seedling raising manners of the invention, seedling well developed root system, children
Seedling is healthy and strong, and the requirement of strong sprout is fully achieved in commercial seedling.When extraneous illumination reaches 4~4.5 ten thousand lux, sunshade net is opened, is hidden
Light rate 70~75%；When ambient light is according to 5~5.5 ten thousand lux is reached, sunshade net is opened to shading rate 100%；
(3) canopy is smoked
Before field planting, canopy is smoked using sulphur, is fumigated two days；
(4) it is colonized
A, decomposed after being mixed by coco bran with the ratio uniform that the volume ratio of sheep dung is 4~7:1, obtain cultivation matrix；Field planting
The previous day irrigates cultivation matrix with clear water；
B, when watermelon seedling is grown to three leaves wholeheartedly, watermelon seedling is colonized from seedlings nursing plate to the cultivation in glass or plastic greenhouse
In matrix, resident time opens sunshade net, or cloudy day in fine day afternoon；When field planting, temperature control is at 32 DEG C in glasshouse
Hereinafter, envionmental humidity 60~80%, cultivation matrix humid control is 75~85%；It handles with care when field planting by seedling, it should not
Root is hurt, and together by the consistent seed of growing way；The same day does not water after field planting (because in Hainan Tropical area, pours at once
Water fertilising, U.S. moon watermelon seedling are easy to happen the diseases such as samping off)；
C, second day after field planting, pouring watermelon seedling after being mixed with organic promoter adding water soluble balance fertilizer, every plant 100~
150ml；If it is the old matrix of reuse, organic promoter is only used, without using water-soluble balance fertilizer；Organic promoter promotees
Into root growth, the U.S. weak root system of moon mini watermelon is actively overcome the problems, such as；Water-soluble balance fertilizer absorbability is good, and effect is fast, with sheep dung
It combines, nutrient lasting enough is provided to plant；
Fine day in two days after field planting opens sunshade net, shading rate 70 when extraneous illumination reaches 4~4.5 ten thousand lux
~75%；When ambient light is according to 5~5.5 ten thousand lux is reached, sunshade net is opened to shading rate 100%；
(5) growing season management
A, third day after field planting, when water content of substrate is lower than 50%, when fine, every morning trickle irrigation 1~2 time, often
The watermelon growing phase nutrient solution of 100~120ml of secondary every plant of watermelon seedling trickle irrigation, PH 5.8；It is opened if delayed when continuous rainy days 2 days
Beginning trickle irrigation；
B, watermelon seedling is climing grows to 45~55cm, starts hanging tendril, during which gradually increases trickle irrigation amount, the daily trickle irrigation 3~5 of fine day
Secondary, if control () at 9 points, 11 points twice in the morning, once control (2 pm) in the afternoon, and each every plant of watermelon seedling trickle irrigation 100~
The watermelon growing phase nutrient solution of 120ml, PH 5.8, when rainy days daily trickle irrigation 1~2 time (rainy days can reduce trickle irrigation in right amount)；
Summer is using single climing training type, other seasons, in order to guarantee that plant puts aside more nutrients, using double climing trainings；
C, into around the climing stage, trickle irrigation is stepped up by daily 3~5 times to 5~6 times, since 8 points of morning, average every 2
Hour trickle irrigation is primary；The watermelon growing phase nutrient solution of each every young plant trickle irrigation 100~120ml, PH 5.8, when rainy days, drip daily
Fill 2~3 times (rainy days can reduce trickle irrigation in right amount)；
(6) bear fruit period management
A, it in order to improve quality of watermelon, selects the 2nd and 3 female flower to be pollinated (more than general 11st true leaf), pollinates
Stage daily trickle irrigation 5~6 times, the watermelon of each every young plant trickle irrigation 160~200ml, PH 5.8 are beared fruit phase nutrient solution, when rainy days
Daily trickle irrigation 2~3 times (rainy days suitably reduces trickle irrigation)；
B, to harvesting the last week after pollination, fruit enters rapid expanding stage, and trickle irrigation amount is also required to improve rapidly, drips daily
Fill 7~8 times (when ambient temperature is more than 30 DEG C, increasing to 8 times), the watermelon of each every young plant trickle irrigation 160~200ml, PH 5.8
Bear fruit phase nutrient solution, when rainy days is trickle irrigation 3~4 times daily；
C, after watermelon is beared fruit 5~7 days (fruit grows to egg size), pouring normal concentration manually is 800~1000 times of liquid
High nitrogen fertilizer and high potash fertilizer mixed liquor 2~3 times, interval be 5~6 days；
D, watermelon harvests first 8~10 days, gradually reduces trickle irrigation number, until harvesting first 2 days stopping trickle irrigations.
Further, step (5) the growing season management stage, if continuous one week or more day temperature is more than 30 DEG C,
Spray within every 5~7 days a boron fertilizer and calcareous fertilisers mixed liquor, concentration is 1500 times of liquid, in the case of other, sprays a boron within every 10 days
Fertilizer, every time 1000 times of liquid；
Further, the step (6) is beared fruit the period management stage, if continuous one week day temperature is more than 30 DEG C, every 5~
Spray within 7 days a boron fertilizer and calcareous fertilisers mixed liquor, concentration is 1500 times of liquid, in the case of other, sprays a boron fertilizer within every 10 days, every time
1000 times of liquid.
Further, the watermelon seedling stage nutrient solution is added in 1 cube of water by the ingredient of following weight forms: ammonium sulfate
390~410g, 13% 6~8g of chelated iron, 295~305g of calcium superphosphate, 390~410g of potassium chloride, 390~410g of magnesium sulfate,
2.5~3.5g of boric acid, 0.01~0.03g of manganese sulfate, 0.04~0.06g of sodium molybdate, 0.09~0.11g of copper sulphate, zinc sulfate
0.21~0.23g.
Further, the watermelon growing phase nutrient solution is added in 1 cube of water by the ingredient of following weight forms: nitric acid
816~836g of calcium, 13% 13~16g of chelated iron, 176~185g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 365~375g of magnesium sulfate, potassium nitrate 601~
617g, 115~125g of potassium sulfate, 1.8~2.3g of manganese sulfate, 2.6~3.2g of boric acid, 0.1~0.3g of zinc sulfate, copper sulphate 0.06
~0.08g, 0.01~0.03g of ammonium molybdate.
Further, watermelon phase nutrient solution of bearing fruit is added in 1 cube of water by the ingredient of following weight and forms: nitric acid
1109~1139g of calcium, 13% 7~9g of chelated iron, 190~210g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 440~460g of magnesium sulfate, potassium nitrate 625~
635g, 33~38g of potassium sulfate, 1.6~1.9g of manganese sulfate, 2.3~2.6g of boric acid, 1.4~1.6g of zinc sulfate, copper sulphate 0.1~
0.3g, 0.08~0.12g of ammonium molybdate.
Following preparation is needed before plantation:
A, installation drop arrow pipeline.The nutrient solution in watermelon various stages acts on plant root by droping irrigating pipe.
B, wire is installed, wire height is located at right above drop arrow pipeline 3~3.5 meters, the parallel installation 2 of every plantation row
Bar wirerope, left and right are evenly distributed on right above drop arrow pipeline, and 60~70 centimetres of wirerope spacing.
