CN106063467B - System and method for ecological construction and restoration of bottom of cage culture area - Google Patents
System and method for ecological construction and restoration of bottom of cage culture area Download PDFInfo
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- CN106063467B CN106063467B CN201510976800.1A CN201510976800A CN106063467B CN 106063467 B CN106063467 B CN 106063467B CN 201510976800 A CN201510976800 A CN 201510976800A CN 106063467 B CN106063467 B CN 106063467B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for constructing and restoring the bottom ecology of a cage culture area. The ecological construction and restoration system comprises an ecological bed frame, wherein the ecological bed frame comprises a plurality of stand columns and at least one horizontal frame fixedly connected to the stand columns, a net piece is connected in each horizontal frame, oyster shells are paved on the net piece, at least one net bag is hung below the net piece of the lowest horizontal frame, and the oyster shells are filled in the net bag; the upright posts are inserted into the bottom mud of the culture area and the mesh bag is sunk into the bottom mud. It has the following advantages: the net bags filled with oyster shells are sunk into the bottom mud, the physical structure and space of the bottom mud can be improved, a good habitat of benthos is formed, and the biomass of the benthos is greatly increased. The oyster shell strings on the horizontal frame naturally grow attached organisms and attract bottom fishery resources to grow after a period of time, thus playing a role in layered utilization and blocking residual baits, excrements and the like discharged by cage culture and reducing the burden of bottom organisms.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a system and a method for constructing and restoring the bottom ecology of a cage culture area.
Background
At present, the aquaculture industry in China develops rapidly, according to statistics, the total yield of aquatic products in 2013 nationwide reaches 6172 ten thousand tons, and the aquaculture yield accounts for 70% of the world. However, in the process of rapid development, the problems of deterioration of fishery water area environment, aggravation of self-pollution of cultivation, germplasm degradation of cultivated varieties and the like are increasingly prominent, and the economic loss caused by aquaculture diseases is increasingly large. The study of prunus wilsonii (2007) shows that in an open farm with good water exchange, about 20% of organic matters deposited on the sediment are left year by year. The accumulation of residual bait and fish feces in shallow-sea fish culture mainly by artificial feeding and net cage culture is the main reason for increasing the organic matter content in the substrate environment of the culture area. Therefore, how to solve the organic matter content in the substrate environment of the culture area becomes the problem which needs to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a system and a method for constructing and restoring the bottom ecology of a cage culture area, which overcome the problems of the bottom ecology of the cage culture area in the background technology.
One of the technical schemes adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the ecological construction and restoration system at the bottom of the net cage culture area comprises an ecological bed frame (10), wherein the ecological bed frame (10) comprises a plurality of upright posts (11) and at least one horizontal frame (12) fixedly connected to the upright posts (11), a net piece (20) is connected in each horizontal frame (12), oyster shells are paved on the net piece (20), at least one net bag (40) is hung below the net piece (20) of the lowest layer of the horizontal frame (12), and the oyster shells are filled in the net bag (40); the upright posts (11) are inserted into the bottom mud of the culture area and the mesh bag (40) is sunk into the bottom mud.
In one embodiment: the oyster shells laid on the net sheet (20) are connected in series to form at least one oyster shell string (30).
In one embodiment: the upright post (11) comprises a plurality of sections of first pipe fittings (111), a cross joint (112) is arranged between every two adjacent sections of the first pipe fittings (111), the cross joint (112) is provided with an upper port, a lower port and two side ports, and the two adjacent sections of the first pipe fittings (111) are respectively inserted into the upper port and the lower port of the cross joint (112);
the multiple upright columns (11) are arranged at intervals in a ring shape, a second pipe fitting (121) is connected between every two adjacent annular upright columns (11), and two ends of the second pipe fitting (121) are respectively inserted into side ports of four-way joints (112) of the two adjacent upright columns (11); the plurality of second pipe members (121) are connected to the horizontal frame (12) by a cross (112).
In one embodiment: the top of the upright post (11) is fixedly provided with a tee joint (113), and the tee joint (113) is provided with a lower port and two side ports;
the multiple upright columns (11) are arranged at intervals in a ring shape, a second pipe fitting (121) is connected between every two adjacent annular upright columns (11), and two ends of the second pipe fitting (121) are respectively inserted into side ports of the tee joints (113) of the two adjacent upright columns (11); the plurality of second pipe members (121) are connected to the horizontal frame (12) by a tee joint (113).
