CN105985733A - 含有涂料组合物的山梨酸酯 - Google Patents
含有涂料组合物的山梨酸酯 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105985733A CN105985733A CN201610124438.XA CN201610124438A CN105985733A CN 105985733 A CN105985733 A CN 105985733A CN 201610124438 A CN201610124438 A CN 201610124438A CN 105985733 A CN105985733 A CN 105985733A
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Abstract
本发明是一种组合物,其包含溶液或聚合物粒子的分散液、山梨酸酯或山梨酰胺固化剂以及用于所述固化剂的固化调节添加剂。所述固化剂是山梨酸酯或山梨酰胺,并且所述固化调节剂是能够加快或减慢所述固化剂的固化速率的试剂。控制固化动力学对于在速率太缓慢的情况下加快固化速率或在固化太快速导致非所需颜色形成的情况下减小固化速率来说是重要的。
Description
背景技术
本发明涉及包含山梨酸酯或山梨酰胺组合物的涂料组合物,更确切地说,包含山梨酸酯或山梨酰胺以及经设计以控制含有山梨酸酯或山梨酰胺的涂料组合物的固化速率的添加剂的涂料组合物。
近来已发现山梨酸酯和山梨酰胺作为用于已显示在室温或低于室温下增强膜硬度和膜形成的涂料组合物的高沸点、低VOC聚结剂有效。这些聚结剂的倾向为其太快速地固化,从而导致形成非所需发色体,或太缓慢地固化的倾向。因此发现控制山梨酸酯和山梨酰胺的固化动力学的方式将为涂料组合物领域中的进步。
发明内容
本发明通过提供包含以下各者的组合物来解决本领域中的需求:a1)聚合物和用于聚合物的溶剂或a2)聚合物粒子的水性分散液;b)0.5到35重量%的山梨酸酯或山梨酰胺固化剂;以及c)固化调节添加剂,其是用i)S=O基团、ii)羰基、iii)胺基、iv)羟基、v)羧酸基、vi)磺酸或磺酸酯基团、vii)磷酰基、viii)膦酸或膦酸酯基团或ix)酰胺、脲或氨基甲酸酯基团官能化的化合物;其限制条件为当山梨酸酯或山梨酰胺未用从山梨酸酯或山梨酰胺羰基的氧原子去除5到7个键的伯胺或仲胺基团或羟基官能化时,固化调节添加剂用i)胺基、ii)羟基、iii)羧酸基、iv)磺酸基、v)S=O基团或vi)磷酸基官能化。本发明的组合物适用于制造可以在不形成非所需发色体的情况下有效地固化的涂层。
具体实施方式
本发明提供一种组合物,其包含:a1)聚合物和用于聚合物的溶剂或a2)聚合物粒子的水性分散液;b)0.5到35重量%的山梨酸酯或山梨酰胺固化剂;以及c)固化调节添加剂,其是用i)S=O基团、ii)羰基、iii)胺基、iv)羟基、v)羧酸基、vi)磺酸或磺酸酯基团、vii)磷酰基基团、viii)膦酸或膦酸酯基团或ix)酰胺、脲或氨基甲酸酯基团官能化的化合物;其限制条件为当山梨酸酯或山梨酰胺未用从山梨酸酯或山梨酰胺羰基的氧原子去除5到7个键的伯胺或仲胺基团或羟基官能化时,固化调节添加剂用i)胺基、ii)羟基、iii)羧酸基、iv)磺酸基、v)S=O基团或vi)磷酸基官能化。
山梨酸或山梨酰胺固化剂优选是20℃下的液体并且优选通过下式来表征:
其中R是用醚、硫醚、胺、羟基、酯、苯基、烯基或其组合任选地官能化的C1-C20直链或支链烷基;并且C(O)X是酯基或酰胺基。
优选地,R是-(CH2-CH(R1)-O)n-R2、-CH(R1)-CH2-O-R2或直链或分支链-R3-OR2;