C, about 3 millimeters of solid diameter mellow and full of plastic ties of surface are cut into 4 meters to be tied on steel wire, distance is 20 centimetres.
D, coco bran is mixed in proportion with sheep dung, cultivation matrix is loaded on planting container, puts planting container.
The present invention is suitble to the U.S. moon watermelon soilless culture method of torrid areas to have the advantages that
One, cultural method through the invention, U.S. moon watermelon of giving stable high yields irrespective of drought or water logging guarantee 1 year 5 batches of stable market supply high-quality
Watermelon.U.S. moon watermelon pol is stablized 13% or more, and U.S. every batch of stable yield of moon watermelon is at 2000 kilograms or more per acre, and product is just
Product rate is more than 92%.
Two, the fertilizer that the present invention is used by conventional cultivation mode is sought by the watermelon that compound fertilizer or Water soluble fertilizer change the various stages into
Nutrient solution, since watermelon nutrient solution is the fertile feature special configuration of suction for U.S. moon watermelon, so having fully met plant growth
Demand, so that U.S. moon watermelon is reached optimum state.
Three, cultural method through the invention, the U.S. moon Watermelon Fruit of harvest are short ellipse, pericarp bottle green, cover ink
Green rack gear band, 1.5~2 kilograms of mean fruit weight, pulp is red, and center sugar content is stablized 13% or more, side sugar 9%,
0.3~0.4 centimetre of skin depth, meat is fine and smooth, just melt in the mouth, and quality is splendid or even watermelon flesh and pericarp can be eaten simultaneously together
With.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
Using Dutch Lip river type glasshouse, 3840 square metres of area, planting container used is plastics planting pot, and basin is suitable for reading
Long 64cm, wide 40cm, the lower long 54cm of mouth, wide 29cm, the high 18cm of basin, using double climing trainings.Seed soaking time to collecting time is
2014/10/9~2014/12/30,33 DEG C when noon maximum temperature is sowed by early period 28 DEG C finally dropped to when harvesting.This hair
The U.S. moon watermelon soilless culture method of bright suitable torrid areas, comprising the following steps:
1, presoaking and germinating
U.S. moon watermelon seed is basked seeds 2 hours before seed soaking, is soaked seed 5 minutes using 100 times of liquid of seaweeds fertilizer (fast precious)；So
The water seed soaking for using 55 DEG C afterwards, stirs 15 minutes while soaking seed, soaks seed again after natural cooling 4 hours.After seed soaking,
It wants multiple Reusability clear water to wash seed by rubbing with the hands, washes away the mucus of the surface of the seed.
2, nursery
In U.S. moon mini watermelon nursery, uniform mixed organic matter content >=45% and progress fermentation process in seedling medium
Sheep dung.Quantity is volume ratio coco bran: sheep dung=5:1, and uniform stirring is packed into the 33 hole seedlings nursing plates of 56*35 at seedling medium
In, seed lies down program request, and 1, each hole covers seedling medium immediately after broadcasting.Each surface layer matrix is done later, i.e. spray is a small amount of
Clear water keeps surface layer seedling medium wet；Until U.S. moon watermelon seedling grows to two leaves wholeheartedly, each every plant of watermelon seedling is sprayed
The watermelon seedling stage nutrient solution of 35ml, PH 5.8 sprays again after matrix is dry.When extraneous illumination reaches 4~4.5 ten thousand lux,
Open sunshade net, shading rate 70~75%；When ambient light is according to 5~5.5 ten thousand lux is reached, sunshade net is opened to shading rate
100%；
3, canopy is smoked
Before field planting, canopy is smoked using sulphur, is fumigated two days；
4, early-stage preparations are colonized
Before field planting, by coco bran: it is decomposed after sheep dung volume ratio 5:1 mixing to be used as cultivation matrix, field planting the previous day, use clear water
Cultivation matrix is irrigated, the same day does not water after field planting, and after field planting, cultivation matrix early period lacks trickle irrigation, promotes root growth.In Hainan craze
Band area, is easy to happen the diseases such as samping off horse back watering, fertilizing, the U.S. moon.
5, it is colonized
When watermelon seedling is grown to three leaves wholeheartedly, in field planting to glasshouse, 3 plants of every basin field planting triangular in shape, line-spacing 1.5
Rice, 20 centimetres of spacing in the rows, per acre 1716 plants.Resident time best fine day afternoon opens sunshade net, or cloudy day, and is colonized it
Fine day noon opens sunshade net in two days afterwards.When field planting, temperature control is at 32 DEG C hereinafter, envionmental humidity in glasshouse
60%, cultivation matrix humid control is 75%；It handles with care when field planting by seedling, not hurt root, and by the consistent seedling of growing way
Kind is together.1~2 centimeters of side that arrow is inserted in root system are dripped when field planting, and root is promoted to be unfolded.Second day after field planting, with root cyclopentadienyl 300
Times liquid, which adds, spends intact 1200 times of liquid of 20-20-20 water solubility balance fertilizer to pour watermelon seedling manually, and every plant of 100ml makes if it is secondary
Old matrix, only uses promoter, without using water-soluble balance fertilizer.Promoter promotes root growth, actively overcomes the U.S. moon small
The problem of watermelon weak root system.Water soluble fertilizer absorbability is good, and effect is fast, combines with sheep dung, and nutrient lasting enough is provided to plant.
The secondary old matrix used contains enough nutrients in matrix, it is only necessary to promoter promoting root growth.
Fine day in two days after field planting opens sunshade net, shading rate when extraneous illumination reaches 4~4.5 ten thousand lux
70%；When ambient light is according to 5~5.5 ten thousand lux is reached, sunshade net is opened to shading rate 100%.
6, growing season management
Third day after field planting when fine, begins to use the watermelon of PH=5.8 raw when water content of substrate is lower than 50%
Long-term nutrition liquid carries out trickle irrigation to plant, and every morning trickle irrigation 1~2 time, each every young plant trickle irrigation 100ml, trickle irrigation is using fertilising
Machine automatic dripping irrigation.If continuous rainy days delays 2 days beginning trickle irrigations.
Pinching starts hanging tendril, leaves and takes two when watermelon seedling is climing grows to 50cm or so after plant grows to the 5th leaf expansion
The lateral bine of item stalwartness, other lateral bines are destroyed.Period gradually increases trickle irrigation amount, the daily trickle irrigation of fine day 3 times or so, the morning twice (9
Point, 11 points), afternoon is primary (2 pm), the watermelon growing phase nutrient solution of each every young plant trickle irrigation 100ml, PH=5.8, the cloudy day
Trickle irrigation can be reduced in right amount.
Trickle irrigation amount is gradually increased after hanging tendril, into around the climing stage, except two main stem remaining lateral bines are all destroyed.Trickle irrigation by
It is stepped up 3 times a day to 5 times, since 8 points of morning, is filled within average every 2 hours primary.Each every young plant trickle irrigation 100ml, PH=
5.8 watermelon growing phase nutrient solution, cloudy day can reduce trickle irrigation in right amount.
