WO2012165262A1 - ベンジルアミン誘導体 - Google Patents
ベンジルアミン誘導体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012165262A1 WO2012165262A1 PCT/JP2012/063213 JP2012063213W WO2012165262A1 WO 2012165262 A1 WO2012165262 A1 WO 2012165262A1 JP 2012063213 W JP2012063213 W JP 2012063213W WO 2012165262 A1 WO2012165262 A1 WO 2012165262A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/16—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids
- A61K31/165—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids having aromatic rings, e.g. colchicine, atenolol, progabide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C233/00—Carboxylic acid amides
- C07C233/01—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C233/45—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by carboxyl groups
- C07C233/46—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by carboxyl groups with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by an acyclic carbon atom
- C07C233/51—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by carboxyl groups with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by an acyclic carbon atom having the carbon atom of the carboxamide group bound to an acyclic carbon atom of a carbon skeleton containing six-membered aromatic rings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
- A61P35/02—Antineoplastic agents specific for leukemia
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C233/00—Carboxylic acid amides
- C07C233/01—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C233/30—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by doubly-bound oxygen atoms
- C07C233/31—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by doubly-bound oxygen atoms with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by an acyclic carbon atom
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C259/00—Compounds containing carboxyl groups, an oxygen atom of a carboxyl group being replaced by a nitrogen atom, this nitrogen atom being further bound to an oxygen atom and not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
- C07C259/04—Compounds containing carboxyl groups, an oxygen atom of a carboxyl group being replaced by a nitrogen atom, this nitrogen atom being further bound to an oxygen atom and not being part of nitro or nitroso groups without replacement of the other oxygen atom of the carboxyl group, e.g. hydroxamic acids
- C07C259/06—Compounds containing carboxyl groups, an oxygen atom of a carboxyl group being replaced by a nitrogen atom, this nitrogen atom being further bound to an oxygen atom and not being part of nitro or nitroso groups without replacement of the other oxygen atom of the carboxyl group, e.g. hydroxamic acids having carbon atoms of hydroxamic groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
Definitions
- the present invention is effective for blood cancer and a novel benzylamine derivative, a medicament comprising the benzylamine derivative, a blood cancer therapeutic agent comprising the benzylamine derivative, and the benzylamine for treating blood cancer
- a novel benzylamine derivative a medicament comprising the benzylamine derivative, a blood cancer therapeutic agent comprising the benzylamine derivative, and the benzylamine for treating blood cancer
- Blood cancer is a disease in which cells contained in blood become cancerous, and is classified according to the type of cancerous cells. It is roughly classified into three types: leukemia in which hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow become cancerous, malignant lymphoma in which lymphocytes become cancerous, and multiple myeloma in which plasma cells in the bone marrow become cancerous.
- melphalan and prednisolone combination therapy (MP therapy) or cyclophosphamide and prednisolone combination therapy (CP therapy) are used as chemotherapy, but they are difficult to cure, so new treatments such as thalidomide Drugs are being developed.
- anticancer drugs By the way, conventionally, various compounds have been developed as development candidates as anticancer drugs.
- examples of the anticancer drug having a benzylamine structure include those described in Patent Document 1.
- the present invention provides a novel compound that is effective in the treatment of blood cancer, particularly multiple myeloma, and is also effective in suppressing SP cells (Side Population Cell) that cause cancer recurrence.
- SP cells Side Population Cell
- the inventors of the present invention have made extensive studies to solve the above problems. As a result, the inventors have found that a novel compound having a specific benzylamine structure exhibits selective cytotoxicity against hematological cancer cells, and is particularly effective against SP cells, thereby completing the present invention.
- the benzylamine derivative according to the present invention is represented by the following formula (I).
- X represents a carbonyl group (—C ( ⁇ O) —), an oxycarbonyl group (—C ( ⁇ O) O—), a sulfoxide group (—S ( ⁇ O) —) or a sulfonyl group (—S ( ⁇ O)).
- Y represents a carbonyl group or —CH (OR 5 ) —;
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom, a C 1-6 alkyl group or a benzyl group;
- R 2 represents a C 1-6 alkyl group, a C 2-6 alkenyl group, a C 2-6 alkynyl group, or a phenyl group which may have a substituent ⁇ ;
- R 3 represents a C 1-6 alkyl group which may have a substituent ⁇ ;
- R 4 represents a hydrogen atom, an amino group, a hydroxyamino group, a C 1-6 alkoxyamino group, a carboxy group or a (C 1-6 alkoxy) carbonyl group;
- R 5 represents a hydrogen atom, a C 1-7 alkanoyl group or a tri (C 1-6 alkyl) silano group;
- the substituent ⁇ represents one or more groups selected from the group consisting of a C 1-6 alkyl
- methyl group ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, t-butyl group, n-pentyl group, n-hexyl group and the like.
