CN108749224B - 一种高阻燃透气面料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高阻燃透气面料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108749224B CN108749224B CN201810382212.9A CN201810382212A CN108749224B CN 108749224 B CN108749224 B CN 108749224B CN 201810382212 A CN201810382212 A CN 201810382212A CN 108749224 B CN108749224 B CN 108749224B
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高阻燃透气面料及其制备方法，该面料包括里料层、中料层和外料层，所述的外料层和里料层分别连接在中料层的上下两面，中料层和外料层之间还设有胶膜层；所述的里料层为透气面料，中料层为隔热阻燃面料，胶膜层为粘接剂，外料层为阻燃面料；所述的隔热阻燃面料是将2‑5根改性玻璃纤维在成股机中捻成股，之后经平织得到；制备的高阻燃透气面料，从原材料上解决透气性能和阻燃性能，生产的高阻燃透气面料具有吸湿透气、高阻燃、轻薄、耐磨等优点，穿着舒适性和强力都进一步提高，可用于制作作战服、阻燃服和防护服。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于纺织服装技术领域，具体涉及一种高阻燃透气面料及其制备方法。
背景技术
普通的化纤合成纤维和天然纤维都比较容易燃烧，在消防、冶炼等高温行业，强大的辐射热能使普通服装迅速受热熔融、分解并燃烧，容易灼伤操作人员的肌肤，威胁其生命安全。阻燃服由于在面料中增加了阻燃纤维或者在面料上涂覆了阻燃剂，从而能够大大减慢燃烧速度，在移动后马上自行熄灭，而且燃烧部分迅速炭化而不产生熔融、滴落或穿洞，给人时间撤离燃烧现场或脱掉身燃烧的衣服，减少或避免烧伤烫伤，达到保护的目的。阻燃服因此成为高温作业人员的必要防护品之一。
一般的防火面料是采用阻燃材料或者在普通纤维中添加了阻燃成分制成，具有一定的防火性能，在装饰性防火墙布以及消防服中有所应用，但透气性欠佳，穿着舒适性差，消防等高温作业人员经常会暴露在火焰或高温中，他们需要的防护服或者防护制品除了能够耐高温以外，由于人体剧烈的运动使得人体的排汗量成倍排出，加之外部极高的环境温度，会使消防员产生极大的闷湿感，会严重影响消防员的作战效率。
天然彩色茧丝的丝蛋白分子间空间孔隙率大，是天然的多孔性蛋白质纤维，天然彩色茧织物具有良好的透气性、柔韧性、吸放湿性，同时，多孔的丝蛋白纤维与活性炭具有类似的吸附作用，可以对天然彩色茧织物本身具有自洁除臭的功能，另外，天然彩色茧丝对紫外线有较强的抵抗能力，天然彩色茧丝中含有的黄酮色素和类胡萝卜素具有良好的抗菌效果和一定的抗氧化性，穿着天然彩色茧织物对人体具有保健作用。
玻璃纤维是一种性能优异的无机非金属材料，种类繁多，优点是绝缘性好、耐热性强、抗腐蚀性好，机械强度高，但缺点是性脆，耐磨性较差。玻璃纤维织物具有良好的防火保温阻燃性能，但是玻璃纤维的韧性较差，不易加工生产，制作的成品易褶皱破损，使用寿命短。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种高阻燃透气面料及其制备方法，制备的高阻燃透气面料，从原材料上解决透气性能和阻燃性能，生产的高阻燃透气面料具有吸湿透气、高阻燃、轻薄、耐磨等优点，穿着舒适性和强力都进一步提高，可用于制作作战服、阻燃服和防护服。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案实现：
一种高阻燃透气面料，包括里料层、中料层和外料层，所述的外料层和里料层分别连接在中料层的上下两面，中料层和外料层之间还设有胶膜层；所述的里料层为透气面料，中料层为隔热阻燃面料，胶膜层为粘接剂，外料层为阻燃面料；所述的隔热阻燃面料是将2-5根改性玻璃纤维在成股机中捻成股，之后经平织得到。
进一步，所述的透气面料由天然彩色茧丝交织而成，天然彩色茧丝的孔隙率为8-12％。
