CN105941044A - Red soil hilly region eucalyptus forest clean felling slash biological soil fertility bettering method - Google Patents
Red soil hilly region eucalyptus forest clean felling slash biological soil fertility bettering method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105941044A CN105941044A CN201610328469.7A CN201610328469A CN105941044A CN 105941044 A CN105941044 A CN 105941044A CN 201610328469 A CN201610328469 A CN 201610328469A CN 105941044 A CN105941044 A CN 105941044A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
Abstract
The invention relates to a red soil hilly region eucalyptus forest clean felling slash biological soil fertility bettering method comprising the following steps: 1, carrying out equal height lofting in every 3-5 m slope distance from downhill to uphill of the clean felling slash, thus forming a belt reclaimation pattern; 2, reclaiming the first belt on the slope toe, leaving 5 belts, and reclaiming the 6th belt; 3, using radioisotope protactinium gamma rays to irradiate alfalfa seeds; 4, dressing seeds; 5, applying base fertilizer on a to-be-used land; 6, deep ploughing 20-25cm, flatting the surface, raking large soil blocks, solidifying the surface soil, trenching and sowing; 7, captiving chickens by turns from April; 8, timely cutting alfalfas for forage, intertilling, cleaning and topdressing; 9, not cutting the alfalfas in the 3rd year of 3 contentious herbage planting years, and totally plowing and burying the alfalfas for fertilizer. The method can utilize and reclaim barren lands, like the red soil hilly region eucalyptus forest clean felling slash, with high efficiency, thus changing local economy, and improving farmer incomes.
Description
Technical field
A kind of method that the present invention relates to Eucalyptus Stock mulch biological fertility betterment, particularly relates to a kind of hilllock, red soil mound Eucalyptus clear felling
The method of slash biological fertility betterment.
Background technology
Eucalyptus is the general name of Myrtaceae (Myrtaceae) Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus) seeds, and kind about more than 600 plants (Wei
Continue state, and 2015), most based on the most raw system, ice and snow system the most in the family way and middle raw system；The vitality of Eucalyptus is vigorous, and survival rate is high, raw
Long environment is extensive, and some kinds happiness light, have is heat-resisting ,-10 DEG C of low temperature of then ability having, and can plant on acid soil, also can fit
Answering basic soil, grown deep at soil layer, loose, that draining is good is most widely suited；Eucalyptus appearance forrns is graceful, and the four seasons are normal
Green grass or young crops, afforestation is first-selected, and tree crown is little, and the lower catch cropping of water saving suitably tree, leaves contains aromatic oil, has sterilization mosquito-repelling function, be public
The good green tree species in region, based on this, Eucalyptus is considered lucky plant, has " adult plants big tree, and big tree educates adult " good reputation；Eucalyptus
Of many uses, it is environmental protection seeds, is also that (eucalyptus wood is tough and tensile durable, is available for sleeper, bridge, building and artificial for commerical tree species
Containing eudesmol in plate materials, it is possible to make paper making raw material, the Eucalyptus globulus Labill of Eucalyptus and the Folium eucalypti globueli (Eucalyptus globulus Labill.) of straight-bar eucalyptus globulus, eucalyptus oil can be extracted, enter
Row oil refining.), can medicinal (eucalyptus leaves can enter Chinese medicine, both oral administration, it is also possible to external), go back edible, the feeding (tree of Eucalyptus
Root is edible, it is also possible to water intaking, has the numerous species eucalyptus leaves capable of using as feed).Therefore, Eucalyptus is widely used as fast-growing, high-yield woods
Seeds are cultivated, and strengthen the technological development research of Eucalyptus, constantly promote plantation afforestation technology, to promoting the exploitation by tree and whole woods
Industry resources sustainable development, all has profound significance.
Eucalyptus major part is grown in Australia continent, and over nearly 30 years, Eucalyptus is gradually moved northward, by the torrid zone to subtropical zone
Nan Yuan develops, and has the most become the strategic seeds of south China fast-growing, high-yield woods, and China's eucalyptus plantation area about 260 ×
104H, wherein Yunnan 23.6 X 104H, occupies the whole nation the 4th (Zhang Ronggui, 2007), and hillock, red soil mound is Eucalyptus Main Cultivation
Land type.
