CN113455313B - Cost-saving and efficiency-increasing water and fertilizer regulation and control method for breaking dormancy of greenhouse mini-watermelon - Google Patents
Cost-saving and efficiency-increasing water and fertilizer regulation and control method for breaking dormancy of greenhouse mini-watermelon Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 230000005059 dormancy Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 241000219109 Citrullus Species 0.000 description 16
- 235000012828 Citrullus lanatus var citroides Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 241000219112 Cucumis Species 0.000 description 8
- 235000015510 Cucumis melo subsp melo Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 3
- FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4,6-bis(cyanoamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]cyanamide Chemical compound N#CNC1=NC(NC#N)=NC(NC#N)=N1 FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013400 design of experiment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930002875 chlorophyll Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000019804 chlorophyll Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M chlorophyll a Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035479 physiological effects, processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a cost-saving efficiency-increasing water and fertilizer regulation and control method for breaking dormancy of greenhouse mini-watermelon, which is characterized in that in the planting process of the mini-watermelon, coconut chaff and an organic fertilizer are used as a culture medium in a mass ratio of 9: 1, plants are treated by adopting a nutrient solution in an irrigation fertilization mode and are treated three times in the morning, noon and evening respectively, and the volume ratio of the nutrient solution treated three times in the morning, noon and evening is 1-3: 0.5-2; the standard concentration of the nutrient solution is 800-900mg/L of calcium nitrate, 500-600mg/L of potassium nitrate, 160-180mg/L of monopotassium phosphate, 400-500mg/L of magnesium sulfate and 120-140mg/L of potassium sulfate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a cost-saving and efficiency-increasing water and fertilizer regulation and control method for breaking dormancy of greenhouse mini watermelons.
Background
As an important horticultural crop with international competitiveness and a large economic growth space, the facility cultivation of small watermelons requires precise scientific fertigation. The facility cultivation of the small watermelons in the hot area is affected by temperature and water and fertilizer, and the traditional irrigation and fertilization mode cannot solve high-temperature noon break and reduce the utilization efficiency of the water and fertilizer. According to the research, the change of the photosynthetic physiology and yield quality of the mini watermelons under different nutrient solution treatment is researched through the change of the irrigation and fertilization mode, so that a water and fertilizer regulation and control method suitable for breaking dormancy of the mini watermelons in the hot-area greenhouse is formed, and data support is provided for realizing cost saving and efficiency increasing in the production process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention relates to a water and fertilizer regulation and control method for breaking dormancy, saving cost and improving efficiency of greenhouse mini-watermelon. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a cost-saving efficiency-increasing water and fertilizer regulation method for breaking dormancy of small watermelons in a greenhouse is characterized in that coconut chaff and an organic fertilizer are used as a culture medium in a mass ratio of 9: 1 in the planting process of the small watermelons, plants are treated in a nutrient solution irrigation fertilization mode and are treated three times in the morning, noon and evening respectively, and the volume ratio of the nutrient solution treated three times in the morning, noon and evening is 1-3: 0.5-2; the standard concentration of the nutrient solution is 800-900mg/L of calcium nitrate, 500-600mg/L of potassium nitrate, 160-180mg/L of monopotassium phosphate, 400-500mg/L of magnesium sulfate and 120-140mg/L of potassium sulfate.
Preferably, the volume ratio of the nutrient solution treated three times in the morning, the noon and the evening is 2: 1. The standard concentration of the nutrient solution is 900mg/L of calcium nitrate, 600mg/L of potassium nitrate, 180mg/L of monopotassium phosphate, 400mg/L of magnesium sulfate and 120mg/L of potassium sulfate.
The organic matter content of the organic fertilizer is 40-50%, and the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 3-7%; the organic matter content of the optimized organic fertilizer is 45%, and the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 5%.
In the method, the total dosage of each strain of nutrient solution is 22.8L-30.6L.
