CN105980394A - 具有抗癌活性的茂金属衍生物 - Google Patents
具有抗癌活性的茂金属衍生物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105980394A CN105980394A CN201480068395.7A CN201480068395A CN105980394A CN 105980394 A CN105980394 A CN 105980394A CN 201480068395 A CN201480068395 A CN 201480068395A CN 105980394 A CN105980394 A CN 105980394A
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 24
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- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 42
- -1 -R8For H Chemical group 0.000 claims description 21
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Abstract
本发明涉及下式(I)的化合物或者其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物、立体异构体或任意比例的立体异构体混合物、或者水溶性衍生物,及其制备的方法和其用途,特别用于治疗癌症的用途。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于治疗癌症的茂金属衍生物,以及制备它们的方法和它们作为药物的用途,特别是在治疗癌症中的用途。
背景技术
由于平均寿命延长,癌症作为法国死亡率的首要原因,正影响着越来越多的人。
但是,由于癌症对于促凋亡刺激物具有内在抗性,而目前可用的癌症治疗85%以上都是促凋亡化合物例如DNA烷化剂,因此大约1/3的癌症仍然是无法治愈的(诊断当年内有大于90%的死亡率)。这样的无法治愈的癌症包括例如神经胶质瘤、黑色素瘤、非小细胞肺癌、卵巢癌、食管癌、胰腺癌、头颈癌、前列腺癌和非激素依赖性乳腺癌,并且他们涉及大约1350万患者。
因此,需要通过非凋亡途径诱导细胞死亡的新疗法,以对抗这些目前无法治愈的癌症。
在Rosenberg发现顺铂的抗癌效果(Rosenberg,B.et al.Nature 1969,222,385-386;Rosenberg,B.et al.Nature 1965,205,698-699;Wong,E.et al.Chem.Rev.1999,99,2451-2466)之后,金属配位衍生物在药物中的用途就发展起来了。目前,这些类型的代表性配位复合物中有四类可商购获得。这些如下:
水解时他们最初通过直接与DNA结合以妨碍细胞复制而起作用(Lippert,B.Cisplatin:Chemistry and Biochemistry of a Leading Anticancer Drug.JohnWiley and Sons:New York,1999)。然而,尽管这些复合物具有医疗价值,但他们受制于许多缺陷,诸如严重的全身毒性、抗性快速起效、选择性低、肾损伤和治疗效果范围相对狭窄。而且,他们对于抗凋亡的癌症是无效的。
然而,金属有机化学的多面性开启了一种新的交互方式,利用它有可能在金属药物领域中引进新的聚合物(Vessieres,A.et al.Dalton Trans.2006,4,529-541;Jaouen,G.et al.Organometallics targeted to specific biological sites:The developmentof new therapies.In Bioorganometallics,Jaouen,G.,Ed.Wiley-VCH:Weinheim,2005;pp 65-95)。
因此,疟疾新型菌株不幸对于药物氯喹具有耐药性,而氯喹的结构类似物二茂铁化合物显示抗疟活性并且能够克服这种耐药性,因而产生了二茂铁喹(ferroquine),即这些二茂铁化合物中的一种,其在赛诺菲-安万特集团(Sanofi-Aventis)处于临床IIb期。同样地,两种钌芳烃复合物(A)和(B)已作为抗转移药进入临床试验(Wand,F.etal.Inorg.Chem.2002,41,4509-4523;Allardyce,C.S.et al.Chem.Commun.2001,1396-1397)。
同样地,下述分子1、2、3和4已经体外(Top,S.et al.Chem.Eur.J.2003,9,5223-5236;Vessieres,A.et al.J.Med.Chem.2005,48,3937-3940;Top,S.etal.J.Organomet.Chem.2001,637,500-506;Hillard et al.J.Organomet.Chem.2007,692,1315-1326;Hillard et al.Angewandte Chemie,International Edition 2006,45(2),285-290;Hillard et al.Dalton Transactions 2007,43,5073-5081)和体内(Laine,A.-L.et al.Biomaterials2013,34,28,6949-6956;Huynh,N.T.et al.Pharm.Res.2011,28,3189-3198)测试。
因此,分子1在其效果方面与他莫昔芬(tamoxifen)部分类似,因为它对于激素依赖性乳腺肿瘤具有相同类型的抗雌激素活性(ER+类型),但它在其对于非激素依赖性肿瘤的抗增殖行为(ER-)方面与后者不同。
分子2和3对于乳腺癌细胞系(MCF-7、MDA-MB-231)和前列腺癌细胞系(PC-3、DU-145)呈现抗增殖活性。
分子4对于相同的乳腺癌细胞系(MCF-7、MDA-MB-231)也呈现抗增殖活性,但是其活性低于分子2的活性(未取代的类似物)。
遗憾的是,上述的开放性分子1、2、3和4还不是进行合适的研发的最佳选择。
WO2010/000793中已经研发并描述了其他的二茂铁衍生物。这些衍生物具有下式:
发明内容
目前,本发明的发明人意外地发现了茂金属衍生物,并且特别是二茂铁衍生物的一个新家族,其比分子1、2、3、或4具有更强的抗癌活性,特别是对于无法治愈的癌症的抗癌活性。
本发明因此提供一种下式(I)的化合物:
或其药学上可接受的盐或者溶剂化物、立体异构体或任意比例的立体异构体混合物、特别是对映异构体混合物、并且更特别是外消旋混合物、或者水溶性衍生物,
其中:
-M为Fe(铁)、Ru(钌)或者Os(锇),优选Fe,
-n为包括在1和8之间的整数,
-Rl和R2相互独立地为H、CF3、CN、OR4或NR5R6,和
-R3为CO2R7、OR8或NR9R10,
其中:
-R4为H、(C1-C6)烷基、-CO-(C1-C6)烷基或-(CH2)mNR11R12,
-R5、R6、R11和R12相互独立地为H、(C1-C6)烷基或-CO-(C1-C6)烷基,
-R7为H或(C1-C6)烷基,
-R8为H、(C1-C6)烷基或-CO-(C1-C6)烷基,
-R9和R10相互独立地为H、(C1-C6)烷基或-CO-(C1-C6)烷基,或者
R9和R10与带有他们的氮原子一起形成下式的环:
其中:
○代表单键或双键,
○X1和X2相互独立地为C=O、SO2、CH-OR19、CH-SR20、CH-NR21R22或CH-NHC(O)R23,
○R13和R14相互独立地为H或(C1-C6)烷基,或者
R13和R14与带有他们的碳原子一起形成5-或6-元烃环,
○R19、R20、R21和R22相互独立地为H或(C1-C6)烷基,和
○R23为(C1-C6)烷基基团,和
-m为包括在1和8之间的整数。
具体实施方式
在本发明中,“药学上可接受的”应该被理解为指代在制备药物组合物中有用的,通常是安全的、无毒的,并且既非生物学上不理想也非其他方面不理想的,并且为兽用和人类药用二者均接受。
术语“药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物”旨在在本发明的框架内表示如上所定义的药学上可接受的化合物,以及拥有相应化合物的药理学活性的化合物的盐或溶剂化物。
所述药学上可接受的盐包括:
(1)由诸如盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、硝酸和磷酸以及类似物的无机酸形成的酸加成盐;或者由诸如乙酸、苯磺酸、富马酸、葡庚糖酸、葡萄糖酸、谷氨酸、乙醇酸、羟基萘甲酸、2-羟乙基磺酸、乳酸、马来酸、苹果酸、扁桃酸、甲磺酸、粘康酸、2-萘磺酸、丙酸、琥珀酸、二苯甲酰基-L-酒石酸、酒石酸、对甲苯磺酸、三甲基乙酸、和三氟乙酸以及类似物的有机酸形成的酸加成盐,和
(2)当化合物中存在的酸质子被金属离子(诸如碱金属离子、碱土金属离子或者铝离子)取代;或者与有机或无机碱配位时形成的盐。可接受的有机碱包括二乙醇胺、乙醇胺、N-甲葡糖胺、三乙醇胺、氨基丁三醇和类似物。可接受的无机碱包括氢氧化铝、氢氧化钙、氢氧化钾、碳酸钠和氢氧化钠。
用于本发明化合物的治疗用途的可接受溶剂化物包括常规溶剂化物诸如在制备本发明化合物的最后步骤期间由于存在溶剂而形成的那些。作为例子,可以提到由于存在水而形成的溶剂化物(这些溶剂化物也被称为水合物)或者乙醇。
术语“立体异构体”在本发明的含义内,应该被理解为指示非立体异构体或对映异构体。互不为镜像的立体异构体因而被称为“非立体异构体”,并且互为镜像但不能叠加的立体异构体被称为“对映异构体”。
与四个不同取代基相连的碳原子被称为“手性中心”。具有这样的手性中心的分子被认为是手性的并且具有两种对映异构体形式。具有若干手性中心的分子因而具有若干非立体异构体和对映异构体形式。
两种对映异构体的等摩尔混合物被称为外消旋混合物。
术语“水溶性衍生物”应该被理解为在本发明的含义内指代水溶性增加并且因而生物利用度增加的根据本发明的式(I)化合物。这样的化合物将特别是式(I)化合物,其中R1、R2和R3中的至少一个表示酯化或偶联至水溶性种类诸如糖类或者水溶性聚合物的羟基基团。因此,在这一情况下,R1、R2和R3中的至少一个表示(-CO-(C1-C6)烷基)酯,糖部分或者水溶性聚合物部分与通过氧原子与该分子的其余部分结合(例如,如下所述的-OCOCH2A1CH2COA2(CH2CH2O)pCH2CH2A3)。
术语“糖类”应该被理解为在本发明的含义内特别包括赤藓糖、苏糖、核糖、树胶醛糖、木糖、来苏糖、阿洛糖、阿卓糖、葡萄糖、甘露糖、古洛糖、艾杜糖、半乳糖、塔罗糖、赤藓酮糖、核酮糖、木酮糖、阿洛酮糖、果糖、山梨糖或者还包括塔格糖,以D形式或者L形式存在。有利地,其为葡萄糖或者鼠李糖。
本发明所用术语“糖部分”指代通过其存在于端基位上的氧原子与所述分子的其余部分结合的如上所定义的糖类。
术语“水溶性聚合物”在本发明的含义内应该被理解为特别包括树状聚合物或者聚乙二醇(PEG)衍生物。树状聚合物能够特别为聚酰胺胺(PAMAM)型树状聚合物。
水溶性聚合物部分能够特别为衍生自PEG的式-COCH2A1CH2COA2(CH2CH2O)pCH2CH2A3的链,其中
-A1表示直接的键,O、CH2或CH2-CH2,
-A2表示O或NH,
-A3表示OR15或NR16R17,
-R15、R16和R17各自独立地为H或(C1-C6)烷基,和
-p为包括在1和20之间的整数。
术语“(C1-C6)烷基”在本发明的含义内应该被理解为指代具有从1至6个碳原子和有利地从1至4个碳原子的饱和、线性或分支烃基,特别为甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基,异丁基、仲丁基和叔丁基基团。
术语“5-或6-元烃环”在本发明的含义内应该被理解为指代5-或6-元饱和、非饱和环,或者芳香烃环。其能够特别为苯环。
本发明中所用术语“芳基”指代包括优选6至10个碳原子并且包括一个或一个以上稠环的芳烃基团,诸如,例如苯基或者萘基。有利地,其将为苯基。
本发明中所用术语“芳基-(C1-C6)烷基”指代如上所定义的芳基通过如上所定义的(C1-C6)烷基与分子结合。特别地,其为苄基。
本发明中所用术语“(C1-C6)烷基-芳基”指代如上所定义的(C1-C6)烷基通过如上所定义的芳基与分子结合。特别地,其为甲苯基(CH3Ph)。
