CN106013475B - 一种钢结构住宅石膏基耐水防火围护保温系统及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种钢结构住宅石膏基耐水防火围护保温系统及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种钢结构住宅石膏基耐水防火围护保温系统及制备方法，涉及钢结构住宅围护结构技术领域。本发明所述的一种钢结构住宅石膏基耐水防火围护保温系统，包括基材层、外界面层、外保温层、外保护层、内界面层、内防火层、内保温层、内保护层、内饰面层。所述基材层外侧设有外界面层，所述外界面层外侧设有外保温层，所述外保温层外侧设有外保护层；所述基材层内侧设有内界面层，所述内界面层内测设有内防火层，所述内防火层内侧设有内保温层，所述内保温层内侧设有内保护层，所述内保护层内侧设有内饰面层。本发明采用机器喷涂作业，成形工艺简单，操作方便，生产效率高，材料中大量利用了石膏，减少了水泥用量，不易开裂；石膏防火材料含有结晶水，遇火能吸热并形成水汽，防火效果好；石膏基耐水保温砂浆形成致密网络结构，耐水性能好。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及钢结构住宅围护结构技术领域，尤其涉及一种钢结构住宅石膏基耐水防火围护保温系统及制备方法。
背景技术
随着国家节能减排、绿色建筑、新农村建设、住宅产业化的推进，建筑业从城市转向新农村建设，砖混结构和混凝土结构住宅逐渐转向钢结构住宅。
传统钢结构住宅，由于是墙板系统，即钢构两侧用基板材固定，中间形成空腔，填插保温板，诸如XPS板、EPS板、矿棉板、岩棉板等，形成三明治状，造成空鼓、不隔音、吊挂差、连接差等弊端。
传统水泥基材料容易开裂、保温效果差、隔热性能差、防火性能差，并且不可循环使用，造成环境污染、高资源消耗、高能源消耗的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是解决上述不足，提供一种钢结构住宅石膏基耐水防火围护保温系统及制备方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种钢结构住宅石膏基耐水防火围护保温系统，包括基材层、外界面层、外保温层、外保护层、内界面层、内防火层、内保温层、内保护层、内饰面层。所述基材层外侧设有外界面层，所述外界面层外侧设有外保温层，所述外保温层外侧设有外保护层；所述基材层内侧设有内界面层，所述内界面层内测设有内防火层，所述内防火层内侧设有内保温层，所述内保温层内侧设有内保护层，所述内保护层内侧设有内饰面层。所述基材层、外界面层、外保温层、外保护层构成外墙外保温系统，所述基材层、内界面层、内防火层、内保温层、内保护层、内饰面层构成外墙内保温系统。
所述基材层为钢板网或者中密度水泥纤维板，其四周固定于钢结构框架外侧。
所述外界面层及内界面层采用水性界面剂。
所述外保温层采用水泥基无机保温砂浆；所述水泥基无机保温砂浆按质量比的组成为：42.5水泥50-62份，粉煤灰25-30份，灰钙粉5-15份，EPS颗粒1-1.5份，纤维素醚0.3-0.6份，聚乙烯醇0.5-1份，引气剂0.05-0.08份，聚丙烯纤维0.3-0.5份，水55-75份。
所述外保护层采用水泥基抗裂砂浆复合网格布加强，所述水泥基抗裂砂浆按质量比的组成为：42.5水泥25-35份，细砂55-65份，纤维素醚0.2-0.3份，胶粉2-3份，聚丙烯纤维0.3-0.6份，水18-25份。
所述内防火层采用石膏基室内防火涂料；所述石膏基室内防火涂料按质量比的组成为：半水石膏粉45-55份，粉煤灰15-20份，微硅粉2-5份，膨胀蛭石15-19份，玻化微珠5-10份，玻璃纤维3-5份，羟丙基甲基纤维素醚0.2-0.5份，胶粉1-3份，淀粉醚0.03-0.08份，氢氧化铝1-2份，氢氧化镁1-2份，凝胶剂0.1-0.2份，水85-95份。