The growing season management stage sprays a boron fertilizer in every 5~7 days if continuous one week or more day temperature is more than 30 DEG C
With calcareous fertilisers mixed liquor, concentration is 1500 times of liquid, in the case of other, sprays a boron fertilizer within every 10 days, every time 1000 times of liquid.
7, bear fruit period management
In order to improve quality of watermelon, the 2nd and 3 female flower is selected to be pollinated (more than general 11st true leaf).This rank
Section trickle irrigation is stabilized to left and right 5 times a day, when ambient temperature is more than 30 DEG C, increases to 6 times, each every young plant trickle irrigation 160ml, PH=
5.8 watermelon bear fruit phase nutrient solution, suitably reduce trickle irrigation rainy days.
After pollination, 34~36 leaves is stayed to pinch, best fine day topping.Fruit enters rapid expanding stage, trickle irrigation amount
It is also required to improve rapidly, daily trickle irrigation increases to 7 times from 5 times, when ambient temperature is more than 30 DEG C, increases to 8 times, each every young plant
The watermelon of trickle irrigation 200ml, PH=5.8 are beared fruit phase nutrient solution, suitably reduce trickle irrigation rainy days.
After watermelon is beared fruit, fruit grows to egg size, pours compound fertilizer's potassium treasured and sheng, a reed pipe wind instrument peptide organic fertilizer 2~3 times, interval manually
Phase is 5~6 days.Watermelon after bearing fruit every young plant select and remain a standard compliant melon in time, remaining is thinning out, dredge melon principle be -- stay
Just go it is askew, stay length go to justify, stay height to go low.Watermelon grow to adult fist it is big when, set net can be carried out.Manual trickle irrigation is moved later
The precious 300 times of liquid of prestige potassium and high potassium spend intact 1000 times of liquid.
Bear fruit the period management stage, if continuous one week day temperature is more than 30 DEG C, sprays a boron fertilizer and calcium within every 5~7 days
Fertile mixed liquor, concentration is 1500 times of liquid, in the case of other, sprays a boron fertilizer within every 10 days, every time 1000 times of liquid.
Watermelon harvests first 10 days, gradually reduces trickle irrigation number, until harvesting first 2 days stopping trickle irrigations.Water is controlled in the maturity period
Phase, watermelon do not need too many illumination, at this time can ahead of time open sunshade net, 9 points of fine day or so.
The watermelon seedling stage nutrient solution is added in 1 cube of water by the ingredient of following weight to be formed: ammonium sulfate 390g, 13%
Chelated iron 6g, calcium superphosphate 295g, potassium chloride 390g, magnesium sulfate 390g, boric acid 2.5g, manganese sulfate 0.01g, sodium molybdate 0.04g,
Copper sulphate 0.09g, zinc sulfate 0.21g.
The watermelon growing phase nutrient solution is added in 1 cube of water by the ingredient of following weight to be formed: calcium nitrate 816g,
13% chelated iron 13g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 176g, magnesium sulfate 365g, potassium nitrate 601g, potassium sulfate 115g, manganese sulfate 1.8g, boric acid
2.6g, zinc sulfate 0.1g, copper sulphate 0.06g, ammonium molybdate 0.01g.
Watermelon phase nutrient solution of bearing fruit is added in 1 cube of water by the ingredient of following weight and forms: calcium nitrate 1109g,
13% chelated iron 7g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 190g, magnesium sulfate 440g, potassium nitrate 625g, potassium sulfate 33g, manganese sulfate 1.6g, boric acid
2.3g, zinc sulfate 1.4g, copper sulphate 0.1g, ammonium molybdate 0.08g.
The watermelon parameter comparison that 1 conventional cultivation of table and 1 cultural method of the embodiment of the present invention obtain.
Control group 1: conventional using pure coconut palm health as seedling medium and cultivation matrix, while using conventional cultural method
Watermelon seedling stage, watermelon growing phase and the phase of bearing fruit are all made of following fertilising liquid and (are added to group in 1 cube of water by the ingredient of following weight
At): 950~1050 grams of calcium nitrate, 120~130 grams of potassium sulfate, 240~260 grams of magnesium sulfate, crosses phosphorus at 290~320 grams of potassium nitrate
240~260 grams of sour calcium, 2.7~2.9 grams of boric acid, 1.7~1.9 grams of manganese chloride, copper sulphate 0.0.7~0.09 gram, zinc sulfate 0.1
~0.3 gram, 0.01~0.03 gram of ammonium molybdate；Test 10 rows.
From table 1 it follows that the U.S. moon watermelon soilless cultivation side of 1 suitable torrid areas through the embodiment of the present invention
The watermelon parameters of method, watermelon seedling and harvest are preferable with respect to conventional cultivation.
Embodiment 2
Using Dutch Lip river type glasshouse, planting container used is planting pot, using single climing training.Seed soaking time is to adopting
It is 2014/4/17---2014/6/21 between time receiving, noon on daytime temperature is gradually increased to 36 DEG C by 32 DEG C, and the later period, which opens in greenhouse, drops
Warm equipment carries out being cooled to 31 DEG C or so.The present invention is suitble to the U.S. moon watermelon soilless culture method of torrid areas, including following step
It is rapid:
1, presoaking and germinating
U.S. moon watermelon seed is basked seeds 1 hour before seed soaking, is soaked seed 7 minutes using 200 times of liquid of seaweeds fertilizer (fast precious)；So
The water seed soaking for using 45 DEG C afterwards, stirs 10 minutes while soaking seed, soaks seed again after natural cooling 5 hours.After seed soaking,
It wants multiple Reusability clear water to wash seed by rubbing with the hands, washes away the mucus of the surface of the seed.
2, nursery
In U.S. moon mini watermelon nursery, uniform mixed organic matter content >=45% and progress fermentation process in seedling medium
Sheep dung.Quantity is volume ratio coco bran: sheep dung=6:1, and uniform stirring is packed into the 33 hole seedlings nursing plates of 56*35 at seedling medium
In, seed lies down program request, and 1, each hole covers seedling medium immediately after broadcasting.It is sprayed every time when stromal surface is dry later a small amount of clear
Water, until U.S. moon watermelon seedling grows to two leaves wholeheartedly, each every plant of watermelon seedling sprays the watermelon seedling stage battalion of 40ml, PH 5.8 every time
Nutrient solution sprays again after matrix is dry.When extraneous illumination reaches 4~4.5 ten thousand lux, sunshade net, shading rate 70~75% are opened；
When ambient light is according to 5~5.5 ten thousand lux is reached, sunshade net is opened to shading rate 100%；
3, canopy is smoked
Before field planting, canopy is smoked using sulphur, is fumigated two days；
4, early-stage preparations are colonized
Before field planting, by coco bran: being used as cultivation matrix after sheep dung volume ratio 6:1 mixing, field planting the previous day, irrigated with clear water
Cultivation matrix, the same day does not water after field planting, in Hainan Tropical area, is easy to happen the diseases such as samping off by horse back watering, fertilizing, the U.S. moon
Evil.
