CN106049028B - 一种在聚酰亚胺纳米纤维表面包覆二氧化钛纳米层的方法 - Google Patents
一种在聚酰亚胺纳米纤维表面包覆二氧化钛纳米层的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种在聚酰亚胺纳米纤维表面包覆二氧化钛纳米层的方法。首先将聚酰胺酸溶液通过静电纺丝技术制成聚酰胺酸纳米纤维膜,随后把纳米纤维膜浸泡在钛化合物水溶液中处理,然后经水洗、干燥和梯度升温热亚胺化处理,从而在聚酰亚胺纳米纤维表面包覆上二氧化钛纳米层,并制得表面包覆二氧化钛纳米层的聚酰亚胺纤维膜。本发明的方法实施过程简单,包覆效率高,成本低廉,且二氧化钛纳米层的厚度可调可控,应用前景良好。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于聚酰亚胺纤维膜技术领域,尤其是涉及一种在聚酰亚胺纳米纤维膜的纳米纤维表面包覆二氧化钛纳米层的方法。
背景技术
聚酰亚胺(PI)是目前高分子材料中综合性能最好的材料之一,它具有优异的机械性能、良好的耐热性能、介电性能、耐腐蚀性能、耐辐射性能和耐化学药品性。自上世纪六十年代以来,PI在很多领域如家用电器、汽车工业、电子信息、航空航天、军事装备、精密机械、自动化仪器等都得到了迅猛的发展。
静电纺丝是利用高压电场对带电荷高分子的牵引作用制备聚合物纤维薄膜的一种方法。通过在喷射装置和接收装置间施加电压,随着电压的增大,喷射装置处首先形成泰勒锥,继续增大电压,当电场力克服纺丝液的表面张力后,聚合物液体便以丝状连续的喷向接收装置。1934年,Formhals率先提出了高压静电纺丝技术。然而,直到20世纪80年代,该技术才被广泛研究。近年来,随着纳米材料日益受到重视,而静电纺丝纺出的纤维直径为纳米级别,所以该技术又被广泛关注并获得发展。
随着科技的发展和人们生活水平的提高,环境问题受到了大家更广泛的关注,同时也促使催化材料成为科学家们研究的重点,而在多相光催化反应所应用的半导体催化剂中,二氧化钛(TiO2)以其无毒、催化活性高、稳定性好以及抗氧化能力强等优点而备受青睐。
当前,制备聚酰亚胺基有机/无机复合纤维膜的方法主要有原位聚合法、直接共混法和溶胶-凝胶法。直接共混法是将无机纳米粒子直接与聚酰亚胺或者聚酰亚胺的前驱体直接进行混合,将无机纳米粒子分散在聚合物基体中,从而得到复合材料。如专利CN102277648B曾采用直接共混法成功制备出了无机/有机复合聚酰亚胺基纳米纤维膜。溶胶凝胶法是指将无机化合物水解缩合后形成溶胶,再与有机高分子溶液或乳液共混,发生凝胶化后形成聚合物/无机纳米复合材料。如专利CN101301592A曾采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出了聚酰亚胺/二氧化钛复合亚微米纤维膜。
然而,使用这些方法在制备表面包覆TiO2纳米层的聚酰亚胺纤维时却存在较大的不足。这主要是由于TiO2纳米粒子大部分处于聚酰亚胺基体纤维的内部,仅有很少量的纳米粒子附着在基体纤维表面,导致TiO2的性能得不到充分的发挥。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种简单有效的在聚酰亚胺纳米纤维表面包覆二氧化钛纳米层的工艺方法。本发明的方法工艺过程简单,包覆效率高,且二氧化钛纳米层的厚度可调可控,应用前景良好。
1.一种在聚酰亚胺纳米纤维表面包覆二氧化钛纳米层的方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
A:采用固含量为8%~30%的聚酰胺酸溶液,经静电纺丝法制得聚酰胺酸纤维膜;
