CN105992881B - 滚动轴承保持架 - Google Patents

滚动轴承保持架 Download PDF

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CN105992881B
CN105992881B CN201480065705.XA CN201480065705A CN105992881B CN 105992881 B CN105992881 B CN 105992881B CN 201480065705 A CN201480065705 A CN 201480065705A CN 105992881 B CN105992881 B CN 105992881B
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rolling bearing
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CN105992881A (zh
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米歇尔·保施
托比亚斯·霍克
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/38—Ball cages
    • F16C33/3837—Massive or moulded cages having cage pockets surrounding the balls, e.g. machined window cages
    • F16C33/3843—Massive or moulded cages having cage pockets surrounding the balls, e.g. machined window cages formed as one-piece cages, i.e. monoblock cages
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    • F16C19/04—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for radial load mainly
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    • F16C35/00—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers
    • F16C35/08—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers for spindles
    • F16C35/12—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers for spindles with ball or roller bearings
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    • F16C19/14—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load
    • F16C19/16—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with a single row of balls
    • F16C19/163—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with a single row of balls with angular contact
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种滚动轴承保持架(1)，其带有设置用于引导滚动体(10)、特别是滚珠的保持架兜孔(5)，这些保持架兜孔通过两个具有共同的对称轴线(R)的侧圈(2、3)以及连接这些侧圈的接片(4)形成，其中，侧圈(2、3)与该接片(4)一体式构造并且包含织物(6)。根据本发明，织物(6)由至少两种不同类型的纤维(7、8)构建，通过这些纤维制造出织物(6)的强各向异性的特性。

