CN106012560A - 一种抗静电防水透气玄武岩芳纶混纺防火布 - Google Patents

一种抗静电防水透气玄武岩芳纶混纺防火布 Download PDF

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CN106012560A
CN106012560A CN201610475450.5A CN201610475450A CN106012560A CN 106012560 A CN106012560 A CN 106012560A CN 201610475450 A CN201610475450 A CN 201610475450A CN 106012560 A CN106012560 A CN 106012560A
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胡中华
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Anhui Remember Flame Retardant Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种抗静电防水透气玄武岩芳纶混纺防火布，由下列重量份的原料制备制成：间位芳纶短纤维50‑55、连续玄武岩纤维45‑50、100目鳞片石墨8‑10、浓度为20wt%的氢氧化钠溶液适量、浓度为20wt%的硝酸溶液适量、羧甲基纤维素钠0.5‑0.6、现配的浓度为10wt%的银氨溶液12‑15、无水乙醇适量、乙醛6‑7.5、水性环氧树脂8‑10、六次甲基四胺1.5‑2、去离子水适量、固含量50%的聚四氟乙烯乳液10‑12、脂肪酸酰胺2‑3、聚磷酸铵4‑5、二硫化钼3‑4、山梨醇酐单油酸酯0.8‑1。本发明既能够防水透气，又能够提升防火布的韧性。