5, it is colonized
When watermelon seedling is grown to three leaves wholeheartedly, in field planting to glasshouse, using matrix basin, 3 plants of every basins are triangular in shape fixed
It plants, 1.5 meters of line-spacing, 20 centimetres of spacing in the rows, per acre 1748 plants.It opens sunshade net, or cloudy day in resident time best fine day afternoon, and
And two days fine day noons opened sunshade net after being colonized.When field planting, temperature control is at 32 DEG C hereinafter, environment is relatively wet in glasshouse
Degree 70%, cultivation matrix humid control is 80%；It handles with care when field planting by seedling, not hurt root, and growing way is consistent
Seed is together.
Arrow is dripped when field planting and is inserted in 1~2 centimeters beside root system, and root is promoted to be unfolded.The best fine day of resident time in the afternoon, is opened
Sunshade net, or cloudy day, and two days fine day noons opened sunshade net after field planting.Second day after field planting, added with the luxuriant 300 times of liquid of root
Intact 1200 times of liquid of 20-20-20 water solubility balance fertilizer are spent to pour watermelon seedling manually, every plant of about 120ml is used if it is secondary
Old matrix, only uses promoter, without using water-soluble balance fertilizer.Promoter promotes root growth, actively overcomes U.S. moon mini watermelon
The problem of weak root system.Water-soluble balance fertilizer absorbability is good, and effect is fast, combines with sheep dung, provides lasting enough support to plant
Point.The secondary old matrix used contains enough nutrients in matrix, it is only necessary to promoter promoting root growth.
Two days fine days after field planting open sunshade net, shading rate when extraneous illumination reaches 4~4.5 ten thousand lux
75%；When ambient light is according to 5~5.5 ten thousand lux is reached, sunshade net is opened to shading rate 100%.
6, growing season management
Third day after field planting when fine, begins to use the watermelon of PH=5.8 raw when water content of substrate is lower than 50%
Long-term nutrition liquid carries out trickle irrigation to plant, and every morning trickle irrigation 1~2 time, each every young plant trickle irrigation 120ml, trickle irrigation is using fertilising
Machine automatic dripping irrigation.If continuous rainy days delays 2 days beginning trickle irrigations.
50cm or so is grown to when watermelon is climing, starts hanging tendril, leaves and takes 1 healthy and strong main stem, other lateral bines are destroyed.Period is gradually
Trickle irrigation amount is increased, the daily trickle irrigation of fine day 3 times or so, the morning, afternoon was primary (at 3 points in afternoon) twice (9 points, 11 points), and every plant every time
The watermelon growing phase nutrient solution of seedling trickle irrigation 120ml, PH=5.8, can reduce trickle irrigation rainy days in right amount.
Trickle irrigation amount is gradually increased after hanging tendril, into around the climing stage, except main stem remaining lateral bine is all destroyed.Trickle irrigation by
It is stepped up 3 times a day to 5 times, since 8 points of morning, is filled within average every 2 hours primary.Each every young plant trickle irrigation 120ml, PH=
5.8 watermelon growing phase nutrient solution, can reduce trickle irrigation rainy days in right amount.
The growing season management stage sprays a boron fertilizer in every 5~7 days if continuous one week or more day temperature is more than 30 DEG C
With calcareous fertilisers mixed liquor, concentration is 1500 times of liquid, in the case of other, sprays a boron fertilizer within every 10 days, every time 1000 times of liquid.
7, bear fruit period management
In order to improve quality of watermelon, the 2nd and 3 female flower is selected to be pollinated (more than general 11st true leaf).This rank
Section trickle irrigation is stabilized to left and right 5 times a day, when ambient temperature is more than 30 DEG C, increases to 6 times, each every young plant trickle irrigation 200ml, PH=
5.8 watermelon is beared fruit phase nutrient solution, suitably reduces trickle irrigation rainy days.
To harvesting the last week after pollination, 34~36 leaves are stayed to pinch, best fine day topping.Fruit enters swollen rapidly
Big phase, trickle irrigation amount are also required to improve rapidly, and daily trickle irrigation increases to 7 times from 5 times, when ambient temperature is more than 30 DEG C, increase to 8
Secondary, the watermelon of each every young plant trickle irrigation 200ml, PH=5.8 are beared fruit phase nutrient solution, suitably reduce trickle irrigation rainy days.
After watermelon is beared fruit, fruit grows to egg size, pours 300 times of Norway's potassium treasured manually and spends intact 20-20-20 water-soluble
Sexual balance fertilizer 1000 times liquid 2~3 times, interval be 5~6 days.Watermelon sit melon after every young plant select and remain in time one it is standard compliant
Melon, remaining is thinning out.Dredge melon principle be -- stay just go it is askew, stay length go to justify, stay height to go low.Watermelon grow to adult fist it is big when,
It can carry out set net.Later can the precious 300 times of liquid of manual trickle irrigation Norway potassium and high potassium spend intact 1000 times of liquid.
Bear fruit the period management stage, if continuous one week day temperature is more than 30 DEG C, sprays a boron fertilizer and calcium within every 5~7 days
Fertile mixed liquor, concentration is 1500 times of liquid, in the case of other, sprays a boron fertilizer within every 10 days, every time 1000 times of liquid.
Watermelon harvests first 10 days, gradually reduces trickle irrigation number, until harvesting first 2 days stopping trickle irrigations.Water is controlled in the maturity period
Phase, watermelon do not need too many illumination, at this time can ahead of time open sunshade net, 9 points of fine day or so.
The watermelon seedling stage nutrient solution is added in 1 cube of water by the ingredient of following weight to be formed: ammonium sulfate 400g, 13%
Chelated iron 7g, calcium superphosphate 300g, potassium chloride 400g, magnesium sulfate 400g, boric acid 3g, manganese sulfate 0.02g, sodium molybdate 0.05g, sulphur
Sour copper 0.10g, zinc sulfate 0.22g.
The watermelon growing phase nutrient solution is added in 1 cube of water by the ingredient of following weight to be formed: calcium nitrate 820g,
13% chelated iron 15g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 180g, magnesium sulfate 370g, potassium nitrate 610g, potassium sulfate 120g, manganese sulfate 2.0g, boric acid
3.0g, zinc sulfate 0.2g, copper sulphate 0.07g, ammonium molybdate 0.02g.
Watermelon phase nutrient solution of bearing fruit is added in 1 cube of water by the ingredient of following weight and forms: calcium nitrate 1120g,
13% chelated iron 8g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 200g, magnesium sulfate 450g, potassium nitrate 630g, potassium sulfate 35g, manganese sulfate 1.8g, boric acid
2.5g, zinc sulfate 1.5g, copper sulphate 0.2g, ammonium molybdate 0.10g.
The watermelon parameter comparison that 2 conventional cultivation of table and 2 cultural method of the embodiment of the present invention obtain.
Control group 2: conventional using pure coconut palm health as seedling medium and cultivation matrix, while using conventional cultural method
Watermelon seedling stage, watermelon growing phase and the phase of bearing fruit are all made of following fertilising liquid and (are added to group in 1 cube of water by the ingredient of following weight
At): 950~1050 grams of calcium nitrate, 120~130 grams of potassium sulfate, 240~260 grams of magnesium sulfate, crosses phosphorus at 290~320 grams of potassium nitrate
240~260 grams of sour calcium, 2.7~2.9 grams of boric acid, 1.7~1.9 grams of manganese chloride, copper sulphate 0.0.7~0.09 gram, zinc sulfate 0.1
~0.3 gram, 0.01~0.03 gram of ammonium molybdate；Test 10 rows.