Eucalyptus speed fast (increasing 0.43m-1.31m, Pan Rugui, 1989 in Yujiang County, the Jiangxi year height of tree)；Root system enters
Soil is deep (within 3 years, raw Eucalyptus root system is as deep as 3m), and soil vertical amount of nutrients consumes big, causes soil productivity decline, standing forest yield to decline；
Therefore, the sustainable development maintaining eucalyptus plantation steady in a long-term has become domestic and international focus of attention, and Eucalyptus Stock mulch is trained
Fertilizer is basic work.
At present, relevant the research of Eucalypt concentrate on Eucalyptus Stand soil nutrient growth and decline, Plant Diversity, Biomass and organic C storage and
Eucalyptus hydrologic effect etc., these achievements in research, play bigger facilitation to eucalyptus plantation growth undoubtedly.In soil fertility
Cultivation aspect, (eucalyptus globulus under forefathers Zeng Zuoguo China South Subtropical Area of China lanceolata forest Stock mulch difference Artificial vegetation Recovery mode
Tree l generation, Eucalyptus 2nd generation, difference age of stand theropencedrymion) research (Li Guoping, 2014) of difference of soil physico-chemical property, and eucalyptus globulus
The method of tree Stock mulch biological fertility betterment is not reported.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, overcomes the deficiencies in the prior art, it is provided that a kind of hilllock, red soil mound Eucalyptus Stand is all
The method cutting down slash biological fertility betterment soil fertility, to fill up the domestic blank of the research of Eucalypt, it is provided that one had both been suitable for Eucalyptus Stock mulch
The method of biological fertility betterment, the method being suitable for again hilllock, red soil mound Eucalyptus Stock mulch biological fertility betterment, to recover Eucalyptus clear felling mark as early as possible
The soil fertility on ground, develops distinctive agricultural undertakings, and alleviates large area and plants the people ground contradiction in eucalyptus globulus area, revitalizes local economy.
The present invention solves its technical problem and employed technical scheme comprise that, the Eucalyptus Stand Stock mulch biology training of a kind of hilllock, red soil mound
The method of fertile soil fertility, comprises the following steps:
(1) Stock mulch is domatic apart from contour setting-out every 3-5m to going up a slope from descending so that it is the hay type cultivated in band；
(2) the toe mat woven of fine bamboo strips 1 band cultivation, 5 band, the i.e. the 6th band cultivation again, and so on, until slope is pushed up, by weeds, logging residue
Being stacked on the band of own cultivation, a width of 1 1.5m of heap, high lm, length, this Stock mulch method for cleaning claims " band corruption
Method "；Then wait high-band to cultivate remaining domatic carrying out, and it is stand-by to spread fertilizer over the fields Calx；
(3) by alfalfa seed (number alfalfa seed of preferably winning) radiosiotope protactinium gamma roentgenization, ray is strong
Degree Gr600, distance 1.8-2.2m, 1.8-2 hour time was irradiated, standby；
(4), before sowing, seed is first with water logging kind (time >=30 minute of immersion)；
1.8-2.2ml fruit type titanium fertilizer is added clear water 0.5～1.0kg, mixes well, make fruit type titanium fertilizer solution；
0.8-1.2g P-dissolving fungi is added 200-300ml clear water, makes P-dissolving fungi solution；
Local forest land red soil, human excrement are mixed in the ratio of 10:0.8-1.2:0.08-0.12 with Caulis et Folium Oryzae, retting one month
Above, air-dry, make air-dried mud powder；By 1kg seed, alfalfa seed is added 0.008-0.012kg with air-dried mud powder do
The ratio mixing of mud powder, then the ratio of 0.8-1.2g P-dissolving fungi is added in 1kg seed, add P-dissolving fungi solution；Press again
20kg seed adds the ratio that 1.8-2.2ml fruit type titanium is fertile, adds fruit type titanium fertilizer solution, seed dressing；
The seed dressing method of graminous pasture (annual bluegrass, Paspalum distichum) is identical with alfalfa seed, but need not add air-dried mud powder, can
To be mixed into fine earth or fine sand to utilize uniformly sowing；
(5) land used basal dressing is treated；
(6) after land used basal dressing, 20～25 cm are ploughed deeply；After ploughing, face, smooth good railway carriage or compartment, rake, harrow broken large clod, make table
Soil becomes real；Water furrow planting；
(7) stable breeding chicken in turn is played April；
(8) cradle in time as feedstuff；Intertillage, remove impurity after cradling, topdress；
(9) herbaceous plant does not cradles after planting 3 years continuously, all turns over to bury and makees fertilizer.
