CN1059550C

CN1059550C - Process for hulling chestnut and sheller

Info

Publication number: CN1059550C
Application number: CN98106859A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 郑传祥
Original assignee: Zhejiang University ZJU
Current assignee: Zhejiang University ZJU
Priority date: 1998-04-14
Filing date: 1998-04-14
Publication date: 2000-12-20
Anticipated expiration: 2018-04-14
Also published as: CN1195492A

Abstract

The present invention relates to a process method for shelling chestnuts and a sheller which comprises a classification screening machine, an outer shell cutting machine, a puffing chamber, a grinding shelling machine and a shell-kernel separator. After raw material chestnuts are classified, outer shells of the chestnuts are cut, the chestnuts release pressure to be puffed under the actions of certain temperature, pressure and time in the puffing chamber so as to separate chestnut shells and kernels, and then, the chestnuts with shells by puffing are hulled through grinding. Finally, the shells and the kernels of the chestnuts are separated and hulled to be classified. The present invention adopts a plurality of cutters to cut the raw material chestnuts in the outer shell cutting machine, and a cleanly chestnut shell shelling rate to get chestnut kernels can reach 98% through the puffing and the grinding. The present invention has the advantages of high cutting speed, more cutting number, simple device, high shelling efficiency, low cost and convenient operation.

Description

Chinese chestnut decorticator

The present invention relates to be used to shell hulling or crack the machinery of nut, particularly a kind of Chinese chestnut decorticator.

In the prior art field, process for hulling chestnut has following several usually:

1. physico-chemical process: this method needs to add as alloys such as enzymes when shelling, and these additives will cause product to have heterogeneous peculiar smell, influence the quality of finished local flavor.

2. Chinese patent 85103369 is disclosed is to adopt the expand technical equipment of back decompression broken shell suddenly of steam pressurized, the husking yield height of this equipment, but owing to adopt steam, can make partly Li Ren surface slaking, the quality of influence back converted products can't be processed fresh products.

3. Japan Patent JP59-156275 is disclosed is to adopt the not normal temperature mechanical descaling machine method of heat drying, earlier Chinese chestnut is used rotation roller hilt shell cut, again with rotating peeling machine with squeezing, grind, press the internal layer scarlet of peeling off, with compressed air shell and kernel is separated again, this method scarlet goes clean rate low, generally also need set up scarlet benevolence second removal equipment.Its set structure complexity of this method costs an arm and a leg.

4. Chinese patent 95101221.5 is disclosed is to adopt machine cuts, and the hot blast heating, drying pushes the technology that shelling separates again, the kernel breaking rate of this method is higher, and the thermal source that equipment need be a large amount of, and device systems is huge, equipment investment is big, and economic benefit is not obvious.

The objective of the invention is: the Chinese chestnut decorticator that provides a cover to adopt machinery and physics to combine can solve problems of the prior art.

For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is:

With the sizing screening machine raw material Chinese chestnut is carried out classification by size, same specification Chinese chestnut after the classification enters the shell cutting machine, under screw conveyor shaft in cutting machine constantly stirs, repeatedly at random cutting of cutter through rotation, after the Chinese chestnut surface is cut the cutter incision, send into expansion chamber, below the Chinese chestnut curing temperature, with certain pressure and the processing of time, pressure release is expanded then, and the shell clothing is separated with benevolence, send into the grinding of grinding scourer by chestnut shell clothing and benevolence that expansion chamber comes out, after making the Chinese chestnut clothing and benevolence being separated fully, enter the shell and kernel separator, carry out the classification of shell clothing and benevolence at last.

Chinese chestnut through the rotation cutter repeatedly be cut into 20 cutter to 30 cuttves at random, its depth of cut be controlled at chestnut shell thickness ± 0.2mm in.

The temperature of the Chinese chestnut that is cut in expansion chamber is 65～75 ℃, and pressure is 0.8～2.0MPa, and the time is 10～20 minutes.

Multi-functional Chinese chestnut hulling machine comprises the sizing screening machine, the shell cutting machine, and scourer grinds, the shell and kernel seperator in expansion chamber.

