CN105961243A - Coral larva oriented bottom sowing method - Google Patents
Coral larva oriented bottom sowing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105961243A CN105961243A CN201610314910.6A CN201610314910A CN105961243A CN 105961243 A CN105961243 A CN 105961243A CN 201610314910 A CN201610314910 A CN 201610314910A CN 105961243 A CN105961243 A CN 105961243A
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- larva
- corallium japonicum
- japonicum kishinouye
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention relates to a coral larva oriented bottom sowing method comprising the following steps; S1, selecting a batch of coral oosperms to hatch in a room from April to June, and culturing to form planula larvae; S2, selecting sea areas with proper environment allowing planula larvae to live as the bottom sowing sea area, and putting adhesion reefs in the bottom sowing sea area 15 days before bottom sowing; S3, using a bottom net of an oriented bottom sowing device to tightly cover the adhesion reef, isolating external biological interference, wherein the top container is higher than the sea level; S4, conveying the planula larvae to the bottom sowing sea area, using a ladle to carefully move the planula larvae close to the top container, slowly placing the planula larvae into the top container, so the planula larvae can flow to the bottom net through the top container and a diversion pipe under water pressure or self weight, and spreading in independent areas in the bottom net, thus attaching onto the adhesion reef.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to cave coral breeding technical field, relate to a kind of novel Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye larva orientation bottom-seeding method.
Background technology
Coral polyp belongs to the raw coelenterate in a kind of sea, cylindrical, have tentacle, live in the equator of samming more than 20 DEG C and tropical or subtropical zone neritic province domain, on former generation coral polyp calcium carbonate remains, constantly can secrete calcium carbonate sclerotin from surrounding, stack gradually and ultimately form coral reef beautiful in colour.Having now been found that in the coral polyp of kind more than 6100, there are about kind more than 500 is reef-building coral.Coral reef ecologic system is referred to as Tropical rain forest under water, can increase the bio-diversity in marine site, indirectly improves fishery production, and extending and the protection that also can accelerate coastline are littoral from sea water intrusion, and its role in terms of marine environment is irreplaceable.
But since last decade, owing to the mankind are in the frequent activities in coastal waters, and work, the produced land-sourced pollutant of agricultural come together in coastal area, seriously destroy the ecological environment of ocean especially neritic zone, the bio-diversity in offshore sea waters is made drastically to decline, ultimately resulting in the degeneration of coastal ecology, wherein the degeneration with coral reef is the most serious.Although coral reef has certain self-repairing capability, but external interference is excessively frequently and when exceeding its self-repairing capability, and coral reef will occur irreversible degeneration.At present, the coral reef in some coastal waters of China occurs in that area reaches the degeneration of 90%, and degradation trend has aggravation sign.This had both made numerous marine organisms lose the habitat depended on for existence, also made coastline lose protective barrier.Therefore, the work manually repaired the coral reef degenerated is very urgent.In order to slow down the degeneration of coral reef, increase Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye quantity, maintain stablizing of existing coral reef ecologic system, throw in artificial ecology coral reef and sexual propagation is to take a kind of positive artificial reparation means at present.But due to natural marine site complicated condition, the adhesion effect of the Metamorphore that sexual propagation goes out is the best, and adhesive rate is the lowest, it is impossible to ensure that coral polyp can adhere in the substrate such as reef.Current domestic main employing is in the marine method throwing coral larva attachment device into, and Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye larva swims with natural ocean current and adheres on attachment device after certain time, but this method is the most nondirectional, and objective interference factor is a lot, and some Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye larva adhesive rate is low.
Summary of the invention
The present invention solves a difficult problem for above prior art, it is provided that a kind of Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye larva orientation bottom-seeding method, the method can overcome the problem that in the artificial repair process of current Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye, Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye larva adhesive rate is low, accelerates the reparation progress of degeneration coral reef.