Description

滚动轴承保持架
技术领域
本发明涉及一种滚动轴承保持架，特别是球轴承保持架，其包含织物并且特别适合于用在主轴轴承中。
背景技术
包含纤维或者织物的滚动轴承保持架，例如由DE 10 2004 058 518 A1所公知。作为可以包含在滚动轴承保持架中的纤维，比如有棉纤维、玻璃纤维、碳纤维、芳纶纤维和硼纤维。滚动轴承保持架此外还包含用于降低摩擦系数的添加剂，例如固体润滑剂或者低粘度的油。滚动轴承保持架的制造可以如下进行，为此将该织物浸泡在由环氧树脂和固体润滑剂组成的混合物中，并且将该浸泡的织物成形呈管形的预浸料。该预浸料接着在120℃至180℃下的温度范围下被硬化，并且以滚动轴承保持架的形式进行加工。根据DE 10 2004058 518 A1的滚动轴承保持架应该特别适合用于工业主轴支承，并且适合用于医疗技术领域，特别是牙科技术。
另一种包含纤维的滚动轴承保持架例如由DE 10 2009 032 961 A1所公知。该滚动轴承保持架能够通过注塑制造并且可以包括不同的纤维类型，其中，除了玻璃纤维、碳纤维和芳纶纤维还提及了PTFE(聚四氟乙烯)纤维。没有设置将该织物嵌入保持架中。塑料材料(在其中分布有纤维)可以例如涉及聚醚醚酮(PEEK)、聚苯硫醚(PPS)、聚醚砜(PES)或者聚醚酰亚胺(PEI)。
由DE 10 2006 007 925 A1公知了一种构造为向心推力球轴承的用于支承机床主主轴的滚动轴承。该滚动轴承的保持架构造为塑料保持架或者硬质织物保持架。在这两种情况下，该保持架都可以在滚动轴承的外轴承圈上引导。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于，相对于公知的现有技术、特别是在抗磨损强度以及针对极端应用条件的性能方面，改进包含织物的、特别是适合用于例如机床的主轴支承的滚动轴承保持架。
该滚动轴承保持架构造为球轴承保持架或者滚子轴承保持架并在公知的基本结构中具有两个侧圈，这些侧圈在形成保持架兜孔的情况下通过一定数量的接片一体式彼此相连，其中，在由侧圈和接片组成的整个系统中包含有连贯的织物。该滚动轴承保持架可以构造为纯向心轴承(向心球轴承或者向心滚子轴承)的保持架，同样可以构造为角接触球轴承的保持架。在保持架中引导的滚动体可以是滚珠或者圆柱滚子。可以设置有保持架的外挡边引导部、内挡边引导部和滚动体引导部。
根据本发明，该织物由至少两种不同类型的纤维构建，其中，不同的纤维在其材料组成方面及其机械特性方面彼此不同。
第一类型的纤维优先在机械负载能力和坚固性方面进行选择，而另一种包含在织物中的纤维的类型例如在润滑特性方面是优化的。在此，该纤维要么可以本身具有润滑特性，要么本身可以特别良好地结合润滑剂，例如油。
优选地，织物的不同纤维以彼此不同的布置方式包含在织物中。在此，第一类型的纤维主要或者完全沿滚动轴承保持架的周向方向定向，而第二类型的纤维至少主要在滚动轴承的轴向方向上定向。在此，在一个有利的设计方案中，主要在周向方向上定向的纤维与主要在轴向方向上定向的纤维相比具有更高的抗拉强度。在滚动轴承保持架的位于周向方向上的纤维处的比抗断强度(又称作断裂系数)优选高于轴向定向的纤维处的比抗断强度。
滚动轴承保持架不仅可以在周向方向上而且可以在轴向上相应地要么包含一种纤维要么包含多种纤维。例如，下述组合是可能的：
-织物在周向方向包含正好一种纤维并且在轴向方向上包含不同类型的纤维。
-织物在轴向方向上包含正好一种纤维并且在周向方向上包含多种不同的纤维。
-织物在周向方向上包含多种纤维并且在轴向方向上包含多种纤维。
使用人造纤维以及天然纤维作为制造织物的纤维。在此，可以在同一方向上要么只有天然纤维或只有人造纤维延伸，要么不仅有人造纤维而且有天然纤维延伸。这不仅适用于在周向方向上即经向方向上延伸的纤维，而且适用于在滚动轴承保持架的轴向方向也就是纬向方向上延伸的纤维。
根据一个可行的设计方案，在周向方向上延伸的纤维是人造纤维，而在轴向方向上延伸的纤维是天然纤维。作为人造纤维，可以特别是芳纶纤维、玄武岩纤维、硼纤维、玻璃纤维、碳纤维、PET(聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)纤维和/或PTFE(聚四氟乙烯)纤维包含在滚动轴承保持架的织物中。适合于制造织物的天然纤维例如是竹纤维、棉纤维、亚麻纤维、大麻纤维、黄麻纤维、苎麻纤维和剑麻纤维。
人造纤维和天然纤维在织物中的可能的组合例如是芳纶/棉和碳/棉的组合。在此，织物在周向方向上至少有20％由人造纤维、即芳纶纤维或者碳纤维构建，而作为在轴向方向上延伸的纤维仅使用棉纤维，同样只要在周向方向上延伸的纤维不仅仅是芳纶纤维或者碳纤维，那么棉纤维在周向方向上形成100％缺失的纤维份额。
在每个的组成中纤维都可以嵌入热塑性或者热固性的塑料基质中。作为适合的基质材料特别是环氧树脂或者酚醛树脂。在制造滚动轴承保持架的范围内可以将织物首先浸泡到基质材料中并将其卷起，以便获得套筒状的预浸料，该套筒状的预浸料随后受到继续加工，其中，该继续加工包括切削加工步骤。
在一个有利的设计方式中，织物的在滚动轴承保持架的周向方向上延伸的纤维相对于在轴向方向上延伸的纤维不仅具有更高的抗拉强度，而且还具有更高的弹性模量。相对而言，在周向方向上延伸的纤维的热膨胀系数优选要小于在轴向方向上延伸的织物纤维的热膨胀系数。因而既没有高的热学负载也没有高机械负载、即离心力导致滚动轴承保持架的严重扩大。该滚动轴承保持架因而即使在保持架与轴承外圈之间的间隙很小的情况下也可以用于大的温度范围。
此外，滚动轴承保持架的织物的与方向有关的特性实现了相对于现有技术非常精细的保持架结构。这开启了整个滚动轴承的在结构方面的有用的设计自由性，例如在密封元件的布置方式和横截面构造方面。
附图说明
下面借助附带的附图进一步阐明本发明的实施例。其中：
图1以截面图示出了构造为向心推力球轴承的主轴轴承；
图2以示意图示出了包含在根据图1的滚动轴承保持架中的织物。
具体实施方式
滚动轴承保持架1设置用于引导滚动体10，即整体用附图标记9标示出的滚动轴承的滚珠。球轴承9构造为单列的角接触球轴承，并且作为快速运行的主轴轴承应用在机床中。在滚动轴承9的原理性功能方面参考开头所引用的现有技术，特别是DE 10 2006 007925A1。
滚动轴承9的滚珠10在轴承圈11、12上也就是在内圈11和外圈12上滚动。球轴承9的与滚动轴承保持架1的对称轴线相一致的旋转轴线用R来标记。滚动轴承保持架1是外挡边引导的保持架，其中，在滚动轴承保持架1的外周与外圈12的内周之间给出了引导间隙FS。作为替代，滚动轴承保持架1也以未示出的方式通过滚动体10或者通过内圈11引导，即构造为滚动体或者内挡边引导的保持架。
球轴承9的每个滚动体在滚动轴承保持架1的保持架兜孔5中都受到引导。在图1中能够看出，保持架兜孔5的壁柱体状成形。作为替代，保持架兜孔5具有球面状成形的表面。在每种情况下，滚动轴承保持架1都具有两个闭合的侧圈2、3，在形成保持架兜孔5的情况下接片4在两个闭合的侧圈之间伸展，接片与侧圈2、3一体式相连。尽管在图2中仅能够看到滚动轴承保持架1的一个组成部分，但为了清楚起见，仅在图2中为接片4和保持架兜孔5配设了附图标记。
滚动轴承保持架1由织物6来构建，将织物引入由环氧树脂或者酚醛树脂组成的塑料基质中。在图2中象征性示出的织物6由在经向方向上、即滚动轴承保持架1的周向方向上延伸的纤维7和在纬向方向上、即滚动轴承保持架的轴向方向上延伸的纤维8构建。纤维7、8彼此在其组成方面以及其机械特性方面有明显区别，从而使该织物6具有极为各向异性的特性。
在周向方向上延伸的纤维7是高强度的人造纤维，例如碳纤维或者是设计成高抗拉强度的不同纤维的混合物。例如，在周向方向上延伸的纤维7是由两种或者三种不同类型的纤维构成的组合物。在每种情况下，纤维7都被选择成即使在球轴承9的高转速额定值的情况下滚动轴承保持架1的旋转也仅导致滚动轴承保持架1的轻微扩大以及引导间隙FS的与之伴随的减小。为此可行的带有小引导间隙FS的球轴承9的设计方案确保了在每个转速范围中最多可能出现滚动轴承保持架1的会导致离心力和摩擦力的很小的偏心性。
相对于在滚动轴承保持架1的切向方向上起作用的力，滚动轴承保持架1即使在以高转速运行时在轴向方向上也仅承受相对小的力。相应地，织物6的在轴向方向上延伸的纤维8不是优先以抗拉强度的观点来进行选择的。更确切地说，选择单一或者混合的导致滚动轴承保持架1的良好的润滑特性的纤维作为在织物6的纬向方向上延伸的纤维8。在实施例中是棉纤维，其优势在于良好的润滑剂存储能力。
由于将不同的纤维7、8组合到一个且同一织物6中，滚动轴承保持架1相对于传统的主轴轴承保持架在提高了负载性能和使用寿命的同时设计得明显更为精细。
附图标记列表
FS 引导间隙
R 旋转轴线
1 滚动轴承保持架
2 侧圈
3 侧圈
4 接片
5 保持架兜孔
6 织物
7 在周向方向上延伸的纤维
8 在轴向方向上延伸的纤维
9 球轴承
10 滚动体、滚珠
11 内圈
12 外圈