B:将步骤A制得的聚酰胺酸纤维膜浸泡在10~60℃的0.1~0.3mol/L的钛化合物水溶液中处理10min~4h;
C:将步骤B制得的聚酰胺酸纤维膜放入室温下的去离子水中超声清洗2~6次;
D:将步骤C制得的聚酰胺酸纤维膜在30~60℃的条件下干燥1~8h;
E:将步骤D制得的聚酰胺酸纤维膜置于热炉中,以2~6℃/min的升温速度逐步升温至300-350℃,并保持0.5~3h,从而在聚酰亚胺纳米纤维的表面包覆上二氧化钛纳米层,并制得表面包覆二氧化钛纳米层的聚酰亚胺纤维膜。
2.其中,步骤B中所述的钛化合物为硫酸氧钛和硫酸钛。
与现有技术相比,本方法具有以下优良效果:
1.采用简单的钛盐水溶液体系为前驱体即可实现TiO2纳米层的有效包覆,工艺过程简单,条件易满足,成本低廉,适用范围广,可用于所有体系的聚酰亚胺纤维膜。
2.本发明制备的表面包覆TiO2的聚酰亚胺纤维膜同时结合了静电纺丝纤维膜、聚酰亚胺和二氧化钛三者的优点,得到的纤维膜具有比表面积大、耐高温、表面浸润性好和催化活性高的特点。
3.二氧化钛纳米层的厚度可以通过改变工艺条件实现可控,能够满足不同使用领域的要求。
本发明所制得的表面覆载二氧化钛纳米层的聚酰亚胺复合纤维膜具有TiO2层致密均匀、厚度可控、催化活性高的优点,可应用于光催化材料、电池隔膜、抗紫外材料和自清洁材料中。
附图说明
图1是均苯四酸二酐/4,4’-二氨基二苯醚(PMDA/ODA)聚酰胺酸纤维膜直接加热至300℃并保温120min酰胺化得到的聚酰亚胺纤维膜的SEM形貌图,图中放大倍数为10万倍;
图2是PMDA/ODA聚酰胺酸纤维膜浸泡在0.2mol/L的TiOSO4溶液中1h,在去离子水中超声清洗4次,并加热至300℃保温120min酰胺化得到的聚酰亚胺纤维膜的SEM形貌图,图中放大倍数为20万倍;
图3是PMDA/ODA聚酰胺酸纤维膜浸泡在0.2mol/L的TiOSO4溶液中1.5h,在去离子水中超声清洗4次,并加热至300℃保温120min酰胺化得到的聚酰亚胺纤维膜的SEM形貌图,图中放大倍数为20万倍;
图4是PMDA/ODA聚酰胺酸纤维膜浸泡在0.2mol/L的TiOSO4溶液中2h,在去离子水中超声清洗6次,并加热至320℃保温120min酰胺化得到的聚酰亚胺纤维膜的SEM断面图,图中放大倍数为20万倍;
图5是PMDA/ODA聚酰胺酸纤维膜浸泡在0.3mol/L的TiOSO4溶液中1h,在去离子水中超声清洗6次,并加热至300℃保温120min酰胺化得到的聚酰亚胺纤维膜的SEM形貌图,图中放大倍数为10万倍;
图6是PMDA/ODA聚酰胺酸纤维膜浸泡在0.2mol/L的TiOSO4溶液中2h,在去离子水中超声清洗6次,并加热至300℃保温120min酰胺化得到的聚酰亚胺纤维膜的SEM断面图,图中放大倍数为20万倍;
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述发明。应该说明的是:以下实施例仅用以说明本发明而并非限制本发明所描述的技术方案。因此,尽管本说明书参照下述的实施例对本发明已进行了详细的说明,但是,本领域的技术人员应当理解,仍然可以对本发明进行修改或等同替换;而一切不脱离本发明的精神和范围的技术方案及其改进,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。
实施例1