- a C 1-4 alkyl group is preferred, a C 1-2 alkyl group is more preferred, and a methyl group is most preferred.
- the “C 2-6 alkenyl group” refers to a linear or branched unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms and having at least one carbon-carbon double bond. Examples include ethenyl group, 1-propenyl group, 2-propenyl group (allyl group), isopropenyl group, 2-butenyl group, 3-butenyl group, isobutenyl group, pentenyl group, hexenyl group and the like. A C 2-4 alkenyl group is preferable, and a 2-propenyl group (allyl group) is more preferable.
- C 2-6 alkynyl group refers to a linear or branched unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms and having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond.
- ethynyl group 1-propynyl group, 2-propynyl group, 2-butynyl group, 3-butynyl group, pentynyl group, hexynyl group and the like.
- a C 2-4 alkynyl group is preferable, and a C 2-3 alkynyl group is more preferable.
- Examples of the “amino group” include —NH 2 group, mono (C 1-6 alkyl) amino group and di (C 1-6 alkyl) amino group. More specifically, examples of the mono (C 1-6 alkyl) amino group include a methylamino group, an ethylamino group, an isopropylamino group, a t-butylamino group, an n-pentylamino group, and an n-hexylamino group. Etc.
- the two C 1-6 alkyl groups in the di (C 1-6 alkyl) amino group may be the same as or different from each other.
- di (C 1-6 alkyl) amino group examples include dimethylamino group, diethylamino group, diisopropylamino group, t-butylmethylamino group, t-butylethylamino group, di (t-butyl) amino group, (N-pentyl) amino group, di (n-hexyl) amino group and the like can be mentioned.
- hydroxyamino group examples include —NHOH group and N— (C 1-6 alkyl) hydroxyamino group. More specifically, N- (C 1-6 alkyl) hydroxyamino groups include, for example, N-methylhydroxyamino group, N-ethylhydroxyamino group, N-isopropylhydroxyamino group, Nt-butylhydroxy group. An amino group, an Nn-pentylhydroxyamino group, an Nn-hexylhydroxyamino group, and the like can be given.
- C 1-6 alkoxyamino group examples include —N (C 1-6 alkoxy) H group and (C 1-6 alkyl) (C 1-6 alkoxy) amino group. More specifically, examples of the —N (C 1-6 alkoxy) H group include a methoxyamino group, an ethoxyamino group, an isopropoxyamino group, and a t-butoxyamino group.
- (C 1-6 alkyl) (C 1-6 alkoxy) amino group includes, for example, methoxymethylamino group, methoxyethylamino group, ethoxymethylamino group, ethoxyethylamino group, isopropoxymethylamino group, t-butoxy Examples thereof include a methylamino group.
- C 1-6 alkoxy group refers to a C 1-6 alkyloxy group.
- a C 1-4 alkoxy group is preferred, a C 1-2 alkoxy group is more preferred, and a methoxy group is still more preferred.
- (C 1-6 alkoxy) carbonyl refers to a C 1-6 alkyloxycarbonyl group.
- a (C 1-4 alkoxy) carbonyl group is preferred, a (C 1-2 alkoxy) carbonyl group is more preferred, and a methoxycarbonyl group is more preferred.
- C 1-7 alkanoyl group refers to a formyl group and a C 1-6 alkylcarbonyl group.
- a C 1-4 alkanoyl group is preferable, a C 1-3 alkanoyl group is more preferable, and an acetyl group is more preferable.
- tri (C 1-6 alkyl) silano group examples include a trimethylsilano group, a triethylsilano group, a triisopropylsilano group, a dimethylisopropylsilano group, a diethylisopropylsilano group, and a t-butyldimethylsilano group.
- it is a tri (C 1-4 alkyl) silano group, more preferably a tri (C 1-2 alkyl) silano group.
- Halogen atom includes fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom and iodine atom, preferably chlorine atom or bromine atom.
- the number of substitutions is 1 or more, 5 or less, 4 or less is preferable, 3 or less is more preferable, and 2 or less is more preferable.
- R 3 When the alkyl group as R 3 has a substituent ⁇ , the number of substitutions depends on the carbon number of the alkyl group, the type of the substituent ⁇ , etc., but is usually 1 or more and 5 or less, preferably 4 or less, 3 or less is more preferable, and 2 or less is more preferable.
- R 3 is preferably a benzyloxy (C 1-6 alkyl) group, more preferably a benzyloxy (C 1-4 alkyl) group, and even more preferably a benzyloxy (C 1-2 alkyl) group.
