CN105952312A - 一种高耐候性木塑实木复合门 - Google Patents
一种高耐候性木塑实木复合门 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种高耐候性木塑实木复合门,本发明涉及一种门。本发明要解决现有实木门耐候性差,易腐朽开裂、成本高,铝合金门生产耗能大、使用过程中保温性能差,铝木、铝塑复合门生产工艺复杂,以及塑料门易变形和品质偏低,以及现有木塑门工艺繁琐、成本高的问题。木塑实木复合门具有木塑实木复合型材、玻璃、配件、密封条和压条组合而成;制作方法:一、挤出成型制备木塑实木复合型材和木塑复合压条型材;二、连接组装;三、安装配件;四、安装玻璃、密封条和压条;五、连接门框和门扇。本发明木塑实木复合门耐候性好、保温性能好、防腐防蛀、美观耐用、绿色环保、废弃后材料可循环利用。本发明用于制备高耐候性木塑实木复合门。
Description
本申请为分案申请,原申请的申请号:201310494898.8,发明创造名称:木塑实木复合门窗及其制作方法,申请日:2013-10-21。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种门,具体涉及一种高耐候性木塑实木复合门。
背景技术
随着国民住房条件的改善,门窗用量大幅增多,门窗在节能环保方面的要求越来越高。我国现在每年新建住宅房的面积接近20亿平方米,按建筑面积与窗户面积之比为8:1计算,每年不包含旧窗更换,新建住宅仅窗户的用量就达2.5亿平方米,因此窗材料用量十分惊人。此外,玻璃门的应用日趋广泛。目前市场上的玻璃门窗主要有木门窗、铝合金门窗和PVC塑料门窗。木门窗生产过程原料利用率低、易腐朽开裂、维护成本高、优质木材原料供应短缺;铝合金门窗生产耗能大、使用过程中保温性能差;塑料门窗的生产用空心PVC型材,由于PVC塑料型材刚性低、易变形、装饰性差,因此主要针对成本较低的中低端门窗产品。最近几年发展起来的铝木、铝塑、木塑铝复合门窗在强度和装饰性能上占了一定的优势,但是其生产工艺复杂、成本高、消耗大量的高能耗铝型材。公开号为CN1896446A的发明专利公开了一种木塑门窗,所用的型材为木塑实芯型材,型材侧面涂敷塑料层,室内外表面粘附铝层。这种门窗的生产工艺复杂,型材比强度低、成本高,窗户较重。申请号为201310167128.2的发明专利公开了一种木塑玻璃门窗,所用的型材为木塑空芯型材。这种窗户当用于抗风压要求高等对于型材要求较高的应用场合时,需要在型材内插入钢衬等增强材料,致使生产成本升高。
发明内容
本发明要解决现有实木门窗易腐朽开裂、成本高,铝合金门窗生产耗能大、使用过程中保温性能差,铝木、铝塑复合门窗生产工艺复杂,以及塑料门窗易变形和品质偏低,以及现有木塑门窗工艺繁琐、成本高的问题,而提供的木塑实木复合门窗及其制作方法。
木塑实木复合门窗由木塑实木复合型材、中空玻璃、配件、密封条和压条组合而成,其中所述木塑实木复合型材是由木塑复合材料包覆实木通过共挤出成型工艺制成,木塑实木复合型材包括框型材、中挺型材和扇型材,所述压条是由木塑复合材料通过挤出成型工艺制成,所述配件包括铰链、轨道、执手、门锁和撑挡中的一种或几种。
木塑实木复合门窗的制作方法,具体是按照以下步骤完成的:
一、采用共挤出成型法以木塑复合材料包覆实木芯制备木塑实木复合型材,包括框型材、中挺型材和扇型材;采用挤出成型法制备木塑复合材料压条型材;
二、将步骤一制备的框型材和中挺型材连接组装成门窗框,将扇型材连接组装成门窗扇;
三、将配件安装到步骤二组装成的门窗框和门窗扇上,其中配件包括铰链、轨道、执手、门锁和撑挡的一种或几种组合;
四、将玻璃和密封条装入步骤三组装成的门窗框和门窗扇上,再用压条将玻璃固定密封;
五、采用铰链连接将步骤四装成的门窗框和门窗扇连接在一起,完成木塑实木复合门窗的制作方法。