In one embodiment: the first pipe fitting (111) and the second pipe fitting (121) are both made of PVC materials.
In one embodiment: the bottom end opening of the upright post (11) is sealed, the top end opening of the self-supporting upright post (11) is inserted into a steel bar rod, and concrete is filled in the upright post (11).
The second technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the method for constructing and restoring the bottom ecology of the cage culture area comprises the following steps:
1) the ecological bed frame (10) comprises a plurality of upright posts (11) and at least one horizontal frame (12) fixedly connected to the upright posts (11), each horizontal frame (12) is internally connected with a net piece (20), oyster shells are paved on the net pieces (20), at least one net bag (40) is hung below the net piece (20) of the lowest horizontal frame (12), and the oyster shells are filled in the net bag (40);
2) and a plurality of upright posts (11) are inserted into the bottom mud of the culture area, and the mesh bags (40) are sunk into the bottom mud.
In one embodiment: the step 1) comprises the following steps:
11) the ecological bed frame (10) is used for preparing an ecological bed frame (10), and the ecological bed frame (10) comprises a plurality of upright posts (11) and at least one horizontal frame (12) fixedly connected to the upright posts (11);
12) connecting a net sheet (20) in each horizontal frame (12);
13) oyster shells are laid on the net sheets (20), and at least one net bag (40) filled with oyster shells is hung below the net sheets (20) of the lowest layer of the horizontal frame (12).
Compared with the background technology, the technical scheme has the following advantages:
the net bags filled with the oyster shells are sunk into the bottom mud, the physical structure and space of the bottom mud can be improved, the activity space and habitat of benthic organisms such as hairy species in the bottom mud are increased, a good habitat of the benthic organisms is formed, and the biomass of the benthic organisms is greatly increased. The net piece and the oyster shell strings on the horizontal frame naturally grow attached organisms and attract fishery resources at the bottom layer to grow after a period of time, so that residual baits, excrement and the like discharged by cage culture are utilized and blocked in a layered manner, and the burden of bottom organisms is reduced. The ecological system which combines benthos, attached organisms and fishery resources at the bottom of the net cage together is constructed, the bottom environment of the net cage area is repaired through biological self-purification, the pollution load at the bottom of the net cage area can be reduced to a great extent, the bottom environment is recovered and optimized, and the resource amount is increased, so that the ecological system has great significance for promoting the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry in China.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an ecological construction and restoration system at the bottom of a cage culture area.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, the ecological construction and restoration system for the bottom of the cage culture area includes an ecological bed frame 10, the ecological bed frame 10 includes four upright posts 11 and two horizontal frames 12 fixed to the four upright posts 11 at intervals, each horizontal frame 12 is connected with a net sheet 20, for example, the net sheet is fastened to the horizontal frame 12 by plastic fasteners, and the net sheet is made of a wire net sheet with a diameter of 5cm and 30 mm. At least one string of oyster shell strings 30 is laid on the net piece 20, and the oyster shell strings 30 comprise a plurality of serially connected oyster shells. At least one mesh bag 40 is hung below the mesh sheet 20 of the lowest layer of the horizontal frame 12, and the mesh bag 40 is filled with oyster shells.
The upright post 11 comprises two sections of first pipe fittings 111, a cross 112 is arranged between the two sections of first pipe fittings 111, the cross 112 is provided with an upper port, a lower port and two side ports, and the two adjacent sections of first pipe fittings 111 are respectively inserted into the upper port and the lower port of the cross 112; the four upright posts 11 are arranged at intervals in a ring shape, a second pipe fitting 121 is connected between every two adjacent annular upright posts 11, and two ends of the second pipe fitting 121 are respectively inserted into side ports of a four-way joint 112 of the two adjacent upright posts 11; the four second pipes 121 are connected to a horizontal frame 12 by a cross 112. The top of the upright post 11 is fixedly provided with a tee 113, and the tee 113 is provided with a lower port and two side ports; a second pipe fitting 121 is connected between every two adjacent annular upright columns 11, and two ends of the second pipe fitting 121 are respectively inserted into side ports of the tee joints 113 of the two adjacent upright columns 11; the four second pipe members 121 are connected to another horizontal frame 12 by a tee 113.