- the substituents may be the same as or different from each other.
- the benzylamine derivative (I) according to the present invention may have one or more asymmetric centers, in which case optical isomers exist.
- the present invention includes both these mixtures and separate individual isomers.
- the benzylamine derivative (I) according to the present invention can be converted into a salt by a conventional method.
- Suitable salts of the benzylamine derivative (I) are pharmaceutically acceptable known non-toxic salts, for example, inorganic acid salts such as hydrochloride, hydrobromide, sulfate, phosphate, etc .; acetate, malon Acids, tartrate, maleate, methanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, formate, toluenesulfonate, trifluoroacetate and other organic acid salts; alginate, aspartate, glutamate, etc.
- inorganic acid salts such as hydrochloride, hydrobromide, sulfate, phosphate, etc .
- alkali metal salts such as sodium salts and potassium salts
- alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium salts and magnesium salts
- ammonium salts organic base salts such as trimethylamine salts, triethylamine salts, pyridine salts, picoline salts and dicyclohexylamine salts Can be mentioned.
- Preferred examples of the benzylamine derivative (I) according to the present invention include the following.
- Benzylamine derivative where n is 2 or more is Benzylamine derivative where n is 2 or more.
- a benzylamine derivative in which R 2 is a C 2-6 alkenyl group is a benzylamine derivative in which R 2 is a C 2-6 alkenyl group.
- a benzylamine derivative in which R 3 is a benzyloxymethyl group is a benzylamine derivative in which R 3 is a benzyloxymethyl group.
- the pharmaceutical and hematological cancer therapeutic agent according to the present invention are characterized by comprising the above benzylamine derivative (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- the benzylamine derivative (I) according to the present invention is an active ingredient of the above-mentioned medicine and blood cancer therapeutic agent, and is used for treating blood cancer.
- the method for treating blood cancer according to the present invention is characterized by comprising a step of administering the benzylamine derivative (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- the benzylamine derivative according to the present invention exhibits selective cytotoxicity against hematological cancer cells, particularly multiple myeloma cells. More specifically, it does not show cytotoxicity to normal cells as well as general epithelial cancers. Furthermore, the benzylamine derivative according to the present invention is also effective in suppressing SP cells (Side Population Cell) that cause cancer recurrence. Therefore, the benzylamine derivative according to the present invention is very useful as a safer drug or a hematological cancer therapeutic agent, unlike a conventional anticancer drug having low selectivity and harmful to normal cells.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the anti-cancer activity of benzylamine derivative according to the present invention and melphalan generally used as a therapeutic agent for multiple myeloma against human multiple myeloma cells.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing cytotoxicity of the benzylamine derivative according to the present invention to various types of cancer cells and normal cells.
- FIG. 3 shows (1) a photograph of human multiple myeloma cells treated with the benzylamine derivative according to the present invention, stained with Hoechst 33258, which is a nuclear stain, and (2) Annexin V, which is a marker of apoptosis. It is the photograph at the time of dyeing
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the anti-cancer activity of benzylamine derivative according to the present invention and melphalan generally used as a therapeutic agent for multiple myeloma against human multiple myeloma cells.
- FIG. 4 shows (1) when only a solvent is allowed to act as a negative control, (2) when melphalan is allowed to act as a positive target, and (3) benzyl according to the present invention. It is a flow cytometry result at the time of making an amine derivative act.
- FIG. 5 shows colony formation in a methylcellulose medium when (1) the solvent alone is allowed to act on human multiple myeloma cells and (2) the benzylamine derivative according to the present invention is allowed to act. It is a photograph showing the situation.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the anticancer activity of the benzylamine derivative according to the present invention against human multiple myeloma cells, human acute myeloid leukemia cells and human promyelocytic leukemia cells.
- melphalan which is generally used as a therapeutic agent for multiple myeloma, against human multiple myeloma cells, human acute myeloid leukemia cells and human promyelocytic leukemia cells. It is a graph to show.
- the benzylamine derivative according to the present invention can be synthesized, for example, according to the following scheme.
- each group is as defined above]
- a compound having a reactive group that inhibits each reaction may be appropriately protected or deprotected.
- the types of protecting groups and reaction conditions in such a protection reaction or deprotection step are described in “PROTECTIVE GROUPS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS Second Edition” W. Green and P. G. M. Wuts, John Wiley & Sons, INC. (Incorporated herein by reference).
- compound (IV) is synthesized by reacting benzaldehyde compound (II) with amine compound (III). Such a reaction is known as reductive amination.
- the benzaldehyde compound (II) has a simple chemical structure. Therefore, if it is commercially available, it can be used, and those skilled in the art can easily synthesize it from known compounds.