For realizing above goal of the invention, the technical scheme is that
A kind of Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye larva orientation bottom-seeding method, it is to use orientation bottom sowing device to carry out broadcasting at the bottom of anthozoic orientation, described orientation bottom sowing device includes upper end container, mozzle and bottom cover net, and wherein upper end container is arranged on the top of bottom cover net, and upper end container is connected with bottom cover net by mozzle；Described bottom-seeding method comprises the following steps:
S1. in April to June, choose a collection of Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye germ cell in indoor hatching, after cultivating, form Metamorphore；
S2. selection environment condition is suitable for the sea area of Metamorphore existence is to broadcast sea area in the end, then within 15 days before the end is broadcast, broadcasts sea area the end of to and throws in attachment reef；
S3. the bottom cover net making orientation bottom sowing device tightly covers attachment reef, the extraneous biological interference of isolation, and upper end container is higher than sea；
S4. Metamorphore transport is broadcast sea area the end of to, then use wooden dipper that Metamorphore carefully scoops nearly upper end container, and Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye larva is gently put into upper end container, now Metamorphore relies on hydraulic pressure or deadweight to flow into bottom cover net through upper end container, mozzle, and spread out in the separate space of bottom cover net, then adhere on attachment reef.
Wherein, mozzle is journey by raft down the Yangtze River flow tube, human users on flag-on-convenience vessel.For removably connecting between mozzle and bottom cover net, in larva sinks down into bottom cover net, mozzle can be outwarded winding with cover net connecting place, be received next guard and carry out the new end and broadcast, and the end is broadcast guard and stays original position.
Preferably, can install on the diagonal of bottom cover net internal stent and make stream device, make stream device and can form water circulation so that the slow floating state of Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye larva.Each stream device of making connects one with the floating accumulator across the sea of display lamp, makes stream device and decommissions after Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye larva stops attachment.
Preferably, clear sky night it is chosen as between the sowing time end.
Preferably, step S4 is being carried out the sowing time end, and control makes the Metamorphore density in bottom cover net be 300-700/m3。
Preferably, after completing the 72h that the end is broadcast, reclaim bottom cover net and floating accumulator.
Preferably, the end of described selection, is broadcast sea area and should meet following condition: physical features is mild, suspension content is few, seawater transparency is big, illumination is abundant, periphery pollutes without industrial discharge and bait enriches.
Preferably, described attachment reef is that to be less than half a year, skeleton the death time complete and through the cave coral skeleton of over cleaning or the artificial ecology attachment reef of tent type, flying disk type and the ladder type of concrete material or coral reef marine site nature rock.
Preferably, attachment reef should be cultivated, on attachment reef, the coralline algae that attachment is certain through artificial culture, thus improve Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye larva deposit efficiency before input.
Preferably, described step S4, transporting Metamorphore when, should select concrete means of transportation according to the length of the range of driving:
(1) range of driving was more than 3 hours: by double-deck shrimp Seedling bag Metamorphore is transported to the end and broadcasts sea area, each double-deck shrimp Seedling bag transport is less than 5000 Metamorphores, the specification of double-deck shrimp Seedling bag is 40cm*70cm, double-deck shrimp Seedling bag is built with the water of four point of one volume, and Metamorphore is put into the backward double-deck shrimp Seedling bag of double-deck shrimp Seedling bag and poured oxygen and fasten bag mouth；
(2) range of driving is 1 ~ 3 hour: transport with Plastic Drum, and the specification of Plastic Drum is 25L, and each barreled carries less than 3000 Metamorphores, and whole process beats O_2 transport.
Preferably, after completing step S4, the feed of periodic sampling monitoring Metamorphore and growing state, in the case of the bait rareness of natural marine site, accelerate the growth of Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye larva by broadcasting artitificial food at the bottom of orientation bottom sowing device.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, the Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye larva orientation bottom-seeding method that the present invention provides, orients bottom sowing device by Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye larva, the escape of Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye larva, whole process can be prevented can be effectively improved the adhesive rate of Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye larva, accelerate the reparation in coral reef degeneration nature marine site.
2, the Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye larva orientation bottom-seeding method that the present invention provides uses sexual propagation means, and unartificial coral branch block is transplanted, and can reduce the dependence to natural waters Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye maternal plant, it is to avoid damage natural waters Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye maternal plant.
