CN106007852A - Morchella field cultivation bedding as well as preparation method and use method thereof - Google Patents
Morchella field cultivation bedding as well as preparation method and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106007852A CN106007852A CN201610346275.XA CN201610346275A CN106007852A CN 106007852 A CN106007852 A CN 106007852A CN 201610346275 A CN201610346275 A CN 201610346275A CN 106007852 A CN106007852 A CN 106007852A
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- padding
- morchella esculenta
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of fungi cultivation, and relates to an efficient cultivation method of morchella, in particular to a morchella field cultivation bedding as well as a preparation method and a use method thereof. The morchella field cultivation bedding is capable of remarkably improving morchella yield, and is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 40-45 parts of humus, 30-40 parts of wood chips, 8-15 parts of wheat bran, 2-8 parts of borax and 3.5-8 parts of FeSO4+KH2PO4. By means of improving soil in a way of adding bedding at the early stage of cultivation, the water retention and the air permeability are improved, the labor intensity is lightened, and the morchella yield is increased; the morchella field cultivation bedding has the characteristics of being less in input, high in benefit, quick in response and simple in operation, thus being an ideal and novel field cultivation bedding; the morchella field cultivation bedding is in accordance with the conditions of large-scale popularization and utilization, can improve the enthusiasm of planting the morchella of farmers, and has very wide application prospect in the production of the morchella.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fungi cultivation field, relate to the efficient cultivation method of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers, be specifically related to a kind of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field
Between cultivate bedding and padding and preparation method thereof and using method.
Background technology
Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers Morchella, is subordinate to Ascomycota Ascomycota, discomycete Discomycetes, Pezizale
Pezizales, Morchellaceae Morchellaceae, because its cap has irregular depression and has fold more, outer likeness in form Gaster caprae seu Ovis and
Gain the name.Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers is nutritious, delicious flavour, as world-famous delicious edible fungi and medicinal fungus, be current price the most
One of expensive wild mushroom.
In recent years, the Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers artificial culture in CHINESE REGION quickly grows, and planting type is various, and cultivation scale expands year by year
Greatly.Cultivation situation in recent years shows, Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers is a kind of low temperature and high relative humidity bacterium, and it is brown to black that existing cultivar mostly is cap
The black Gaster caprae seu Ovis fungus strain (black morels) of color is for metatrophy type, higher for soil with organic matter content requirement, with corruption
The husky brown earth growing matter content high is advisable.In the field cultivation cycle, water management is most important, hypohydration, and former base forms number
Reduce；Excess moisture then children mushroom is perishable, and parasitosis evil takes place frequently.This characteristic of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers cultivar so that in cultivation
Labor intensity is big, and yielding stability is poor.
Existing Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers cultivation technique is many from strain formula, planting type, and field management etc. is started with discussion, including Gaster caprae seu Ovis
The tame all processes of bacterium, optimize breeding strain (such as Chinese Patent Application No. 201410386733.3), and increasing agent is used
(such as Chinese Patent Application No. 201510374769.4), planting type improvement (such as Chinese Patent Application No. 201310129134.9)
Deng, but it is specific to field cultivation soil treatment and planting type etc. then almost without relating to.
Inventor finds that the field cultivation of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers is tame key, adds the bedding and padding of special formulation during sowing,
Can be with chesson, abundant soil nutrient, moreover it is possible to increase the water-retaining property of soil, meet the requirement of metatrophy type cultivar,
Bedding and padding process and can effectively reduce later stage field management workload, strengthen the stability of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers yield.Bedding and padding in the present invention
Refer to before Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers seed sows, uniformly sow the substrate on Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers cultivation face, railway carriage or compartment, in order to improve soil, it is provided that support
Point.
Summary of the invention
First technical problem solved by the invention is to provide a kind of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers that can significantly improve Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers yield
Field cultivation bedding and padding.
Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field cultivation bedding and padding of the present invention, including the component of following weight proportioning:
Preferably, Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field cultivation bedding and padding of the present invention, including the component of following weight proportioning:
Further, FeSO4And KH2PO3Weight proportion be: FeSO43-6 part, KH2PO40.5-1.5 part.I.e. this
Bright Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field cultivation bedding and padding, including the component of following weight proportioning:
Most preferably, FeSO4And KH2PO3Weight proportion be: FeSO45 parts, KH2PO30.5 part.Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers the most of the present invention
Field cultivation bedding and padding, including the component of following weight proportioning:
In the raw material of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field cultivation bedding and padding of the present invention: wood flour and wheat bran are used for providing carbon source, nitrogen source, and for excellent
Change carbon-nitrogen ratio, chesson can be played, the effect of water conservation simultaneously.FeSO4And KH2PO4For providing Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers growth institute required
Mineral element, a small amount of Borax be used as herbicide and antibacterial.