本发明的有益效果是:
本发明使用的木塑复合材料主要原料是木质纤维材料和废旧塑料,这两种成分按质量比可占到材料的90%以上。其中,木质纤维材料的形态为微细纤维状或者粉状,由木材及其加工剩余物、竹材及其加工剩余物、农作物秸秆等农林生产副产物为原料进行生产,将包括木材、竹材和秸秆在内的木质纤维材料的利用率提高到了95%以上;所用的废旧塑料包括回收的聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯和ABS树脂等,木塑复合材料的发展为这些废旧塑料的回收利用提供了一种有效途径。无论是木质纤维材料还是废旧塑料来源都非常丰富,用其制作的木塑门窗产品健康环保,具有类似木门窗的质感和更好的耐候性,应用于人们日常生活中接触较多的门窗产品非常适宜,也是农林剩余物和废旧塑料资源化高效利用的重要途径。
本发明中的木塑实木复合型材制备过程采用木塑复合材料外层与实木芯共挤出成型工艺、木塑复合压条型材采用木塑复合材料挤出成型工艺,其能耗远远低于铝型材的生产;实木芯采用锯切实木、指接材、集成材、单板层积材、重组木、重组竹、改性木材、胶压木或压缩木,使得廉价的低质速生人工林木材的附加值大幅度提高;木塑实木复合型材通过榫卯胶接、正交指接胶接或者胶接与角码连接相结合的方法连接到一起即可得到门窗,省去了铝木、铝塑、木塑铝等复合门窗繁琐的组装制作过程;木塑实木复合型材以实木芯代替钢衬不仅使得门窗的角强度大幅度提高,而且同时解决了塑料门窗易变形的难题;木塑实木复合型材利用具有防水、防腐、防蛀、耐候性好的木塑复合材料木塑包覆比强度较高、韧性好、隔热性强但易吸湿变形、腐朽虫蛀的实木构成完美的复合结构,充分利用了这两种材料的特性,优势互补,赋予木塑实木复合门窗优异的综合性能。
本发明木塑玻璃门窗保温性能好、防腐防蛀、美观耐用、绿色环保、废弃后材料可循环利用。
本发明用于制备木塑实木复合门窗。
附图说明
图1为本发明木塑实木复合门窗的示意图;
图2为本发明木塑实木复合型材截面的示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明技术方案不局限于以下所列举的具体实施方式,还包括各具体实施方式之间的任意组合。
具体实施方式一:本实施方式木塑实木复合门窗由木塑实木复合型材、中空玻璃、配件、密封条和压条4组合而成,
其中所述木塑实木复合型材是由木塑复合材料包覆实木芯5通过共挤出成型工艺制成,木塑实木复合型材包括框型材1、中挺型材2和扇型材3,所述压条4是由木塑复合材料通过挤出成型工艺制成,所述配件包括铰链、轨道、执手、门锁和撑挡中的一种或几种组合。
具体实施方式二:本实施方式与具体实施方式一不同的是:所述的木塑实木复合型材所用的实木芯5是锯切实木、指接材、集成材、单板层积材、重组木、重组竹、改性木材、胶压木或压缩木。其它与具体实施方式一相同。
具体实施方式三:本实施方式与具体实施方式一不同的是:密封条的材质为改性聚氯乙烯、三元乙丙橡胶、热塑性弹性体或者硅橡胶材料。其它与具体实施方式一相同。
具体实施方式四:本实施方式与具体实施方式一不同的是:木塑实木复合门窗的玻璃层数为单层玻璃、双层玻璃或三层玻璃。其它与具体实施方式一相同。
具体实施方式五:本实施方式与具体实施方式一不同的是:木塑实木复合门窗为木塑实木复合门时,开启方式为平开门或推拉门;该木塑实木复合门窗为木塑实木复合窗时,开启方式为固定窗、上悬窗、中悬窗、下悬窗、平开窗、平开下悬窗或推拉窗。其它与具体实施方式一相同。
具体实施方式六:本实施方式与具体实施方式一不同的是:所述的木塑复合材料按质量份数由20~60份的热塑性塑料、40~80份的木质纤维材料、0~8份的增强材料、0.1~10份的偶联剂或界面相容剂、0.1~6份的润滑剂、0~6份的着色剂、0.1~3份的抗老化剂、0~7份的热稳定剂、0~20份的阻燃剂、0~15份的矿物质填料组成。其它与具体实施方式一相同。