The method can be used for breaking dormancy of the greenhouse mini-watermelon, saving cost and improving efficiency.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method is selected by integrating the resource utilization efficiency and the high and stable quality, increases the midnight fertigation and adopts the method of 8 to 31 percent decrement fertigation at the same time, and is the optimal water and fertilizer regulation mode for breaking dormancy, saving cost and increasing efficiency of the greenhouse mini watermelons; 2. the nutrient solution formula can obviously improve the length, diameter and weight of the watermelon.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the change of ambient light temperature against background day
FIG. 2 shows the daily variation of electron transfer rate for different processes
FIG. 3. Variation of throughput for different processes
FIG. 4 sugar brix variation in different treatments
FIG. 5 resource utilization efficiency response
Detailed Description
The invention will be better understood from the following examples. However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the description of the embodiments is only for illustrating the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention as detailed in the claims.
Example 1: nutrient solution screening
1. Material
The tested variety is small red pulp watermelon 'exquisite' bred by research institute of tropical variety resources of the Chinese tropical agricultural academy of sciences.
2. Design of experiments
The test is carried out on seedling raising at the bottom of 7 months in 2017, field planting in 2 days in 9 months, pollination in 25 and 26 days in 9 months, and picking in 27 and 28 days in 10 months (water control is started in 22 days in 10 months). And (400 mL of nutrient solution in the morning and at night in sunny days and 200mL of nutrient solution in the morning and at night in rainy days) fully irrigating and fertilizing. There were 6 treatments, 3 replicates each, and 20 replicates each. The matrix ratio is that coconut chaff and organic fertilizer (organic matter content in the organic fertilizer is 45%, total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 5%) = 9: 1, and 2 arrows are dropped at the flow rate of 1.6L/h in each basin.
Table 1: nutrient solution formula
3. Measurement index
The length, diameter and weight of the watermelon are respectively determined, 5 melons are selected for each treatment, and the number of the melons is 15 in 3 repetitions.
4. Measurement results
Compared with A2, A3, A5 and A6, the formulas A1 and A4 can obviously improve the length, diameter and weight of the watermelon. Therefore, the standard concentration of the nutrient solution is preferably 800-900mg/L of calcium nitrate, 500-600mg/L of potassium nitrate, 160-180mg/L of monopotassium phosphate, 400-500mg/L of magnesium sulfate and 120-140mg/L of potassium sulfate (Table 2).
TABLE 2 measurement results
| Treatment of | Melon length (cm) | Melon diameter (cm) | Weight (g) |
| A1 | 15.36 | 12.18 | 1084.02 |
| A2 | 12.06 | 10.05 | 900.54 |
| A3 | 12.14 | 10.28 | 908.42 |
| A4 | 15.18 | 12.17 | 1082.65 |
| A5 | 11.15 | 9.86 | 820.50 |
| A6 | 10.96 | 9.95 | 822.61 |
Example 2: water and fertilizer regulation and control method
1. Material
The tested variety is small red pulp watermelon 'exquisite' bred by research institute of tropical variety resources of the Chinese tropical agricultural academy of sciences.
2. Design of experiments
The test is carried out on seedling raising at the bottom of 7 months in 2017, field planting in 2 days in 9 months, pollination in 25 and 26 days in 9 months, and picking in 27 and 28 days in 10 months (water control is started in 22 days in 10 months). And taking full irrigation fertilization as a control (the irrigation fertilization amount is reduced by half in rainy days), taking 20% nutrient solution decrement application, 30% nutrient solution decrement application and 40% nutrient solution decrement application as treatments, and simultaneously setting two nutrient solution treatment modes of 1: 1 in the morning and evening and 2: 1 in the morning, noon and evening. There were 5 treatments, 3 replicates each, and 20 replicates each. The matrix ratio is coconut chaff to organic fertilizer (organic matter content in the organic fertilizer is 45%, total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is 5%) = 9: 1, 2 jiangjiangjiangwei with flow of 1.6L/h is adopted per pot, and the standard concentration of the nutrient solution is 900mg/L of calcium nitrate, 600mg/L of potassium nitrate, 180mg/L of monopotassium phosphate, 400mg/L of magnesium sulfate and 120mg/L of potassium sulfate. CK is 2 times a day, and each CK is 400ml; clear and cloudy days were considered on the basis of the control, and each treatment was managed daily for specific fertigation as (table 3):
TABLE 3 irrigation mode and irrigation amount combination for each treatment
3. Measurement of index
Measuring steady state fluorescence (F) under stable sunlight at different times by using portable chlorophyll fluorescence instrument to completely unfold the upper first leaf in 10 months and 12 days s ) And steady state maximum fluorescence (F) m ') calculate the photon efficiency phi = (F) m ’-F s )/F m ', and calculating the relative electron transfer rate rmetr = PAR × Φ × 0.5 × 0.84.rETR directly reflects the photosynthetic efficiency of plant leaves.