- the amine compound (III) is described in Hart, S .; A. Org. It can be synthesized from a serine derivative or the like by the method described in Lett, Vol. 3, pages 1789 to 1791 (2001) (incorporated into the present application for reference) or a method analogous thereto.
- the above reaction is performed, for example, by dissolving amine compound (III) in a solvent, adding benzaldehyde compound (II) to the solution to make a Schiff base, and further adding a reducing agent.
- the solvent that can be used in the above reaction is not particularly limited as long as it can dissolve the raw material compound moderately and does not inhibit the reaction.
- halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, chloroform, etc.
- Alcohols such as methanol and ethanol; ethers such as diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene and toluene; amides such as dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide.
- the concentration of the amine compound (III) solution may be adjusted as appropriate, and can be, for example, about 1 mg / mL or more and 20 mg / mL or less.
- the benzaldehyde compound (II) and the amine compound (III) may theoretically be used in an equimolar amount, but if one is cheaper or easier to obtain than the other, it is 1.01 moles relative to the other. As described above, it may be used in excess of about 1.2 times mole or less.
- the temperature and time of the Schiff basification reaction may be appropriately adjusted. However, since they generally proceed rapidly, they may be about 10 ° C. or more and 50 ° C. or less for about 1 minute or more and about 1 hour or less.
- the reducing agent may be added to the reaction solution as it is.
- the reducing agent include sodium borohydride, lithium aluminum hydride, diisobutylaluminum hydride, sodium cyanoborohydride, lithium borohydride, lithium triethylborohydride, borane complex, triethylsilane, nickel borohydride, Sodium triacetoxyborohydride can be used. What is necessary is just to use a reducing agent equimolar or more and about 1.2 times mole or less with the lesser number of moles of benzaldehyde compound (II) or amine compound (III).
- the temperature of the reaction solution is once lowered to 5 ° C. or less by ice cooling or the like. After the addition, the temperature is gradually raised and the reaction may be carried out at about 10 ° C. or more and 50 ° C. or less for about 5 hours or more and 50 hours or less.
- the compound (IV) can be purified by column chromatography, recrystallization or the like.
- the —X—R 2 group is introduced into the compound (IV).
- a reagent for introducing the —X—R 2 group acid chloride, acid bromide, active ester or the like of the corresponding acid (HO—X—R 2 ) can be used.
- compound (IV) may be reacted with the above reagent in the presence of a base.
- the solvent that can be used in the reaction is not particularly limited, and the same solvent as that used in the reductive amination reaction can be used.
- the reagent for introducing the —X—R 2 group is preferably used in excess relative to the compound (IV). For example, it can be used in an amount of about 1.05 times to 20 times the amount of compound (IV).
- an organic base is preferably used because the reaction is performed in an organic solvent.
- triethylamine, pyridine, diazabicycloundecene, 1,8-bis (dimethylamino) naphthalene and the like can be used.
- the amount of the base used is at least equimolar to the reagent for introducing the —X—R 2 group.
- the above compound or the like may be mixed in a solvent.
- the compound (IV) can be purified by column chromatography, recrystallization or the like.
- the target benzylamine derivative can be synthesized by a functional group conversion reaction known to those skilled in the art.
- the benzylamine derivative (I) and the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the present invention are pharmaceutically acceptable suitable for oral administration or parenteral administration with the compound as an active ingredient.
- the pharmaceutical preparation can be in the form of capsules, tablets, dragees, granules, inhalants, suppositories, solutions, lotions, dispersions, emulsions and the like. If necessary, auxiliaries, stabilizers, wetting and emulsifying agents, buffering agents and other commonly used additives may be incorporated into these preparations.
- the dose of the benzylamine derivative (I) according to the present invention effective for treatment depends on the severity, age, sex, condition, etc. of the patient, but is, for example, 0.001 mg / kg or more based on the patient's body weight
- a dose of about 500 mg / kg or less may be effective for the treatment of blood cancer.
- an amount of, for example, about 0.005 mg / kg or more and 1000 mg / kg or less can be administered per day based on the weight of the patient.
- 3-butenoic acid (0.443 g, 5.15 mmol) was dissolved in methylene chloride (2.0 mL), thionyl chloride (0.613 g, 5.15 mmol) was added at 0 ° C., and 1 at room temperature was added. Stir for hours. After the solvent and the like were distilled off under reduced pressure, the resulting residue was mixed with the above amine compound (0.200 g, 0.515 mmol) in methylene chloride (2.0 mL) and triethylamine (0.718 mL, 5. 15 mmol) was added. The reaction solution was stirred for 3 hours while gradually warming to room temperature.