具体实施方式七:本实施方式与具体实施方式一至六之一不同的是:所述的热塑性塑料是聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚苯乙烯、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物和聚氯乙烯中一种或几种的混合物,或者热塑性塑料是聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚苯乙烯中的一种或几种的混合物的马来酸酐接枝改性产物,热塑性塑料为原生料、再生料或者原生料与再生料的混合物;所述的木质纤维材料是木纤维粉、稻壳粉、竹纤维粉、麻纤维粉和秸秆纤维粉中的一种或者几种的混合物;所述的增强材料是聚酰胺纤维、聚酯纤维或碳纤维;所述的偶联剂为硅烷类偶联剂、钛酸酯类偶联剂、马来酸酐、马来酸酐接枝聚烯烃和异氰酸酯中的一种或几种的混合物;所述的润滑剂为聚乙烯蜡、聚丙烯蜡、石蜡、硬脂酸、硬脂酸锌和硬脂酸钙中的一种或几种的混合物;所述的着色剂为氧化铁、二氧化钛、炭黑、酞青蓝和酞青绿中的一种或几种的混合物;所述的抗老化剂为紫外线吸收剂UV-9、紫外线吸收剂UV-P、紫外线吸收剂UV-326、紫外线吸收剂UV327、紫外线吸收剂UV328、紫外线吸收剂UV329、紫外线吸收剂UV531、抗氧剂四[β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸]季戊四醇酯、β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸正十八烷醇酯、抗氧剂2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚、抗氧剂2,2 , -亚甲基-双(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)、抗氧剂三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)亚磷酸酯和4,4,-硫代双(3-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)中的一种或几种的混合物;所述的热稳定剂是二月桂酸二丁基锡、二月桂酸二辛基锡、马来酸二烷基锡、双(马来酸单丁酯)二丁基锡、马来酸二辛基锡、二辛基锡双(巯基乙酸异丁酯)或二辛基锡双(巯基乙酸异辛酯);所述的阻燃剂为聚磷酸铵、硼酸或偏硼酸、八硼酸钠、硼酸锌和可膨胀石墨中的一种或几种的混合物;所述的矿物质填料为碳酸钙粉、硅酸钙粉、滑石粉和热粉煤灰中的一种或几种的混合物。其它与具体实施方式一至六之一相同。
具体实施方式八:制作具体实施方式一所述的木塑实木复合门窗,其特征在于该木塑实木复合门窗的制作方法,具体是按照以下步骤完成的:
一、采用共挤出成型法以木塑复合材料包覆实木芯5制备木塑实木复合型材,包括框型材1、中挺型材2和扇型材3;采用挤出成型法制备木塑复合材料压条型材4;
二、将步骤一制备的框型材1和中挺型材2连接组装成门窗框,将扇型材3连接组装成门窗扇;
三、将配件安装到步骤二组装成的门窗框和门窗扇上,其中配件包括铰链、轨道、执手、门锁和撑挡中的一种或几种组合;
四、将玻璃和密封条装入步骤三组装成的门窗框和门窗扇上,再用压条4将玻璃固定密封;
五、采用铰链连接将步骤四装成的门窗框和门窗扇连接在一起,完成木塑实木复合门窗的制作方法。
具体实施方式九:本实施方式与具体实施方式八不同的是:步骤二中连接方法采用榫卯胶接或正交指接,或者采用榫卯胶接与角码连接或榫卯胶接与五金连接件连接的组合或正交指接胶接与角码连接或榫卯胶接与五金连接件连接的组合,其中胶接用胶黏剂为丙烯酸酯树脂、丙烯酸-聚氨酯、环氧树脂、聚氨酯、水性高分子异氰酸酯胶或有机硅树脂胶黏剂。其它与具体实施方式八相同。