术语“卤素”在本发明的含义内应该被理解为是氟原子、溴原子、氯原子或碘原子。
根据一个优选的实施方案,M表示铁原子Fe。
根据一个特定的实施方案,n包括在2和6之间,特别在2和5之间。
根据一个特定的实施方案,Rl和R2各自独立地为:H、OR4或NR5R6。
有利地,Rl和R2中至少一个不为氢,甚至更有利地R1不为氢,并且特别是Rl和R2都不为氢。
特别地,Rl和R2中至少一个为OR4或NR5R6,并且另一个特别为H、OR4或NR5R6,优选为OR4或NR5R6。
在一个优选的实施方案中,Rl和R2中至少一个为OR4,并且另一个特别为H或OR4,优选为OR4,其中R4如上所定义并且特别R4=H。
在一个进一步的实施方案中,Rl和/或R2定位在苯环上的对位,特比指出,R1定位在苯环上的对位。有利地,Rl和R2定位在苯环上的对位,然则本发明的化合物具有下式(Ia)或优选式(Ia-Fe):
优选
其中,n、R1、R2和R3如上所定义,并且特别其中Rl和R2中至少一个,和优选Rl和R2为OR4或NR5R6,有利地为OR4,并且优选地为OH。
根据一个特定实施方案,Rl和R2是相同的。
R3为CO2R7、OR8或NR9R10。
R7特别可为(C1-C6)烷基。
R8特别可为H。
R9和R10中至少一个特别可各自独立地为-CO-(C1-C6)烷基,或者R9和R10可与带有他们的氮原子一起形成下式的环:
其中:X1、X2、R13和R14如上所定义,并且优选X1和X2中至少一个为C=O。特别X1和X2各自独立地为C=O或CH-OR19,并且优选X1和X2中至少一个为C=O,另一个为C=O或CH-OR19。
根据一个特定的实施方案,R3为CO2-(C1-C6)烷基、OH或者NR9R10,其中R9和R10中至少一个各自独立地为-CO-(C1-C6)烷基,或者R9和R10与带有他们的氮原子一起形成下式的环:
其中:X1、X2、R13和R14如上所定义,并且优选X1和X2中至少一个为C=O。特别X1和X2各自独立地为C=O或CH-OR19,并且优选X1和X2中至少一个为C=O,另一个为C=O或CH-OR19。
特别可为
根据本发明的化合物能够特别选自下述实验部分所描述的化合物P64、P49、P189、P188、P504、P680、P632、P110、P53、P536、P537、P681、P651、P54、P697、P686、P720、P722、P723、P710、P721、P727、W2和W3,以及其药学上可接受的盐和溶剂化物。
本发明还涉及用作药物的如上所定义的式(I)化合物,其特别用于治疗癌症。
本发明进一步涉及如上所定义的式(I)化合物用于制造特别旨在用于治疗癌症的药物的用途。
本发明进一步涉及一种用于治疗癌症的方法,其包括为需要其的患者施用有效量的如上所定义的式(I)化合物。
所述癌症能够选自神经胶质瘤、黑色素瘤(特别是葡萄膜黑色素瘤)、视网膜母细胞瘤、乳腺癌(特别是非-激素依赖性乳腺癌)、前列腺癌、肺癌(特别是非小细胞肺癌)、卵巢癌、食道癌、肝癌、胰腺癌、头颈癌、结肠癌和肾癌。
本发明也涉及一种药物组合物,其包括至少一种如上所定义的式(I)化合物,与至少一种药学可接受的赋形剂组合。
这一药物组合物能够包括至少一种额外的活性组分,其特别可为有利地选自以下物质的抗癌化合物:6-巯基嘌呤(6-mercaptopurin)、氟达拉滨(fludarabin)、克拉屈滨(cladribin)、喷司他丁(pentostatin)、阿糖胞苷(cytarabin)、5-氟尿嘧啶(5-fluorouracil)、吉西他滨(gemcitabin)、甲氨蝶呤(methotrexate)、雷替曲塞(raltitrexed)、伊立替康(irinotecan)、托泊替康(topotecan)、依托泊苷(etoposide)、柔红霉素(daunorubicin)、多柔比星(doxorubicin)、表柔比星(epirubicin)、伊达比星(idarubicin)、吡柔比星(pirarubicin)、米托蒽醌(mitoxantrone)、氮芥(chlormethin)、环磷酰胺(cyclophosphamide)、异环磷酰胺(ifosfamide)、美法仑(melphalan)、苯丁酸氮芥(chlorambucil)、白消安(busulfan)、卡莫司汀(carmustin)、福莫司汀(fotemustin)、链脲菌素(streptozocin)、卡铂(carboplatin)、顺铂(cisplatin)、奥沙利铂(oxaliplatin)、甲基苄肼(procarbazin)、达卡巴嗪(dacarbazin)、博来霉素(bleomycin)、长春碱(vinblastin)、长春新碱(vincristin)、长春地辛(vindesin)、长春瑞滨(vinorelbin)、紫杉醇(paclitaxel)、多西他赛(docetaxel)、L-天冬酰胺酶(L-asparaginase)、氟他胺(flutamide)、尼鲁米特(nilutamide)、比卡鲁胺(bicalutamide)、乙酸环丙孕酮(cyproterone acetate)、曲普瑞林(triptorelin)、亮丙瑞林(leuprorelin)、戈舍瑞林(goserelin)、布舍瑞林(buserelin)、福美坦(formestane)、氨鲁米特(aminoglutethimide)、阿那曲唑(anastrazole)、来曲唑(letrozole)、他莫昔芬(tamoxifen)、奥曲肽(octreotide)和兰乐肽(lanreotide)。
根据本发明的化合物可以经口、舌下、肠胃外、皮下、肌肉内、静脉内、经皮、局部或直肠给药。
在将经口、舌下、肠胃外、皮下、肌肉内、静脉内、经皮、局部或直肠给药的本发明的药物组合物中,所述活性组分能够作为与常规药学赋形剂的混合物,以单位剂型给药于动物或人。适当的单位剂型包括口服剂型诸如片剂、胶囊剂、粉末剂、颗粒剂,以及口服溶液或悬浮液,舌下和经颊剂型,肠胃外、皮下、肌肉内、静脉内、鼻内或眼内剂型,以及直肠剂型。
为了制备片剂形式的固态组合物,将主要活性组分与药学赋形剂诸如凝胶、淀粉、乳糖、硬脂酸镁、滑石、阿拉伯树胶或类似物混合。能够用蔗糖或者其他适当的材料包被所述片剂,或者也能够处理所述片剂使其具有持续活性或者延缓活性,并且便于连续递送预定量的活性组分。
通过将活性组分与稀释剂混合并且通过将所获得混合物装入柔软或者坚硬的胶囊而得以制备胶囊剂型。
糖浆或酏剂剂型的制备能够包含所述活性组分和甜味剂、防腐剂,以及矫味剂和合适的着色剂。
水分散性粉末剂或者颗粒剂能够包含所述活性组分,与分散剂或湿润剂或助悬剂,以及与味道调节剂或甜味剂形成混合物。
对于直肠给药,可以采用栓剂,其由在直肠温度下融化的粘合剂(例如可可脂或聚乙二醇类)制备。
对于肠胃外、鼻内或眼内给药,使用包含药学上相容的分散剂和/或湿润剂的用于注射的水性悬液、等渗盐溶液或无菌溶液。
所述活性组分能够任选地与一种或多种添加剂载剂进一步调配为微囊或者纳米微囊的形式。
本发明的化合物能够以介于0.01mg和1000mg之间的范围内的日剂量使用,以每天一次单一剂量摄入或者分为若干单独的剂量在一天中间隔给药,例如,以相同剂量一天两次。所述日剂量有利地在介于5mg和500mg之间的范围内,甚至更有利地介于10mg和200mg之间。可能有必要以本领域技术人员已知的方式使用这些范围之外的剂量。
本发明还涉及一种药物组合物,其包括:
(i)至少一种如上所定义的式(I)化合物;和
(ii)至少一种额外的活性组分,
作为组合产物以同时、分别或者依次给药。
实际上,双重或者三重疗法通常用于治疗癌症。所使用的活性组分有利地为抗癌化合物。
能够与本发明的式(I)化合物组合的活性要素的实例包括但不限于6-巯基嘌呤、氟达拉滨、克拉屈滨、喷司他丁、阿糖胞苷、5-氟尿嘧啶、吉西他滨、甲氨蝶呤、雷替曲塞、伊立替康、托泊替康、依托泊苷、柔红霉素、多柔比星、表柔比星、伊达比星、吡柔比星、米托蒽醌、氮芥、环磷酰胺、异环磷酰胺、美法仑、苯丁酸氮芥、白消安、卡莫司汀、福莫司汀、链脲菌素、卡铂、顺铂、奥沙利铂、甲基苄肼、达卡巴嗪、博来霉素、长春碱、长春新碱、长春地辛、长春瑞滨、紫杉醇、多西他赛、L-天冬酰胺酶、氟他胺、尼鲁米特、比卡鲁胺、乙酸环丙孕酮、曲普瑞林、亮丙瑞林、戈舍瑞林、布舍瑞林、福美坦、氨鲁米特、阿那曲唑、来曲唑、他莫昔芬、奥曲肽和兰乐肽。
本发明也涉及用于治疗癌症的如上所定义的药物组合物。
本发明进一步涉及用于治疗癌症的方法,其包括给需要其的患者投予有效量的如上所定义的药物组合物。
本发明也涉及用作药物的如上所定义的式(I)化合物,其特别用于治疗癌症,单独或者同时、分别或依次与电离或非电离辐射或者与至少一种额外的活性组分组合给药。
本发明也涉及如上所定义的式(I)化合物的用途,其用于制备药物,所述药物单独或者同时、分别或依次与电离或非电离辐射或者与至少一种额外的活性组分组合给药,特别用于治疗癌症。
本发明进一步涉及一种用于治疗癌症的方法,其包括单独或者与电离或非电离辐射或者与至少一种额外的活性组分同时、分别或依次对需要其的患者投予有效量的如上所定义的式(I)化合物。
所用辐射特别可为X射线或γ射线,这些射线在放射疗法中普遍用于治疗癌症。
所述至少一种额外的活性组分特别可为抗癌化合物,其有利地选自6-巯基嘌呤、氟达拉滨、克拉屈滨、喷司他丁、阿糖胞苷、5-氟尿嘧啶、吉西他滨、甲氨蝶呤、雷替曲塞、伊立替康、托泊替康、依托泊苷、柔红霉素、多柔比星、表柔比星、伊达比星、吡柔比星、米托蒽醌、氮芥、环磷酰胺、异环磷酰胺、美法仑、苯丁酸氮芥、白消安、卡莫司汀、福莫司汀、链脲菌素、卡铂、顺铂、奥沙利铂、甲基苄肼、达卡巴嗪、博来霉素、长春碱、长春新碱、长春地辛、长春瑞滨、紫杉醇、多西他赛、L-天冬酰胺酶、氟他胺、尼鲁米特、比卡鲁胺、乙酸环丙孕酮、曲普瑞林、亮丙瑞林、戈舍瑞林、布舍瑞林、福美坦、氨鲁米特、阿那曲唑、来曲唑、他莫昔芬、奥曲肽和兰乐肽。
所述癌症可以选自神经胶质瘤、黑色素瘤(特别是葡萄膜黑色素瘤)、视网膜母细胞瘤、乳腺癌(特别是非-激素依赖性乳腺癌)、前列腺癌、肺癌(特别是非小细胞肺癌)、卵巢癌、食道癌、肝癌、胰腺癌、头颈癌、结肠癌和肾癌。
本发明首先还提供一种用于制备如上所定义的式(I)化合物的方法,其中R3为CO2-(C1-C6)烷基或OR8,其中R8≠H,所述方法包括下述步骤:
(i)下式(II)的化合物:
其中M、n和R3如上所定义,
和下式(III)的化合物之间进行麦克默里反应(McMurry coupling):
其中R1和R2如上所定义,
以产生如上所定义的式(I)化合物,并且
(ii)任选将步骤(i)中获得的式(I)化合物成盐或者溶剂化,以产生其药学上可接受的盐或者溶剂化物。
步骤(i):
麦克默里反应特别描述于下述出版物中:
Nakayama J.et al.Chem.Com.1986,12,974-975;Top S.etal.Chem.Eur.J.2003,9,5223-5236;Vessieres A.et al.J.Med.Chem.2005,48,3937-3940;或Hillard E.A.et al.Dalton Transactions 2007,43,5073-5081。
麦克默里反应采用具有低化合价的钛复合物诸如TiCl4或TiCl3作为试剂,在还原剂诸如锂、钠、镁、锌、LiAlH4或者Zn-Cu汞合金存在下进行。
优选地,所述麦克默里反应在TiCl4和锌(优选以粉末形式)存在下进行,并且特别在嘧啶存在下进行。
在所述麦克默里反应之后任选能够通过本领域技术人员熟知的常规方法进行Rl、R2和R3的脱保护和/或修饰和/或功能化反应。
式(II)化合物能够通过本领域技术人员熟知的方法获得,并且所述方法更特别地描述于下列文献中:Top,S.et al.Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 1997,541(1-2),355-361;Hillard,E.A.et al.Dalton Transactions 2007,43,5073-5081;Metay,E.etal.European Journal of Organic Chemistry 2008,25,4304-4312;Kumar,J.etal.Chemical Communications(Cambridge,United Kingdom)2008,22,2526-2528;Ferreira,A.et al.Organometallics 2009,28,18,5412-5423;M.Aslam Siddiqi etal.Materials 2010,3,1172-1185.