其中R1是H、C1-C6烷基、-CH2OH或苯基;
R2是H、C1-C6烷基、苯甲基或CH3CH=CH-CH=CH=C(O)-、烯丙基、-C(O)-CR4=CH2;
R3是二价C4-C10直链或支链烷基或羟烷基;
R4是H或CH3;以及
n是1到7。
固化剂优选为25℃下的液体并且优选具有126g/mol到2000g/mol,更优选到1000g/mol,并且最优选到500g/mol范围内的分子量。有可能的是固化剂包括一个以上山梨酸酯或山梨酰胺基团或其组合。
本发明的组合物的固化剂可以多种方式,如以下流程中阐述的那些方式来制备,其中R如先前所定义并且Y为OH或Cl:
EDC是1-乙基-3-(3-二甲氨基丙基)碳化二亚胺,DMAP是4-二甲氨基吡啶,并且TEA是三乙胺。
固化剂优选为山梨酸酯,其也可以例如借助于醇和山梨酸的转酯化或通过醇与山梨酸的酸卤化物或酸酐的反应制备。
固化调节添加剂可以是加快固化速率的添加剂、减慢固化速率的添加剂或可以提供两种功能的添加剂。已发现山梨酸酯或山梨酰胺在用从山梨酸酯或山梨酰胺羰基的氧原子去除5到7个,优选5到6个键的伯胺或仲胺或伯醇、仲醇或叔醇官能化时固化太缓慢。具有从山梨酸酯或山梨酰胺的氧原子去除5或6个键的醇或胺的山梨酸酯的实例经示出:
未用从山梨酸酯或山梨酰胺羰基的氧原子去除5-7个碳原子的胺或醇基官能化的山梨酸酯的实例在下文中示出。
能够加快具有如上文所描述的醇或胺官能团的山梨酸酯和山梨酰胺的固化速率的添加剂是用以下各者官能化的化合物:a)S=O基团,包括二甲亚砜、二苯亚砜、二-4-甲苯亚砜、甲基苯基亚砜、二苯甲亚砜、二丁亚砜或二-叔丁亚砜;b)羰基,如十二烷酸甲酯、癸酸甲酯、甲基乙基酮或壬醛;c)胺基,如1-癸胺、1-十二烷胺、二异丙基胺、三丁胺或二异丙基乙胺;d)羟基,如2-乙基-1-己醇、1-癸醇、2-甲基丙酸3-羟基-2,2,4-三甲基戊酯(可商购为泰萨醇(Texanol)聚结剂)、2-壬醇、乙二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、丙二醇、二丙二醇甲基醚、酚或苯甲醇;e)羧酸基,如苯基乙酸、苯甲酸、1-癸酸或1-辛酸;f)磺酸或磺酸酯基团,如甲基磺酸、苯磺酸、4-甲苯磺酸、1-辛基磺酸、1-十二烷基磺酸、甲烷磺酸甲酯或甲苯磺酸甲酯;g)磷酰基,如三苯基氧化膦、三丁基氧化膦、三乙基氧化膦或三苯甲基氧化膦;h)膦酸或膦酸酯基团,如乙基膦酸、单乙基膦酸乙酯、丁基膦酸、苯甲基膦酸或苯膦酸;或i)酰胺、脲或氨基甲酸酯基团,如N-乙基丙酰胺、正丁基戊酰胺、N,N′-二乙基脲、N,N′-二丁基脲、二乙基氨基甲酸酯以及二乙基氨基甲酸酯。
能够减缓不具有上述醇或胺官能团的山梨酸酯和山梨酰胺的固化速率的添加剂是用以下各者官能化的化合物:S=O基团、胺基、羟基、羧酸基、磺酸基或磷酸基。
尽管不受理论束缚,但相信固化剂由于固化剂中存在或不存在分子内氢键而在无固化调节添加剂的情况下太快速或太缓慢地固化。更确切地说,相信从山梨酸酯或山梨酰胺基团的氧原子去除5-7个键的羟基或胺基干扰固化机制;另外相信添加所谓的氢键结受体(例如亚砜)破坏分子内氢键,从而促进固化。不含有能够实现分子内氢键结的胺或羟基的山梨酸酯或山梨酰胺太快速地固化,并且可以通过与山梨酸酯或山梨酰胺的羰基相互作用来使这些化合物的固化速率减慢。一些类别的固化调节添加剂可以充当固化速率加速剂或固化速率减慢剂(例如醇、亚砜或伯胺或仲胺)。