The weight and the field sugar brix of the watermelon are respectively measured by adopting an electronic scale and a refractometer, 5 melons are selected for each treatment, and the total number of the melons is 15 after 3 melons are repeated. And (5) carrying out mixed determination on the whole melons in the sugar brix degree in the field.
4. Data processing
Statistical analysis was performed using the Duncan multiple comparison analysis method in SPSS statistical analysis software.
3. Results and analysis
1. Daily change in photosynthetic efficiency
The light and temperature in the greenhouse are asynchronous, compared with a conventional early and late fertigation mode, the early and late fertigation mode is adopted, the small watermelon leaf afternoon photosynthetic efficiency is remarkably improved by treating (T3, T4 and T5) and increasing the noon fertigation, and the traditional fertigation mode (CK, T1 and T2) causes the afternoon photosynthetic efficiency of the leaves to be remarkably reduced due to noon break. Photosynthetic efficiency did not differ significantly between the 9 am fertigation (CK, T1) and nutrient solution reduction (T3, T4), and between the 9 am fertigation (T2) and nutrient solution reduction (T5); the photosynthetic efficiency of each treatment at 11 am reaches the peak, and the increase of the midday fertigation mode can ensure that the photosynthetic efficiency is not reduced under the condition of nutrient solution reduction. The fact that the noon fertigation is added can break through the noon break of the watermelon, improve the photosynthetic efficiency in the afternoon and facilitate more dry matter accumulation (figure 1 and figure 2).
2. Yield quality response
After the midday fertigation is added, under the condition of nutrient solution decrement (T3, T4 and T5), the yield and the quality have no obvious difference with the contrast; but the yield and the quality are obviously improved by adopting a mode of increasing the midday fertigation compared with the traditional fertigation mode; while the yield of T5 was significantly lower than T4, there was no significant drop in field brix compared to T4 and CK. The method for increasing the midday fertigation is ideal in stable yield and sugar stability (fig. 3 and 4).
3. Resource utilization efficiency response
After the midday fertigation mode is added, the decrement fertigation has no obvious influence on the sugar brix (quality) in the field. Therefore, the relationship between the variation of yield and the variation of nutrient solution productivity (resource utilization efficiency) and the amount of nutrient solution is mainly analyzed by taking CK as a standard. The results show that the productivity of the nutrient solution is in an increasing trend along with the reduction of the dosage of the nutrient solution, but the yield amplitude is firstly increased and then decreased. The relation between the output amplitude and the nutrient solution dosage meets a standard binomial formula, if the nutrient solution productivity is continuously reduced after the variety production potential is reached along with the increase of the nutrient solution dosage, and if the water fertilizer is continuously applied in an excessive manner, the output is reduced.
In conclusion, the optimal nutrient solution dosage interval falls between the highest point of the binomial expression and the control, namely 22.8L-30.6L of each plant, and the corresponding nutrient solution application reduction range is 8% -31% (figure 5).
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention, and such modifications are also within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A cost-saving efficiency-increasing water and fertilizer regulation method for breaking dormancy of greenhouse mini-watermelon is characterized in that in the planting process of the mini-watermelon, coconut chaff and an organic fertilizer are used as a culture medium according to the mass ratio of 9: 1, plants are treated by adopting a nutrient solution in an irrigation fertilization mode and are treated three times in the morning, noon and evening respectively, and the volume ratio of the nutrient solution treated three times in the morning, noon and evening is 2: 1; the standard concentration of the nutrient solution is 900mg/L of calcium nitrate, 600mg/L of potassium nitrate, 180mg/L of monopotassium phosphate, 400mg/L of magnesium sulfate and 120mg/L of potassium sulfate; the total dosage of each nutrient solution is 22.8L-30.6L.
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