进一步，所述的粘接剂为UV固化型粘接剂。
进一步，所述的阻燃面料是以聚酰亚胺2080纤维为经线，聚苯并咪唑纤维为纬线，经线和纬线交织而成。
进一步，所述的改性玻璃纤维各原料的重量百分比为：纳米二氧化硅30-45％、纳米氧化铝10-15％、纳米氧化钙10-15％、纳米氧化锆5-8％、纳米氧化硼4-8％、纳米氧化镁3-6％、纳米氧化钾0-1％、纳米氧化钠0-1％、环氧树脂20-30％、增韧剂3-6％。
进一步，所述的纳米二氧化硅、纳米氧化铝、纳米氧化钙、纳米氧化锆、纳米氧化硼、纳米氧化镁、纳米氧化钾、纳米氧化钠的尺寸分别为10-70nm。
进一步，所述的增韧剂为丁基再生橡胶。
进一步，所述的改性玻璃纤维制备方法为：将各原料加入到混料桶中进行预混，接着将预混后的物料加入到螺杆挤出机中进行熔融，熔体输送至纺丝箱体拉丝，再经计量泵进入纺丝组件后从喷丝头挤出改性玻璃纤维，挤出的改性玻璃纤维通入温水中快速冷却定型即得成品。
进一步，所述的螺杆挤出机一区温度为110-130℃，二区温度为210-240℃；所述的拉丝速度为6-10m/min，所述的温水的温度为45-55℃。
一种高阻燃透气面料的其制备方法，具体包括以下步骤：
S1、将经线聚酰亚胺2080纤维和纬线聚苯并咪唑纤维为放置在织布机上编织即得到阻燃面料；所述经线聚酰亚胺2080纤维为45-60份，纬线聚苯并咪唑纤维为30-50份；
S2、将改性玻璃纤维放置在成股机中捻成股，之后经织布机上编织即得到隔热阻燃面料；
S3、将天然彩色茧丝放置在织布机上编织即得到透气面料；
S4、将透气面料与隔热阻燃面料进行缝合得到基布；
S5、将基布放置于胶辊中，将粘接剂涂覆在隔热阻燃面料表面，涂覆过程维持温度在65-70℃；
S6、制备的阻燃面料放置在涂覆有粘接剂的基布上，采用压印机进行热压合或热压花，热压合或热压花的温度为55-60℃；
S7、将热压合或热压花的布料经风冷、剪边、收卷即得到高阻燃透气面料。
改性玻璃纤维增韧机理为：首先环氧树脂与增韧剂丁基再生橡胶反应，从而引入一部分柔性链段，降低环氧树脂模量，提高了韧性；原料纳米氧化物(纳米二氧化硅、纳米氧化铝、纳米氧化钙、纳米氧化锆、纳米氧化硼、纳米氧化镁、纳米氧化钾、纳米氧化钠)具有较大的比表面积，表面原子又有极高的不饱和性，因此纳米氧化物表面活性非常大；增韧的环氧树脂与纳米氧化物形成远大于范德华力的作用，能很好地引发微裂纹，吸收能量，纳米氧化物既能引发银纹，又能终止裂纹，同时，纳米粒子具有很强的刚性，裂纹在扩展时遇到纳米粒子发生箨向或偏转，吸收能量而达到增韧目的；另外，纳米氧化物与增韧的环氧树脂具有良好的相容性，使基体对冲击能量的分散能力和吸收能力提高，继而大大提高了玻璃纤维的韧性。
本发明的有益效果：
(1)本发明提供的一种高阻燃透气面料及其制备方法，该面料包括里料层、中料层和外料层，所述的外料层和里料层分别连接在中料层的上下两面，中料层和外料层之间还设有胶膜层；所述的里料层为透气面料，中料层为隔热阻燃面料，胶膜层为粘接剂，外料层为阻燃面料；透气面料由天然彩色茧丝交织而成，透气性能良好；中料层的隔热阻燃面料和外料层的阻燃面料构成了双重阻燃保护机构，大大增加了面料的阻燃性能；
(2)中料层的隔热阻燃面料是将2-5根改性玻璃纤维在成股机中捻成股，之后经平织得到，改性玻璃纤维改善了传统玻璃纤维的性脆和耐磨性较差的缺点，制成的高阻燃透气面料成品柔性佳，穿着舒适；
(3)制备的高阻燃透气面料，从原材料上解决透气性能和阻燃性能，生产的高阻燃透气面料具有吸湿透气、高阻燃、轻薄、耐磨等优点，穿着舒适性和强力都进一步提高，可用于制作作战服、阻燃服和防护服。
当然，实施本发明的任一产品并不一定需要同时达到以上所述的所有优点。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明一种高阻燃透气面料结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
请参阅图1所示，本发明为一种高阻燃透气面料，包括里料层1、中料层2和外料层4，所述的外料层4和里料层1分别连接在中料层2的上下两面，中料层2和外料层4之间还设有胶膜层3；所述的里料层1为透气面料，中料层2为隔热阻燃面料，胶膜层3为粘接剂，外料层4为阻燃面料；