所述内保温层采用耐水石膏保温砂浆；所述耐水石膏保温砂浆按质量比的组成为：半水石膏粉55-65份，水泥5-15份，氧化钙2-5份，粉煤灰18-25份，硫酸钠0.8-1.5份，EPS颗粒0.8-1.2份，羟丙基甲基纤维素醚0.2-0.5份，聚乙烯醇0.5-1份，SC缓凝剂0.05-0.25份，淀粉醚0.01-0.08份，水80-100份。
所述内保护层采用石膏基耐水抗裂砂浆复合网格布加强；所述石膏基耐水抗裂砂浆按质量比的组成为：半水石膏30-40份，42.5水泥5-10份，矿粉15-25份，细砂40-60份，氯化钙0.8-1.5份，纤维素醚0.2-0.5份，胶粉2.5-3份，聚丙烯纤维0.2-0.5份，水24-28份。
所述内饰面层采用石膏基腻子或者硅藻泥。
本发明还提供了上述的一种钢结构住宅石膏基耐水防火围护保温系统的制备方法，其步骤如下：首先安装基材层，将中密度水泥纤维板或者钢板网固定于钢结构外侧；然后以基材层为界分两阶段施工：
1)第一阶段：向基材层内侧做外墙内保温系统：
(1)向基材层内侧喷涂内界面层材料，厚度为0.5mm；
(2)向内界面层内侧喷涂内防火层材料，厚度为30mm；
(3)向内防火层内侧喷涂内保温层材料，厚度80mm；
(4)向内保温层内侧铺设内保护层材料，厚度2.5-3mm；
(5)向内保护层内侧披刮内饰面层，厚度2.5-3mm。
2)第二阶段，向基材层外侧做外墙外保温系统：
(1)向基材层外侧喷涂外界面层材料，厚度为0.5mm；
(2)向外界面层外侧喷涂外保温层材料，厚度30mm；
(3)向外保温层外侧铺设外保护层材料，厚度3-5mm。
所述的水性界面剂、水泥基无机保温砂浆、水泥基抗裂砂浆、石膏基室内防火涂料、耐水石膏保温砂浆、石膏基耐水抗裂砂浆可采用机器喷涂作业，适用于机喷系统。
本发明中所述的内保温层采用的耐水石膏保温砂浆，选择富含硅质、铝质的矿物质材料粉煤灰，对它进行碱性和硫酸盐类材料进行活性激发，发生化学反应，生成少量钙矾石、硬硅钙石和絮状水化硅酸钙凝胶，水化硬化体中二水硫酸钙晶体与钙矾石、硬硅钙石构成基本网状骨架，残余的粉煤灰填充在骨架间隙中，相互交织在一起，水化硅酸钙凝胶，构成整体胶体结构，形成致密的网络骨架结构，使得材料具有较高的耐水性和物理力学性能。
采用上述技术方案本发明具有如下有益效果：
1、制造作业过程中采用机器喷涂作业，成形工艺简单，操作方便，生产效率高；
2、采用机器喷涂成形，取代了传统钢结构住宅墙板组装成形工艺，克服了空鼓、连接差、不隔音等弊端；
3、材料中大量利用了石膏，采用了石膏基耐水保温砂浆及石膏基防火涂料，减少了水泥用量，不易开裂；
4、石膏基防火涂料本身含有结晶水，遇火能吸热并形成水幕，防火效果好；
5、石膏基耐水保温砂浆形成致密网络结构，具有较高的耐水性；
6、采用了内保温系统和外保温系统，有效阻断热桥，保温效果好。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述的耐水防火外墙的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
如图1所示，一种钢结构住宅石膏基耐水防火围护保温系统，包括基材层1、外界面层2、外保温层3、外保护层4、内界面层5、内防火层6、内保温层7、内保护层8、内饰面层9。所述基材层1外侧设有外界面层2，所述外界面层2外侧设有外保温层3，所述外保温层3外侧设有外保护层4；所述基材层1内侧设有内界面层5，所述内界面层5内测设有内防火层6，所述内防火层6内侧设有内保温层7，所述内保温层7内侧设有内保护层8，所述内保护层8内侧设有内饰面层9。所述基材层1、外界面层2、外保温层3、外保护层4构成外墙外保温系统，所述基材层1、内界面层5、内防火层6、内保温层7、内保护层8、内饰面层9构成外墙内保温系统。