Second technical problem solved by the invention is to provide the preparation method of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field cultivation bedding and padding of the present invention:
Weigh each component by following weight proportion mix and get final product.
Preferably, Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field cultivation bedding and padding of the present invention, including the component of following weight proportioning:
Further, FeSO4And KH2PO3Weight proportion be:
FeSO43-6 part
KH2PO40.5-1.5 part.
Most preferably, FeSO4And KH2PO3Weight proportion be:
FeSO45 parts
KH2PO40.5 part.
3rd technical problem solved by the invention is to provide the using method of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field cultivation bedding and padding of the present invention,
Step is as follows:
A, Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field cultivation bedding and padding weigh each component by following weight proportion, mixing；
B, Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field cultivation bedding and padding and water is by weight ratio: Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field cultivation bedding and padding 1-4 part, water 1-2 part are (excellent
Choosing, 2 parts of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field cultivation bedding and padding, 1 part of water) mixing；
C, sterilizing, cooling；
Loosening the soil out railway carriage or compartment in D, field, lays step B and add water the Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field cultivation bedding and padding of mixing.
In above-mentioned using method, it is preferred that step A Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field cultivation bedding and padding weigh each group by following weight proportion
Point:
Further, FeSO4And KH2PO3Weight proportion be:
FeSO43-6 part
KH2PO40.5-1.5 part.
Most preferably, FeSO4And KH2PO3Weight proportion be:
FeSO45 parts
KH2PO40.5 part.
In above-mentioned using method, sterilizing described in step C is for using 110-121 DEG C of sterilizing 2-6h, preferably 121 DEG C sterilizings
2.5h。
In above-mentioned using method, railway carriage or compartment is loosened the soil out for being spaced grand railway carriage or compartment and ditching, railway carriage or compartment face width 90-110cm, furrow width in step D field
30-40cm, ditch depth 20-30cm.
4th technical problem solved by the invention is to provide the field cultivation method of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers, and key point is to use
Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field cultivation bedding and padding of the present invention, step is as follows:
(1) Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field cultivation bedding and padding are with water by weight ratio: Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field cultivation bedding and padding 1-4 part, water 1-2 part
(preferably, 2 parts of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field cultivation bedding and padding, 1 part of water) mixes, sterilizing, cooling；
(2) loosen the soil out railway carriage or compartment in field；
(3) laying step (1) adds water and mixes the Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field cultivation bedding and padding of gained；
(4) broadcast sowing Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers strain, earthing, water；
(5) according to conventional field management.
After being out railway carriage or compartment exactly in place of the key of above-mentioned cultural method, lay Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field cultivation bedding and padding of the present invention real
Now improve soil, improve the effect of water conservation permeability.
In above-mentioned cultural method, railway carriage or compartment is loosened the soil out for being spaced grand railway carriage or compartment and ditching, railway carriage or compartment face width 90-in step (2) described field
110cm, furrow width 30-40cm, ditch depth 20-30cm.
In above-mentioned cultural method, (3) lay the consumption Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field cultivation bedding and padding 100-with the mixing gained that adds water
300kg/ mu calculates, and preferably lays consumption and calculates with the Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field cultivation bedding and padding 150kg/ mu of the mixing gained that adds water.
The cultivation area edaphic condition that the present invention be directed to easily occur in Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers cultivation is not ideal enough, breathability
Difference, nutrient is not enough, and water-retaining property is the highest and the former base that causes is formed and is obstructed, the problem that water management is loaded down with trivial details and labor intensity is big, will
The organic chemical compositions such as organic matter, protein, the Inorganic chemical composition such as Yi Jitie, phosphorus, potassium, boron combines according to a certain ratio, is formed
A kind of multi-functional formula of padding that can improve Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers yield and benefit.By at the cultivation initial stage, to add the side of bedding and padding
Formula improvement soil, improves water conservation permeability, reduces labor intensity, improve Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers yield.
Being proved by field production test, Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field cultivation bedding and padding can make Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers. Mycelium growing way excellent, Biomass
Accumulate more, Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers average product 251.34kg/ mu, relatively blank output increased 156.36kg/ mu, exceed 60.74%,
Every per mu yield increases about 100kg, and effect is notable；Calculating according to 120 yuan/kg of Vehicles Collected from Market procurement price, net income exceeds simultaneously
Comparison about 12000 yuan/mu, it is possible to dramatically increase Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers productivity effect, promote Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers industry development.