山梨酸酯或山梨酰胺有利地与固化调节剂以适当地控制山梨酸酯或山梨酰胺的固化速率的比例组合。当固化调节含有如上文所描述的胺或羟基官能团时,固化调节剂的亚砜、胺或羟基的摩尔当量优选为就固化剂中的羟基或胺基来说的0.25、更优选0.5、最优选0.75;到4、更优选到2、最优选到1.25。类似地,当固化调节剂不含胺或羟基官能团时,亚砜或羟基的摩尔当量优选为就固化剂中的羰基来说的0.25、更优选0.5、最优选0.75;到4、更优选到2、最优选到1.25。以说明方式,以下化合物每分子具有两当量的OH基团并且将因此需要两倍多的摩尔的含有单一氢受体基团的化合物,如二甲亚砜以达到相同摩尔当量:
组合物包含a1)聚合物和用于聚合物的溶剂,其是适合的有机溶剂,如甲苯、二甲苯或均三甲苯,或a2)聚合物粒子的水性分散液。优选地,组合物包含聚合物粒子的水性分散液(乳胶)。固化剂(优选为山梨酸酯)优选地被吸入聚合物粒子中。如本文所使用,词语“吸入”意味着将组合物中的至少60%聚结剂并入聚合物粒子中,即,小于40%聚结剂存在于乳胶的水相中。优选地,至少90%、更优选至少95%并且最优选至少98%的聚结剂被吸入聚合物粒子中。吸入程度可以通过质子NMR光谱法如下测定:在第一实验中,含有固化剂的乳胶按原样放置于NMR光谱管中并且在乳液乳胶的水相中监测与聚结剂相关的共振。在这种条件下,来自水相的信号是唯一检测到的一个,因为乳胶粒子中的分子被部分地固定,导致在水相材料的光谱宽度内未检测到极其广泛的信号。光谱展现在水相中仅存在痕量固化剂(<1重量%)。相比之下,山梨酸可以在水相中定量或几乎定量地检测,其表明山梨酸未被分配到乳胶粒子中。
在展现聚结剂吸入的第二个独立NMR光谱测试中,通过将乳胶中的聚结剂的浓度从以乳胶重量计0重量%改变到16重量%来监测乳胶粒子中的分子的宽线质子共振。随着聚结剂的量增加,线宽线性地变窄,与聚合物的Tg的减少或由固化剂浓度增加所致的粒子中聚合物的聚合物动力学的增加相对应。与粒子中聚合物相关的共振的线宽变窄还直接与由这些乳液产生的膜的最低膜形成相关。
固化剂(优选为山梨酸酯)优选地以按聚合物粒子和山梨酸酯或山梨酰胺的重量计1到20重量%,更优选到12重量%范围内的浓度使用。聚合物粒子的适合的水性分散液(也被称作乳胶)的实例包括丙烯酸、苯乙烯-丙烯酸、乙烯基酯-丙烯酸、聚氨基甲酸酯、醇酸树脂以及乙烯基酯聚乙烯乳胶。乳胶的固体含量优选在30%到60%范围内,并且如使用福克斯方程式(Fox equation)计算的聚合物粒子的Tg优选在0℃,更优选20℃到100℃,更优选到60℃范围内。
组合物可以是着色或非着色的。优选的着色涂料含有TiO2。聚合物粒子还可以包括其它单体、尤其后交联单体(即,在涂覆到衬底时开始组合物的膜形成之后引起显著交联的单体)的结构单元。适合的后交联单体的实例包括甲基丙烯酸乙酰乙酰氧基乙酯(AAEM)和二丙酮丙烯酰胺(DAM)。
另外,所述组合物有利地进一步包括以下材料中的一种或多种:流变改性剂;不透明聚合物;填充剂;着色剂;颜料,包括囊封或部分囊封的颜料;分散剂;润湿助剂;分散助剂;抗氧化剂;分散剂佐剂;螯合剂;表面活性剂;共溶剂;额外的聚结剂和塑化剂;消泡剂;防腐剂;抗擦伤添加剂;助流剂;调平剂;滑爽添加剂;以及中和剂。
具有适合的硬度的涂层可以由呈现的组合物有效地制备并且具有相比于不含适合的固化调节剂的山梨酸酯组合物减少的黄化。
实例
实例1-4-固化山梨酸酯和固化调节剂的涂覆涂层的一般程序
将山梨酸酯(1g)放置于瓶中,继而添加固化调节剂(1g)。组分使用涡流混合器混合以获得均质溶液。在便携式金刚石栓塞上刮涂山梨酸酯薄膜(20密耳,0.5mL)并且使其在周围条件下干燥。山梨酸酯转化为聚合物的量,固化化学反应的测量后面为通过监测山梨酸酯分子中的官能团的改变以各种时间间隔进行的FTIR光谱法。山梨酸酯/固化调节剂混合物的黄化(表2)通过用卡里(Cary)-50UV-Vis分光光度计测量420nm处的吸光度监测。