式(III)化合物能够商购或者通过本领域技术人员熟知的方法制备。特别指出,4,4’-二羟基二苯甲酮由阿法埃莎(Alfa Aesar)销售。
步骤(ii):
能够通过本领域技术人员熟知的方法实施所述成盐或者溶剂化步骤,特别如前文所述通过使步骤(i)中获得的式(I)化合物与药学上可接受的酸(有机酸或者无机酸)、碱(有机酸或者无机酸)或者溶剂反应。
所述溶剂特别能为在制备根据本发明的化合物的最后步骤中使用的溶剂,特别是步骤(i)中使用的溶剂。
因此,步骤(i)和步骤(ii)能够在单一步骤中实施,不需要分离中间化合物。
本发明还提供用于制备如上所定义的式(I)化合物的第二种方法,其中R3是OR8,所述方法包括下述步骤:
(a)还原下式(Ib)的化合物:
其中M、n、R1和R2如上所定义,并且Alk为(C1-C6)烷基,
以产生式(I)的化合物,其中R3是OH,
(b)任选地取代步骤(a)中获得的化合物,以产生式(I)化合物,其中R3为OR8,R8≠H,并且
(c)任选将步骤(a)或者(b)中获得的式(I)化合物成盐或者溶剂化,以产生其药学上可接受的盐或者溶剂化物。
步骤(a):
这一步骤能够在还原剂存在下,在本领域技术人员熟知的条件中进行。所述还原剂能为LiAlH4。该反应能够在二乙醚作用溶剂的情况下,特别在回流下进行。
本发明的式(Ib)化合物特别能够通过如上所述的第一方法来制备。
步骤(b):
这一取代步骤能够在本领域技术人员熟知的条件下实施。该反应特别能够通过使式(I)化合物(其中R3=OH)与式R8-LG的化合物(R8≠H并且LG表示离去基团)特别在碱基存在下反应。
本文所用术语“离去基团”指代在亲和取代反应过程中能够被亲核试剂容易地取代的化学基团,在本发明的情况下所述亲核试剂为醇,即携带OH基团的分子。这样的离去基团特别可为卤素原子或者磺酸盐。所述磺酸盐特别为-OSO2-R18基团,其中R18表示(C1-C6)烷基、芳基、芳基-(C1-C6)烷基或者(C1-C6)烷基-芳基基团,所述基团任选由一个或多个卤素原子诸如氟原子取代。所述磺酸盐特别能为甲磺酸盐(CH3-S(O2)O-)、三氟甲磺酸盐(CF3-S(O2)O-)或者甲苯磺酸盐(p-Me-C6H4-S(O2)O-)。
步骤(c):参见step(ii)。
本发明还提供用于制备如上所定义的式(I)化合物的第三种方法,其中R3是COOH,所述方法包括下述步骤:
(1)将下式(Ic)的化合物进行皂化:
其中M、n、R1和R2如上所定义,并且Alk为-(C1-C6)烷基,
以产生式(I)化合物,其中R3是COOH,并且
(2)任选将步骤(1)中获得的式(I)化合物成盐或者溶剂化,以产生其药学上可接受的盐或者溶剂化物。
步骤(1):
这一步骤能够在本领域技术人员熟知的条件下实施。本反应特别能够在K2CO3存在下实施。
式(Ib)化合物特别能够通过上文所述的第一种方法来制备。
步骤(2):参见step(ii)。
本发明还提供用于制备如上所定义的式(I)化合物的第三种方法,其中R3为NR9R10,所述方法包括下述步骤:
(A)使下式(Id)的化合物:
其中M、n、R1和R2如上所定义,并且Ha1为卤素原子,
与式NR9R10化合物反应,
以产生式(I)化合物,其中R3是NR9R10,并且
(B)任选将步骤(A)中获得的式(I)化合物成盐或者溶剂化,以产生其药学上可接受的盐或者溶剂化物。
步骤(A):
这一步骤能够在本领域技术人员熟知的条件下实施,特别能够在碱诸如K2CO3的存在下实施。
式(Ib)化合物特别能够通过如上文所描述或者如下述文献中所描述的麦克默里反应来制备:Hillard et al.J.Organomet.Chem.2007,692,1315-1326。
步骤(B):参见step(ii)。
进一步的功能化/保护/脱保护步骤能够在如上所述的步骤中实施,这样的步骤及其反应条件是本领域技术人员所熟知的。
可以通过本领域技术人员熟知的方法,尤其在真空条件下尤其通过溶剂过滤或蒸发,将本发明的化合物从反应介质中回收。清洗含有本发明化合物的有机层的步骤和萃取步骤能够预先实施。
如果必要,能够通过本领域技术人员熟知的常规纯化方法纯化所获得的产物,诸如通过重结晶、制备型薄层层析、高效液相色谱(通常被称为HPLC)或者硅胶柱层析。有利地,如果所述产物为结晶质则优选的方法是重结晶和/或优选硅胶柱层析。
下述实例旨在更好地阐述本发明,而不是用于限制本发明的范围。
实施例
所使用缩写词:
CI 化学电离
DCM 二氯甲烷
DMF 二甲基甲酰胺
DMSO 二甲基亚砜
EI 电子电离
ESI 电喷雾电离
Et 乙基
HRMS 高分辨率质谱
IR 红外线
Me 甲基
MS 质谱
NMR 核磁共振
PE 石油醚
THF 四氢呋喃
TLC 薄层层析
实例1:本发明化合物的制备
1.1.酯衍生物制备
其中Alk=(C1-C6)烷基并且n、Rl和R2如上所定义。
一般流程(麦克默里反应):
在10℃下将氯化钛逐滴添加到溶于干THF的锌粉悬浮液中。将混合物加热回流2小时。通过将相应的酮(等摩尔)溶解于干THF中而制备第二溶液。将这后一种溶液逐滴加入所述第一种溶液中,然后持续回流2小时或者2小时以上。冷却至室温后,将该混合物与水和二氯甲烷搅拌在一起。使用经稀释的盐酸将所述混合物酸化直至黑色消失并且将混合物倒出。使用二氯甲烷萃取水相,并将有机相的组合在硫酸镁上干燥。在减压浓缩之后,将粗产物在硅胶柱上层析,使用乙酸环己酯/乙酸乙酯作为洗脱剂。
3-二茂铁基-4,4-双-(4-羟基苯基)-3-丁烯酸乙酯,P64。
产率:40%。1H NMR(丙酮D6):δ1.23(t,J=7.2Hz,3H,CH3),3.65(s,2H,CH2),3.93(t,J=2.0Hz,2H,C5H4),4.09(q,J=7.2Hz,2H,CH2O),4.11(t,J=2.0Hz,2H,C5H4),4.17(s,5H,Cp),6.76(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,C6H4),6.83(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,C6H4),6.97(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,C6H4),7.10(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,C6H4),8.31(s,1H,OH),8.33(s,1H,OH)。13C NMR(丙酮D6):δ15.3(CH3),44.1(CH2),61.5(CH2),69.5(2CH C5H4),70.6(5CH Cp),70.7(2CH C5H4),88.8(CC5H4),116.5(2CH C6H4),116.6(2CH C6H4),128.9(C),131.8(2CH C6H4),132.4(2CH C6H4),137.2(C),137.3(C),142.8(C),157.7(2C),173.2(CO)。IR(KBr,v cm-1):3361(OH),2933,2986,3035(CH2,CH3),1682(CO)。MS(CI,NH3)m/z:483[M+H]+,500[M+NH4]+。HRMS(CI,NH3,C28H27FeO4:[M+H]+)理论值:483.1259,实测值:483.1265。对C28H26FeO4的分析理论值:C,69.72;H,5.43。实测值:C,69.63;H,5.45
4-二茂铁基-5,5-双-(4-羟基苯基)-4-戊烯酸乙酯,P49
产率:51%。1H NMR(丙酮D6):δ1.22(t,J=7.2Hz,3H,CH3),2.44(t,J=8.2Hz,2H,CH2),2.98(t,J=8.2Hz,2H,CH2),3.99(t,J=1.9Hz,2H,C5H4),4.07(q,J=7.1Hz,2H,CH2O),4.12(t,J=1.9Hz,2H,C5H4),4.18(s,5H,Cp),6.74(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,C6H4),6.87(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,C6H4),6.90(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,C6H4),7.11(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,C6H4),8.26(s,1H,OH),8.32(s,1H,OH)。13C NMR(丙酮D6):δ14.6(CH3),30.9(CH2),35.4(CH2),60.6(CH2),68.8(2CHC5H4),69.9(5CH Cp),70.0(2CH C5H4),88.1(C C5H4),115.8(2CH C6H4),116.0(2CH C6H4),131.2(2CH C6H4),131.8(2CH C6H4),133.5(C),136.7(C),137.2(C),140.2(C),156.8(2C),173.3(CO)。IR(KBr,v cm-1):3330,3396(OH),2986,3026,3058,3094(CH2,CH3),1690(CO)。MS(EI,70eV)m/z:496[M]+,451[M-OEt]+,431[M-Cp]+,121[FeCp]+。HRMS(EI,70eV,C29H28FeO4:[M]+)理论值:496.1331,实测值:496.1331。对C29H28FeO4的分析理论值:C,70.17;H,5.68。实测值:C,69.89;H,5.66。
4-二茂铁基-5,5-双-(4-羟基苯基)-4-戊烯酸甲酯,P189。
产率:94%。1H NMR(丙酮D6):δδ2.46(t,J=8.2Hz,2H,CH2),2.98(t,J=8.2Hz,2H,CH2),3.43(s,3H,CH3),3.98(t,J=1.9Hz,2H,C5H4),4.12(t,J=1.9Hz,2H,C5H4),4.18(s,5H,Cp),6.74(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,C6H4),6.86(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,C6H4),6.89(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,C6H4),7.11(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,C6H4),8.29(s,1H,OH),8.35(s,1H,OH)。13C NMR(丙酮D6):δ31.7(CH2),35.9(CH2),52.3(CH3),68.6(2CH C5H4),70.6(5CH Cp),70.7(2CH C5H4),88.8(CC5H4),116.6(2CH C6H4),116.8(2CH C6H4),131.9(2CH C6H4),132.5(2CH C6H4),134.2(C),137.4(C),137.9(C),141.1(C),157.6(2C),174.4(CO)。IR(KBr,v cm-1):3393(OH),3098,3031,2953(CH2,CH3),1698(CO)。MS(EI,70eV)m/z:482[M]+,451[M-OMe]+,121[CpFe]+。HRMS(FAB,C28H26FeO4:[M]+)理论值:482.1181,实测值:482.1196。对C28H26FeO4分析理论值:C,69.72;H,5.43。实测值:C,69.79;H,5.56。
5-二茂铁基-6,6-双-(4-羟基苯基)-5-己烯酸甲酯,P188。