3, the Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye larva orientation bottom-seeding method that the present invention provides uses the Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye skeleton of nature marine site recent death as attachment reef, aperture on Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye skeleton is the natural protection place of Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye larva, substantially increase deposit efficiency and the survival rate of Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye, and its complete skeleton also lays the foundation for the growth of Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye larva.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye larva orientation bottom sowing device.
Detailed description of the invention
Accompanying drawing being merely cited for property explanation, it is impossible to be interpreted as the restriction to this patent；
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.
Embodiment 1
The structure of the Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye larva orientation bottom sowing device that first present invention is used by embodiment 1 is sufficiently introduced, as shown in Figure 1, Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye larva orientation bottom sowing device includes upper end container 1, mozzle 2 and bottom cover net 3, wherein upper end container 1 is arranged on the top of bottom cover net 3, and upper end container 1 is connected with bottom cover net 3 by mozzle 2.
Its concrete use principle is as follows:
Before Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye larva is broadcast at the end, first bottom cover net 3 is made tightly to cover attachment reef, the extraneous biological interference of isolation, then use wooden dipper that Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye larva carefully scoops nearly upper end container 1, and Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye larva is gently put into upper end container 1, now Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye larva relies on hydraulic pressure or deadweight to flow into bottom cover net 3 through upper end container 1, mozzle 2, and spread out in the separate space of bottom cover net 3, then adheres on attachment reef.
In such scheme, bottom cover net 3 can completely cut off extraneous biological, avoid Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye larva adhesion effect is impacted, and bottom cover net 3 is prevented from Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye larva and escapes, this makes most Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye larva can successfully be attached to adhere on reef, therefore uses this device can overcome the problem that in the artificial repair process of current Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye, Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye larva adhesive rate is low.
In the present embodiment, upper end container 1 includes round bottom bucket 11, jet water spout 12 and pipe clamp 13, and round bottom bucket 11 arranges the top with bottom cover net 3；The bottom of round bottom bucket 11 is provided with three legs 111, pipe clamp 13 is arranged on the marginal position of round bottom bucket 11 top port, liquidate one end of water pipe 12 of pipe clamp 13 is fixed, the bottom of round bottom bucket 11 offers threaded mouth 101, and round bottom bucket 11 is threaded connection mouth 101 and is attached with one end of mozzle 2 and connects.Cross in punching in concrete use, the other end of jet water spout 12 connects suction pump, for clean for sea area sea water is extracted in round bottom bucket 11, so when putting into Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye larva to round bottom bucket 11, jet water spout 12 water outlet can make the Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye larva rolling of round bottom bucket 11 inwall uniformly constantly, it is difficult to stick on bucket wall, and constantly formation hydraulic pressure drives Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye larva to be deposited in bottom cover net 3 with mozzle 2 by outlet at bottom.
In such scheme, round bottom bucket 11 is glass steel material, a diameter of 30-50cm, and height is 50-70cm, and inner wall smooth can reduce the bonding of larva, and glass steel material is anticorrosive, and durable.Jet water spout 12 diameter about 1-2cm.
In the present embodiment, bottom cover net 3 includes adapter 31, support 32 and bolting silk net 33, bolting silk net 33 specification is 40 mesh, support 32 is connected with bolting silk net 33, bottom surface, side and the end face of support 32 are coated with thus form a separate space in support 32 by bolting silk net 33, adapter 31 is arranged on the top of support 32, and one end of mozzle 2 is connected with support 32, bolting silk net 33 by adapter 31 and connects with the separate space formed.Wherein adapter 31 includes threaded mouth 101, and mozzle 2 is threaded connection mouth 101 and is connected with support 32, bolting silk net 33 and connects with the separate space formed.
In such scheme, the high 1-1.5m of bottom cover net 3, guard bottom side length 3-5m, wide 1.5-3m.Wherein it is positioned on the bolting silk net 33 of support 32 bottom surface, is provided with many lead buttons 5.On the side of the separate space concurrently formed, it is provided with and one or more makes stream device 4, make stream device 4 and be connected with the middle part of support 32, make and flow device 4 and connect one with the floating accumulator 102 across the sea of display lamp.Support 32 includes the first support bar and the second support bar, first support bar and the second support bar are bending, the middle part of the first support bar is fixing with the middle part of the second support bar to be connected, and the angle connected between the first support bar and the second support bar after fixing is 60 ° ~ 90 °.First support bar and the second support bar select reinforced plastic glass fibre material to make.