Description

一种抗静电防水透气玄武岩芳纶混纺防火布
技术领域
本发明涉及防火布技术领域，尤其涉及一种抗静电防水透气玄武岩芳纶混纺防火布。
背景技术
火灾是现代建筑不可忽视的威胁之一，为了减少火灾发生时的损失并保障大众的安全，各种防火材料已经广泛应用于人的生活环境之中。玄武岩纤维，是玄武岩石料在1450℃～1500℃熔融后，通过铂铑合金拉丝漏板高速拉制而成的连续纤维，玄武岩纤维防火布是用GBF的7-9μm连续玄武岩纤维细纱编织而成的，其中有平纹布和缎纹布等，由于它不燃性、耐高温、无有毒气体排出、绝热性好、无熔或滴落、强度高、无热收缩现象等优点，经耐高温、无毒害的涂层处理。它用作避火防护服内衬、阻燃、隔热面料、防火布和防火帘最佳的防火材料。然而玄武岩纤维的密度大，且纤维脆性大，使得其在生产、运输及使用过程中要避免纤维的折叠。
在实际制作过程中，为保证玄武岩纤维布具有更好的使用性能，还会对玄武岩纤维与其他纤维进行混纺，制成的材料不仅能够满足工业用途，还能够用作防护服面料等，如《阻燃消防防护纤维及织物的研究》一文中，研究了多种混纺纤维制成的面料，其中采用芳纶、玄武岩纤维进行混纺织物制成消防服表层，成本适中，纤维韧性佳，具有一定的防火隔热效果。但是由于在石油化工等行业的工作环境中，静电也有可能成为点火源，引起火灾，所以防静电性能是防火布的制备中应该考虑的因素，这就需要对玄武岩纤维防火布进行一系列的工艺改性已达到最佳使用效果。
发明内容
本发明目的就是为了弥补已有技术的缺陷，提供一种抗静电防水透气玄武岩芳纶混纺防火布。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种抗静电防水透气玄武岩芳纶混纺防火布，由下列重量份的原料制备制成：间位芳纶短纤维50-55、连续玄武岩纤维45-50、100目鳞片石墨8-10、浓度为20wt%的氢氧化钠溶液适量、浓度为20wt%的硝酸溶液适量、羧甲基纤维素钠0.5-0.6、现配的浓度为10wt%的银氨溶液12-15、无水乙醇适量、乙醛6-7.5、水性环氧树脂8-10、六次甲基四胺1.5-2、去离子水适量、固含量50%的聚四氟乙烯乳液10-12、脂肪酸酰胺2-3、聚磷酸铵4-5、二硫化钼3-4、山梨醇酐单油酸酯0.8-1。
所述一种抗静电防水透气玄武岩芳纶混纺防火布，由以下具体步骤制成：
（1）将100目鳞片石墨在浓度为20wt%的氢氧化钠溶液中煮沸10-12分钟，用去离子水洗涤至中性后加入浓度为20wt%的硝酸溶液中煮沸10-12分钟，继续洗涤至中性后在60-70℃下真空干燥8-10小时，冷却后将预处理的鳞片石墨与羧甲基纤维素钠混合，加入总量2-2.5倍量的去离子水中，搅拌均匀，得到鳞片石墨悬浮液待用；将乙醛溶于2-2.5倍量的无水乙醇中，得到乙醛溶液待用；将鳞片石墨悬浮液加热至60-65℃，同时滴加现配的浓度为10wt%的银氨溶液与乙醛溶液，以300-400转/分的速度搅拌反应直至反应物颜色不在变化，取出固体，用无水乙醇洗涤后用去离子水洗至中性，最后烘干，得到镀银鳞片石墨粉；
（2）将环氧乳液、六次甲基四胺混合，加入总量10-12倍量的去离子水中，然后加入镀银鳞片石墨粉，以300-400转/份的速度搅拌30-40分钟形成浸渍浆料，再将间位芳纶短纤维浸入其中，取出后在75-80℃干燥，得到镀银石墨包覆芳纶纤维；
（3）将步骤（2）得到的镀银石墨包覆芳纶纤维与玄武岩纤维混合，经梳棉、并条、粗纱、细纱，得到混纺纱线，最后将混纺纱线编织成网，得到防火布基布；
（4）将山梨醇酐单油酸酯与二硫化钼混合，加入球磨机中，加热至50-60℃，球磨30-40分钟出料，加入总量4-5倍量的去离子水中，搅拌分散均匀后，继续加入中脂肪酸酰胺，形成混合浆料待用；将聚四氟乙烯乳液用去离子水稀释4-5倍后与混合浆料混合，最后加入其余剩余成分，以400-500转/分的速度搅拌60-80分钟，得到涂层浆料；
（5）将步骤（4）得到的涂层浆料涂刷在步骤（3）得到的防火布基布表面，用刮刀刮平，在90-100℃干燥90-120分钟，即得本发明。
本发明的优点是：本发明通过化学反应将鳞片石墨表面镀银，然后将镀银鳞片石墨通过浸渍的方法包覆在芳纶纤维表面，不仅提升了纤维的机械性能，可纺性，同时使得芳纶纤维阻燃性、抗静电性能大大提升；再将芳纶纤维与玄武岩纤维混纺编织成布，制成的防火布密度适中，不仅能阻燃防火性，同时抗静电、耐酸碱、具有优异的表面性能、力学性能。
本发明在防火布基布表面涂布一层聚四氟乙烯乳液等成分，能够防水透气，同时能够提升防火布的韧性，扩展了防火布的使用范围，不仅可以用作防火布、防火帘，还可以作为消防服内衬材料，既能防止消防灭火时的大量水分渗透进入防护服内部，又能保证消防队员产生的汗液透出，同时穿着具有良好的舒适性。
具体实施方式
一种抗静电防水透气玄武岩芳纶混纺防火布，由下列重量份（公斤）的原料制备制成：间位芳纶短纤维50、连续玄武岩纤维45、100目鳞片石墨8、浓度为20wt%的氢氧化钠溶液适量、浓度为20wt%的硝酸溶液适量、羧甲基纤维素钠0.5、现配的浓度为10wt%的银氨溶液12、无水乙醇适量、乙醛6、水性环氧树脂8、六次甲基四胺1.5、去离子水适量、固含量50%的聚四氟乙烯乳液10、脂肪酸酰胺2、聚磷酸铵4、二硫化钼3、山梨醇酐单油酸酯0.8。
所述一种抗静电防水透气玄武岩芳纶混纺防火布，由以下具体步骤制成：
（1）将100目鳞片石墨在浓度为20wt%的氢氧化钠溶液中煮沸10分钟，用去离子水洗涤至中性后加入浓度为20wt%的硝酸溶液中煮沸10分钟，继续洗涤至中性后在60℃下真空干燥8小时，冷却后将预处理的鳞片石墨与羧甲基纤维素钠混合，加入总量2倍量的去离子水中，搅拌均匀，得到鳞片石墨悬浮液待用；将乙醛溶于2倍量的无水乙醇中，得到乙醛溶液待用；将鳞片石墨悬浮液加热至60℃，同时滴加现配的浓度为10wt%的银氨溶液与乙醛溶液，以300转/分的速度搅拌反应直至反应物颜色不在变化，取出固体，用无水乙醇洗涤后用去离子水洗至中性，最后烘干，得到镀银鳞片石墨粉；
（2）将环氧乳液、六次甲基四胺混合，加入总量10倍量的去离子水中，然后加入镀银鳞片石墨粉，以300转/份的速度搅拌30分钟形成浸渍浆料，再将间位芳纶短纤维浸入其中，取出后在75℃干燥，得到镀银石墨包覆芳纶纤维；
（3）将步骤（2）得到的镀银石墨包覆芳纶纤维与玄武岩纤维混合，经梳棉、并条、粗纱、细纱，得到混纺纱线，最后将混纺纱线编织成网，得到防火布基布；
（4）将山梨醇酐单油酸酯与二硫化钼混合，加入球磨机中，加热至50℃，球磨30分钟出料，加入总量4倍量的去离子水中，搅拌分散均匀后，继续加入中脂肪酸酰胺，形成混合浆料待用；将聚四氟乙烯乳液用去离子水稀释4倍后与混合浆料混合，最后加入其余剩余成分，以400转/分的速度搅拌60分钟，得到涂层浆料；
（5）将步骤（4）得到的涂层浆料涂刷在步骤（3）得到的防火布基布表面，用刮刀刮平，在90℃干燥90分钟，即得本发明。
经测量本发明防火布的断裂强度13.1MPa，断裂伸长率18.2%，极限氧指数大于30，不易燃烧。