产率:12%。1H NMR(DMSO D6):δ1.63-1.78(m,2H,CH2),2.23(t,J=8.2Hz,2H,CH2),3.31-3.39(m,2H,CH2),3.57(s,3H,CH3),3.89(t,J=1.9Hz,2H,C5H4),4.11(t,J=1.9Hz,2H,C5H4),4.13(s,5H,Cp),6.66(d,J=8.5Hz,2H,C6H4),6.75(d,J=8.5Hz,2H,C6H4),6.81(d,J=8.5Hz,2H,C6H4),6.98(d,J=8.5Hz,2H,C6H4),9.30(s,1H,OH),9.34(s,1H,OH)。13C NMR(DMSO D6):δ26.4(CH2),34.2(CH2),34.3(CH2),52.1(CH3),68.7(2CH C5H4),69.6(2CH C5H4),69.9(5CH Cp),87.6(C C5H4),115.9(2x 2CH C6H4),130.8(2CH C6H4),131.3(2CH C6H4),133.9(C),136.1(C),136.5(C),139.3(C),156.5(C),156.6(C),174.1(CO)。IR(KBr,v cm-1):3420(OH),3028,2948(CH2,CH3),1706,1693(CO)。MS(CI,NH3)m z:497[M+H]+,514[M+NH4]+。HRMS(CI,NH3,C29H29FeO4:[M+H]+)理论值:497.1416,实测值:497.1430。对C29H29FeO4的分析理论值:C,70.17;H,5.68。实测值:C,69.96;H,5.71。
6-二茂铁基-7,7-双-(4-羟基苯基)-6-庚烯酸甲酯,P504。
产率:39%。1H NMR(丙酮D6):δ1.49-1.60(m,4H,CH2),2.21(t,J=6.8Hz,2H,CH2),2.67(t,J=7.4Hz,2H,CH2),3.63(s,3H,CH3),3.97(t,J=1.9Hz,2H,C5H4),4.11(t,J=1.9Hz,2H,C5H4),4.17(s,5H,Cp),6.74(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,C6H4),6.85(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,C6H4),6.90(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,C6H4),7.08(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,C6H4),8.24(s,1H,OH),8.28(s,1H,OH)。13C NMR(丙酮D6):δ26.5(CH2),31.6(CH2),34.8(CH2),35.8(CH2),52.2(CH3),69.4(2CHC5H4),70.7(5CH Cp),70.8(2CH C5H4),89.2(C C5H4),116.5(2CH C6H4),116.6(2CH C6H4),132.1(2CH C6H4),132.5(2CH C6H4),133.1(C),135.8(C),137.9(C),138.2(C),156.5(C),157.5(C),180.5(CO)。MS(ESI)m/z:510[Μ]+,271,143,83。HRMS(ESI,C30H30FeO4:[M]+)理论值:510.1493,实测值:510.1509。
4-二茂铁基-5-(4-羟基苯基)-5-苯基-4-戊烯酸甲酯,P680。
所述Z和E异构体由制备型HPLC(反相使用乙腈/水90/10作为洗脱剂)分离,但在少于12小时之内完全转化为50/50混合物。使用Z和E异构体的50/50混合物用于测试。
产率:36%。1H NMR(丙酮D6):δ2.43-2.536(m,2H,CH2),2.87-3.05(m,2H,CH2),3.60和3.61(s,3H,CH3),3.92和3.99(t,J=1.9Hz,2H,C5H4),4.11和4.15(t,J=1.9Hz,2H,C5H4),4.18和4.19(s,5H,Cp),6.76和6.87(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,C6H4),6.90-7.44(m,7H,C6H4),8.34和8.39(s,1H,OH)。13C NMR(丙酮D6):δ31.1(CH2),35.8和35.9(CH2),52.3(CH3),69.7(2CH C5H4),70.7(5CH Cp+2CH C5H4),88.1和88.2(C C5H4),116.7和116.9(2CH C6H4),127.8和127.9(CH C6H5),129.7和130.0(2CH芳烃),130.7和131.3(2CH芳烃),131.9和132.4(2CH芳烃),134.9和135.3(C),136.8和137.0(C),141.0(C),146.3和146.7(C),157.7(C),174.3和174.4(CO)。MS(CI,NH3)m/z:467[M+H]+,484[M+NH4]+。HRMS(ESI,C28H26FeO3:[M]+)理论值:466.1231,实测值:466.1235。
5,5-双-[4-(3-二甲基氨基丙氧基)苯基]-4-二茂铁基-4-戊烯酸甲酯,P632。
P632型二胺的制备流程:
将P189(2.23g)溶解在50mL DMF中并且分批添加氢化钠(0.74g)。搅拌混合物,然后添加3-二甲氨-基-氯丙烷盐酸盐(1.10g)。使混合物回流过夜、冷却,并且在添加3mL乙醇后减压浓缩。将残留物用二乙醚和水的混合物萃取然后倒出。用稀释的氢氧化钠水溶液,然后用水清洗有机相两次,在硫酸镁上干燥并且减压浓缩。残留物在硅胶柱上层析,使用丙酮/三乙胺10/1作为洗脱剂,以产生P632油,具有67%产率。
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ1.99-2.13(m,4H,2CH2),2.36(s,6H,NMe2),2.38(s,6H,NMe2),2.44-2.65(m,6H,2CH2N+CH2),2.95-3.04(m,2H,CH2),3.72(s,3H,OCH3),4.00(t,J=1.9Hz,2H,CH C5H4),4.05(t,J=6.5Hz,2H,2CH2O),4.10(t,J=6.5Hz,2H,2CH2O),4.17(t,J=1.9Hz,2H,CH C5H4),4.21(s,5H,Cp),6.82(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,C6H4),6.94(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,C6H4),7.00(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,C6H4),7.17(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,C6H4)。13C NMR(丙酮D6):δ29.0(2CH2),31.7(CH2),35.8(CH2),46.5(2NMe2),52.3(OCH3),57.6(2CH2N),67.4(2CH2O),69.7(2CH C5H4),70.7(5CH Cp+2CH C5H4),88.5(C C5H4),115.6(2CH C6H4),115.9(2CH C6H4),131.9(2CH C6H4),132.4(2CH C6H4),134.7(C),138.3(C),138.7(C),140.5(C),159.5(2C)。IR(KBr,v cm-1):3091,3031,2953,2857,2811,2761(CH2,CH3),1737(CO)。MS(EI,70eV)m/z:652[M]+,86[CH2CH2CH2NMe2]+,58[CH2NMe2]+。HRMS(ESI,C38H48FeN2O4:[M]+)理论值:652.2963,实测值:652.2952。
合成4-氧代-4-二茂钌基丁酸甲酯(W1)。(根据M.Aslam Siddiqi等.Materials2010,3,1172-1185制备)将A1Cl3(0.8g,6mmol)缓慢添加至溶于15ml DCM中的二茂钌溶液中(1.3g,6mmol)。将0.34ml 4-氯-4-氧代丁酸甲酯(6mmol)逐滴添加到所述第一溶液中并且将所获得的混合物搅拌12小时。然后用水终止反应。用二氯甲烷萃取水相三次。将有机相在MgSO4上干燥并且蒸发干燥。通过硅胶柱层析纯化残留物,使用PE:EtOAc(6:1)洗脱,以产生4-氧代-4-二茂钌基丁酸甲酯,为0.9g淡黄色固体,产率43%。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ2.64(t,J=6.7Hz,2H,CH2),2.98(t,J=6.7Hz,2H,CH2),3.70(s,3H,OCH3),4.62(s,5H,C5H5),4.78(t,J=3.0Hz,2H,C5H4),5.13(t,J=3.0Hz,2H,C5H4)。
合成5,5-双-(4-羟基苯基)-4-二茂钌基-4-戊烯酸甲酯(W2)。在0℃将TiCl4(0.6ml,5.5mmol)逐滴加入溶于8ml THF的锌粉悬浮液中(0.6g,9.2mmol)。将所获得的深灰色混合物加热回流2小时。将含有4,4'-二羟基二苯甲酮(0.65g,3mmol)和4-氧代-4-二茂钌基丁酸甲酯(0.47g,1.36mmol)的THF溶液(8ml)逐滴加入所述第一溶液中,并且将所获得的混合物加热2小时。冷却至室温后,通过添加稀释的HCl将所述混合物酸化。用EtOAc萃取水相三次。将组合的有机相在MgSO4上干燥并且蒸发干燥。通过硅胶柱层析纯化残留物,使用PE:EtOAc(2:1)洗脱,以产生5,5-双-(4-羟基苯基)-4-二茂钌基-4-戊烯酸甲酯,为613mg淡黄色固体,产率85%。1H NMR(300MHz,丙酮-d6)δ2.45(t,J=7.5Hz,2H,CH2),2.66(t,J=7.5Hz,2H,CH2),3.56(s,3H,OCH3),4.34(t,J=3.0Hz,2H,C5H4),4.39(t,J=3.0Hz,2H,C5H4),4.54(s,5H,C5H5),6.67(d,J=8.6Hz,2H,C6H4),6.79(d,J=8.6Hz,2H,C6H4),6.86(d,J=8.6Hz,2H,C6H4),6.99(d,J=8.5Hz,2H,C6H4),8.21(s,1H,OH),8.28(s,1H,OH);13C NMR(75MHz,丙酮-d6)δ32.4(CH2),35.1(CH2),51.5(OCH3),70.4(2CH C5H4),71.8(5CH C5H5),72.8(2CH C5H4),93.4(C C5H4),115.9(2CH C6H4),115.5(2CH C6H4),131.9(2CH,C6H4),131.1(2CH,C6H4),132.3(2C C=C),136.8(C C6H4),140.7(C C6H4),156.9(C C6H4),156.7(CC6H4),173.8(C CO)。
1.2.制备卤化衍生物(比较实例)
流程:
基于如上文所述用于制备酯衍生物的麦克默里流程来制备氯化化合物和溴化化合物,从相应的氯化酮和溴化酮起始。
5-氯-2-二茂铁-1,1-双-(4-羟基苯基)-1-戊烯,P687。
产率:68%。1H NMR(丙酮D6):δ1.89-2.02(m,2H,CH2),2.84(t,J=8.0Hz,2H,CH2),3.54(t,J=8.0Hz,2H,CH2),4.00(t,J=1.9Hz,2H,CH C5H4),4.12(t,J=1.9Hz,2H,CHC5H4),4.17(s,5H,Cp),6.74(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,C6H4),6.86(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,C6H4),6.90(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,C6H4),7.10(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,C6H4),8.29(s,1H,OH),8.34(s,1H,OH)。13C NMR(丙酮D6):δ33.8(CH2),35.1(CH2),46.7(CH2Cl),69.5(2CH C5H4),70.6(5CH Cp),70.7(2CHC5H4),89.1(C C5H4),116.5(2CH C6H4),116.7(2CH C6H4),132.0(2CH C6H4),132.5(2CHC6H4),134.7(C),137.6(C),138.0(C),140.7(C),157.5(C)。IR(KBr,v cm-1):3433(OH),3085,2951,2868(CH,CH2)。MS(CI,NH3)m/z:473[M+H]+。HRMS(ESI,C27H25ClFeO2:[M]+)理论值:472.0892,实测值:472.0887。