From Table 2, it can be seen that the U.S. moon watermelon soilless cultivation side of 1 suitable torrid areas through the embodiment of the present invention
The watermelon parameters of method, watermelon seedling and harvest are preferable with respect to conventional cultivation.
Embodiment 3
Using zigzag plastic greenhouse net canopy, 1824 square metres of area, planting container used is non-woven fabrics planting bag, model
For 35*30 (height * diameter) square centimeter, using double climing trainings, seed soaking time to collecting time is 2015/9/21---2015/
11/30, noon on daytime temperature is gradually decreased to 28 DEG C by 33 DEG C.The present invention is suitble to the U.S. moon watermelon soilless cultivation side of torrid areas
Method, comprising the following steps:
1, presoaking and germinating
U.S. moon watermelon seed is basked seeds 3 hours before vernalization, is soaked seed 6 minutes using 200 times of liquid of seaweeds fertilizer (fast precious)；So
The water seed soaking for using 60 DEG C afterwards, stirs 20 minutes while soaking seed, soaks seed again after natural cooling 6 hours.After seed soaking,
It wants multiple Reusability clear water to wash seed by rubbing with the hands, washes away the mucus of the surface of the seed.
2, nursery
In U.S. moon mini watermelon nursery, uniform mixed organic matter content >=45% and progress fermentation process in seedling medium
Sheep dung, quantity is volume ratio coco bran: sheep dung=7:1, and uniform stirring is packed into the 33 hole seedlings nursing plates of 56*35 at seedling medium
In, seed lies down program request, and 1, each hole covers seedling medium immediately after broadcasting.Spray is a small amount of clear every time when stromal surface is dry later
Water keeps surface layer seedling medium wet；Until U.S. moon watermelon seedling grows to two leaves wholeheartedly, each every plant of watermelon seedling spray 38ml,
The watermelon seedling stage nutrient solution of PH 5.8 sprays again after matrix is dry.When extraneous illumination reaches 4~4.5 ten thousand lux, opens and hide
Screened postive, shading rate 70~75%；When ambient light is according to 5~5.5 ten thousand lux is reached, sunshade net is opened to shading rate 100%；
3, canopy is smoked
Before field planting, canopy is smoked using sulphur, is fumigated two days；
4, early-stage preparations are colonized
Before field planting, by coco bran: it is decomposed after sheep dung volume ratio 7:1 mixing to be used as cultivation matrix, field planting the previous day, use clear water
Cultivation matrix is irrigated, the same day does not water after field planting, and after field planting, cultivation matrix early period lacks trickle irrigation, promotes root growth.In Hainan craze
Band area, is easy to happen the diseases such as samping off horse back watering, fertilizing, the U.S. moon.
5, it is colonized
Watermelon seedling it is long to three leaves wholeheartedly when, in field planting to zigzag plastic greenhouse, using planting bag, 2 plants every bag, bag with
5 centimetres, 1.5 meters of line-spacing, 20 centimetres of spacing in the rows, per acre 1700 plants of the interval of bag.Resident time best fine day afternoon, sunshade net is opened,
Or the cloudy day, and fine day noon opens sunshade net in two days after field planting.When field planting, in glasshouse temperature control 32 DEG C with
Under, envionmental humidity 80%, cultivation matrix humid control is 85%；It handles with care when field planting by seedling, not hurt root, and want
Together by the consistent seed of growing way.Arrow is dripped when field planting and is inserted in 1~2 centimeters beside root system, and root is promoted to be unfolded.Second after field planting
It, is added with the luxuriant 300 times of liquid of root and intact 1000 liquid times liquid of 20-20-20 water solubility balance fertilizer is spent to pour watermelon seedling manually, and every plant
120ml only uses promoter if it is the secondary old matrix used, does not use Water soluble fertilizer.Promoter promotes root growth, main
It is dynamic to overcome the problems, such as the U.S. weak root system of moon mini watermelon.Water soluble fertilizer absorbability is good, and effect is fast, combines with sheep dung, provides foot to plant
Enough lasting nutrients.The secondary old matrix used contains enough nutrients in matrix, it is only necessary to promoter promoting root growth.
Fine day in two days after field planting opens sunshade net, shading rate when extraneous illumination reaches 4~4.5 ten thousand lux
70%；When ambient light is according to 5~5.5 ten thousand lux is reached, sunshade net is opened to shading rate 100%.
6, growing season management
Third day after field planting, when water content of substrate be lower than 50%, when fine, begin to use PH=5.8, watermelon growing
Phase nutrient solution carries out trickle irrigation to plant, and every morning trickle irrigation 1~2 time, each every young plant trickle irrigation 110ml, trickle irrigation uses fertilizer applicator
Automatic dripping irrigation, if continuous rainy days delays 2 days beginning trickle irrigations.
The pinching after plant grows to the 5th leaf expansion, grows to 50cm or so when watermelon is climing, starts hanging tendril, leave and take two and be good for
Strong lateral bine, other lateral bines are destroyed.Period gradually increases trickle irrigation amount, the daily trickle irrigation of fine day 4 times or so, the morning twice (9 points, 11
Point), afternoon, the watermelon growing phase nutrient solution of each every young plant trickle irrigation 100ml, PH=5.8 were cloudy twice (2 pm, 4 points)
Trickle irrigation can be reduced in right amount.
Trickle irrigation amount is gradually increased after hanging tendril, into around the climing stage, except two main stem remaining lateral bines are all destroyed.Trickle irrigation by
It is stepped up 4 times a day to 5 times, since 8 points of morning, is filled within average every 2 hours primary.Each every young plant trickle irrigation 120ml, PH=
5.8 watermelon growing phase nutrient solution, cloudy day can reduce trickle irrigation in right amount.
The growing season management stage sprays a boron fertilizer in every 5~7 days if continuous one week or more day temperature is more than 30 DEG C
With calcareous fertilisers mixed liquor, concentration is 1500 times of liquid, in the case of other, sprays a boron fertilizer within every 10 days, every time 1000 times of liquid.
7, bear fruit period management
In order to improve quality of watermelon, the 2nd and 3 female flower is selected to be pollinated (more than general 11st true leaf).This rank
Section trickle irrigation is stabilized to left and right 5 times a day, and the watermelon of each every plant of trickle irrigation 180ml, PH=5.8 are beared fruit phase nutrient solution, ambient temperature
When more than 30 DEG C, increase to 6 times, rainy days suitably reduces trickle irrigation.
To harvesting the last week after pollination, 34~36 leaves are stayed to pinch, best fine day topping.Fruit enters swollen rapidly
Big phase, trickle irrigation amount are also required to improve rapidly, and daily trickle irrigation increases to 7 times from 5 times, when ambient temperature is more than 30 DEG C, increase to 8
Secondary, the watermelon of each every plant of trickle irrigation 200ml, PH=5.8 are beared fruit phase nutrient solution, suitably reduce trickle irrigation rainy days.