Claims (2)

1.一种抗静电防水透气玄武岩芳纶混纺防火布，其特征在于，由下列重量份的原料制备制成：间位芳纶短纤维50-55、连续玄武岩纤维45-50、100目鳞片石墨8-10、浓度为20wt%的氢氧化钠溶液适量、浓度为20wt%的硝酸溶液适量、羧甲基纤维素钠0.5-0.6、现配的浓度为10wt%的银氨溶液12-15、无水乙醇适量、乙醛6-7.5、水性环氧树脂8-10、六次甲基四胺1.5-2、去离子水适量、固含量50%的聚四氟乙烯乳液10-12、脂肪酸酰胺2-3、聚磷酸铵4-5、二硫化钼3-4、山梨醇酐单油酸酯0.8-1。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种抗静电防水透气玄武岩芳纶混纺防火布，其特征在于，由以下具体步骤制成：
（1）将100目鳞片石墨在浓度为20wt%的氢氧化钠溶液中煮沸10-12分钟，用去离子水洗涤至中性后加入浓度为20wt%的硝酸溶液中煮沸10-12分钟，继续洗涤至中性后在60-70℃下真空干燥8-10小时，冷却后将预处理的鳞片石墨与羧甲基纤维素钠混合，加入总量2-2.5倍量的去离子水中，搅拌均匀，得到鳞片石墨悬浮液待用；将乙醛溶于2-2.5倍量的无水乙醇中，得到乙醛溶液待用；将鳞片石墨悬浮液加热至60-65℃，同时滴加现配的浓度为10wt%的银氨溶液与乙醛溶液，以300-400转/分的速度搅拌反应直至反应物颜色不在变化，取出固体，用无水乙醇洗涤后用去离子水洗至中性，最后烘干，得到镀银鳞片石墨粉；
（2）将环氧乳液、六次甲基四胺混合，加入总量10-12倍量的去离子水中，然后加入镀银鳞片石墨粉，以300-400转/份的速度搅拌30-40分钟形成浸渍浆料，再将间位芳纶短纤维浸入其中，取出后在75-80℃干燥，得到镀银石墨包覆芳纶纤维；
（3）将步骤（2）得到的镀银石墨包覆芳纶纤维与玄武岩纤维混合，经梳棉、并条、粗纱、细纱，得到混纺纱线，最后将混纺纱线编织成网，得到防火布基布；
（4）将山梨醇酐单油酸酯与二硫化钼混合，加入球磨机中，加热至50-60℃，球磨30-40分钟出料，加入总量4-5倍量的去离子水中，搅拌分散均匀后，继续加入中脂肪酸酰胺，形成混合浆料待用；将聚四氟乙烯乳液用去离子水稀释4-5倍后与混合浆料混合，最后加入其余剩余成分，以400-500转/分的速度搅拌60-80分钟，得到涂层浆料；
（5）将步骤（4）得到的涂层浆料涂刷在步骤（3）得到的防火布基布表面，用刮刀刮平，在90-100℃干燥90-120分钟，即得本发明。
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