所述基材层1为钢板网或者中密度水泥纤维板，其四周固定于钢结构框架外侧。
所述外界面层2及内界面层5采用水性界面剂。
所述外保温层3采用水泥基无机保温砂浆；所述水泥基无机保温砂浆按质量比的组成为：42.5水泥50-62份，粉煤灰25-30份，灰钙粉5-15份，EPS颗粒1-1.5份，纤维素醚0.3-0.6份，聚乙烯醇0.5-1份，引气剂0.05-0.08份，聚丙烯纤维0.3-0.5份，水55-75份；所述水泥基无机保温砂浆的物理实验性能：初凝时间1h，抗折强度≥0.67MPa，抗压强度≥0.9MPa，软化系数≥0.63，粘接强度≥0.5MPa。
所述外保护层4采用水泥基抗裂砂浆复合网格布加强，所述水泥基抗裂砂浆按质量比的组成为：42.5水泥25-35份，细砂55-65份，纤维素醚0.2-0.3份，胶粉2-3份，聚丙烯纤维0.3-0.6份，水18-25份；所述水泥基抗裂砂浆的物理实验性能：初凝时间1h，抗折强度≥5MPa，抗压强度≥14.5MPa，软化系数≥1.02，粘接强度≥0.5MPa。
所述内防火层6采用石膏基室内防火涂料；所述石膏基室内防火涂料按质量比的组成为：半水石膏粉45-55份，粉煤灰15-20份，微硅粉2-5份，膨胀蛭石15-19份，玻化微珠5-10份，玻璃纤维3-5份，羟丙基甲基纤维素醚0.2-0.5份，胶粉1-3份，淀粉醚0.03-0.08份，氢氧化铝1-2份，氢氧化镁1-2份，凝胶剂0.1-0.2份，水85-95份；所述石膏基室内防火涂料的物理实验性能：初凝时间2h，抗折强度≥0.79MPa，抗压强度≥1.57MPa，软化系数强度≥0.65，粘接强度≥0.5MPa。
所述内保温层7采用耐水石膏保温砂浆；所述耐水石膏保温砂浆按质量比的组成为：半水石膏粉55-65份，水泥5-15份，氧化钙2-5份，粉煤灰18-25份，硫酸钠0.8-1.5份，EPS颗粒0.8-1.2份，羟丙基甲基纤维素醚0.2-0.5份，聚乙烯醇0.5-1份，SC缓凝剂0.05-0.25份，淀粉醚0.01-0.08份，水80-100份；所述耐水石膏保温砂浆的物理实验性能：初凝时间1h，抗折强度≥0.47MPa，抗压强度≥0.83MPa，软化系数≥0.75，粘接强度≥0.5MPa。
所述内保护层8采用石膏基耐水抗裂砂浆复合网格布加强；所述石膏基耐水抗裂砂浆按质量比的组成为：半水石膏30-40份，42.5水泥5-10份，矿粉15-25份，细砂40-60份，氯化钙0.8-1.5份，纤维素醚0.2-0.5份，胶粉2.5-3份，聚丙烯纤维0.2-0.5份，水24-28份；所述石膏基耐水抗裂砂浆的物理实验性能：初凝时间1h，抗折强度≥1.85MPa，抗压强度≥4.7MPa，软化系数≥1.03，粘接强度≥0.54。
所述内饰面层9采用石膏基腻子或者硅藻泥。
本发明还提供了上述的一种钢结构住宅石膏基耐水防火围护保温系统的制备方法，其步骤如下：首先安装基材层1，将中密度水泥纤维板或者钢板网固定于钢结构外侧；然后以基材层1为界分两阶段施工：
1)第一阶段：向基材层1内侧做外墙内保温系统：
(1)向基材层1内侧喷涂内界面层5材料，厚度为0.5mm；
(2)向内界面层5内侧喷涂内防火层6材料，厚度为30mm；
(3)向内防火层6内侧喷涂内保温层7材料，厚度80mm；
(4)向内保温层7内侧铺设内保护层8材料，厚度2.5-3mm；
(5)向内保护层8内侧披刮内饰面层9材料，厚度2.5-3mm。
2)第二阶段，向基材层1外侧做外墙外保温系统：
(1)向基材层1外侧喷涂外界面层2材料，厚度为0.5mm；
(2)向外界面层2外侧喷涂外保温层3材料，厚度30mm；
(3)向外保温层3外侧铺设外保护层4材料，厚度3-5mm。
所述的水性界面剂、水泥基无机保温砂浆、水泥基抗裂砂浆、石膏基室内防火涂料、耐水石膏保温砂浆、石膏基耐水抗裂砂浆可采用机器喷涂作业，适用于机喷系统。