所述的透气面料由天然彩色茧丝交织而成，天然彩色茧丝的孔隙率为10％；
所述的隔热阻燃面料是将3根改性玻璃纤维在成股机中捻成股，之后经平织得到；
所述的改性玻璃纤维各原料的重量为：纳米二氧化硅30g、纳米氧化铝12g、纳米氧化钙12g、纳米氧化锆6g、纳米氧化硼5.5g、纳米氧化镁3g、纳米氧化钾0.5g、纳米氧化钠0.5g、环氧树脂25g、增韧剂5.5g；
所述的纳米二氧化硅、纳米氧化铝、纳米氧化钙、纳米氧化锆、纳米氧化硼、纳米氧化镁、纳米氧化钾、纳米氧化钠的尺寸分别为10-70nm；
所述的增韧剂为丁基再生橡胶；
所述的改性玻璃纤维制备方法为：将各原料加入到混料桶中进行预混，接着将预混后的物料加入到螺杆挤出机中进行熔融，熔体输送至纺丝箱体拉丝，再经计量泵进入纺丝组件后从喷丝头挤出改性玻璃纤维，挤出的改性玻璃纤维通入温水中快速冷却定型即得成品；
所述的螺杆挤出机一区温度为110℃，二区温度为210℃；所述的拉丝速度为6m/min，所述的温水的温度为45℃；
所述的粘接剂为UV固化型粘接剂。
所述的阻燃面料是以聚酰亚胺2080纤维为经线，聚苯并咪唑纤维为纬线，经线和纬线交织而成。
一种高阻燃透气面料的其制备方法，具体包括以下步骤：
S1、将经线聚酰亚胺2080纤维和纬线聚苯并咪唑纤维为放置在织布机上编织即得到阻燃面料；所述经线聚酰亚胺2080纤维为60份，纬线聚苯并咪唑纤维为40份；
S2、将改性玻璃纤维放置在成股机中捻成股，之后经织布机上编织即得到隔热阻燃面料；
S3、将天然彩色茧丝放置在织布机上编织即得到透气面料；
S4、将透气面料与隔热阻燃面料进行缝合得到基布；
S5、将基布放置于胶辊中，将粘接剂涂覆在隔热阻燃面料表面，涂覆过程维持温度在65℃；
S6、制备的阻燃面料放置在涂覆有粘接剂的基布上，采用压印机进行热压合或热压花，热压合或热压花的温度为55℃；
S7、将热压合或热压花的布料经风冷、剪边、收卷即得到高阻燃透气面料。
实施例2
所述的改性玻璃纤维各原料的重量为：纳米二氧化硅42g、纳米氧化铝10g、纳米氧化钙10g、纳米氧化锆5g、纳米氧化硼4g、纳米氧化镁3g、环氧树脂20g、增韧剂6g；
一种高阻燃透气面料的其制备方法，具体包括以下步骤：
S1、将经线聚酰亚胺2080纤维和纬线聚苯并咪唑纤维为放置在织布机上编织即得到阻燃面料；所述经线聚酰亚胺2080纤维为50份，纬线聚苯并咪唑纤维为50份；
S2、将改性玻璃纤维放置在成股机中捻成股，之后经织布机上编织即得到隔热阻燃面料；
S3、将天然彩色茧丝放置在织布机上编织即得到透气面料；
S4、将透气面料与隔热阻燃面料进行缝合得到基布；
S5、将基布放置于胶辊中，将粘接剂涂覆在隔热阻燃面料表面，涂覆过程维持温度在70℃；
S6、制备的阻燃面料放置在涂覆有粘接剂的基布上，采用压印机进行热压合或热压花，热压合或热压花的温度为60℃；
其余同实施例1。
实施例3
所述的改性玻璃纤维各原料的重量为：纳米二氧化硅31g、纳米氧化铝14g、纳米氧化钙12g、纳米氧化锆8g、纳米氧化硼6g、纳米氧化镁5g、环氧树脂20g、增韧剂3g；
一种高阻燃透气面料的其制备方法，具体包括以下步骤：
S1、将经线聚酰亚胺2080纤维和纬线聚苯并咪唑纤维为放置在织布机上编织即得到阻燃面料；所述经线聚酰亚胺2080纤维为58份，纬线聚苯并咪唑纤维为42份；
S2、将改性玻璃纤维放置在成股机中捻成股，之后经织布机上编织即得到隔热阻燃面料；
S3、将天然彩色茧丝放置在织布机上编织即得到透气面料；
S4、将透气面料与隔热阻燃面料进行缝合得到基布；
S5、将基布放置于胶辊中，将粘接剂涂覆在隔热阻燃面料表面，涂覆过程维持温度在66℃；
S6、制备的阻燃面料放置在涂覆有粘接剂的基布上，采用压印机进行热压合或热压花，热压合或热压花的温度为57℃；
其余同实施例1。
高阻燃透气面料性能测试：
实施例1至3制备的高阻燃透气面料均可耐650℃高温，在650℃空气中加热1h，阻燃面料收缩率仅为5-8％，重量损失2.2-3.5％；
其中透气率按照国标GB/T5453进行测试，测试结果为：实施例1至3对应的阻燃面料透气率均≥100mm/s(100pa条件下测试)，透湿量测试按照国标GB/T12704-1991进行测试，测试结果为：实施例1至3对应的阻燃面料透气率均≥10000g/(㎡d)。