具体实施方式十:本实施方式与具体实施方式八不同的是:步骤二中连接组装成的门窗框和门窗扇再进行装饰处理,所述的装饰处理方法为涂饰、覆膜、嵌入彩色不锈钢扣板或铝合金扣板,其中所用涂料为丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸-聚氨酯、有机硅树脂或者氟碳涂料。其它与具体实施方式八相同。
采用以下实施例验证本发明的有益效果:
实施例一:
本实施例木塑实木复合门窗的制作方法,具体是按照以下步骤制作的:
一、采用共挤出成型法以木塑复合材料包覆实木芯5制备木塑实木复合型材,包括框型材1、中挺型材2和扇型材3;采用挤出成型法制备木塑复合材料压条型材4;
二、根据门窗的尺寸将定长的框型材1、中挺型材2和扇型材3的两端加工成榫卯;
三、将步骤二加工的框型材1和中挺型材2的榫卯上涂胶后连接胶合组装成门窗框,将步骤二加工的扇型材3的榫卯上涂胶后连接胶合组装成门窗扇,所用的胶黏剂为丙烯酸-聚氨脂胶黏剂;
四、将配件安装到步骤三组装成的门窗框和门窗扇上,其中配件包括铰链、轨道、执手、门锁和/或撑挡;
五、将玻璃和密封条装入步骤四组装成的门窗框和门窗扇上,再用压条4将玻璃固定密封;
六、采用铰链连接将步骤五装成的门窗框和门窗扇连接在一起,完成木塑实木复合门窗的制作方法。
其中上述木塑实木复合型材的材质为木塑复合材料包覆落叶松集成材而形成的复合材料,压条型材的材质为木塑复合材料,木塑复合材料按质量份数由40份的热塑性塑料、60份的木质纤维材料、4份的增强材料、4份的偶联剂、3份的润滑剂、3份的着色剂、0.5份的抗老化剂、2份的热稳定剂、15份的阻燃剂和10份的轻质碳酸钙粉组成;该木塑实木复合门窗中的中空玻璃为三层玻璃,开启方式为平开。
实施例二:
本实施例与实施例一不同的是:所用的实木芯5材质为改性氨基树脂增强的杨木单板层积材。其它与实施例一相同。
实施例三:
本实施例与实施例一不同的是:所用的实木芯5材质为樟子松指接材;在该木塑实木复合门窗的门窗扇的角部安装了装饰性增强角码。其它与实施例一相同。
本发明使用的木塑复合材料主要原料是木质纤维材料和废旧塑料,这两种成分按质量比可占到材料的90%以上。其中,木质纤维材料的形态为微细纤维状或者粉状,由木材及其加工剩余物、竹材及其加工剩余物、农作物秸秆等农林生产副产物为原料进行生产,将包括木材、竹材和秸秆在内的木质纤维材料的利用率提高到了95%以上;所用的实木芯材采用速生人工林木材等低质木材,显著提高了木材资源的利用效益;所用的废旧塑料包括回收的聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯和聚苯乙烯等,木塑复合材料的发展为这些废旧塑料的回收利用提供了一种有效途径。无论是木质纤维材料还是废旧塑料来源都非常丰富,用其制作的木塑门窗产品健康环保,具有类似木门窗的质感和更好的耐候性,应用于人们日常生活中接触较多的门窗产品非常适宜,也是农林剩余物等生物质和废旧塑料资源化高效利用的重要途径。
本发明中的木塑实木复合型材制备过程采用木塑复合材料外层与实木芯的共挤出成型,压条型材制备过程采用木塑复合材料熔融复合挤出成型工艺,其能耗远远低于铝型材的生产;木塑实木复合型材通过榫卯胶接、正交指接胶接或其与角码、五金连接件的组合连接到一起即可得到门窗,省去了铝木、铝塑、木塑铝等复合门窗繁琐的组装制作过程;木塑实木复合型材将木塑复合材料的防水防腐防蛀优点与实木的隔热轻质强韧优势完美结合,门窗产品具有优异的综合性能。本发明将木塑复合材料这种既环保又可循环利用的材料应用到高品质门窗产品,为木塑复合材料拓展了应用领域,也为建筑门窗行业提供了新的选择。
本发明木塑实木复合门窗保温性能好、防腐防蛀、美观耐用、绿色环保、废弃后材料可循环利用。