After watermelon is beared fruit, fruit grows to egg size, pours Norway's potassium treasured and sheng, a reed pipe wind instrument peptide organic fertilizer 2~3 times, interval manually
It is 5~6 days.Watermelon after bearing fruit every young plant select and remain a standard compliant melon in time, remaining is thinning out.Dredging melon principle is -- it stays just
Go it is askew, stay length go to justify, stay height to go low.Watermelon grow to adult fist it is big when, set net can be carried out.It later can Shou Guan Norway potassium
Precious 300 times of liquid and high potassium spend intact 1000 times of liquid.
Bear fruit the period management stage, if continuous one week day temperature is more than 30 DEG C, sprays a boron fertilizer and calcium within every 5~7 days
Fertile mixed liquor, concentration is 1500 times of liquid, in the case of other, sprays a boron fertilizer within every 10 days, every time 1000 times of liquid.
Watermelon harvests first 10 days, gradually reduces trickle irrigation number, until harvesting first 2 days stopping trickle irrigations.Water is controlled in the maturity period
Phase, watermelon do not need too many illumination, at this time can ahead of time open sunshade net, 9 points of fine day or so.
The watermelon seedling stage nutrient solution is added in 1 cube of water by the ingredient of following weight to be formed: ammonium sulfate 410g, 13%
Chelated iron 8g, calcium superphosphate 305g, potassium chloride 410g, magnesium sulfate 410g, boric acid 3.5g, manganese sulfate 0.03g, sodium molybdate 0.06g,
Copper sulphate 0.11g, zinc sulfate 0.23g.
The watermelon growing phase nutrient solution is added in 1 cube of water by the ingredient of following weight to be formed: calcium nitrate 836g,
13% chelated iron 16g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 185g, magnesium sulfate 375g, potassium nitrate 617g, potassium sulfate 125g, manganese sulfate 2.3g, boric acid
3.2g, zinc sulfate 0.3g, copper sulphate 0.08g, ammonium molybdate 0.03g.
Watermelon phase nutrient solution of bearing fruit is added in 1 cube of water by the ingredient of following weight and forms: calcium nitrate 1139g,
13% chelated iron 9g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 210g, magnesium sulfate 460g, potassium nitrate 635g, potassium sulfate 38g, manganese sulfate 1.9g, boric acid
2.6g, zinc sulfate 1.6g, copper sulphate 0.3g, ammonium molybdate 0.12g.
The watermelon parameter comparison that 3 conventional cultivation of table and 3 cultural method of the embodiment of the present invention obtain.
Check experiment 3: in embodiment 3 using the west for spending intact balancing water solubility fertilizer to substitute the various stages of the invention
Melon nutrient solution.Early period uses 20-20-20 water solubility balance fertilizer, three days use 1200 times of liquid of concentration after field planting, used dense after hanging tendril
Spend 1000 times of liquid, 800 times of liquid of concentration used in pollination period, fruit is long to egg size, using the precious 300 times of liquid of potassium increase potassium spend it is intact
1000 times of liquid after the sizing of watermelon size, increase potassium using the precious 300 times of liquid of Norway's potassium and spend intact 800 times of liquid.Dosage such as embodiment 3
Shown in.Test 10 rows.
From table 3 it is observed that the U.S. moon watermelon soilless cultivation side of 3 suitable torrid areas through the embodiment of the present invention
The watermelon parameters of method, watermelon seedling and harvest are preferable with respect to conventional cultivation.
Embodiment 4
Using zigzag plastic greenhouse net canopy, 1824 square metres of area, planting container used is non-woven fabrics planting bag, model
It is 35*30 (height * diameter) square centimeter using single climing training mode, seed soaking time to collecting time is 2015/5/10--
2015/7/22, noon on daytime temperature is gradually raised to 36 DEG C from 32 DEG C, opens external sunshade when high temperature day noon 11 is up to afternoon 3
Net.The present invention is suitble to the U.S. moon watermelon soilless culture method of torrid areas, comprising the following steps:
1, presoaking and germinating
U.S. moon watermelon seed is basked seeds 2.5 hours before seed soaking, is soaked seed 5 minutes using 150 times of liquid of seaweeds fertilizer (fast precious)；
Then the water seed soaking for using 50 DEG C, stirs 18 minutes while soaking seed, soaks seed again after natural cooling 5.5 hours.Seed soaking knot
Shu Hou wants multiple Reusability clear water to wash seed by rubbing with the hands, washes away the mucus of the surface of the seed.
2, nursery
In U.S. moon mini watermelon nursery, uniform mixed organic matter content >=45% and progress fermentation process in seedling medium
Sheep dung.Quantity is volume ratio coco bran: sheep dung=5:1, and uniform stirring is fitted into the 33 hole seedlings nursing plates of 56*35 at seedling medium,
Seed lies down program request, and 1, each hole covers seedling medium immediately after broadcasting.Each surface layer matrix is done later, i.e. spray is a small amount of clear
Water keeps surface layer seedling medium wet；Until U.S. moon watermelon seedling grows to two leaves wholeheartedly, each every plant of watermelon seedling spray 37ml,
The watermelon seedling stage nutrient solution of PH 5.8 sprays again after matrix is dry.When extraneous illumination reaches 4~4.5 ten thousand lux, opens and hide
Screened postive, shading rate 70~75%；When ambient light is according to 5~5.5 ten thousand lux is reached, sunshade net is opened to shading rate 100%.
3, canopy is smoked
Before field planting, canopy is smoked using sulphur, is fumigated two days；
4, early-stage preparations are colonized
Before field planting, by coco bran: it is decomposed after sheep dung volume ratio 5:1 mixing to be used as cultivation matrix, field planting the previous day, use clear water
Cultivation matrix is irrigated, the same day does not water after field planting, and after field planting, cultivation matrix early period lacks trickle irrigation, promotes root growth.In Hainan craze
Band area, is easy to happen the diseases such as samping off horse back watering, fertilizing, the U.S. moon.
5, it is colonized
Watermelon seedling it is long to three leaves wholeheartedly when, can be colonized in zigzag plastic greenhouse, using planting bag, 1 plant every bag,
Two rows are put, between bag and bag every 5 centimetres, 1.5 meters of line-spacing, 20 centimetres of spacing in the rows, per acre 1700 plants.Under the best fine day of resident time
Noon opens sunshade net, or cloudy day, and fine day noon opens sunshade net in two days after field planting.It is warm in glasshouse when field planting
Degree control is at 32 DEG C hereinafter, envionmental humidity 75%, cultivation matrix humid control is 75%.It handles with care when field planting by seedling,
Root is not hurt, and together by the consistent seed of growing way.1~2 centimeters of side that arrow is inserted in root system are dripped when field planting, are promoted
Root expansion.Second day after field planting, is added with the luxuriant 300 times of liquid of root and intact 1000 times of liquid of 20-20-20 water solubility balance fertilizer is spent to pour manually
Watermelon seedling, every plant of 150ml only use promoter if it is the secondary old matrix used, do not use Water soluble fertilizer.Promoter promotes
Root growth actively overcomes the problems, such as the U.S. weak root system of moon mini watermelon.Water soluble fertilizer absorbability is good, and effect is fast, combines with sheep dung, gives
Plant provides nutrient lasting enough.The secondary old matrix used contains enough nutrients in matrix, it is only necessary to promoter promoting root growth.