(1st) step, the line linear distance of described setting-out (really band away from) depending on the gradient of Stock mulch, the gradient >=200
Time, line linear distance 3 ± 0.2m is suitable, horizontal range 2.0 ± 0.2m after whole good band；The gradient≤200Time, line linear distance 5 ± 0.2m
Suitably, horizontal range 4.0 ± 0.2m after whole good band.
(2nd) step, described in bank up the spacing interval between shelterbelt of logging residue band, depending on logging residue is how many, typically at 20m
Above or 5 band stays 1 band；Other is domatic carries out after band cultivates, the consumption that face, railway carriage or compartment limes be 700-800kg/h (preferably
750kg/h).
Described (3rd) step, test seed is carried out " irradiation " and processes, i.e. by described alfalfa seed gamma Irradiation exactly
Seed, through the gamma roentgenization of protactinium, makes the gene of each economical character of Seed Development yield undergo mutation.Test shows, this
Seed and non-irradiated seed are under the conditions of planting on an equal basis, and grass yield is doubled.Seed illuminating is one of bright spot of the present invention.
Described (5th) step, described in treat that land used basal dressing imposes on the nutrient contents such as biological organic fertilizer fertilizer completely exactly
Soil table, consumption 3000-3500kg/h, because phosphorus can improve Herba Medicaginis fresh yield and Seed germinating ability；Potassium is necessary by Herba Medicaginis
Element, nitrogen is to manufacture chlorophyll and the required element of protein, and N P and K mixing can improve the yield and quality of Herba Medicaginis,
If used with nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer by barnyard manure simultaneously, the fertilizer efficiency of nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer can be made to double, the present invention selects biological organic fertilizer to make base manure
With the two of the bright spot being the present invention of topdressing.
(6th) step, described in treat land used wholely, water furrow planting, ditch width 10-12cm, ditch depth 1-2cm, ditch is away from 15-18cm；2
Moon sowing, broadcasts alfalfa, the amount of broadcasting 15～22.5kg/h in ditch, other in the ranks broadcasts graminous pasture, the amount of broadcasting 30～60kg/h
㎡。
(7th) step, rises and raise chicken in turn scattered described April, and one is in turn, i.e. Enclosure, sows herbage, in grass layer in batches
Raising chickens during high 15 ± 2Cm, be allowed to the browse that searches for food, chicken is put 5-7 days in a district, and this benefit in turn is mainly chicken contact chicken manure just
Probability reduce, fowl disease is few；Two is to raise scattered, and Xiang Nan gets warm again after a cold spell to 9 from temperature in April, mercury dropped in October, total 5-6 month,
Can raise chickens every year 2 batches, 1 crowd of 750-2250/h, annual 1500-4500/h (annual every mu of poultry 100-300 is only).
[100 chickens are put in the plantation such as annual 0.066h Fructus Lycii, Fructus Hippophae, pear and date-printing blocks in a suitable place to breed, use fence rotation grazing on an area basis, put 7d and change plot (Lee
Rui Qin, 2008).General sylvan life is raised density 300～350/667 scattered and (is i.e. utilized Wild Grass, not rotation grazing, only give chicken one
The breeding way of sports center), understory vegetation is herded cultivation density and is advisable (in underwood planting high-quality with 40～50/667
Herbage, uses and draws block rotation grazing on an area basis, keeps the breeding way that meadow utilizes for a long time) (Gu Yongfen, 2008)].Obtain pure by every chicken
10 yuan of meters of profit, annual poultry net income 1.5 × 104-4.5×104Unit/h.Slash kind grass poultry, improving slash income is this
The three of brightened dot.
(8th) step, described cradling in time when referring to bloom 10-15% cradles, toothing 6-8Cm；Alfalfa seed of the present invention enters
Having gone gamma Irradiation, grass yield kind turns over, and year provides greenfeed 12.487 × 104Kg/h (8324.9kg/667), presses
0.1 yuan/kg calculates, the greenfeed output value 1.2487 × 104Unit, deducts cost, every h slash net income 0.7 × 104Unit.Foster and apply fertilizer in slash
Should be the leaven ground, herbage tiling ground cradled, but the extra earning that bears in memory, while obtaining good ecological benefits, also obtaining can fertilely
See economic benefit, this be the present invention bright spot four.Intertill after cradling, remove weeds, chase after biological organic fertilizer 750kg/h.