1). shell cutting machine: comprise driving by transmission device, be contained in the screw conveyor shaft in the shell cutting machine casing, bottom of shell has 1～3 row's groove along axis direction, the Chinese chestnut cutter of 1～3 row's saw blade are housed on the axle that drives by transmission device outside housing, in the knife edge insertion housing groove separately of saw blade, the feed hopper that joins with sizing screening machine Chinese chestnut discharge bucket is housed on the casing of screw conveyor shaft one end, on the casing of the screw conveyor shaft other end discharging opening is housed;

2). expansion chamber: comprise the expanded container of the Chinese chestnut that is contained on the support, on the fast Kaifeng head of expanded container import expanded relief valve is arranged, removing the expanded vessel port behind the fast Kaifeng head and the discharging opening of shell cutting machine joins, expanded container has chuck outward, the chuck upper side has the thermal medium import, the bottom has the thermal medium outlet, and expanded container upper side has hot air intake, and expanded container bottom has heat outlet;

3). grind scourer: comprise the soft concave-convex type silicon rubber that is contained on the Chinese chestnut grinding scourer casing inner bottom surface, be contained in the casing, the bent axle mill that soft concave-convex type silicon rubber is arranged on its bottom surface, the bent axle mill is driven by power set and rotates, make Chinese chestnut roll and shell in two silicone rubber, casing one end have can with remove a fast Kaifeng charging aperture that postrotational expanded vessel port is joined, its other end has the discharging opening that joins with shell and kernel seperator charging aperture, and the transmission mechanism of regulating the bottom surface height is arranged under the casing bottom surface.

The present invention compared with prior art, the useful effect that has is:

1. owing to adopt many undercuts cutter to cut the raw material plate chestnut in the shell cutting machine, cutting shell speed is fast, and the cutter number is many;

2. carry out expanded and grind scourer and grind through expansion chamber, the clean rate of the Li Ren that deviates from can reach 98%, does not almost have any chestnut clothing through the expanded Li Ren that deviates from;

3. device structure is simple, shelling efficient height, and cost is low, and is easy to operate;

4. it is made up of a series of separate units, and each unit all can use separately, complete integration of operation also capable of being combined.

Description of drawings:

Fig. 1. complete set of equipments structural representation of the present invention;

Fig. 2 a. shell cutting machine front view;

Fig. 2 b. shell cutting machine side view;

Fig. 3. expansion chamber's structural representation;

Fig. 4. grind the scourer structural representation.

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, workflow of the present invention is further described.

1. raw material classification:

As shown in Figure 1, complete set of equipments involving vibrations sizing screening machine 1 of the present invention, shell cutting machine 2, scourer 4 grinds, shell and kernel seperator 5 in expansion chamber 3.The raw material Chinese chestnut is screened by vibration separation screening machine 1, carried out classification by size, and remove non-Chinese chestnut impurity, the same specification Chinese chestnut after classified enters shell cutting machine 2 through feed hopper.

2. shell cutting:

Shown in Fig. 2 a. Fig. 2 b, shell cutting machine 2 is installed on the bearing 2-6, same specification Chinese chestnut enters shell cutting machine 2 by feed hopper 2-2, drive by tumbler 2-1, being contained in the cutter that one group of saw blade 2-4 is housed on interior screw conveyor shaft 2-5 of casing 2-3 and the axle rotates, Chinese chestnut is cut each Chinese chestnut through this will be cut 20 cutter to 30 cuttves at random, depth of cut will be controlled in chestnut shell thickness ± 0.2mm, cutter distribute along screw conveyor shaft 2-5 circumferencial direction, among Fig. 2 be three, the Chinese chestnut depth of cut is controlled by the tool-point height that saw blade exposes, the cutter number is controlled by the Chinese chestnut time of staying and stirring degree in cutting machine, Chinese chestnut through after the cutting is drained in the expansion chamber 3 by discharging opening 2-7.

3. the expanded shell clothing that makes separates with benevolence:

As shown in Figure 3, the expanded container 3-3 of expansion chamber 3 is contained in support 3-5 and goes up and can rotate around support, and 3-2 is a fast Kaifeng head, and expanded container 3-3 has chuck 3-4 outward.After the Chinese chestnut of being discharged by shell cutting machine 2 discharging opening 2-7 enters expanded container 3-3, cover a fast Kaifeng 3-2, pressurized heat gas imported in the expanded container 3-3 from the b mouth pressurize, again with thermal medium (as gas, liquid) import from chuck e mouth, Chinese chestnut carries out uniform temperature (below the curing temperature of Chinese chestnut surface) certain pressure and the processing of time at this, pressure release is expanded then, pressurized heat gas is discharged from expanded container 3-3 bottom d mouth, thermal medium is discharged from chuck bottom c mouth in the chuck, because the dilatancy of shell clothing and benevolence is inconsistent, and compactness is different, after expanded, the shell clothing is separated with benevolence, send in the grinding scourer 4 by chestnut shell clothing and benevolence that expansion chamber comes out.