比较实例1-2-固化山梨酸酯和固化调节剂的涂覆涂层(在无固化调节剂的情况下的固化)的一般程序
在便携式金刚石栓塞上刮涂山梨酸酯薄膜(20密耳,0.5mL)并且使其在周围条件下干燥并且如实例1中所描述测量固化。
表1说明固化调节剂对山梨酸羟丙酯的固化速率的影响。泰萨醇聚结剂是2-甲基丙酸3-羟基-2,2,4-三甲基戊酯
表1-固化调节剂对山梨酸羟丙酯的固化速率的影响
数据说明包括速率加快固化调节剂显著增加固化速率,其中二甲亚砜尤其有效。
表2说明固化调节剂对山梨酸乙酯(ES)的固化速率的减速的影响。转化率%是指山梨酸乙酯在10小时处的转化率并且黄化%正规化为100处的比较实例2。
表2-固化调节剂对山梨酸乙酯的固化速率的影响
数据显示固化调节剂减缓转化速率并且同时减少固化的山梨酸乙酯的黄化。使用山梨酸羟丙酯或山梨酸乙酯和适合的调节剂制备完全配制的油漆。
表3显示用于制得实例6-11和比较实例3-8的主油漆配制品。
表3-主光漆配制品
TRITON、TAMOL、RHOPLEX以及ACRYSOL都是陶氏化学公司(The DowChemical Company)或其附属机构的所有商标。
在以下实例中,添加聚结剂(0.311g)并且将其与主光漆配制品(20g)的一部分充分混合,继而不添加并且混合调节剂(比较实例3、8以及9);添加并且混合适用于固化加速的调节剂(0.311g,比较实例4-7;实例6-9);或添加并且混合适用于固化减慢的调节剂(0.311g,实例11-15)以实现均质配制品。在测试衬底上刮涂配制品的薄膜(约0.25mm)并且使其在周围条件下干燥。山梨酸酯转化为聚合物的量,固化化学反应的测量后面为以各种时间间隔测试性能特性。科尼西硬度(Hardness)和b*值颜色测量用于评估性能特性
在以下表4和5中,HPS是山梨酸羟丙酯;ES是山梨酸乙酯;EH是2-乙基-1-己醇;DMSO是二甲亚砜;DBC是DOWANOLTM丁基卡必醇(Butyl Carbitol);并且DPM是DOWANOLTM DPM溶剂(陶氏化学公司或其附属机构的商标)。DBC是二乙二醇丁基醚,如所示:
DPM是二丙二醇甲基醚、异构体的混合物,包括CH3OCH2CH(CH3)OCH2CH(CH3)OH。
使用TQC摆撞硬度测试仪(Pendulum Hardness Tester)型号SP0500进行科尼西硬度测量。在Al衬底上以10密耳(约25mm)刮刀间隙制得使用科尼西测量值的涂层。
用于颜色测量的涂层使用白色伦塔(Lenta)卡片作为衬底。使用毕克-加德纳(Gardner)光谱导向45/0分光光度计来进行颜色测量。此操作的大多数感兴趣的颜色参数是来自CIE L*a*b*颜色光谱的b*值。b*值表示蓝色与黄色之间的平衡,较大正数指示较多黄化。概测法表明Δb*>0.5的颜色差值是肉眼可见的。
表4说明固化加速调节剂对山梨酸羟丙酯的固化速率的影响,如8天科尼西硬度测试所测量。
表4-加速固化调节剂对油漆配制品中的山梨酸羟丙酯的固化速率的影响
表5说明固化减慢剂对山梨酸乙酯的固化速率的影响,如b*值所测量。
表5-减速固化调节剂对油漆配制品的黄化的影响
实例 | 聚结剂 | 调节剂 | 调节剂∶聚结剂(w/w) | b*值 |
比较实例9 | ES | 无 | 0∶100 | 0.59 |
10 | ES | EH | 50∶50 | -1.34 |
11 | ES | DMSO | 50∶50 | -1.36 |
12 | ES | DPM | 50∶50 | -1.41 |
13 | ES | DBC | 50∶50 | -1.47 |
14 | ES | 2-壬醇 | 50∶50 | -1.09 |