Claims (10)
1.一种高耐候性木塑实木复合门,其特征在于木塑实木复合门由木塑实木复合型材、配件、玻璃、密封条和压条(4)组合而成,其中所述木塑实木复合型材是由木塑复合材料包覆实木芯(5)通过共挤出成型工艺制成,所述的木塑复合材料按质量份数由20~60份的热塑性塑料、40~80份的木质纤维材料、0~8份的增强材料、0.1~10份的偶联剂或界面相容剂、0.1~6份的润滑剂、0~6份的着色剂、0.1~3份的抗老化剂、0~7份的热稳定剂、0~20份的阻燃剂、0~15份的矿物质填料组成,所述木塑实木复合型材包括框型材(1)和扇型材(3),所述压条(4)是由木塑复合材料通过挤出成型工艺制成;所述木塑实木复合型材采用榫卯胶接、正交指接胶接或者胶接与角码连接相结合的方法连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高耐候性木塑实木复合门,其特征在于所述木塑实木复合型材表面进行了装饰处理,所述的装饰处理为涂饰,所用涂料为丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸-聚氨酯、有机硅树脂或者氟碳涂料。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高耐候性木塑实木复合门,其特征在于所述木塑实木复合型材表面进行了装饰处理,所述的装饰处理为覆膜、嵌入彩色不锈钢扣板或铝合金扣板。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种高耐候性木塑实木复合门,其特征在于所述的木塑实木复合门为推拉门。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种高耐候性木塑实木复合门,其特征在于所述的木塑实木复合型材还包括中挺型材(2)。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的一种高耐候性木塑实木复合门,其特征在于所述的实木芯(5)是锯切实木、指接材、集成材、重组木、胶压木或压缩木。
7.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的一种高耐候性木塑实木复合门,其特征在于密封条的材质为改性聚氯乙烯、三元乙丙橡胶、热塑性弹性体或者硅橡胶材料。
8.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的一种高耐候性木塑实木复合门,其特征在于所述的热塑性塑料是聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚苯乙烯、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物和聚氯乙烯中一种或几种的混合物,或者热塑性塑料是聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚苯乙烯中的一种或几种的混合物的马来酸酐接枝改性产物,热塑性塑料为原生料、再生料或者原生料与再生料的混合物。
9.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的一种高耐候性木塑实木复合门,其特征在于所述的木质纤维材料是木纤维粉、稻壳粉、竹纤维粉、麻纤维粉和秸秆纤维粉中的一种或者几种的混合物。
10.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的一种高耐候性木塑实木复合门,其特征在于所述的增强材料是聚酰胺纤维、聚酯纤维或碳纤维。
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