6-氯-2-二茂铁-1,1-双-(4-羟基苯基)-1-己烯,P719。
产率:60%。1H NMR(丙酮D6):δ1.61-1.74(m,4H,CH2-CH2);2.69(t,J=7.4Hz,2H,CH2-C=C);3.50(t,J=6.2Hz,2H,CH2Cl);3.96(t,J=1.9Hz,2H,H C5H4);4.09(t,J=1.9Hz,2H,H C5H4);4.15(s,5H,HCp);6.74(d,J=8.6Hz,2H,H C6H4);6.85(d,J=8.6Hz,2H,H C6H4);6.91(d,J=8.6Hz,2H,H C6H4);7.09(d,J=8.6Hz,2H,H C6H4);8.28(s,1H,OH);8.32(s,1H,OH)。13C NMR(丙酮D6):δ28.4(CH2);33.0(CH2);34.2(CH2);45.3(CH2Cl);68.4(2CH C5H4);69.6(5CH Cp);69.7(2CH C5H4);87.9(C C5H4);115.5(2CH C6H4);115.6(2CHC6H4);131.0(2CH C6H4);131.5(2CH C6H4);134.5(C);136.7(C);137.0(C);139.2(C);156.4(C),156.5(C)。IR(KBr,v cm-1):3419(OH),2987,2952,2863(CH,CH2)。MS(EI,70eV)m/z:486[Μ]+·,421,343,286,186。HRMS(ESI,C28H27ClFeO2:[M]+)理论值:486.1049,实测值:486.1058。
5-溴-2-二茂铁-1,1-双-(4-羟基苯基)-1-戊烯,P528。
产率:71%。1H NMR(丙酮D6):δ1.96-2.10(m,2H,CH2),2.83(t,J=7.9Hz,2H,CH2),3.38-3.49(m,2H,CH2Br),3.99(t,J=1.9Hz,2H,CH C5H4),4.11(t,J=1.9Hz,2H,CH C5H4),4.17(s,5H,Cp),6.72(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,C6H4),6.84(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,C6H4),6.88(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,C6H4),7.07(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,C6H4),8.73(s,1H,OH),8.77(s,1H,OH)。13C NMR(丙酮D6):δ35.1(CH2),35.3(CH2),35.8(CH2),69.5(2CH C5H4),70.6(5CH Cp),70.7(2CHC5H4),89.2(C C5H4),116.5(2CH C6H4),116.8(2CH C6H4),132.0(2CH C6H4),132.5(2CHC6H4),134.6(C),137.6(C),138.0(C),140.8(C),157.6(2C)。MS(EI,70eV)m/z:516[Μ]+,437,371,343,286。HRMS(ESI,C27H25BrFeO2:[M]+)理论值:516.0387,实测值:516.0405。
2-二茂铁-1,1-双-(4-羟基苯基)-5-碘-1-戊烯,P615。
在23当量的碘化钾存在下,将溴化化合物P528在工业级丙酮中逆流加热三小时。减压浓缩后,添加二乙醚和水并将混合物倒出。萃取水相并将有机相组合在硫酸镁上干燥并减压浓缩以提供定量产率的P615。
1H NMR(丙酮D6):δ1.95-2.06(m,2H,CH2),2.81(t,J=8.0Hz,2H,CH2),3.21(m,3H,CH2I),4.01(t,J=1.9Hz,2H,CH C5H4),4.11(t,J=1.9Hz,2H,CH C5H4),4.18(s,5H,Cp),6.75(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,C6H4),6.87(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,C6H4),6.90(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,C6H4),7.09(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,C6H4),8.30(s,1H,OH),8.35(s,1H,OH)。13C NMR(丙酮D6):δ30.9(CH2),36.0(CH2),37.4(CH2),69.4(2CH C5H4),70.5(5CH Cp),70.6(2CH C5H4),89.2(C C5H4),116.5(2CH C6H4),116.8(2CH C6H4),131.9(2CH C6H4),132.5(2CH C6H4),134.3(C),137.5(C),137.9(C),140.8(C),157.5(C)。MS(EI,70eV)m/z:564[Μ]+,436[M-HI]+。HRMS(ESI,C27H25FeI O2:[M]+)理论值:564.0249,实测值:564.0236。
1.3.制备醇衍生物
其中Alk=(C1-C6)烷基并且n、Rl和R2如上所定义。
一般流程(酯衍生物还原):
在含有二乙醚的长颈瓶中,缓慢地分批加入氢化铝锂并搅拌。缓慢添加溶解于干THF中的相应的酯,然后将混合物回流加热8小时。室温下持续搅拌过夜,然后逐滴添加乙酸乙酯,然后添加乙醇,然后添加水。将混合物倒入碳酸氢钠溶液中并用乙醚萃取两次。用水清洗有机相,硫酸镁干燥,过滤和减压浓缩。
2-二茂铁基-1,l-双-(4-羟基苯基)-4-羟基-1-丁烯,P110。
产率:71%。1H NMR(丙酮D6):δ2.98-3.08(m,2H,CH2),3.62-3.74(m,3H,CH2O+OH),4.08(t,J=1.9Hz,2H,CH C5H4),4.18(t,J=1.9Hz,2H,CH C5H4),4.25(s,5H,Cp),6.80(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,H芳烃),6.93(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,H芳烃),6.96(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,H芳烃),7.18(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,H芳烃),8.33(s,1H,OH),8.39(s,1H,OH)。13C NMR(丙酮D6):δ39.5(CH2),62.9(CH2O),68.6(2CH C5H4),69.8(5CH Cp),70.1(2CH C5H4),88.8(C C5H4),115.7(2CH芳烃),115.9(2CH芳烃),131.2(2CH芳烃),131.8(2CH芳烃),137.0(C),137.3(C),140.6(C),145.8(C),156.7(C),156.8(C)。MS(EI,70eV)m/z:440[M]+,375[M-Cp]+,121[CpFe]+。对于C26H24FeO3的分析理论值:C,70.92:H,5.49。实测值:C,70.64:H,5.55。
2-二茂铁基-1,l-双-(4-羟基苯基)-5-羟基-1-戊烯,P53。
产率:82%。1H NMR(丙酮D6):δ1.72-1.85(m,2H,CH2),2.82(t,J=8.0Hz,2H,CH2),3.51-3.60(m,3H,CH2O+OH),4.10(t,J=1.9Hz,2H,CH C5H4),4.17(t,J=1.9Hz,2H,CHC5H4),4.23(s,5H,Cp),6.82(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,C6H4),6.93(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,C6H4),6.99(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,C6H4),7.18(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,C6H4),8.32(s,1H,OH),8.35(s,1H,OH)。13C NMR(丙酮D6):δ32.7(CH2),35.6(CH2),63.3(CH2O),69.4(2CH C5H4),70.6(5CH Cp),70.8(2CHC5H4),89.3(C C5H4),116.5(2CH C6H4),116.6(2CH C6H4),132.0(2CH C6H4),132.5(2CHC6H4),136.0(C),138.0(C),138.3(C),139.9(C),157.3(C),157.4(C)。IR(KBr,v cm-1):3433,3519,3560(OH),2887,2955,3222(CH2)。MS(EI,70eV)m/z:454[M]+,389[M-Cp]+,121[FeCp]+。HRMS(EI,70eV,C27H26FeO3:[M]+)理论值:454.1232,实测值:454.1237。
2-二茂铁基-1,l-双-(4-羟基苯基)-6-羟基-1-己烯,P536。
产率:100%。1H NMR(丙酮D6):δ1.24-1.36(m,2H,CH2),1.36-1.50(m,2H,CH2),2.52(t,J=7.9Hz,2H,CH2),3.20-3.37(m,2H,CH2O),3.80(t,J=1.9Hz,2H,CH C5H4),3.92(t,J=1.9Hz,2H,CH C5H4),3.98(s,5H,Cp),6.57(d,J=8.6Hz,2H,H芳烃),6.67(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,H芳烃),6.73(d,J=8.6Hz,2H,H芳烃),6.92(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,H芳烃),8.09(s,1H,OH),8.12(s,1H,OH)。13C NMR(丙酮D6):δ27.9(CH2),33.8(CH2),35.3(CH2),62.3(CH2O),68.6(2CH C5H4),69.9(5CH Cp),70.1(2CH C5H4),88.5(C C5H4),115.8(2CH芳烃),115.8(2CH芳烃),131.3(2CH芳烃),131.8(2CH芳烃),135.4(C),137.2(C),137.5(C),139.1(C),156.6(C),156.7(CMS(CI,NH3)m/z:469[M+H]+。
2-二茂铁基-1,l-双-(4-羟基苯基)-7-羟基-1-庚烯,P537。
产率:100%。1H NMR(丙酮D6):δ1.09-1.22(m,2H,CH2),1.22-1.49(m,4H,2CH2),2.50(t,J=8.0Hz,2H,CH2),3.30-3.39(m,2H,CH2),3.78(t,J=1.9Hz,2H,CH C5H4),3.92(t,J=1.9Hz,2H,CH C5H4),3.98(s,5H,Cp),6.57(d,J=8.6Hz,2H,CH芳烃),6.67(d,J=8.6Hz,2H,CH芳烃),6.73(d,J=8.6Hz,2H,CH芳烃),6.92(d,J=8.6Hz,2H,CH芳烃),8.08(s,1H,OH),8.11(s,1H,OH)。13C NMR(丙酮D6):δ26.9(CH2),31.4(CH2),33.6(CH2),35.6(CH2),62.5(OCH2),68.6(2CH C5H4),69.9(5CH Cp),70.0(2CH C5H4),88.6(C C5H4),115.8(2CH芳烃),115.8(2CH芳烃),131.3(2CH芳烃),131.8(2CH芳烃),135.4(C),137.2(C),137.5(C),139.0(C),156.6(C),156.7(C)。MS(CI,NH3)m/z:483[M+H]+,500[M+NH4]+。