制备PMDA/ODA体系聚酰胺酸纤维膜,经过处理,然后经热亚胺化后得到表面包覆二氧化钛纳米层的聚酰亚胺纤维膜。(1)称取摩尔比为1:1的均苯四甲酸二酐(PMDA)2.0g、4,4’-二氨基二苯醚(ODA)1.8g,将ODA全部溶于30ml的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)溶剂中,机械搅拌,待ODA全部溶解于DMF后,冰水浴的条件下,分步加入PMDA,得到粘度适中的聚酰胺酸溶液后,机械搅拌2h后,将聚酰胺酸溶液装入20ml的注射器中,应用静电纺丝技术制备出聚酰胺酸纤维膜,静电纺丝机具体参数为纺丝电压:20kV;纺丝温度:室温;纺丝湿度:20%;注射器针头直径:12号;接受辊转速:80.0m/min;接收距离:20cm。将制备出的聚酰胺酸纤维膜置于超净台中12h。(2)将聚酰胺酸纤维膜浸泡在30℃的0.2mol/L的钛化合物水溶液中处理1h;(3)将聚酰胺酸纤维膜放入室温下的去离子水中超声清洗4次;(4)将聚酰胺酸纤维膜在60℃的条件下干燥2h;(5)将经过处理的聚酰胺酸纤维膜置于热炉中,以2℃/min的升温速度逐步升温至300℃,并保持2h,从而制得聚酰亚胺/二氧化钛复合纤维膜,所得的纤维膜的形貌如附图2所示。
实施例2
制备PMDA/ODA体系聚酰胺酸纤维膜,经过处理,然后经热亚胺化后得到表面包覆二氧化钛纳米层的聚酰亚胺纤维膜。(1)称取摩尔比为1:1的均苯四甲酸二酐(PMDA)2.0g、4,4’-二氨基二苯醚(ODA)1.8g,将ODA全部溶于30ml的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)溶剂中,机械搅拌,待ODA全部溶解于DMF后,冰水浴的条件下,分步加入PMDA,得到粘度适中的聚酰胺酸溶液后,机械搅拌2h后,将聚酰胺酸溶液装入20ml的注射器中,应用静电纺丝技术制备出聚酰胺酸纤维膜,静电纺丝机具体参数为纺丝电压:20kV;纺丝温度:室温;纺丝湿度:20%;注射器针头直径:12号;接受辊转速:80.0m/min;接收距离:20cm。将制备出的聚酰胺酸纤维膜置于超净台中12h。(2)将聚酰胺酸纤维膜浸泡在30℃的0.2mol/L的钛化合物水溶液中处理1.5h;(3)将聚酰胺酸纤维膜放入室温下的去离子水中超声清洗4次;(4)将聚酰胺酸纤维膜在60℃的条件下干燥2h;(5)将经过处理的聚酰胺酸纤维膜置于热炉中,以2℃/min的升温速度逐步升温至300℃,并保持2h,从而制得聚酰亚胺/二氧化钛复合纤维膜,所得的纤维膜的形貌如附图3所示。
实施例3
制备PMDA/ODA体系聚酰胺酸纤维膜,经过处理,然后经热亚胺化后得到表面包覆二氧化钛纳米层的聚酰亚胺纤维膜。(1)称取摩尔比为1:1的均苯四甲酸二酐(PMDA)2.0g、4,4’-二氨基二苯醚(ODA)1.8g,将ODA全部溶于30ml的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)溶剂中,机械搅拌,待ODA全部溶解于DMF后,冰水浴的条件下,分步加入PMDA,得到粘度适中的聚酰胺酸溶液后,机械搅拌2h后,将聚酰胺酸溶液装入20ml的注射器中,应用静电纺丝技术制备出聚酰胺酸纤维膜,静电纺丝机具体参数为纺丝电压:20kV;纺丝温度:室温;纺丝湿度:20%;注射器针头直径:12号;接受辊转速:80.0m/min;接收距离:20cm。将制备出的聚酰胺酸纤维膜置于超净台中12h。(2)将聚酰胺酸纤维膜浸泡在25℃的0.2mol/L的钛化合物水溶液中处理2h;(3)将聚酰胺酸纤维膜放入室温下的去离子水中超声清洗6次;(4)将聚酰胺酸纤维膜在60℃的条件下干燥4h;(5)将经过处理的聚酰胺酸纤维膜置于热炉中,以2℃/min的升温速度逐步升温至320℃,并保持2h,从而制得聚酰亚胺/二氧化钛复合纤维膜,所得的纤维膜的断面如附图4所示。