Described (9th) step, described all turns over that to bury be that alfalfa cultivation does not cradles on the 3rd year for the last time, but turns over and bury.
The present invention fells and after logging, by a large amount of branch being retained on cutting area, waste wood, the wood, topwood, rotten of falling
Wood, rattan, the grass logging residue such as class, shrub in addition suitable cleaning are called slash disposal, also known as slash disposal.Cleaning
Method is a lot, is summed up can be divided into transporting and utilizes method, piles up method of cleaning and baked wheaten cake method three kinds.Concrete which kind of method of applying, main
Knack is due to economic condition, land occupation condition and system of cutting etc..The present invention uses the band corruption method piled up in method of cleaning.This method
Saving of labor, after residue rots, can increase the ash in soil and the content of organic matter, soil microorganism the most also can be caused to exist
There is favourable change on value volume and range of product, make soil fertility be improved, prevent erosion, at montane with special
On barren chisley soil earth, this method advantages.
The present invention is in order to create higher economic benefits, and method for cleaning can use to transport and utilize method, because logging residue
Quantity be sizable, account for according to statistics fell the volume of timber 20%-30% (Qiao Jijing, 2012), these logging residues are transported
Go out, be fully used, be significant with supporting nation-building to increasing income.
The method of hilllock, the red soil mound Eucalyptus Stock mulch biological fertility betterment of the present invention, it is to be cultivated, use " band by Stock mulch band
Rotten method " clear up, select high yield alfalfa variety-triumph Herba Medicaginis, alfalfa seed gamma roentgenization, herbage pre-sowing treatment, use and support
Point comprehensive fertilizer of content make base manure, in turn stable breeding chicken, in time cradle topdress for intertillage after raising, cradling, continuously plantation within 3 years, turn over
The link composition such as bury.Use the present invention, hilllock, red soil mound this difficulty of Eucalyptus Stock mulch can be made to utilize land resourceization efficient profit
With (annual per hectare can stable breeding chicken 1500-4500 only, it is provided that feedstuff 12.5 × 104Kg, creates net income 2.2 × 104-5.2×104
Unit), be conducive to changing local economy and fall behind, the situation that farmers' income is low.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
1. setting-out
(1) setting-out principle.According to " contour to, the widest, the most curved make use of momentum, little curved cut-off, road ditch supporting, rationally distributed " former
Then.
(2) setting-out (band is cultivated) standard.It is typically designed band height 50-60cm, band face width 2.0-4.0m, soil depth 40-
50cm；Block water ridge height 20cm, wide 30cm outside zone face, the horizontal ring each 20cm of ditch depth width inside zone face, band be arranged above level
Keep away Great Gulch, specification 30cm × 30cm；Interband arranges that 1.5m indulges to road；Longitudinal drainage ditch is joined in roadside.
2. band is cultivated:
(1) order cultivated by band.First construct the band of logging residue of banking up, after being banked up by logging residue, by whole domatic band
Cultivate.
(2) method cultivated by band.Start to build by sequence from low to uper part from longitudinal highway sideline.First the stripping of table soil is moved on one side,
Then fetch earth above horizontal stripes sample and be filled to lower section, fill out while tamp, until reaching zone face is high outside and low outside shape；Again in zone face
Side ditching, deep a width of 20cm, its soil builds the low bank of earth between fields outside band.Finally by the former table soil mud on one side that moves to zone face.
3. gamma roentgenization.By No. four alfalfa seed gamma rays of radioisotope protactinium of triumph, by force
Degree Gr600, distance 2m, time 2 h is irradiated, and with the planting seed through treatment with irradiation, its seeding stage shifts to an earlier date 3 days, reaches
The suitableeest cut issue grass layer natural height improves 6.2Cm, year green forage yield height 163.9%-265.8% (table 1).
4. seed treatment.