2-二茂铁基-1-(4-羟基苯基)-5-羟基-1-苯基-1-戊烯,P681。
从P680的Z和E异构体的50/50混合物起始进行该反应。通过制备型HPLC(反相使用乙腈/水80/20作为洗脱剂)分离该异构体,并缓慢转化为50/50混合物。
产率:86%。1H NMR(丙酮D6):δ1.65-1.80(m,2H,CH2),2.65-2.80(m,2H,CH2),3.41-3.54(m,3H,CH2O+OH),3.97和4.05(t,J=1.9Hz,2H,CH C5H4),4.08和4.12(t,J=1.9Hz,2H,CH C5H4),4.16和4.17(s,5H,Cp),6.77和6.86(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,C6H4),6.89-7.42(m,7H,H芳烃),8.32和8.34(s,1H,OH)。13C NMR(丙酮D6):δ32.6(CH2),35.6(CH2),63.2(CH2O),69.5(2CH C5H4),70.7(5CH Cp),70.9(2CH C5H4),88.7(C C5H4),116.7(2CH C6H4),127.6(CHC6H5),129.7和129.8(2CH芳烃),130.9和131.4(2CH芳烃),132.0和132.4(2CH芳烃),136.7和137.0(C),137.5和137.8(C),139.4和139.8(C),146.8(C),157.5和157.6(C)。MS(CI,N3)m/z:439[M+H]+。HRMS(ESI,C27H26FeO2:[M]+)理论值:438.1282,实测值:438.1288。
1,1,-双[4-(3-二甲氨基丙氧基)苯基]-2-二茂铁基-5-羟基-1-戊烯,P651。
产率:96%。1H NMR(CDC13):δ1.61-1.75(m,2H,CH2),1.85-2.00(m,4H,2CH2),2.23(s,6H,NMe2),2.24(s,6H,NMe2),2.39-2.50(m,4H,2CH2N),2.69(t,J=7.5Hz,2H,CH2),3.48(t,J=6.4Hz,2H,CH2O),3.92(t,J=1.9Hz,2H,CH C5H4),3.93-4.02(m,4H,2CH2O),4.05(t,J=1.9Hz,2H,CH C5H4),4.10(s,5H,Cp),6.72(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,C6H4),6.84(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,C6H4),6.92(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,C6H4),7.09(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,C6H4)。13C NMR(CDCl3):δ27.8(2CH2),31.1(CH2),34.0(CH2),45.8(2NMe2),56.7(2CH2N),62.7(CH2OH),66.3(CH2O),66.4(CH2O),68.4(2CH C5H4),69.4(5CH Cp),69.3(2CH C5H4),87.7(C C5H4),114.4(2CH C6H4),114.6(2CH C6H4),130.9(2CH C6H4),131.3(2CH C6H4),134.6(C),137.3(C),137.6(C),138.3(C),157.6(C),157.7(C)。MS(EI,70eV)m/z:624[Μ]+,86[(CH2)3NMe2]+,58[CH2NMe2]+。HRMS(ESI,C37H48FeN2O3:[M]+)理论值:624.3014,实测值:624.3004。
1,1-双-(4-羟基苯基)-5-羟基-2-二茂钌基-1-戊烯,W3。
将LiAlH4(0.12g,3.2mmol)缓慢添加至溶于10ml THF的5,5-双-(4-羟基苯基)-4-二茂钌基-4-戊烯酸甲酯(W2)(0.3g,0.6mmol)中。将获得的混合物加热回流12小时。然后用水终止反应。用EtOAc萃取水相三次。将有机相在MgSO4上干燥并蒸发干燥。将残留物通过硅胶柱层析纯化,使用石油醚/乙酸乙酯(2/1)以产生1,1-双-(4-羟基苯基)-5-羟基-2-二茂钌基-1-戊烯,为0.2g淡黄色固体,产率70%。1H NMR(300MHz,丙酮-d6)δ1.75(m,2H,CH2),2.53(t,J=9.0Hz,2H,CH2),3.50(q,J=6.3Hz,2H,OCH2),3.58(t,J=6Hz,1H,OH),4.45(s,4H,C5H4),4.61(s,5H,C5H5),6.77(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,C6H4),6.86(d,J=8.6Hz,2H,C6H4),6.96(d,J=8.6Hz,2H,C6H4),7.06(d,J=8.6Hz,2H,C6H4),8.36(s,1H,OH),8.40(s,1H,OH);13CNMR(75MHz,丙酮-d6)δ33.4(CH2),34.7(CH2),62.6(CH2),70.3(2CH C5H4),71.8(5CH C5H5),72.8(2CH C5H4),93.9(C C5H4),115.6(2CH C6H4),115.79(2CH C6H4),131.2(2CH C6H4),131.9(2CH C6H4),134.1(C C=C),136.8(C C=C),137.2(C C6H4),139.3(C C6H4),156.6(2C C6H4);MS-EI m/z:500(M)+。
1.4.制备酸衍生物
其中Alk=(C1-C6)烷基并且n、Rl和R2如上所定义。
一般流程(酯衍生物皂化):
在含有2当量碳酸钾的乙醇和水溶液(对于1mmol P189分别为35mL和10mL)中加热诸如P189的酯化合物1.5小时。冷却后,添加水和二氯甲烷,并且在震荡后弃去有机相。使用盐酸将水相酸化,并且使用二氯甲烷萃取经沉淀的P54两次。在硫酸镁上干燥有机相的组合,减压浓缩以提供P54型的酸。
4-二茂铁基-5,5-双-(4-羟基苯基)-4-戊烯酸,P54。
产率:96%。1H NMR(丙酮D6):δ2.46(t,J=8.2Hz,2H,CH2),2.97(t,J=8.2Hz,2H,CH2),3.03(s宽带,1H,OH),4.00(t,J=1.9Hz,2H,C5H4),4.13(t,J=1.9Hz,2H,C5H4),4.18(s,5H,Cp),6.74(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,C6H4),6.86(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,C6H4),6.91(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,C6H4),7.12(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,C6H4),8.30(s,1H,OH),8.35(s,1H,OH)。13C NMR(丙酮D6):δ31.7(CH2),35.8(CH2),69.6(2CH C5H4),70.6(5CH Cp),70.7(2CH C5H4),88.9(C C5H4),116.5(2CH C6H4),116.8(2CH C6H4),131.9(2CH C6H4),132.5(2CH C6H4),134.4(C),137.4(C),137.9(C),140.9(C),157.6(2C),175.1(CO)。MS(CI,NH3)m/z:469[M+H]+,485[M+NH4]+。
1.5.制备胺、酰胺和酰亚胺衍生物
氨基化合物制备流程:
将诸如P687的氯化化合物放在压力管中,并且添加胺溶液诸如溶于甲醇的二甲胺(2当量胺)。将压力管在60℃加热24小时,然后冷却至室温,并且减压浓缩。将残留物用使用丙酮的硅胶柱层析,然后用丙酮/三乙胺10/1作为洗脱剂。减压浓缩之后,将残留物从二氯甲烷结晶。
2-二茂铁基-l,l-双-(4-羟基苯基)-5-二甲氨基-1-戊烯,P697。
产率:36%。1H NMR(DMSO D6):δ1.46-1.61(m,2H,CH2),2.02(s,6H,NMe2),2.12(t,J=8.0Hz,2H,CH2),3.46-3.54(m,2H,CH2N),3.85(t,J=1.9Hz,2H,CH C5H4),4.11(t,J=1.9Hz,2H,CH C5H4),4.14(s,5H,Cp),6.65(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,C6H4),6.74(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,C6H4),6.81(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,C6H4),7.00(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,C6H4),9.33(s宽带,2H,OH)。13CNMR(DMSO D6):δ29.1(CH2),32.9(CH2),45.9(NMe2),60.1(CH2N),68.7(2CH C5H4),69.6(2CHC5H4),69.9(5CH Cp),87.9(C C5H4),116.0(2X 2CH C6H4),130.9(2CH C6H4),131.3(2CHC6H4),134.7(C),136.3(C),136.6(C),138.8(C),156.5(C),156.6(C)。MS(CI,NH3)m/z:482[M+H]+。HRMS(ESI,C29H31FeNO2:[M]+)理论值:481.1704,实测值:481.1689。
制备酰亚胺化合物的流程:
将诸如P687的氯化化合物与碳酸钾(2当量)、苯邻二甲酰亚胺(2当量)和DMF的混合物一起加热过夜(10mL/mmol P687)。冷却后,将混合物倒入含有2当量氢氧化钠的水和二乙醚中。然后,震荡所述混合物并倒出。用二乙醚萃取水相。有机相的组合在硫酸镁上干燥、减压浓缩,并在硅胶柱上层析,使用环己烷/乙酸乙酯的混合物作为洗脱剂以提供酰亚胺。
N-{4-二茂铁基-5,5-双-(4-羟基苯基)-4-戊烯基}苯邻二甲酰亚胺,P686。
产率:83%。1H NMR(丙酮D6):δ1.83-1.97(m,2H,CH2),2.71(t,J=8.3Hz,2H,CH2),3.62(t,J=6.8Hz,2H,CH2N),3.92(t,J=1.9Hz,2H,CH C5H4),4.07(t,J=1.9Hz,2H,CHC5H4),4.10(s,5H,Cp),6.70(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,H芳烃),6.72(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,H芳烃),6.89(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,H芳烃),7.02(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,H芳烃),7.88(s,4H,苯邻二甲酰亚胺),8.14(s,1H,OH),8.26(s,1H,OH)。13C NMR(丙酮D6):δ30.6(CH2),33.8(CH2),39.2(CH2),69.4(2CHC5H4),70.6(5CH Cp),70.7(2CH C5H4),89.1(C C5H4),116.4(2CH C6H4),116.5(2CH C6H4),124.4(2CH苯邻二甲酰亚胺),131.8(2CH C6H4),132.5(2CH C6H4),133.8(2C苯邻二甲酰亚胺),135.0(C),135.7(2CH苯邻二甲酰亚胺),137.4(C),138.0(C),138.3(C),140.5(C),157.4(C),157.5(C),169.6(2CO)。IR(KBr,v cm-1):3429(OH),3085,2944,2874(CH,CH2),1700(CO)。MS(CI,NH3)m/z:584[M+H]+,601[M+NH4]+。HRMS(ESI,C35H29FeNO4:[M]+)理论值:583.1446,实测值:583.1466。