Claims (10)

1.滚动轴承保持架(1)，所述滚动轴承保持架带有设置用于引导滚动体(10)的保持架兜孔(5)，所述保持架兜孔通过两个具有共同的对称轴线(R)的侧圈(2、3)以及连接这些侧圈的接片(4)形成，其中，所述侧圈(2、3)与所述接片(4)一体式构造并且包含织物(6)，其特征在于，所述织物(6)由至少两种不同类型的纤维(7、8)构建，不同类型的纤维(7、8)以彼此不同的布置方式包含在所述织物(6)中，所述织物(6)包含主要沿所述侧圈(2、3)的周向方向定向的第一类型的纤维(7)以及主要沿轴向方向定向的第二类型的纤维(8)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的滚动轴承保持架(1)，其特征在于，主要沿周向方向定向的纤维(7)与主要沿轴向定向的纤维(8)相比具有更高的抗拉强度。
3.根据权利要求2所述的滚动轴承保持架(1)，其特征在于，将人造纤维设置为沿周向方向定向的纤维(7)并且将天然纤维设置为沿轴向方向定向的纤维(8)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的滚动轴承保持架(1)，其特征在于，将选自包含如下纤维的组中的至少一种类型的纤维设置为沿周向方向定向的纤维(7)，即，芳纶纤维、玄武岩纤维、硼纤维、玻璃纤维、碳纤维、PET纤维和PTFE纤维。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的滚动轴承保持架(1)，其特征在于，将选自包含如下纤维的组中的至少一种类型的纤维设置为沿轴向定向的纤维(8)，即，竹纤维、棉纤维、亚麻纤维、大麻纤维、黄麻纤维、苎麻纤维和剑麻纤维。
6.根据权利要求1所述的滚动轴承保持架(1)，其特征在于，沿周向方向定向的纤维(7)与沿轴向方向定向的纤维(8)相比具有更小的热膨胀系数。
7.滚动轴承(9)，所述滚动轴承带有一定数量的滚动体(10)以及根据权利要求1所述的滚动轴承保持架(1)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的滚动轴承(9)，其特征在于，将滚珠设置为滚动体(10)。
9.根据权利要求7所述的滚动轴承(9)，其特征在于，将圆柱滚子设置为滚动体(10)。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的滚动轴承(9)在主轴支承中的应用。
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