To sum up, cultural method of the present invention has input little, high efficiency, instant effect, feature simple to operate, is a kind of preferable
Novel field cultivation bedding and padding, meet large-scale promotion utilize condition, the enthusiasm of peasant planting Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers can be improved, sheep
Tripe bacterium has boundless application prospect on producing.
Detailed description of the invention
The detailed description of the invention of form by the following examples, remakes the most specifically the foregoing of the present invention
Bright, illustrate but be not intended to the present invention.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
The system of embodiment 1 Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field cultivation bedding and padding and using
Following material is weighed: 42.5 weight portion fertile soil according to weight proportion, 34 weight portion wood flours, 13 weight portion Testa Tritici, 5
Weight portion Borax, 5 weight portion FeSO4, 0.5 weight portion KH2PO4, mix homogeneously obtains bedding and padding, adds water according to the ratio of mass ratio 2:1
(i.e. 10kg bedding and padding supplement 5kg water), 121 DEG C of sterilizing 2.5h, cool down stand-by.
During field cultivation, consumption is 150kg/ mu, according to being spaced grand railway carriage or compartment and ditching, railway carriage or compartment face width 90-110cm, furrow width 30-
40cm, the mode of ditch depth 20-30cm is loosened the soil out railway carriage or compartment, by bedding and padding uniform broadcasting on cultivation face, railway carriage or compartment, broadcasts sowing Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers strain afterwards,
Earthing, waters, and i.e. completes cultivation.
The impact on Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers yield of the embodiment 2 Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field cultivation bedding and padding difference mineral element addition
In Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field cultivation bedding and padding of the present invention, inorganic salt mainly includes Borax, FeSO4And KH2PO4, FeSO4In order to mend
Filling iron ion, beneficially sclerotium of morchella esculenta is formed；KH2PO4Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers. Mycelium is conducive to be formed；Borax then removes as one sterilization
Grass agent is added, it is possible to other microorganisms and the growth of weeds in suppression Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field cultivation, reduces the kind in Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers growth
Between competitive pressure, beneficially Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers sporophore formed.Determine its respective field scope by single factor experiment, design orthogonal
Test, the weight portion of remaining raw material of bedding and padding is: 42.5 weight portion fertile soil, 34 weight portion wood flours, and 13 weight portion Testa Tritici determine boron
Sand, FeSO4And KH2PO4Optimal proportion, calculates in parts by weight.Other preparation conditions of bedding and padding and method, application process see reality
Execute example 1.
The impact on Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers yield of the table 1 Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field cultivation bedding and padding difference mineral element addition
By orthogonal test it can be seen that the average maximum of K is corresponding in turn in the Borax of 5 weight portions, 5 weight portions
FeSO4And 0.5 KH of weight portion2PO4, therefore deduce that the optimal proportion of above-mentioned 3 kinds of materials, i.e. 5 weight portion Boraxs, 5 weight
Part FeSO4And 0.5 weight portion KH2PO4, under the conditions of optimization formula, the yield of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers is the highest.
The field test of embodiment 3 Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field cultivation bedding and padding
2014-2015 years, inventor carried out Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field cultivation bedding and padding different administration amount to Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers yield shadow
The community comparative test rung, 6 kinds of different administration amounts of EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN, every kind of amount of application completes 3 times to be repeated.According to weight ratio Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers
2 parts of field cultivation bedding and padding, 1 part of water obtain the Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field cultivation bedding and padding mixed that add water, and amount of application is with the Gaster caprae seu Ovis of the mixing that adds water
Bacterium field cultivation bedding and padding meter, amount of application sets 0kg/ mu successively, 50kg/ mu, 100kg/ mu, 150kg/ mu, 200kg/ mu,
250kg/ mu, each experimental plot area 30 (5m × 6m), experimental result is shown in Table 2.
The impact on Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers yield of the table 2 Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field cultivation novel bedding and padding different administration amount
Remarks: field test plot area is 30, one mu is 667.
As shown in Table 2, Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field cultivation novel bedding and padding different administration amount processes has bigger shadow to Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers yield
Ringing, wherein, when amount of application is between 0kg/ mu to 150kg/ mu, along with amount of application increases, Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers yield significantly improves.?
After 150kg/ mu, continuing to increase amount of application, the lifting of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers yield will not be caused appreciable impact, therefore, amount of application can
To determine at 150kg/ mu.Every mu is increased production about 90kg, and Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field cultivation novel bedding and padding effect in Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers volume increase is described
Really highly significant.