4. grinding makes the shell clothing separate with benevolence:

As shown in Figure 4, grinding scourer 4 is installed on the bearing 4-1, chestnut shell clothing that is come out by expansion chamber and benevolence enter casing 4-4 inner bottom surface from charging aperture 4-3 soft concave-convex type silicon rubber 4-2 are housed, bent axle mill 4-5 also is equipped with soft concave-convex type silicon rubber 4-2 on the bottom surface, vary in size according to Chinese chestnut, the transmission mechanism of regulating the bottom surface height is arranged under casing 4-4 bottom surface, screw mandrel 4-8 promptly is housed under the bottom surface cooperates with nut 4-9 on the bearing and adjust.Under power set 4-6 drives, soft concavo-convex silicon rubber 4-2 on the bent axle mill 4-5 and chestnut shell clothing and the benevolence between the soft concavo-convex silicon rubber 4-2 on the casing 4-4 inner bottom surface are ground, deviate from after unhulled Chinese chestnut clothing ground pressure and benevolence is separated, enter shell and kernel seperator 5 from discharging opening 4-7 again.

5. the shell clothing separates the back classification with benevolence:

As shown in Figure 1, from grinding the charging aperture that the Chinese chestnut that the shell clothing has been separated with benevolence that scourer discharging opening 4-7 comes out enters shell and kernel seperator 5, under the effect of cyclone separator whirlwind A, benevolence, little benevolence, shell ginning outturn is from B, C, and the D outlet is discharged and is reached the classification purpose.

This equipment is made up of a series of separate units, has the function of a tractor serves several purposes, and each unit all can use separately.Can make dryer as expansion chamber through suitable repacking and use, be applicable to baking dried bamboo shoots, potato chips etc.; The grinding tool that grinds in the scourer is replaced with other grinding tool, is applicable to potato, taro peeling; The shell and kernel seperator has the solid material of different specific weight applicable to separation.

Claims

1. Chinese chestnut decorticator, it comprises the sizing screening machine, the shell cutting machine, the shell and kernel seperator is characterized in that:

1). shell cutting machine [2]: comprise driving by transmission device [2-1], be contained in the screw conveyor shaft [2-5] in the shell cutting machine casing, casing [2-3] bottom has 1～3 row's groove along axis direction, the Chinese chestnut cutter of 1～3 row's saw blade [2-4] are housed on the axle [2-8] that drives by transmission device [2-1] outside housing [2-3], in the knife edge insertion housing groove separately of saw blade [2-4], the feed hopper [2-2] that joins with sizing screening machine Chinese chestnut discharge bucket is housed on the casing [2-3] of screw conveyor shaft [2-5] end, on the casing [2-3] of screw conveyor shaft [2-5] other end discharging opening [2-7] is housed;

2). expansion chamber [3]: comprise the expanded container of Chinese chestnut [3-3] that is contained on the support [3-5], on the fast Kaifeng head [3-2] of expanded container [3-3] import expanded relief valve [3-1] is arranged, the discharging opening [2-7] of removing expanded container [3-3] mouthful and shell cutting machine [2] behind the fast Kaifeng head [3-2] joins, chuck [3-4] is arranged outside the expanded container [3-3], chuck [3-4] upper side has thermal medium import [e], the bottom has thermal medium outlet [c], expanded container [3-3] upper side has hot air intake [b], and expanded container [3-3] bottom has heat outlet [d];

3). grind scourer [4]: comprise the soft concave-convex type silicon rubber [4-2] that is contained on Chinese chestnut grinding scourer casing [4-4] inner bottom surface, be contained in the casing [4-4], the bent axle mill [4-5] that soft concave-convex type silicon rubber [4-2] is arranged on its bottom surface, bent axle mill [4-5] is driven by power set [4-6] and rotates, make Chinese chestnut roll and shell in two silicone rubber, casing [4-4] end have can with remove the charging aperture [4-3] that fast Kaifeng head [3-2] postrotational expanded container [3-3] mouth joins, its other end has the discharging opening [4-7] that joins with shell and kernel seperator [5] charging aperture, and the transmission mechanism of regulating the bottom surface height is arranged under casing [4-4] bottom surface.