Fine day in two days after field planting opens sunshade net, shading rate when extraneous illumination reaches 4~4.5 ten thousand lux
70%；When ambient light is according to 5~5.5 ten thousand lux is reached, sunshade net is opened to shading rate 100%.
6, growing season management
Third day after field planting, when water content of substrate be lower than 50%, when fine, begin to use watermelon growing phase nutrient solution
Trickle irrigation is carried out to plant, every morning trickle irrigation 1~2 time, each every young plant trickle irrigation 115ml, trickle irrigation uses fertilizer applicator automatic dripping irrigation.
If continuous rainy days delays 2 days beginning trickle irrigations.
50cm or so is grown to when watermelon is climing, starts hanging tendril, leaves and takes healthy and strong main stem, other lateral bines are destroyed.Period gradually adds
Big trickle irrigation amount, the daily trickle irrigation of fine day 4 times or so, the morning, afternoon was primary (2 pm, 4 points) twice (9 points, 11 points), every every time
The watermelon growing phase nutrient solution of young plant trickle irrigation 120ml, PH=5.8, cloudy day can reduce trickle irrigation in right amount.
Trickle irrigation amount is gradually increased after hanging tendril, into around the climing stage, except main stem remaining lateral bine is all destroyed.Trickle irrigation by
Be stepped up 4 times a day to 5 times, since 7 points of morning, three times, two hours primary for trickle irrigation, afternoon twice, 2 points and 4 points each one
Secondary, the watermelon growing phase nutrient solution of each every young plant trickle irrigation 120ml, PH=5.8, the cloudy day can reduce trickle irrigation in right amount.
The growing season management stage sprays a boron fertilizer in every 5~7 days if continuous one week or more day temperature is more than 30 DEG C
With calcareous fertilisers mixed liquor, concentration is 1500 times of liquid, in the case of other, sprays a boron fertilizer within every 10 days, every time 1000 times of liquid.
7, bear fruit period management
In order to improve quality of watermelon, the 2nd and 3 female flower is selected to be pollinated (more than general 11st true leaf).This rank
Section trickle irrigation is stabilized to left and right 5 times a day, and the watermelon of each every plant of trickle irrigation 200ml, PH=5.8 are beared fruit phase nutrient solution, ambient temperature
When more than 30 DEG C, increase to 6 times, rainy days suitably reduces trickle irrigation.
To harvesting the last week after pollination, 34~36 leaves are stayed to pinch, best fine day topping.Fruit enters swollen rapidly
Big phase, trickle irrigation amount are also required to improve rapidly, and daily trickle irrigation increases to 7 times from 5 times, when ambient temperature is more than 30 DEG C, increase to 8
Secondary, each every plant of 200ml, the watermelon of PH=5.8 is beared fruit phase nutrient solution, suitably reduces trickle irrigation rainy days.
After watermelon is beared fruit, fruit grows to egg size, pours potassium treasured and sheng, a reed pipe wind instrument peptide organic fertilizer 2~3 times, interval 5 manually
~6 days.Watermelon after bearing fruit every young plant select and remain a standard compliant melon in time, remaining is thinning out.Dredging melon principle is -- it stays and just goes
It is askew, it stays length to go to justify, stays height to go low.Watermelon grow to adult fist it is big when, set net can be carried out.It later can Shou Guan Norway potassium treasured
300 times of liquid and high potassium spend intact 1000 times of liquid.
Bear fruit the period management stage, if continuous one week day temperature is more than 30 DEG C, sprays a boron fertilizer and calcium within every 5~7 days
Fertile mixed liquor, concentration is 1500 times of liquid, in the case of other, sprays a boron fertilizer within every 10 days, every time 1000 times of liquid.
Watermelon harvests first 10 days, gradually reduces trickle irrigation number, until harvesting first 2 days stopping trickle irrigations.Water is controlled in the maturity period
Phase, watermelon do not need too many illumination, at this time can ahead of time open sunshade net, 9 points of fine day or so.
The watermelon seedling stage nutrient solution is added in 1 cube of water by the ingredient of following weight to be formed: ammonium sulfate 395g, 13%
Chelated iron 7.5g, calcium superphosphate 302g, potassium chloride 395g, magnesium sulfate 408g, boric acid 2.8g, manganese sulfate 0.01g, sodium molybdate
0.04g, copper sulphate 0.11g, zinc sulfate 0.23g.
The watermelon growing phase nutrient solution is added in 1 cube of water by the ingredient of following weight to be formed: calcium nitrate 825g,
13% chelated iron 14g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 182g, magnesium sulfate 371g, potassium nitrate 615g, potassium sulfate 119g, manganese sulfate 1.8g, boric acid
2.6g, zinc sulfate 0.3g, copper sulphate 0.08g, ammonium molybdate 0.01g.
Watermelon phase nutrient solution of bearing fruit is added in 1 cube of water by the ingredient of following weight and forms: calcium nitrate 1109g,
13% chelated iron 9g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 190g, magnesium sulfate 450g, potassium nitrate 635g, potassium sulfate 33g, manganese sulfate 1.8g, boric acid
2.6g, zinc sulfate 1.4g, copper sulphate 0.1g, ammonium molybdate 0.08g.
The watermelon parameter comparison that 4 conventional cultivation of table and 4 cultural method of the embodiment of the present invention obtain.
Check experiment 4: normal trickle irrigation watermelon nutrient solution of the invention in example 4, later period not sprayed boric fertilizer do not fill potassium
Fertilizer.Test 10 rows.
As can be seen from Table 4, the U.S. moon watermelon soilless cultivation side of 4 suitable torrid areas through the embodiment of the present invention
The watermelon parameters of method, watermelon seedling and harvest are preferable with respect to conventional cultivation.