Bottom cover net 3 can prevent Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye larva from escaping and promote that Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye larva adheres to, and protects Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye larva eating from natural enemy.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment uses device described in embodiment 1, has carried out a Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye larva orientation end and has broadcast, and its detailed process is as follows:
One, the source of Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye larva
Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye germ cell in indoor hatching, forms Metamorphore after cultivating, and larva is transported to rapidly when the pelagic period end and broadcasts addressing and carry out the end and broadcast.
Two, selection of time is broadcast at the end
The Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye larva orientation suitable time broadcast of the end be April to June because Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye the most at this moment between section lay eggs, and water temperature is suitable for, and improves the survival rate of larva.
Three, addressing is broadcast at the end
Select the marine site that physical features is mild, suspension content is few, seawater transparency is big, illumination is abundant, periphery pollutes without industrial discharge and bait is abundant to carry out the end to broadcast, the end broadcast addressing to be positioned near similar coral reef group it is further preferred that, and there is coral reef group above or below the ocean current of addressing place, because in mating period, larva can swim to attachment reef along with ocean current, improves the adhesive rate of larva further.
Four, attachment reef is thrown in
The death time is chosen complete less than half a year, skeleton and through the cave coral skeleton of over cleaning or choose the difform artificial ecology attachment reef such as tent type, flying disk type and ladder type of concrete material or select coral reef marine site nature rock as mainly adhering to reef in natural waters.In the case of fine, attachment reef carrying ship is carried to release position, while being observed by videocorder under water, while attachment reef being dropped to seabed until steadily fixing with lifting rope, carry out the end broadcast before should shift to an earlier date 15 days throw in attachment reef, to allow attachment reef grow a number of coralline algae, and coralline algae is attached with facilitation to Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye larva.
Five, the transport of prelarva is broadcast at the end
For distance (more than the 3h range of driving) farther out, select to be transported to the end by shrimp Seedling bag broadcast address by growing into the Metamorphore of pelagic period, each double-deck shrimp Seedling bag (40cm*70cm) transport is less than 5000 larvas, each packed water 1/4th, larva is poured oxygen and fastens bag mouth after putting into shrimp Seedling bag, and delivery broadcasts geology the end of to rapidly.For nearer address (the 1-2h range of driving), selection Plastic Drum (25L) transports, and each barrel of transport beats O_2 transport less than 3000 larvas, whole process.Transportation selects to carry out in morning, it is to avoid the sun direct projection on daytime and high temperature.
Six, process is broadcast at the orientation end
By by sea for larva broadcast place the end of to after, larva is the most fragile, natural waters fresh seawater should be carefully added into, larva is allowed slowly to adapt to new sea water and temperature, round bottom bucket toward bottom sowing device adds the nature seawater of 2/3rds, and jet water spout is connected drip pump, extraction nature seawater constantly pours in round bottom bucket, and forms the state of rolling.Round bottom bottom of the barrel connects mozzle, and the mozzle other end broadcasts guard the end of with and be connected, and diver fixes the end and broadcasts guard at the bottom, and checks the most tight sealing of guard, prevents larva escape, and opens and make stream device on support, forms certain circulating water flow in guard.Check that larva wooden dipper, without phenomenon of leaking hunting, can be scooped above nearly round bottom bucket, allow larva swim gently by whole device in above preliminary examination, along with adhering to reef bottom flow direction.Completing the end broadcasts.
Seven, periodic detection
Owing to the Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye larva of Early Earth is the most fragile, new environment is had certain adaptation process, it is therefore desirable to periodic sampling observes its feed and growing state.In the case of the bait rareness of natural marine site, artitificial food can be broadcast the end of by and accelerate the growth of Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye larva.