The first pipe 111, the second pipe 121, the four-way pipe 112 and the three-way pipe 113 are all made of PVC materials, and have the performances of environmental protection, light weight and seawater corrosion resistance. The bottom port of this stand 11 passes through the PVC spare and seals, and 11 top ports of self-reliance post insert the reinforcing bar pole, and still pack in the stand 11 and have muddy earth, are in the same place reinforcing bar pole and stand rigid coupling through muddy earth.
The four posts 11 are inserted into the bottom mud of the culture area and the mesh bag 40 is sunk into the bottom mud, and the mesh sheet 20 is preferably positioned on the bottom mud. Preferably, the ecological restoration system constructed at the bottom of the cage culture area is located below the cage culture area, for example, the cage culture area is located 5-15 meters, such as 8-9 meters, above the top of the restoration system.
The ecological system suitable for the bottom environment of the net cage culture area is researched and constructed by selecting oyster shell environment-friendly materials, the organic matter treatment capacity of the system is enhanced by natural propagation of benthic organisms and attached organisms and introduction of key repair seeds, sedimentary organic pollutants generated by culture are subjected to multi-layer graded utilization and converted into biological resources, the bottom pollution load is reduced, and optimization and repair of the bottom environment of the culture area are realized. The establishment of a clean culture mode is an important means for keeping the healthy and stable development of aquaculture, wherein the bottom environment bioremediation technology is to introduce a simple environment-friendly multilayer ecological bed into the system to realize the multilayer propagation and biomass increase of benthos and attached organisms, perform multilayer graded utilization on sedimentary organic pollutants generated by mariculture, enhance the treatment capacity of the system and realize the optimization and restoration of the bottom environment of a culture area. Compared with other restoration technologies, the construction of the bottom multilayer ecological bed has the advantages of low cost, waste recycling, high environmental benefit and the like, and is a treatment technology with great development potential and environmental friendliness. The bottom multilayer ecological bed can increase the system processing capacity, increase the biomass of benthic fishes, shellfishes, shrimps and crabs in a cage culture area by utilizing multilayer habitats and cage food sources, and can also perform proliferation activities of shellfishes, sea cucumbers and the like to achieve the purpose of resource value increase, thereby being beneficial to the development of three-dimensional culture in the cage area and leisure fishery.
Wherein: the height of the upright is 1.5m, the upper horizontal frame is connected to the top end of the upright and has the height of 1.5m, the lower horizontal frame is connected to the middle part of the upright and has the height of 1m, and the length of the side of the horizontal frame is 2 m; the mesh sheet adopts a 30-wire mesh sheet with the mesh diameter of 5 cm; 8 oyster shell strings are laid on the mesh, 10 oyster shells are strung on each oyster shell, and the distance between every two oyster shells is about 15 cm; 9 bags of mesh bags 40 are uniformly hung below the mesh sheets 20 of the lower horizontal frame 12; the mesh bag 40 is made of 30-mesh pieces with the mesh diameter of 5cm and the height of 40 cm.
The method for constructing and restoring the bottom ecology of the cage culture area comprises the following steps:
11) the method is used for preparing the ecological bed frame 10, the first pipe fitting 111, the second pipe fitting 121, the four-way joint 112 and the three-way joint 113 are assembled into the ecological bed frame 10, the bottom end openings of the upright posts 11 are sealed by PVC pieces, steel bar rods are inserted into the top end openings of the upright posts 11, concrete is filled into the upright posts 11, and the steel bar rods and the upright posts are fixedly connected together through the concrete;
12) a net sheet 20 is connected in each horizontal frame 12;
13) at least one string of oyster shell strings 30 is laid on the net sheet 20;
14) at least one mesh bag 40 filled with oyster shells is hung below the mesh sheet 20 of the lowest layer of the horizontal frame 12;
2) and inserting the plurality of upright posts 11 into the bottom mud of the culture area and leading the mesh bags 40 to sink into the bottom mud.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and therefore should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. Ecological repair system that founds in box with a net breed district bottom, its characterized in that: the ecological bed comprises an ecological bed frame (10), wherein the ecological bed frame (10) comprises a plurality of upright posts (11) and at least one horizontal frame (12) fixedly connected to the upright posts (11), each horizontal frame (12) is internally connected with a net piece (20), oyster shells are paved on the net pieces (20), and residual baits and excrement discharged by cage culture are layered and blocked through the net pieces (20) paved with the oyster shells; at least one mesh bag (40) is hung below the mesh (20) of the lowest layer of the horizontal frame (12), and the oyster shell is filled in the mesh bag (40); the upright posts (11) are inserted into the bottom mud in the culture area, the mesh bag (40) is sunk into the bottom mud and filled with oyster shells, the physical structure and space of the bottom mud are improved, and the activity space and habitat of benthos in the bottom mud are increased.