Embodiment 4 uses the field management of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field cultivation bedding and padding
2014-2015 years, inventor carried out Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field cultivation bedding and padding and has used the test of rear field management situation.If
Determining test group and matched group, test group uses bedding and padding according to the consumption of 150kg/ mu, and bedding and padding preparation condition and application process see
Embodiment 1, matched group does not deals with, and remaining planting type is identical, and experimental plot all delimit 300.Observe soil in cultivation
The situation of change of earth moisture.Result shows, matched group antecedent soil moisture is very fast, in the field cultivation of 120 days, completes 24 times altogether
Watering, face, test group railway carriage or compartment is the most moistening, completes 8 times and waters.Ultimate output test group 118.54kg, matched group 76.23kg,
Test group volume increase 56%.Meanwhile, test group frequency of watering is only the 1/3 of matched group, saves substantial amounts of cost of labor, economic effect
Benefit is notable.
Claims (9)
1. Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field cultivation bedding and padding, it is characterised in that: include the component of following weight proportioning:
Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field cultivation bedding and padding the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: include the group of following weight proportioning
Point:
Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field cultivation bedding and padding the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: include the group of following weight proportioning
Point:
Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field cultivation bedding and padding the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: include the group of following weight proportioning
Point:
5. the preparation method of the Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field cultivation bedding and padding described in any one of claim 1-4, it is characterised in that: fertile soil,
Wood flour, Testa Tritici, Borax, FeSO4、KH2PO4Weight proportion as described in aforementioned any one of claim 1-4 weighs the mixing of each component
Obtain.
6. the using method of the Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field cultivation bedding and padding described in any one of claim 1-4, it is characterised in that: step is such as
Under:
A, Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field cultivation bedding and padding weight proportion as described in aforementioned any one of claim 1-5 weigh each component, mixing；
B, Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field cultivation bedding and padding are with water by weight ratio: Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field cultivation bedding and padding 1-4 part, water 1-2 part mix；
C, sterilizing, cooling；
Loosening the soil out railway carriage or compartment in D, field, lays step B and add water the Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field cultivation bedding and padding of mixing.
The using method of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field cultivation bedding and padding the most according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: below at least meeting
Any one:
Step B Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field cultivation bedding and padding and water is by weight ratio: 2 parts of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field cultivation bedding and padding, 1 part of water；
Sterilizing described in step C is for using 110-121 DEG C of sterilizing 2-6h；
Preferably, sterilizing described in step C is for using 121 DEG C of sterilizing 2.5h；
Railway carriage or compartment is loosened the soil out for being spaced grand railway carriage or compartment and ditching, railway carriage or compartment face width 90-110cm, furrow width 30-40cm, ditch depth 20-30cm in step D field.
8. the field cultivation method of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers, it is characterised in that: use the Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field described in any one of claim 1-4 to plant
Training bedding and padding, cultural method step is as follows:
(1) Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field cultivation bedding and padding are with water by weight ratio: Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field cultivation bedding and padding 1-4 part, water 1-2 part mix,
Sterilizing, cooling；
(2) loosen the soil out railway carriage or compartment in field；
(3) laying step (1) adds water and mixes the Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field cultivation bedding and padding of gained；
(4) broadcast sowing Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers strain, earthing, water；
(5) according to conventional field management.
The field cultivation method of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers the most according to claim 8, it is characterised in that: at least meet following any one
:
Step (1) Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field cultivation bedding and padding are with water by weight ratio: 2 parts of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field cultivation bedding and padding, 1 part of water mix；
Railway carriage or compartment is loosened the soil out for being spaced grand railway carriage or compartment and ditching, railway carriage or compartment face width 90-110cm, furrow width 30-40cm, ditch depth in step (2) described field
20-30cm；
Step (3) is laid consumption and is calculated with the Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field cultivation bedding and padding 100-300kg/ mu of the mixing gained that adds water；
Preferred steps (3) is laid consumption and is calculated with the Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers field cultivation bedding and padding 150kg/ mu of the mixing gained that adds water.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610346275.XA CN106007852A (en) | 2016-05-23 | 2016-05-23 | Morchella field cultivation bedding as well as preparation method and use method thereof |
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Cited By (1)
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| CN108586126A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2018-09-28 | 四川省林业科学研究院 | Hickory chick cultivating soil modifying agent and its preparation method and application |
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| CN108586126A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2018-09-28 | 四川省林业科学研究院 | Hickory chick cultivating soil modifying agent and its preparation method and application |
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