Technical staff is as stated above in broadcasting at the bottom of the Xuwen Coral Reef nature reserve area enforcement of Guangdong at the beginning of 2015 5 months; carry out seabed monitoring at the end of May and find that a large amount of Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye larvas have adhered to and grown up to coral polyp individuality; its survival rate is greatly improved, it was demonstrated that the superiority of the method that the present invention provides.
Obviously, the above embodiment of the present invention is only for clearly demonstrating example of the present invention, and is not the restriction to embodiments of the present invention.For those of ordinary skill in the field, can also make other changes in different forms on the basis of the above description.Here without also cannot all of embodiment be given exhaustive.All any amendment, equivalent and improvement etc. made within the spirit and principles in the present invention, within should be included in the protection domain of the claims in the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye larva orientation bottom-seeding method, it is to use orientation bottom sowing device to carry out broadcasting at the bottom of anthozoic orientation, described orientation bottom sowing device includes upper end container, mozzle and bottom cover net, wherein upper end container is arranged on the top of bottom cover net, and upper end container is connected with bottom cover net by mozzle；It is characterized in that: described bottom-seeding method comprises the following steps:
S1. in April to June, choose a collection of Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye germ cell in indoor hatching, after cultivating, form Metamorphore；
S2. selection environment condition is suitable for the sea area of Metamorphore existence is to broadcast sea area in the end, then within 15 days before the end is broadcast, broadcasts sea area the end of to and throws in attachment reef；
S3. the bottom cover net making orientation bottom sowing device tightly covers attachment reef, the extraneous biological interference of isolation, and upper end container is higher than sea；
S4. Metamorphore transport is broadcast sea area the end of to, then use wooden dipper that Metamorphore carefully scoops nearly upper end container, and Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye larva is gently put into upper end container, now Metamorphore relies on hydraulic pressure or deadweight to flow into bottom cover net through upper end container, mozzle, and spread out in the separate space of bottom cover net, then adhere on attachment reef.
Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye larva the most according to claim 1 orientation bottom-seeding method, it is characterised in that: the end of described selection, is broadcast sea area and should meet following condition: physical features is mild, suspension content is few, seawater transparency is big, illumination is abundant, periphery pollutes without industrial discharge and bait enriches.
Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye larva the most according to claim 1 orientation bottom-seeding method, it is characterised in that: described attachment reef is that to be less than half a year, skeleton the death time complete and through the cave coral skeleton of over cleaning or the artificial ecology attachment reef of tent type, flying disk type and the ladder type of concrete material or coral reef marine site nature rock.
Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye larva the most according to claim 1 orientation bottom-seeding method, it is characterised in that: described step S4, transporting Metamorphore when, should select concrete means of transportation according to the length of the range of driving:
(1) range of driving was more than 3 hours: by double-deck shrimp Seedling bag Metamorphore is transported to the end and broadcasts sea area, each double-deck shrimp Seedling bag transport is less than 5000 Metamorphores, the specification of double-deck shrimp Seedling bag is 40cm*70cm, double-deck shrimp Seedling bag is built with the water of four point of one volume, and Metamorphore is put into the backward double-deck shrimp Seedling bag of double-deck shrimp Seedling bag and poured oxygen and fasten bag mouth；
(2) range of driving is 1 ~ 3 hour: transport with Plastic Drum, and the specification of Plastic Drum is 25L, and each barreled carries less than 3000 Metamorphores, and whole process beats O_2 transport.
5. orient bottom-seeding method according to the Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye larva described in any one of claim 1 ~ 4, it is characterized in that: after completing step S4, the feed of periodic sampling monitoring Metamorphore and growing state, in the case of the bait rareness of natural marine site, accelerate the growth of Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye larva by broadcasting artitificial food at the bottom of orientation bottom sowing device.
Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye larva the most according to claim 5 orientation bottom-seeding method, it is characterised in that: being provided with one or more pairs of stream device of making in described bottom cover net, every pair is made stream device is that diagonal is arranged.
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| CN112931304A (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-06-11 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Method for improving attachment of coral larvae |
| CN112931304B (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2022-08-19 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Method for improving attachment of coral larvae |
| CN115362957A (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2022-11-22 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Device and method for coral oosperm culture and coral wave larva bottom sowing |
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