Above disclosed is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, cannot limit the right of the present invention with this certainly
Range, therefore equivalent changes made in accordance with the claims of the present invention still fall within the range that the present invention is covered.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of U.S. moon watermelon soilless culture method of suitable torrid areas, which comprises the following steps:
(1) presoaking and germinating
A, U.S. moon watermelon seed is basked seeds 1~3 hour before seed soaking；
B, it is soaked seed 5~7 minutes using 100~200 times of liquid of seaweeds；
C, 45~60 DEG C of water seed soaking is then used, is stirred while soaking seed 10~20 minutes, soaks seed 4 after natural cooling again
It~6 hours, after seed soaking, multiple Reusability clear water to wash seed by rubbing with the hands, washes away the mucus of the surface of the seed；
(2) nursery
A, the sheep dung of the content of organic matter >=45% is chosen, fermentation process is carried out, it is spare；
B, decomposed after being mixed by coco bran with the ratio uniform that the volume ratio of sheep dung is 5~7:1, seedling medium is obtained, it is spare；
C, seedling medium is fitted into seedlings nursing plate, seed lies down program request, covers seedling medium after broadcasting immediately；Per inferior surface layer nursery
Matrix is done, that is, sprays a small amount of clear water, keeps surface layer seedling medium wet；
D, until U.S. moon watermelon seedling grows to two leaves wholeheartedly, each every plant of watermelon seedling sprays the watermelon seedling of 35~40ml, PH 5.8
Phase nutrient solution sprays watermelon seedling stage nutrient solution after matrix is dry again；When extraneous illumination reaches 4~4.5 ten thousand lux, opens and hide
Screened postive, shading rate 70~75%；When ambient light is according to 5~5.5 ten thousand lux is reached, sunshade net is opened to shading rate 100%；
(3) canopy is smoked
Before field planting, canopy is smoked using sulphur, is fumigated two days；
(4) it is colonized
A, decomposed after being mixed by coco bran with the ratio uniform that the volume ratio of sheep dung is 4~7:1, obtain cultivation matrix；It is colonized previous
It, irrigates cultivation matrix with clear water；
B, when watermelon seedling is grown to three leaves wholeheartedly, watermelon seedling is colonized from seedlings nursing plate to the cultivation matrix in glass or plastic greenhouse
In, resident time opens sunshade net, or cloudy day in fine day afternoon；When field planting, temperature control is 32 in glass or plastic greenhouse
DEG C hereinafter, envionmental humidity 60~80%, cultivation matrix humid control is 75~85%；It handles with care when field planting by seedling, no
Root is hurt, and together by the consistent seed of growing way；The same day does not water after field planting；
C, second day after field planting, with pouring watermelon seedling after the mixing of organic promoter adding water soluble balance fertilizer, every plant of 100~150ml；
Fine day in two days after field planting, when extraneous illumination reaches 4~4.5 ten thousand lux, unlatching sunshade net, shading rate 70~
75%；When ambient light is according to 5~5.5 ten thousand lux is reached, sunshade net is opened to shading rate 100%；
(5) growing season management
A, third day after field planting, it is every morning trickle irrigation 1~2 time, every every time when fine when water content of substrate is lower than 50%
The watermelon growing phase nutrient solution of 100~120ml of strain watermelon seedling trickle irrigation, PH 5.8；Start to drip if delayed when continuous rainy days 2 days
It fills；
B, watermelon seedling is climing grows to 45~55cm, starts hanging tendril, the daily trickle irrigation of fine day 3~5 times, each every plant of watermelon seedling trickle irrigation 100
The watermelon growing phase nutrient solution of~120ml, PH 5.8, when rainy days, are trickle irrigation 1~2 time daily；Summer uses single climing training type,
Other seasons, using double climing trainings；
C, into around the climing stage, trickle irrigation is stepped up by daily 3~5 times to 5~6 times, every 2 hours average since 8 points of morning
Trickle irrigation is primary；The watermelon growing phase nutrient solution of each every young plant trickle irrigation 100~120ml, PH 5.8, when rainy days daily trickle irrigation 2
~3 times；
(6) bear fruit period management
A, select the 2nd and 3 female flower to pollinate, pollinate the stage daily trickle irrigation 5~6 times, every time every young plant trickle irrigation 160~
The watermelon of 200ml, PH 5.8 is beared fruit phase nutrient solution, and when rainy days is trickle irrigation 2~3 times daily；
B, to harvesting the last week, daily trickle irrigation 7~8 times, the watermelon of each every young plant trickle irrigation 160~200ml, PH 5.8 after pollination
Bear fruit phase nutrient solution, when rainy days is trickle irrigation 3~4 times daily；
C, after watermelon is beared fruit 5~7 days, the high nitrogen fertilizer and high potash fertilizer mixed liquor 2~3 times that concentration is 800~1000 times, interval are poured
Phase is 5~6 days；
D, watermelon harvests first 8~10 days, gradually reduces trickle irrigation number, irrigates until harvesting stopping in first 2 days.
2. the U.S. moon watermelon soilless culture method of suitable torrid areas as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step
(5) the growing season management stage sprays a boron fertilizer and calcareous fertilisers in every 5~7 days if continuous one week or more day temperature is more than 30 DEG C
Mixed liquor, concentration is 1500 times of liquid, in the case of other, sprays a boron fertilizer within every 10 days, every time 1000 times of liquid.
3. the U.S. moon watermelon soilless culture method of suitable torrid areas as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step
(6) bear fruit the period management stage, if continuous one week day temperature is more than 30 DEG C, spray within every 5~7 days a boron fertilizer and calcareous fertilisers mixing
Liquid, concentration is 1500 times of liquid, in the case of other, sprays a boron fertilizer within every 10 days, every time 1000 times of liquid.
4. the U.S. moon watermelon soilless culture method of suitable torrid areas as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the watermelon
Seedling stage nutrient solution is added in 1 cube of water by the ingredient of following weight to be formed: 390~410g of ammonium sulfate, 13% chelated iron 6~
8g, 295~305g of calcium superphosphate, 390~410g of potassium chloride, 390~410g of magnesium sulfate, 2.5~3.5g of boric acid, manganese sulfate 0.01
~0.03g, 0.04~0.06g of sodium molybdate, 0.09~0.11g of copper sulphate, 0.21~0.23g of zinc sulfate.
5. the U.S. moon watermelon soilless culture method of suitable torrid areas as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the watermelon
Growth period nutrient solution is added in 1 cube of water by the ingredient of following weight to be formed: 816~836g of calcium nitrate, 13% chelated iron 13
~16g, 176~185g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 365~375g of magnesium sulfate, 601~617g of potassium nitrate, 115~125g of potassium sulfate, sulphur
Sour 1.8~2.3g of manganese, 2.6~3.2g of boric acid, 0.1~0.3g of zinc sulfate, 0.06~0.08g of copper sulphate, ammonium molybdate 0.01~
0.03g。
6. the U.S. moon watermelon soilless culture method of suitable torrid areas as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the watermelon
Phase nutrient solution of bearing fruit is added in 1 cube of water by the ingredient of following weight to be formed: 1109~1139g of calcium nitrate, 13% chelated iron 7
~9g, 190~210g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 440~460g of magnesium sulfate, 625~635g of potassium nitrate, 33~38g of potassium sulfate, manganese sulfate
1.6~1.9g, 2.3~2.6g of boric acid, 1.4~1.6g of zinc sulfate, 0.1~0.3g of copper sulphate, 0.08~0.12g of ammonium molybdate.
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| CN107892616A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-04-10 | 唐爱林 | A kind of preparation method of Watermelon in Greenhouse soilless culture nutrient fluid |
| CN108610186A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-10-02 | 海南现代设施农业研究院有限公司 | The root nutrition liquid and preparation method thereof of watermelon coconut palm chaff substrate culture different growing stages |
| CN110169346B (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2021-12-14 | 海南润达现代农业集团股份有限公司 | Cherry tomato soilless culture method suitable for tropical area |
| CN110583461A (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2019-12-20 | 海南现代设施农业研究院有限公司 | Soilless culture method of watermelons |
| CN112690198A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-04-23 | 潍坊郭牌农业科技有限公司 | Soilless culture method for improving resistance of watermelons |
| CN113455313B (en) * | 2021-08-12 | 2023-02-03 | 中国热带农业科学院湛江实验站 | Cost-saving and efficiency-increasing water and fertilizer regulation and control method for breaking dormancy of greenhouse mini-watermelon |
| CN116391604A (en) * | 2023-03-30 | 2023-07-07 | 凯盛浩丰农业有限公司 | Soilless cultivation technology for watermelons |
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