(1) seed dressing method.Before sowing, seed is first by water logging kind (the 30 minutes time of immersion)；
2ml fruit type titanium fertilizer is added clear water 1.0kg, mixes well, make fruit type titanium fertilizer solution；
1g P-dissolving fungi is added 200ml clear water, makes P-dissolving fungi solution；
Local forest land red soil, human excrement are mixed in the ratio of 10:1:0.1 with Caulis et Folium Oryzae, retting one month, air-dry, make air-dried
Mud powder；The ratio that alfalfa seed adds 0.01kg dry mud powder with air-dried mud powder in 1kg seed is mixed, then presses 1kg kind
Son adds the ratio of 1g P-dissolving fungi, adds P-dissolving fungi solution；The ratio that 2ml fruit type titanium is fertile is added again in 20kg seed,
Add fruit type titanium fertilizer solution, seed dressing；
The seed dressing method of graminous pasture (annual bluegrass, Paspalum distichum) is identical with alfalfa seed, but need not add air-dried mud powder, mixed
Enter fine earth to utilize uniformly sowing；
(2) P-dissolving fungi effect is mixed.2010, carried out seed to mix molten phosphorus true in plate shale Red soil low-hilly land district, sulfur town, Hengnan County
Bacterium is tested；Test sets 3 process, and P-dissolving fungi liquid (1kg seed 1g P-dissolving fungi add water 200ml) adjusts forest land red soil to dress seed
(processing 1), 200ml water adjust reddish yellow mud seed dressing (processing 2), white seed (processing 3), are all plot experiments, plot area 10x3.3m=
Repeating for 33,3 times, random district group arranges；Trial zone surrounding sets 1.2m width protection row.As a result, 1 growth cycle of alfalfa
Afterwards (2011), different disposal dissolves the effect of soil insoluble phosphorus, processes in 1 (phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria seed dressing) arable layer aggregate sample soil
Available phosphorus content is 8.1mg/kg, process 2 (yellow mud seed dressings) are 6.1mg/kg, process 3 (white seeds) is 5.9mg/kg, the most relatively tries
Test available phosphorus content 5.8mg/kg in front arable layer aggregate sample soil, increase 2.3mg/kg, 0.3mg/kg, 0.1mg/kg, improve
39.6%, 5.2%, 1.7%, process 1 and test before phosphorus content between significant difference, process 2,3 and test before between difference do not show
Write.
(3) titanium solution effect is mixed.Titanium is the beneficial element of plant, and it can promote that plant is to nitrogen, phosphorus, the absorption of potassium
And operating, improve percentage of seedgermination and crops root system development, improve chlorophyll content and dry-matter accumulation.2010, at weighing apparatus
Fertile sulfur town, south has carried out seed and has mixed type titanium solution test in water；Test sets 3 process, and fruit type titanium solution (use by 20kg seed
2ml fruit type titanium fertilizer adds clear water 1.0kg and adjusts the dry mud powder of yellow mud forest land red soil and human excrement Caulis et Folium Oryzae retting, with Rhizobium Inoculation,
Fruit type titanium fertilizer promotes root nodule fast growth, and reduces the plant absorption to heavy metal-polluted soil), seed dressing (processing 1), 0.5kg water
Adjust forest land red soil seed dressing (processing 2), white seed (processing 3), be all plot experiment, plot area 10x3.3m=33, repeat for 3 times,
The group arrangement of random district；Trial zone surrounding sets 1.2m width protection row.As a result, after 1 growth cycle of alfalfa (2011), often
Square metre overground part fresh grass amount, 0-30Cm soil layer root amount, process 1 than processing 2 and be respectively increased 17.8%, 19.2%, and ratio processes 3 raisings
18.6%, 19.8%, difference is the most notable.
5. fertilising.
(1) fertilizer test design.2011, in Hunan, sulfur town in Hengnan County carried out fertilizer variety test；Jun Shi community
Test, plot area 20x10m=200, do not set repetition；If chemistry N, P, K fertilizer make base manure and topdress (process 1), chemistry N, P,
K fertilizer make base manure+biological organic fertilizer topdress (process 2), biological organic fertilizer make base manure+chemistry N, P, K fertilizer topdress (process 3),
Biological organic fertilizer makees base manure and topdress (processing 4) etc..Sowing on April 7th, 2011 alfalfa, surveys the mat woven of fine bamboo strips and cradles for the 1, the 2nd, the 3rd time
Green forage yield.