- Lithium aluminum hydride (6.6 mg, 170 ⁇ mol) was added to a tetrahydrofuran solution (860 ⁇ L) of the compound obtained in Example 1 (40 mg, 88 ⁇ mol) at ⁇ 78 ° C., and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 4 hours. Then, after adding ethyl acetate and saturated ammonium chloride aqueous solution at the same temperature, it heated up to room temperature, and also added saturated citric acid aqueous solution. The reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate, and the obtained organic layer was washed with saturated brine and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate.
- Example 3 Anticancer Activity against Multiple Myeloma Cells Human multiple myeloma cell line RPMI8226 was seeded at a density of 1 ⁇ 10 4 cells / well in a 96-well plate and incubated at 37 ° C. in a 5% carbon dioxide atmosphere. Incubated overnight. Separately, the compound of Example 2 was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide and added to each well so that the final concentration of the compound was 0.5 ⁇ M, 1 ⁇ M, 2 ⁇ M, 3 ⁇ M, 12.5 ⁇ M, 25 ⁇ M, or 50 ⁇ M.
- melphalan a therapeutic agent for multiple myeloma
- melphalan a therapeutic agent for multiple myeloma
- the final concentration was 10 ⁇ M, 20 ⁇ M, 30 ⁇ M, 40 ⁇ M, or 50 ⁇ M.
- the case where only the dimethyl sulfoxide (final concentration: 0.5 v / v%) was added without adding the compound was also provided.
- FIG. 1 shows the relative absorbance when the absorbance when the compound of the present invention and melphalan are not added is taken as 100. Further, IC 50 values were determined from the results obtained.
- the compound according to the present invention exhibits anticancer activity against multiple myeloma cells at a clearly lower concentration than melphalan generally used as a therapeutic agent for multiple myeloma. It became clear to show.
- the IC 50 value of melphalan for multiple myeloma cells is 21.0 ⁇ M
- the IC 50 value of the compound of the present invention is 1.12 ⁇ M, which is the same as melphalan at a concentration of about 1/20. Showed anticancer activity.
- Example 4 Selectivity Test In Example 3, as test cells, human multiple myeloma cell lines RPMI8226 and U266, human gastric cancer cell line AZ521, human colon cancer cell line HCT116, human lung cancer cell A549, which is a strain, and mouse brain-derived astrocytes and human skin-derived fibroblasts, which are normal cells, were used in the same manner except that the final concentration of the compound of the present invention in each well was fixed at 5 ⁇ M. Cytotoxicity on the cells was tested. The results are shown in FIG. 2 as relative absorbances when the absorbance when no compound is added is 100.
- the compound of the present invention is not cytotoxic to general cancer cells such as gastric cancer cells, colon cancer cells and lung cancer cells as well as normal cells, but is a kind of blood cancer cell. It shows clear cytotoxicity against multiple myeloma cells. Thus, since the compound of the present invention exhibits selective cytotoxicity, it was proved to be very useful as a therapeutic agent for blood cancer.
- Example 5 Apoptosis activity test It was confirmed whether or not the cell death by the compound of the present invention was due to apoptosis.
- human multiple myeloma cell line RPMI8226 was incubated in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the final concentration of the compound of the present invention was fixed at 5 ⁇ M. After 24 hours, the cells were collected, stained with Hoechst 33258, a nuclear stain, and fluorescent photographs were taken using a fluorescence microscope (Zeiss). Separately, after staining with annexin V and propidium iodide, which are apoptosis markers, using an annexin V staining kit (Roche), fluorescent photographs were taken in the same manner, and a flow cytometer (Beckman Coulter, Analysis was performed using the product name “EPICS ALTRA”).
- annexin V and propidium iodide which are apoptosis markers
- FIG. 3 (1) A micrograph of the cells stained with Hoechst 33258 is shown in Fig. 3 (1), a micrograph of the cells stained with annexin V and propidium iodide is shown in Fig. 3 (2), and the flow site of the cells stained with annexin V and propidium iodide. The result of the measurement analysis is shown in FIG.
- Example 6 Anticancer activity test against SP cells
- SP cells Stem cells that can be differentiated into various tissues and cells such as hematopoietic stem cells have the property of discharging fluorescent chemicals such as Hoechst 33342 out of the cells.
- Flow cytometry analysis is performed after the cells are stained with, and when the results are two-dimensionally developed at wavelengths of 450 nm and 675 nm, they are distributed in regions with low staining properties.
- a cell having such a property is called an SP cell (Side Population Cell).
- SP cells are also included in cancer cell groups, and are known to exhibit drug resistance and cause recurrence. Therefore, the effect of the compound of the present invention on cancerous SP cells was tested.
- the human multiple myeloma cell line RPMI8226 was incubated in the presence of the compound of the present invention in the same manner as in Example 4.