N-{5-二茂铁基-6,6-双-(4-羟基苯基)-5-己烯基}苯邻二甲酰亚胺,P720。
产率:94%。1H NMR(丙酮D6):δ1.50-1.73(m,4H,CH2-CH2),2.72(t,J=7.6Hz,2H,CH2-C=C),3.60(t,J=6.9Hz,2H,CH2N),3.94(t,J=1.9Hz,2H,H C5H4),4.07(t,J=1.9Hz,2H,H C5H4),4.15(s,5H,H Cp),6.72(d,J=8.5Hz,2H,H C6H4),6.73(d,J=8.5Hz,2H,HC6H4),6.72(d,J=8.5Hz,2H,H C6H4),6.87(d,J=8.5Hz,2H,H C6H4),7.02(d,J=8.5Hz,2H,H C6H4),7.88(s,4H,Hphth),8.27(s,1H,OH),8.28(s,1H,OH)。13C NMR(丙酮D6):δ28.2(CH2),28.9(CH2),34.6(CH2),38.0(CH2),68.3(2CH C5H4),69.5(5CH Cp),69.7(2CH C5H4),88.2(C C5H4),115.4(2CH C6H4),115.5(2CH C6H4),123.3(2CHphth),130.9(2CH C6H4),131.4(2CH C6H4),132.8(2C),134.6(2CHphth+C),136.7(C),137.1(C),139.1(C),156.3(C),156.4(C),168.4(2CO)。IR(KBr,v cm-1):3431(OH),3096,3028,2939(CH,CH2),1700(CO)。MS(EI,70eV)m z:597[M]+,532[M-Cp]+,382,343。HRMS(ESI,C36H31FeNO4:[M]+)理论值:597.1602,实测值:597.1617。
N-{4-二茂铁基-5,5-双-(4-羟基苯基)-4-戊烯基}琥珀酰亚胺,P722。
产率:54%。1H NMR(丙酮D6):δ1.70-1.81(m,2H,CH2),2.56-2.64(m,6H,2CH2琥珀酸+CH2-C=C),3.38(t,J=6.6Hz,2H,CH2N),3.95(t,J=1.9Hz,2H,H C5H4),4.10(t,J=1.9Hz,2H,H C5H4),4.16(s,5H,H Cp),6.74(d,J=8.6Hz,2H,H C6H4),6.85(d,J=8.6Hz,2H,HC6H4),6.91(d,J=8.6Hz,2H,H C6H4),7.04(d,J=8.6Hz,2H,H C6H4),8.25(s,1H,OH),8.36(s,1H,OH)。13C NMR(丙酮D6):δ29.4(2CH2琥珀酸),30.8(CH2),33.8(CH2),39.7(CH2),69.5(2CHC5H4),70.7(5CH Cp+2CH C5H4),88.8(C C5H4),116.5(2CH C6H4),116.6(2CH C6H4),132.0(2CH C6H4),132.4(2CH C6H4),135.3(C),137.7(C),137.9(C),140.2(C),157.3(C),157.5(C),178.6(2CO)。IR(KBr,v cm-1):3421(OH),3096,2967,2936(CH,CH2),1697(CO)。MS(ESI)m/z:535[M]+,342,279,224,143,83。HRMS(ESI,C31H29FeNO4:[M]+)理论值:535.1446,实测值:535.1460。
N-{5-二茂铁基-6,6-双-(4-羟基苯基)-5-己烯基}琥珀酰亚胺,P723。
产率:58%。1H NMR(丙酮D6):δ1.42-1.54(m,4H,CH2-CH2),2.66-2.71(m,6H,2CH2琥珀酸+CH2-C=C),3.35(t,J=6.6Hz,2H,CH2N),3.95(t,J=1.9Hz,2H,H C5H4),4.10(t,J=1.9Hz,2H,H C5H4),4.17(s,5H,HCp),6.73(d,J=8.6Hz,2H,H C6H4),6.84(d,J=8.6Hz,2H,H C6H4),6.89(d,J=8.6Hz,2H,H C6H4),7.08(d,J=8.6Hz,2H,H C6H4),8.25(s,1H,OH),8.30(s,1H,OH)。13C NMR(丙酮D6):δ28.1(2CH2),28.3(2CH2),34.6(CH2),38.4(CH2),68.3(2CH C5H4),69.5(5CH Cp),69.7(2CH C5H4),88.2(C C5H4),115.4(2CH C6H4),115.5(2CHC6H4),130.9(2CH C6H4),131.4(2CH C6H4),134.6(C),136.7(C),137.0(C),139.0(C),156.3(C),156.4(C),177.7(2CO)。IR(KBr,v cm-1):3393(OH),3096,3023,2940,2879(CH,CH2),1681(CO)。MS(EI,70eV)m/z:549[M]+。484[M-Cp]+,442,382,343,286,186。
1.6.羟基酰胺和烷醇酰胺衍生物的制备
流程:
在5-15℃将诸如P686的酰亚胺溶解在甲醇中,然后分批添加硼氢化钠直至所有的酰亚胺消失(由TLC控制)。将混合物倒入碳酸氢钠水溶液并且用二氯甲烷萃取混合物两次。将有机相的组合在硫酸镁上干燥,然后减压浓缩以提供羟基酰胺。
如果将盐酸添加到含有P721的混合物中,并且将混合物倒入水中,而不是将混合物直接倒入碳酸氢钠水溶液中,仅获得含甲氧基化合物P727。
2,3-二氢-3-羟基-2-[4-二茂铁基-5,5-双-(4-羟基苯基)-4-戊烯]-lH-异吲哚啉-l-酮,P710。
产率:92%。1H NMR(丙酮D6):δ1.85-1.98(m,2H,CH2),2.62-2.83(m,2H,CH2-C=C),3.29-3.38(m,1H,CH2N),3.67-3.81(m,1H,CH2N),3.82-3.86(m,1H,H C5H4),4.03-4.06(m,1H,H C5H4),4.06-4.15(m,7H,H Cp+H C5H4),5.35(d,J=4.7Hz,1H,OH),5.53(d,J=4.7Hz,1H,CH),6.72(d,J=8.6Hz,2H,H C6H4),6.75(d,J=8.6Hz,2H,H C6H4),6.89(d,J=8.6Hz,2H,H C6H4),7.06(d,J=8.6Hz,2H,H C6H4),7.53-7.71(m,4H,H phth),8.28(s,1H,OH),8.29(s,1H,OH)。13C NMR(丙酮D6):δ29.3(CH2),32.9(CH2),39.1(CH2),68.3(CH C5H4),68.4(CH C5H4),69.6(5CH Cp+1CH C5H4),69.8(CH C5H4),81.2(CH-OH),88.2(C C5H4),115.5(2CH C6H4),115.6(2CH C6H4),122.9(CH phth),124.0(CH phth),129.8(CH phth),131.0(2CH C6H4),131.5(2CH C6H4),132.2(CH phth),134.4(C),136.6(C),137.0(C),139.0(2C),145.6(C),156.7(C),156.8(C),167.2(CO)。IR(KBr,v cm-1):3406(OH),2956,2927,2868(CH,CH2),1665(CO)。MS(EI,70eV)m/z:585[M]+,520[M-Cp]+,502[M-Cp-H2O]+,474,369,341,146。HRMS(ESI,C35H31FeNO4:[M]+)理论值:585.1602,实测值:585.1623。
2,3-二氢-3-羟基-2-[5-二茂铁基-6,6-双-(4-羟基苯基)-5-己烯]-lH-异吲哚啉-l-酮,P721。
产率:72%。1H NMR(丙酮D6):δ1.52-1.75(m,4H,CH2-CH2),2.74(t,J=7.6Hz,2H,CH2-C=C),3.31-3.40(m,1H,CH2N),3.64-3.65(m,1H,CH2N),3.90-3.95(m,1H,H C5H4),3.95-4.00(m,1H,H C5H4),4.03-4.09(m,2H,H C5H4),4.16(s,5H,H Cp),5.47(d,J=4.7Hz,1H,OH),5.87(d,J=4.7Hz,1H,CH),6.73(d,J=8.5Hz,2H,H C6H4),6.79(d,J=8.5Hz,2H,HC6H4),6.89(d,J=8.5Hz,2H,H C6H4),7.06(d,J=8.5Hz,2H,H C6H4),7.53-7.72(m,4H,Hphth),8.31(s,1H,OH),8.34(s,1H,OH)。13C NMR(丙酮D6):δ28.8(CH2),29.0(CH2),34.9(CH2),39.1(CH2),68.3(2CH C5H4),69.5(5CH Cp),69.7(2CH C5H4),81.6(CH-OH),88.1(CC5H4),115.4(2CH C6H4),115.5(2CH C6H4),122.9(CH phth),123.9(CH phth),129.8(CHphth),130.9(2CH C6H4),131.4(2CH C6H4),132.2(CH phth),132.9(C),134.8(C),136.8(C),137.1(C),138.9(C),145.5(C),156.3(C),156.4(C),166.8(CO)。IR(KBr,v cm-1):3434(OH),3023,2933,2858(CH,CH2),1672(CO)。MS(EI,70eV)m/z:599[M]+,534[M-Cp]+,516[M-Cp-H2O]+,490,383,343。HRMS(ESI,C36H33FeNO4:[M]+)理论值:599.1759,实测值:599.1775。
2,3-二氢-3-甲氧基-2-[5-二茂铁基-6,6-双-(4-羟基苯基)-5-己烯]-lH-异吲哚啉-l-酮,P727。
产率:67%。1H NMR(丙酮D6):δ1.52-1.68(m,4H,2CH2);2.74(t,J=7.6Hz,2H,CH2C=C);2.91(s,3H,CH3),3.09-3.23(m,1H,CH2N);3.61-3.74(m,1H,CH2N);3.91-3.95(m,1H,Hcp);3.95-3.99(m,1H,Hcp);4.04-4.10(m,2H,Hcp);4.16(s,5H,H Cp);5.87(s,1H,CH);6.72(d,J=8.6Hz,2H,C6H4);6.78(d,J=8.6Hz,2H,C6H4);6.89(d,J=8.6Hz,2H,C6H4);7.05(d,J=8.6Hz,2H,C6H4);7.59-7.78(m,4H,Hphth);8.23(s,1H,OH);8.26(s,1H,OH)。13C NMR(丙酮D6):δ27.2(CH2);28.5(CH2);34.8(CH2);39.6(CH2);49.4(OCH3);68.3(2CH C5H4);69.5(5CH Cp);69.7(2CH C5H4);86.7(CH-O);88.1(C C5H4);115.4(2CH C6H4);115.5(2CHC6H4);123.2(CHphth);124.1(CHphth);130.3(CHphth);130.9(2CH C6H4);131.4(2CHC6H4);132.4(CHphth);133.8(C),134.8(C);136.7(C);137.0(C);138.9(C);141.5(C);156.2(C),156.3(C);167.2(CO)。IR(KBr,v cm-1):3419(OH),3091,3019,2934,2868(CH,CH2),1680(CO)。MS(EI,70eV)m/z:613[M]+,548[M-Cp]+,516[M-Cp-MeOH]+,343。HRMS(ESI,C37H35FeNO4:[M]+)理论值:613.1915,实测值:613.1943.