15 | ES | 泰萨醇聚结剂 | 50∶50 | -0.97 |
8天科尼西硬度测试结果显示,使用山梨酸羟丙酯聚结剂的油漆在如2-乙基-1-己醇、二甲亚砜或正丁基卡必醇的加速调节剂存在下相比于使用相同调节剂(或不存在任何调节剂)的泰萨醇或不具有调节剂或具有不能实现与山梨酸酯聚结剂的羟基氢键结的调节剂(DBCA)的山梨酸羟丙酯更高效地固化。
此外,含有山梨酸乙酯的油漆配制品中的减速调节剂的存在提供相对于不含有此类调节剂的油漆调配物的b*值的显著减小。应注意,对于实例15,泰萨醇聚结剂显示作为调节剂而不是作为聚结剂的功效。DBCA作为减速调节剂是无效的,这可能是因为其不能实现与山梨酸乙酯的羰基氧的氢键结。
Claims (9)
1.一种组合物,其包含:a1)聚合物和用于所述聚合物的溶剂或a2)聚合物粒子的水性分散液;b)0.5到35重量%的山梨酸酯或山梨酰胺固化剂;以及c)固化调节添加剂,其是用i)S=O基团、ii)羰基、iii)胺基、iv)羟基、v)羧酸基、vi)磺酸或磺酸酯基团、vii)磷酰基基团、viii)膦酸或膦酸酯基团或ix)酰胺、脲或氨基甲酸酯基团官能化的化合物;其限制条件为当所述山梨酸酯或所述山梨酰胺未用从所述山梨酸酯或山梨酰胺羰基的氧原子去除5到7个键的伯胺或仲胺基团或羟基官能化时,所述固化调节添加剂用i)胺基、ii)羟基、iii)羧酸基、iv)磺酸基或v)磷酸基官能化。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其包含聚合物粒子的水性分散液,所述分散液的固体含量在30到60重量%范围内;其中所述固化剂是25℃下的液体并且被吸入所述聚合物粒子中。
3.根据权利要求2所述的组合物,其中所述固化剂是用从所述山梨酸酯或山梨酰胺羰基的所述氧原子去除5到7个键的伯胺或仲胺基团或羟基官能化的山梨酸酯或山梨酰胺。
4.根据权利要求3所述的组合物,其中所述固化调节添加剂是用S=O基团、羟基或胺基官能化的化合物;并且其中相对于所述固化剂,所述固化调节添加剂的S=O、羟基或胺基的摩尔当量是0.25到4。
5.根据权利要求4所述的组合物,其中所述固化剂选自由以下组成的群组:
以及
其中所述固化调节添加剂是二甲亚砜、2-乙基-1-己醇、二乙二醇丁基醚或二丙二醇甲基醚或2-壬醇;并且其中相对于所述固化剂,所述固化调节添加剂的摩尔当量是0.5到2。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的组合物,其中所述固化剂是未用从所述山梨酸酯或山梨酰胺羰基的所述氧原子去除5到7个键的伯胺或仲胺基团或羟基官能化的山梨酸酯或山梨酰胺,其中所述固化调节添加剂是伯醇或仲醇或亚砜;其中相对于所述固化剂,所述固化调节添加剂的亚砜或羟基的摩尔当量是0.25到4。
7.根据权利要求6所述的组合物,其中所述固化剂选自由以下组成的群组:
以及
其中所述固化调节添加剂是二甲亚砜、2-乙基-1-己醇、二乙二醇丁基醚、二丙二醇甲基醚、2-甲基丙酸3-羟基-2,2,4-三甲基戊酯或2-壬醇;并且其中相对于所述固化剂,所述固化调节添加剂的摩尔当量是0.5到2。
8.根据权利要求2到7中任一权利要求所述的组合物,其中所述固化剂是山梨酸酯,并且其中所述组合物进一步包含至少一种选自由颜料、消泡剂、表面活性剂、分散剂、流变改性剂以及中和剂组成的群组的组分。
9.根据权利要求2到7中任一权利要求所述的组合物,其中所述固化剂是山梨酸酯,并且其中所述组合物进一步包含颜料、消泡剂、表面活性剂、分散剂、流变改性剂以及中和剂。
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