- the cells were suspended in 3% FBS DMEM to 1 ⁇ 10 6 cells / mL, heated to 37 ° C., and Hoechst 33342 was added to a concentration of 5 ⁇ g / mL.
- the mixture was incubated at 37 ° C. for 60 minutes under light shielding with stirring every 20 minutes. Subsequently, it centrifuged at 800 g for 3 minutes, and the supernatant was removed. Further, the washing operation of adding cooled 2% FBS PBS and centrifuging to remove the supernatant was repeated twice.
- propidium iodide was dissolved in PBS to prepare a 200 ⁇ g / mL solution, and the washed cells were resuspended at about 5 ⁇ 10 6 cells / mL.
- a flow cytometer manufactured by Beckman Coulter, product name “EPICS ALTRA”
- the cells are irradiated with 365 nm laser light, and the emitted fluorescence is developed through a 450 nm bandpass filter and a 675 nm bandpass filter.
- a dimensional dot plot was obtained.
- the ratio of the stained cells to the total cells in the SP region was 0.163 ⁇ 0.0503% compared to 0.680 ⁇ 0.0173% of the control. It is suppressed. Therefore, according to the compound of the present invention, it is considered that not only apoptosis is caused in multiple myeloma cells, but also the SP cells are suppressed, and as a result, recurrence can be suppressed.
- Example 7 As an experiment highly correlated with a tumor formation experiment using mice or the like, a colony formation assay using a methylcellulose medium was performed.
- Example 3 human multiple myeloma cell line RPMI8226 was incubated in the same manner except that the final concentration of the compound of the present invention was fixed to 5 ⁇ M. After 24 hours, the cells were collected, and after counting the number of cells, 1 ⁇ 10 5 cells and 1 mL of methylcellulose medium (manufactured by Stem Cell Technology) were mixed. After mixing at 37 ° C. for 1 hour using a rotator, 6 wells were added. The whole amount was added to the plate. After 14 days of incubation at 37 ° C. in a 5% carbon dioxide atmosphere, a photograph was taken using a microscope (manufactured by Zeiss). For comparison, the same experiment was performed on a medium supplemented with 0.5% dimethyl sulfoxide as a control. The results of the control are shown in FIG. 5 (1), and the results of using the compound of the present invention are shown in FIG. 5 (2).
- colonies of multiple myeloma cells were formed in the control, while colonies were not formed at all in the medium containing the compound of the present invention, and were markedly inhibited. Therefore, even if multiple myeloma cells are infiltrated by the compound of the present invention, it is difficult to form a tumor, and as a result, recurrence is unlikely to occur.
- Example 8 The effect of the compounds of the present invention on blood cancer cells other than human multiple myeloma cells was tested.
- human acute myeloid leukemia cell line KG1 and human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL60 in 1 ⁇ 10 3 in high nutrient medium (RPMI1640, 100 ⁇ L) containing 10% FBS. Cells / well were seeded and incubated overnight at 37 ° C. in a 5% carbon dioxide atmosphere. Separately, the compound of Example 2 was dissolved in DMSO, and the resulting solution was diluted with the same medium. The final concentration of the compound was 0.39 ⁇ M, 0.78 ⁇ M, 1.56 ⁇ M, 3.13 ⁇ M, 6.25 ⁇ M, 12 It added to each well so that it might become 5 micromol, 25 micromol, or 50 micromol.
- melphalan a therapeutic agent for multiple myeloma, was added to each well so as to have the same final concentration. Furthermore, there was also provided a case where only dimethyl sulfoxide (final concentration: 0.2 to 0.8 v / v%) was added without adding the compound.
- the medium was removed, and a medium (a mixture of 100 ⁇ L of the above medium and 10 ⁇ L of WST-8) added with WST-8, a cell number measuring reagent, was added to each medium. Added to the well. After culturing at 37 ° C. for 2 hours in a 5% carbon dioxide atmosphere, the absorbance at 450 nm was measured. The ratio of absorbance at each concentration of the compound of the present invention or melphalan when the absorbance when treated with DMSO alone was taken as 100% was calculated as the survival rate of each blood cancer cell.
- the 50% effective concentration (EC 50 ) of each compound for each blood cancer cell was calculated.
- the results of the survival rate of the compound of the present invention are shown in FIG. 6, and the results of the survival rate of melphalan are shown in FIG.
- the results of 50% effective concentration (EC 50 ) are shown in Table 2.
- the compound of the present invention is generally used as a therapeutic agent for multiple myeloma not only for multiple myeloma cells but also for acute myeloid leukemia cells and promyelocytic leukemia cells. It has been demonstrated that the anticancer activity is shown at a clearly lower concentration than that of melphalan used in Japan.