实例2:本发明的化合物对于各种癌细胞系的抗增殖效果
如下文所述,对于MDA-MB-231细胞(非-激素依赖性乳腺癌细胞)、对于PC3细胞(非-激素依赖性前列腺癌细胞)、对于Mia-PaCa细胞(胰腺癌细胞)和对于HepG2细胞(肝细胞性肝癌细胞)测试本发明化合物的抗增殖效果。
细胞培养和细胞增殖检测。MDA-MB-231和PC3细胞系从ATCC获得,并且Mia-PaCa和HepG2细胞系从ACACC获得。细胞在添加了10%胎牛血清的RPMI培养基中,在青霉素、链霉素和两性霉素存在下在5%CO2下生长于75cm2的长颈瓶中。将细胞培养在96孔组织培养板中的200μl培养基中,并且于24小时之后借助Biomek 3000设备(Beckman-Coulter)用溶于DMSO中的2μl化合物储液处理细胞。对照接受相同体积的DMSO(1%终浓度)。曝露72小时后,添加MTS试剂(Promega)并在37℃孵育3小时:监测490nm的吸光度,并且结果表达为在三次重复实验中以比值(1-(OD490处理/OD490对照))x 100计算的细胞增殖抑制性。为了确定IC50(50%细胞增殖抑制性),依据相同的流程在分离的重复实验中将细胞用浓度从5nM至100μΜ变化的化合物孵育细胞72小时。
结果。所获得结果呈现于下述表1和表2中,并且阐明了本发明化合物对于各种癌细胞系的抗增殖特性。
表1
表2
癌细胞系 | P53的IC50(μM) |
MDA-MB-231 | 0.065 |
PC3 | 4.43 |
Mia-PaCa | 1.23 |
HepG2 | 0.07 |
如下述表3所示,对于MDA-MB-231细胞系进行的比较本发明的化合物和未取代类似物的比较研究表明,本发明的化合物比未取代类似物显示更强的细胞毒性。
表3
如下述表4所示,对于MDA-MB-231细胞系进行的比较本发明的化合物和氯化类似物的比较研究表明,本发明的化合物比氯化类似物显示更强的细胞毒性。
Claims (16)
1.一种下式(I)的化合物:
或者其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物、立体异构体或任意比例的立体异构体混合物,特别是对映异构体混合物,和更特别的是外消旋混合物,或者水溶性衍生物,
其中:
-M为Fe、Ru或Os,
-n为包括在1和8之间,特别是2和6之间的整数,
-R1和R2相互独立地为H、CF3、CN、OR4或NR5R6,和
-R3为CO2R7、OR8或NR9R10,
其中:
-R4为H、(C1-C6)烷基、-CO-(C1-C6)烷基或-(CH2)mNR11R12,
-R5、R6、R11和R12相互独立地为H、(C1-C6)烷基或-CO-(C1-C6)烷基,
-R7为H或(C1-C6)烷基,
-R8为H、(C1-C6)烷基或-CO-(C1-C6)烷基,
-R9和R10相互独立地为H、(C1-C6)烷基或-CO-(C1-C6)烷基,或者
R9和R10与带有他们的氮原子一起形成下式的环:
其中:
○表示单键或双键,
○X1和X2相互独立地为C=O、SO2、CH-OR19、CH-SR20、CH-NR21R22或CH-NHC(O)R23,
○R13和R14相互独立地为H或(C1-C6)烷基,或者
R13和R14与带有他们的碳原子一起形成5-或6-元烃环,
○R19、R20、R21和R22相互独立地为H或(C1-C6)烷基,
和
○R23为(C1-C6)烷基基团,和
-m为包括在1和8之间的整数。
2.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中它具有下式(Ia):
3.根据权利要求1和2中任意权利要求所述的化合物,其中M为Fe。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任意权利要求所述的化合物,其中Rl和R2相互独立地为H、OR4或NR5R6。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任意权利要求所述的化合物,其中Rl和R2中的一个为OR4并且另一个为H或OR4。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任意权利要求所述的化合物,其中R3为CO2R7、OR8或者NR9R10,其中:
-R7为(C1-C6)烷基基团,
-R8为H,和
-R9和R10中的至少一个相互独立地为-CO-(C1-C6)烷基,或者R9和R10与带有他们的氮原子一起形成下式的环:
其中R13和R14如权利要求1中所定义,并且X1和X2中至少一个为C=O。
7.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中它选自下列化合物:
和其药学上可接受的盐和溶剂化物。
8.根据权利要求1-7中任意权利要求所述的化合物,其用作药物。
9.根据权利要求1-7中任意权利要求所述的化合物,其用于治疗癌症。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的用于用途的化合物,其中,单独使用它或者将它同时、分别或依次地与电离辐射或非电离辐射,或者与至少一种额外的活性组分组合使用,所述活性组分有利地选自:6-巯基嘌呤、氟达拉滨、克拉屈滨、喷司他丁、阿糖胞苷、5-氟尿嘧啶、吉西他滨、甲氨蝶呤、雷替曲塞、伊立替康、托泊替康、依托泊苷、柔红霉素、多柔比星、表柔比星、伊达比星、吡柔比星、米托蒽醌、氮芥、环磷酰胺、异环磷酰胺、美法仑、苯丁酸氮芥、白消安、卡莫司汀、福莫司汀、链脲菌素、卡铂、顺铂、奥沙利铂、甲基苄肼、达卡巴嗪、博来霉素、长春碱、长春新碱、长春地辛、长春瑞滨、紫杉醇、多西他赛、L-天冬酰胺酶、氟他胺、尼鲁米特、比卡鲁胺、乙酸环丙孕酮、曲普瑞林、亮丙瑞林、戈舍瑞林、布舍瑞林、福美坦、氨鲁米特、阿那曲唑、来曲唑、他莫昔芬、奥曲肽和兰乐肽。
11.一种药物组合物,其包括至少一种根据权利要求1至7中任意权利要求所述的化合物,与至少一种药学上可接受的赋形剂组合。
12.根据权利要求11所述的药物组合物,其中它进一步包括至少一种额外的活性组分,所述额外的活性组分有利地选自:6-巯基嘌呤、氟达拉滨、克拉屈滨、喷司他丁、阿糖胞苷、5-氟尿嘧啶、吉西他滨、甲氨蝶呤、雷替曲塞、伊立替康、托泊替康、依托泊苷、柔红霉素、多柔比星、表柔比星、伊达比星、吡柔比星、米托蒽醌、氮芥、环磷酰胺、异环磷酰胺、美法仑、苯丁酸氮芥、白消安、卡莫司汀、福莫司汀、链脲菌素、卡铂、顺铂、奥沙利铂、甲基苄肼、达卡巴嗪、博来霉素、长春碱、长春新碱、长春地辛、长春瑞滨、紫杉醇、多西他赛、L-天冬酰胺酶、氟他胺、尼鲁米特、比卡鲁胺、乙酸环丙孕酮、曲普瑞林、亮丙瑞林、戈舍瑞林、布舍瑞林、福美坦、氨鲁米特、阿那曲唑、来曲唑、他莫昔芬、奥曲肽和兰乐肽。
13.一种用于制备根据权利要求1至7中任意权利要求所述的式(I)化合物的方法,其中R3为CO2-(C1-C6)烷基或OR8,其中R8≠H,所述方法包括下述步骤:
(i)下式(II)的化合物:
其中M和n如权利要求1中所定义,并且R3如上所定义,
和下式(III)的化合物之间进行麦克默里反应(McMurry coupling):
其中R1和R2如权利要求1中所定义,
以产生如上所定义的式(I)化合物,并且
(ii)任选将步骤(i)中获得的式(I)化合物成盐或者溶剂化,以产生其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物。
14.一种用于制备根据权利要求1至7中任意权利要求所述的式(I)化合物的方法,其中R3为OR8,所述方法包括下述步骤:
(a)还原下式(1b)的化合物:
其中M、n、R1和R2如权利要求1中所定义,并且Alk为-(C1-C6)烷基,
以产生式(I)的化合物,其中R3是OH,
(b)任选地取代步骤(a)中获得的化合物,以产生式(I)的化合物,
其中R3为OR8,R8≠H,并且
(c)任选将步骤(a)或者(b)中获得的式(I)化合物成盐或者溶剂化,以产生其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物。
15.一种用于制备根据权利要求1至7中任意权利要求所述的式(I)化合物的方法,其中R3为COOH,所述方法包括下述步骤:
(1)将下式(Ic)的化合物进行皂化:
其中M、n、R1和R2如权利要求1中所定义,并且Alk为-(C1-C6)烷基,
以产生式(I)化合物,其中R3是COOH,并且
(2)任选将步骤(1)中获得的式(I)化合物成盐或者溶剂化,以产生其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物。
16.一种用于制备根据权利要求1至7中任意权利要求所述的式(I)化合物的方法,其中R3为NR9R10,所述方法包括下述步骤:
(A)使下式(Id)的化合物:
其中M、n、R1和R2如权利要求1中所定义,并且Ha1为卤素原子,与式NR9R10化合物反应,
以产生式(I)化合物,其中R3是NR9R10,并且
(B)任选将步骤(A)中获得的式(I)化合物成盐或者溶剂化,以产生其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物。
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PCT/EP2014/073308 WO2015063201A1 (en) | 2013-10-30 | 2014-10-30 | Metallocene derivatives with anticancer activity |
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US5863911A (en) * | 1994-10-12 | 1999-01-26 | Modelisation Et Mise Au Point De Molecules Medicinales | Diarylethylene metallocene derivatives, their processes of preparation and pharmaceutical compositions containing said derivatives |
WO2006005856A1 (fr) * | 2004-07-08 | 2006-01-19 | Chastenet, Bertrand | Utilisation de derives organometalliques de polyphenols ethylene pour le traitement d'un cancer non hormono-dependent |
WO2010000793A1 (fr) * | 2008-07-03 | 2010-01-07 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique (Cnrs) | Dérives ferroceniques a activite anticancereuse |
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2013
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US5863911A (en) * | 1994-10-12 | 1999-01-26 | Modelisation Et Mise Au Point De Molecules Medicinales | Diarylethylene metallocene derivatives, their processes of preparation and pharmaceutical compositions containing said derivatives |
WO2006005856A1 (fr) * | 2004-07-08 | 2006-01-19 | Chastenet, Bertrand | Utilisation de derives organometalliques de polyphenols ethylene pour le traitement d'un cancer non hormono-dependent |
WO2010000793A1 (fr) * | 2008-07-03 | 2010-01-07 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique (Cnrs) | Dérives ferroceniques a activite anticancereuse |
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AU2014343754B2 (en) | 2019-10-10 |
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CN105980394B (zh) | 2018-10-16 |
EP3063158A1 (en) | 2016-09-07 |
EP2868664A1 (en) | 2015-05-06 |
US9758541B2 (en) | 2017-09-12 |
PL3063158T3 (pl) | 2018-08-31 |
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US20170166600A1 (en) | 2017-06-15 |
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