实施例4
制备PMDA/ODA体系聚酰胺酸纤维膜,经过处理,然后经热亚胺化后得到表面包覆二氧化钛纳米层的聚酰亚胺纤维膜。(1)称取摩尔比为1:1的均苯四甲酸二酐(PMDA)2.0g、4,4’-二氨基二苯醚(ODA)1.8g,将ODA全部溶于30ml的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)溶剂中,机械搅拌,待ODA全部溶解于DMF后,冰水浴的条件下,分步加入PMDA,得到粘度适中的聚酰胺酸溶液后,机械搅拌2h后,将聚酰胺酸溶液装入20ml的注射器中,应用静电纺丝技术制备出聚酰胺酸纤维膜,静电纺丝机具体参数为纺丝电压:20kV;纺丝温度:室温;纺丝湿度:20%;注射器针头直径:12号;接受辊转速:80.0m/min;接收距离:20cm。将制备出的聚酰胺酸纤维膜置于超净台中12h。(2)将聚酰胺酸纤维膜浸泡在30℃的0.3mol/L的钛化合物水溶液中处理1h;(3)将聚酰胺酸纤维膜放入室温下的去离子水中超声清洗6次;(4)将聚酰胺酸纤维膜在60℃的条件下干燥4h;(5)将经过处理的聚酰胺酸纤维膜置于热炉中,以2℃/min的升温速度逐步升温至300℃,并保持2h,从而制得聚酰亚胺/二氧化钛复合纤维膜,所得的纤维膜的形貌如附图5所示。
实施例5
制备PMDA/ODA体系聚酰胺酸纤维膜,经过处理,然后经热亚胺化后得到表面包覆二氧化钛纳米层的聚酰亚胺纤维膜。(1)称取摩尔比为1:1的均苯四甲酸二酐(PMDA)2.0g、4,4’-二氨基二苯醚(ODA)1.8g,将ODA全部溶于30ml的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)溶剂中,机械搅拌,待ODA全部溶解于DMF后,冰水浴的条件下,分步加入PMDA,得到粘度适中的聚酰胺酸溶液后,机械搅拌2h后,将聚酰胺酸溶液装入20ml的注射器中,应用静电纺丝技术制备出聚酰胺酸纤维膜,静电纺丝机具体参数为纺丝电压:20kV;纺丝温度:室温;纺丝湿度:20%;注射器针头直径:12号;接受辊转速:80.0m/min;接收距离:20cm。将制备出的聚酰胺酸纤维膜置于超净台中12h。(2)将聚酰胺酸纤维膜浸泡在30℃的0.2mol/L的钛化合物水溶液中处理2h;(3)将聚酰胺酸纤维膜放入室温下的去离子水中超声清洗6次;(4)将聚酰胺酸纤维膜在60℃的条件下干燥2h;(5)将经过处理的聚酰胺酸纤维膜置于热炉中,以2℃/min的升温速度逐步升温至300℃,并保持2h,从而制得聚酰亚胺/二氧化钛复合纤维膜,所得的纤维膜的断面如附图6所示。
Claims (1)
1.一种在聚酰亚胺纳米纤维表面包覆二氧化钛纳米层的方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
A:采用固含量为8%~30%的聚酰胺酸溶液,经静电纺丝法制得聚酰胺酸纳米纤维膜;
B:将步骤A制得的聚酰胺酸纤维膜浸泡在10~60℃的0.1~0.3mol/L的钛化合物水溶液中处理10min~4h;
C:将步骤B制得的聚酰胺酸纤维膜放入室温下的去离子水中超声清洗2~6次;
D:将步骤C制得的聚酰胺酸纤维膜在30~60℃的条件下干燥1~8h;
E:将步骤D制得的聚酰胺酸纤维膜置于热炉中,升温至320~350℃,并保持0.5~3h,从而在聚酰亚胺纳米的纤维表面包覆上二氧化钛纳米层,并制得表面包覆二氧化钛纳米层的聚酰亚胺纤维膜;
步骤B中所述的钛化合物为硫酸氧钛和硫酸钛。
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