所述的一种钢结构住宅石膏基耐水防火围护保温系统总厚度为155mm，传热系数为0.35-0.58W/m2k。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本领域的技术人员在本发明所揭露的技术范围内，可不经过创造性劳动想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (2)
1.一种钢结构住宅石膏基耐水防火围护保温系统，其特征在于：包括基材层、外界面层、外保温层、外保护层、内界面层、内防火层、内保温层、内保护层、内饰面层；所述基材层外侧设有外界面层，所述外界面层外侧设有外保温层，所述外保温层外侧设有外保护层；所述基材层内侧设有内界面层，所述内界面层内测设有内防火层，所述内防火层内侧设有内保温层，所述内保温层内侧设有内保护层，所述内保护层内侧设有内饰面层；
所述基材层为钢板网或者中密度水泥纤维板，其四周固定于钢结构框架外侧；所述外界面层及内界面层采用水性界面剂；
所述外保温层采用水泥基无机保温砂浆；所述水泥基无机保温砂浆按质量比的组成为：42.5水泥50-62份，粉煤灰25-30份，灰钙粉5-15份，EPS颗粒1-1.5份，纤维素醚0.3-0.6份，聚乙烯醇0.5-1份，引气剂0.05-0.08份，聚丙烯纤维0.3-0.5份，水55-75份；
所述外保护层采用水泥基抗裂砂浆复合网格布加强，所述水泥基抗裂砂浆按质量比的组成为：42.5水泥25-35份，细砂55-65份，纤维素醚0.2-0.3份，胶粉2-3份，聚丙烯纤维0.3-0.6份，水18-25份；
所述内防火层采用石膏基室内防火涂料；所述石膏基室内防火涂料按质量比的组成为：半水石膏粉45-55份，粉煤灰15-20份，微硅粉2-5份，膨胀蛭石15-19份，玻化微珠5-10份，玻璃纤维3-5份，羟丙基甲基纤维素醚0.2-0.5份，胶粉1-3份，淀粉醚0.03-0.08份，氢氧化铝1-2份，氢氧化镁1-2份，凝胶剂0.1-0.2份，水85-95份；
所述内保温层采用耐水石膏保温砂浆；所述耐水石膏保温砂浆按质量比的组成为：半水石膏粉55-65份，水泥5-15份，氧化钙2-5份，粉煤灰18-25份，硫酸钠0.8-1.5份，EPS颗粒0.8-1.2份，羟丙基甲基纤维素醚0.2-0.5份，聚乙烯醇0.5-1份，SC缓凝剂0.05-0.25份，淀粉醚0.01-0.08份，水80-100份；
所述内保护层采用石膏基耐水抗裂砂浆复合网格布加强；所述石膏基耐水抗裂砂浆按质量比的组成为：半水石膏30-40份，42.5水泥5-10份，矿粉15-25份，细砂40-60份，氯化钙0.8-1.5份，纤维素醚0.2-0.5份，胶粉2.5-3份，聚丙烯纤维0.2-0.5份，水24-28份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种钢结构住宅石膏基耐水防火围护保温系统的制备方法，其特征在于：按如下步骤进行：首先安装基材层，将中密度水泥纤维板或者钢板网固定于钢结构框架外侧；然后以基材层为界分两阶段施工：
1)第一阶段：向基材层内侧做外墙内保温系统：
(1)向基材层内侧喷涂内界面层材料，厚度为0.5mm；
(2)向内界面层内侧喷涂内防火层材料，厚度为30mm；
(3)向内防火层内侧喷涂内保温层材料，厚度80mm；
(4)向内保温层内侧铺设内保护层材料，厚度2.5-3mm；
(5)向内保护层内侧披刮内饰面层，厚度2.5-3mm；
2)第二阶段，向基材层外侧做外墙外保温系统：
(1)向基材层外侧喷涂外界面层材料，厚度为0.5mm；
(2)向外界面层外侧喷涂外保温层材料，厚度30mm；
(3)向外保温层外侧铺设外保护层材料，厚度3-5mm。
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