综上所述，制备的高阻燃透气面料，从原材料上解决了透气性能和阻燃性能，生产的高阻燃透气面料具有吸湿透气、高阻燃、轻薄、耐磨等优点，穿着舒适性和强力都进一步提高，可用于制作作战服、阻燃服和防护服。
以上内容仅仅是对本发明的构思所作的举例和说明，所属本技术领域的技术人员对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代，只要不偏离发明的构思或者超越本权利要求书所定义的范围，均应属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (3)
1.一种高阻燃透气面料，其特征在于：包括里料层(1)、中料层(2)和外料层(4)，所述的外料层(4)和里料层(1)分别连接在中料层(2)的上下两面，中料层(2)和外料层(4)之间还设有胶膜层(3)；所述的里料层(1)为透气面料，中料层(2)为隔热阻燃面料，胶膜层(3)为粘接剂，外料层(4)为阻燃面料；
所述的透气面料由天然彩色茧丝交织而成，天然彩色茧丝的孔隙率为8-12％；
所述的隔热阻燃面料是将2-5根改性玻璃纤维在成股机中捻成股，之后经平织得到；所述的改性玻璃纤维各原料的重量百分比为：纳米二氧化硅30-45％、纳米氧化铝10-15％、纳米氧化钙10-15％、纳米氧化锆5-8％、纳米氧化硼4-8％、纳米氧化镁3-6％、纳米氧化钾0-1％、纳米氧化钠0-1％、环氧树脂20-30％、增韧剂3-6％；纳米二氧化硅、纳米氧化铝、纳米氧化钙、纳米氧化锆、纳米氧化硼、纳米氧化镁、纳米氧化钾、纳米氧化钠的尺寸分别为10-70nm；所述的增韧剂为丁基再生橡胶；所述的改性玻璃纤维制备方法为：将各原料加入到混料桶中进行预混，接着将预混后的物料加入到螺杆挤出机中进行熔融，螺杆挤出机一区温度为110-130℃，二区温度为210-240℃，熔体输送至纺丝箱体拉丝，拉丝速度为6-10m/min，再经计量泵进入纺丝组件后从喷丝头挤出改性玻璃纤维，挤出的改性玻璃纤维通入温水中快速冷却定型即得成品，所述的温水的温度为 45-55 ℃ ；
所述的阻燃面料是以聚酰亚胺2080纤维为经线，聚苯并咪唑纤维为纬线，经线和纬线交织而成；
该高阻燃透气面料的制备方法为：
S1、将经线聚酰亚胺2080纤维和纬线聚苯并咪唑纤维为放置在织布机上编织即得到阻燃面料；所述经线聚酰亚胺2080纤维为45-60份，纬线聚苯并咪唑纤维为30-50份；
S2、将改性玻璃纤维放置在成股机中捻成股，之后经织布机上编织即得到隔热阻燃面料；
S3、将天然彩色茧丝放置在织布机上编织即得到透气面料；
S4、将透气面料与隔热阻燃面料进行缝合得到基布；
S5、将基布放置于胶辊中，将粘接剂涂覆在隔热阻燃面料表面，涂覆过程维持温度在65-70℃；
S6、制备的阻燃面料放置在涂覆有粘接剂的基布上，采用压印机进行热压合或热压花，热压合或热压花的温度为55-60℃；
S7、将热压合或热压花的布料经风冷、剪边、收卷即得到高阻燃透气面料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高阻燃透气面料，其特征在于：所述的粘接剂为UV固化型粘接剂。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种高阻燃透气面料的制备方法，其特征在于：具体包括以下步骤：
S1、将经线聚酰亚胺2080纤维和纬线聚苯并咪唑纤维为放置在织布机上编织即得到阻燃面料；所述经线聚酰亚胺2080纤维为45-60份，纬线聚苯并咪唑纤维为30-50份；
S2、将改性玻璃纤维放置在成股机中捻成股，之后经织布机上编织即得到隔热阻燃面料；
S3、将天然彩色茧丝放置在织布机上编织即得到透气面料；
S4、将透气面料与隔热阻燃面料进行缝合得到基布；
S5、将基布放置于胶辊中，将粘接剂涂覆在隔热阻燃面料表面，涂覆过程维持温度在65-70℃；
S6、制备的阻燃面料放置在涂覆有粘接剂的基布上，采用压印机进行热压合或热压花，热压合或热压花的温度为55-60℃；
S7、将热压合或热压花的布料经风冷、剪边、收卷即得到高阻燃透气面料。
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