2. The system for ecologically constructing and restoring the bottom of the cage culture area according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the oyster shells laid on the net sheet (20) are connected in series to form at least one oyster shell string (30).
3. The system for ecologically constructing and restoring the bottom of the cage culture area according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
the upright post (11) comprises a plurality of sections of first pipe fittings (111), a cross joint (112) is arranged between every two adjacent sections of the first pipe fittings (111), the cross joint (112) is provided with an upper port, a lower port and two side ports, and the two adjacent sections of the first pipe fittings (111) are respectively inserted into the upper port and the lower port of the cross joint (112);
the multiple upright columns (11) are arranged at intervals in a ring shape, a second pipe fitting (121) is connected between every two adjacent annular upright columns (11), and two ends of the second pipe fitting (121) are respectively inserted into side ports of four-way joints (112) of the two adjacent upright columns (11); the plurality of second pipe members (121) are connected to the horizontal frame (12) by a cross (112).
4. The system for ecologically constructing and restoring the bottom of the cage culture area according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
the top of the upright post (11) is fixedly provided with a tee joint (113), and the tee joint (113) is provided with a lower port and two side ports;
the multiple upright columns (11) are arranged at intervals in a ring shape, a second pipe fitting (121) is connected between every two adjacent annular upright columns (11), and two ends of the second pipe fitting (121) are respectively inserted into side ports of the tee joints (113) of the two adjacent upright columns (11); the plurality of second pipe members (121) are connected to the horizontal frame (12) by a tee joint (113).
5. The system for ecologically constructing and restoring the bottom of the cage culture area according to claim 3 or 4, wherein: the first pipe fitting (111) and the second pipe fitting (121) are both made of PVC materials.
6. The system for ecologically constructing and restoring the bottom of the cage culture area according to claim 3 or 4, wherein: the bottom end opening of the upright post (11) is sealed, the top end opening of the self-supporting upright post (11) is inserted into a steel bar rod, and concrete is filled in the upright post (11).
7. The method for constructing and restoring the bottom ecology of the cage culture area is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) the ecological bed frame (10) comprises a plurality of upright posts (11) and at least one horizontal frame (12) fixedly connected to the upright posts (11), each horizontal frame (12) is internally connected with a net piece (20), oyster shells are paved on the net pieces (20), residual baits and feces discharged by cage culture are layered through the net pieces (20) paved with the oyster shells and blocked, at least one mesh bag (40) is hung below the net piece (20) of the lowest horizontal frame (12), and the oyster shells are filled in the mesh bag (40);
2) insert many stands (11) in the bottom mud of breed area and make pocket (40) sink into the bottom mud, it has oyster shell's pocket (40) to improve bottom mud physical structure and space to fill, increases the activity space and the habitat of benthos in the bottom mud.
8. The method for ecologically constructing and restoring the bottom of the cage culture area according to claim 7, which is characterized in that: the step 1) comprises the following steps:
11) the ecological bed frame (10) is used for preparing an ecological bed frame (10), and the ecological bed frame (10) comprises a plurality of upright posts (11) and at least one horizontal frame (12) fixedly connected to the upright posts (11);
12) connecting a net sheet (20) in each horizontal frame (12);
13) oyster shells are laid on the net sheets (20), and at least one net bag (40) filled with oyster shells is hung below the net sheets (20) of the lowest layer of the horizontal frame (12).
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