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Abstract
Description
Xは、カルボニル基(-C(=O)-)、オキシカルボニル基(-C(=O)O-)、スルホキシド基(-S(=O)-)またはスルホニル基(-S(=O)2-)を示し;
Yは、カルボニル基または-CH(OR5)-を示し;
R1は、水素原子、C1-6アルキル基またはベンジル基を示し;
R2は、C1-6アルキル基、C2-6アルケニル基、C2-6アルキニル基、または置換基αを有していてもよいフェニル基を示し;
R3は、置換基βを有していてもよいC1-6アルキル基を示し;
R4は、水素原子、アミノ基、ヒドロキシアミノ基、C1-6アルコキシアミノ基、カルボキシ基または(C1-6アルコキシ)カルボニル基を示し;
R5は、水素原子、C1-7アルカノイル基またはトリ(C1-6アルキル)シラノ基を示し;
置換基αは、C1-6アルキル基、C1-6アルコキシ基、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基およびニトロ基からなる群より選択される1以上の基を示し;
置換基βは、ハロゲン原子、ヒドロキシ基、C1-6アルコキシ基およびベンジルオキシ基からなる群より選択される1以上の基を示し;
nは、1以上、5以下の整数を示す]
本発明において「C1-6アルキル基」は、炭素数1~6の直鎖状または分枝鎖状の飽和脂肪族炭化水素基をいう。例えば、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n-ブチル基、イソブチル基、t-ブチル基、n-ペンチル基、n-ヘキシル基等である。好ましくはC1-4アルキル基であり、より好ましくはC1-2アルキル基であり、最も好ましくはメチル基である。
以下、工程ごとに説明する。なお、各反応を阻害するような反応性基を有する化合物は、適宜保護や脱保護を行なってもよい。かかる保護反応または脱保護工程における保護基の種類や反応条件は、「PROTECTIVE GROUPS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS Second Edition」T.W.GreenとP.G.M.Wuts,John Wiley&Sons,INC.(参照のため、本願に組み込まれる)を参照することができる。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ=3.30(1H,dd,J=16.8 and 6.8Hz),3.37(1H,dd,J=16.8 and 6.8Hz),3.78-3.90(1H,m),3.79(3H,s),3.81(3H,s),4.11(1H,dd,J=9.6 and 4.0Hz),4.42-4.60(2H,m),4.46(1H,d,J=12.4Hz),4.50(1H,d,J=12.4Hz),4.73(1H,d,J=16.0Hz),5.16(1H,dd,J=16.8 and 1.2Hz),5.19(1H,dd,J=8.8 and 1.2Hz),5.97(1H,ddt,J=16.8,8.8 and 6.8Hz),6.42-6.47(2H,m),7.12(H,d,J=8.8Hz),7.24-7.34(5H,m),9.29(1H,s)
ヒト多発性骨髄腫細胞株RPMI8226を、96wellプレートに1×104細胞/wellの密度で播種し、5%二酸化炭素雰囲気下、37℃で一晩インキュベートした。別途、実施例2の化合物をジメチルスルホキシドに溶解し、化合物の最終濃度が0.5μM、1μM、2μM、3μM、12.5μM、25μMまたは50μMとなるように各wellへ添加した。
実施例3において、被検細胞として、ヒト多発性骨髄腫細胞株であるRPMI8226とU266、ヒト胃がん細胞株であるAZ521、ヒト大腸がん細胞株であるHCT116、ヒト肺がん細胞株であるA549、および正常細胞であるマウス脳由来星状膠細胞とヒト皮膚由来線維芽細胞を用い、また、各wellにおける本発明化合物の最終濃度を5μMに固定した以外は同様にして、各細胞に対する細胞毒性を試験した。結果を、化合物を添加しない場合の吸光度を100とした場合に対する相対吸光度として図2に示す。
本発明化合物による細胞死がアポトーシスによるものであるか否かを確認した。
造血幹細胞など様々な組織や細胞に分化できる幹細胞は、Hoechst33342などの蛍光化学物質を細胞外へ排出する性質を有していることから、かかる蛍光化学物質で細胞を染色した後にフローサイトメトリー解析を行い、結果を波長450nmと675nmで二次元展開すると、染色性の低い領域に分布する。このような性質を有する細胞はSP細胞(Side Population Cell)と呼ばれている。SP細胞はがん細胞群にも含まれており、薬剤耐性を示したり、再発の原因となることが知られている。そこで、がん性SP細胞に対する本発明化合物の効果を試験した。
マウスなどを用いた腫瘍形成実験と相関性が高い実験として、メチルセルロース培地を用いたコロニー形成アッセイを行った。
ヒト多発性骨髄腫細胞以外の血液がん細胞に対する本発明化合物の効果を試験した。
Claims (11)
- 下記式(I)で表されることを特徴とするベンジルアミン誘導体またはその薬事上許容される塩。
[式中、
Xは、カルボニル基、オキシカルボニル基、スルホキシド基またはスルホニル基を示し;
Yは、カルボニル基または-CH(OR5)-を示し;
R1は、水素原子、C1-6アルキル基またはベンジル基を示し;
R2は、C1-6アルキル基、C2-6アルケニル基、C2-6アルキニル基、または置換基αを有していてもよいフェニル基を示し;
R3は、置換基βを有していてもよいC1-6アルキル基を示し;
R4は、水素原子、アミノ基、ヒドロキシアミノ基、C1-6アルコキシアミノ基、カルボキシ基または(C1-6アルコキシ)カルボニル基を示し;
R5は、水素原子、C1-7アルカノイル基またはトリ(C1-6アルキル)シラノ基を示し;
置換基αは、C1-6アルキル基、C1-6アルコキシ基、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基およびニトロ基からなる群より選択される1以上の基を示し;
置換基βは、ハロゲン原子、ヒドロキシ基、C1-6アルコキシ基およびベンジルオキシ基からなる群より選択される1以上の基を示し;
nは、1以上、5以下の整数を示す] - R1がC1-6アルキル基である請求項1に記載のベンジルアミン誘導体。
- nが2以上である請求項1または2に記載のベンジルアミン誘導体。
- Xがカルボニル基である請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のベンジルアミン誘導体。
- R2がC2-6アルケニル基である請求項1~4のいずれかに記載のベンジルアミン誘導体。
- R3がベンジルオキシメチル基である請求項1~5のいずれかに記載のベンジルアミン誘導体。
- Yがカルボニル基であり且つR4が水素原子である請求項1~6のいずれかに記載のベンジルアミン誘導体。
- 請求項1~7のいずれかに記載のベンジルアミン誘導体またはその薬事上許容される塩からなる医薬。
- 請求項1~7のいずれかに記載のベンジルアミン誘導体またはその薬事上許容される塩からなる血液がん治療薬。
- 血液がんの治療のために用いられる、下記式(I)で表されるベンジルアミン誘導体またはその薬事上許容される塩。
[式中、
Xは、カルボニル基、オキシカルボニル基、スルホキシド基またはスルホニル基を示し;
Yは、カルボニル基または-CH(OR5)-を示し;
R1は、水素原子、C1-6アルキル基またはベンジル基を示し;
R2は、C1-6アルキル基、C2-6アルケニル基、C2-6アルキニル基、または置換基αを有していてもよいフェニル基を示し;
R3は、置換基βを有していてもよいC1-6アルキル基を示し;
R4は、水素原子、アミノ基、ヒドロキシアミノ基、C1-6アルコキシアミノ基、カルボキシ基または(C1-6アルコキシ)カルボニル基を示し;
R5は、水素原子、C1-7アルカノイル基またはトリ(C1-6アルキル)シラノ基を示し;
置換基αは、C1-6アルキル基、C1-6アルコキシ基、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基およびニトロ基からなる群より選択される1以上の基を示し;
置換基βは、ハロゲン原子、ヒドロキシ基、C1-6アルコキシ基およびベンジルオキシ基からなる群より選択される1以上の基を示し;
nは、1以上、5以下の整数を示す] - 血液がんを治療するための方法であって、
下記式(I)で表されるベンジルアミン誘導体またはその薬事上許容される塩を投与する工程を含むことを特徴とする方法。
[式中、
Xは、カルボニル基、オキシカルボニル基、スルホキシド基またはスルホニル基を示し;
Yは、カルボニル基または-CH(OR5)-を示し;
R1は、水素原子、C1-6アルキル基またはベンジル基を示し;
R2は、C1-6アルキル基、C2-6アルケニル基、C2-6アルキニル基、または置換基αを有していてもよいフェニル基を示し;
R3は、置換基βを有していてもよいC1-6アルキル基を示し;
R4は、水素原子、アミノ基、ヒドロキシアミノ基、C1-6アルコキシアミノ基、カルボキシ基または(C1-6アルコキシ)カルボニル基を示し;
R5は、水素原子、C1-7アルカノイル基またはトリ(C1-6アルキル)シラノ基を示し;
置換基αは、C1-6アルキル基、C1-6アルコキシ基、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基およびニトロ基からなる群より選択される1以上の基を示し;
置換基βは、ハロゲン原子、ヒドロキシ基、C1-6アルコキシ基およびベンジルオキシ基からなる群より選択される1以上の基を示し;
nは、1以上、5以下の整数を示す]
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