(2) test effect compares.4 fertilizer variety collocation process compares, and the alfalfa mat woven of fine bamboo strips cradles fresh grass the 1, the 2nd, the 3rd time
Yield all follows process 4 > process 3 > process 2 > process 1；Process 4 and relatively process 1, secondary green forage yield height 0.75-0.96kg/, increase
Productivity is 15.2%-18.6% (table 2).
Sow the most wholely.Band is cultivated ground fragment earth, makes bulk mud stick together by bulk and become granular, then scatter seeds in face, railway carriage or compartment, lid
Soil 1cm(is actually drilling)；
7. raise chicken scattered.
(1) plant grass and raise the benefit of chicken scattered.Planting Grass raise scattered the feeding manner of broiler have many good qualities (Tao Yuhang,
2006): one is can to reduce feedstuff to put into, and generally, the concentrate needed for raising supplementary feeding on artificial pasture scattered only has drylot feeding
60%～70%；Two is to raise chicken scattered fully to expose to sunlight, and promotes the conversion of vitamin D, and chicken activity is many, comprehensive nutrition, body
Matter is good, can reduce the generation of disease；Three is available free of contamination feeding environment, has produced food；Four is can to obtain preferably
Economic benefit；Five is that up-front investment is few, and because raising chicken scattered, to hen house and to feed tool demands low.
(2) points for attention of chicken are raised scattered.Brood end, carried out all immunity inoculations and the chicken of temperature can be taken off can proceed to dissipate
Support.Raise scattered it should be noted that following several respects: anti-beast evil；Antitheft；Gas defence；Bad weather is not raised scattered；Grazing and supplementary feeding can be early, middle and late
Point carry out for 3 times, early, in each Dietary Supplement Dietary 20%～25%, the 2 complete remaining feedstuff of h supplementary feeding before darkness: grazing density is with often
Hectare 750-2250 is only advisable；Raise house stocking density scattered to be advisable with 15 every square metre；Drainage trenching is wanted around hen house, best
Henroost is laid in house；Make full use of compensatory growth, deliver first 1 month supplementary feeding perfect compound feed, and the most benefits, Quan Jinquan for sale
Go out；Carrying out rotation grazing on an area basis, specific practice, grazing net surrounds rotation grazing community, 5～7 d are herded in each community.Weather is good, rain
Water is sufficient, and when herbage growth is fast, about 20 d rotation grazing is once；Weather is poor, and rainwater is few, and temperature is low, and during herbage growth difference, 30 d are left
Right wheel is herded once.
(3) performance analysis of chicken is raised scattered.Hilllock, red soil mound Eucalyptus Stock mulch kind grass this production model of poultry, can dig
The ecological potential of pick slash kind grass, can save again the input that poultry produces, thus during improving Stock mulch biological fertility betterment
Economic benefit；The excellent natural environment in Stock mulch herbage garden is to produce green, nothing with the combination of sciences of modernization poultry technology
The basis of public hazards livestock products, yield is high, and quality is good；Labour force's effect can be given full play to simultaneously, improve output capacity and labor efficiency,
Also it is the new outlet of surplus rural labor.
8. cradle.
(1) cutting occasion.Usually, the dominant mowing grassland of graminous pasture cradled at heading stage, pulse family and other pair
The dominant mowing grassland of cotyledon herbage cradles coming into bloom.Because these periods cradle, the yield of herbage, the content of protein
The highest with total digestibility, say, that domestic animal can be most with the nutrient substance of digestibility and utilization.If being later than this period, albumen
The content of matter reduces, and crude fibre increases, and the most therefore the digestibility of herbage dry is substantially reduced.If above-mentioned optimum period, is cradled
Herbage dry in protein content, energy content and digestibility be set to 100%, be later than when cradling this period, the slowest one
It protein content declines 1%～2%, and the digestibility of graminous pasture declines 3%～4%, and leguminous forage declines 2%～3%,
Always can digest nutrient (energy) content and decline 0.5% (lifting is ancient beautiful, 2007).The growth and development stage of comprehensive herbage and solarization of mowing
Other conditions of system, the Clipping dates that the present invention is concrete is scheduled on come into bloom (15% blooms), and later aftergrass is also in this all one's life
The long stage cradles.
(2) Cutting.Cutting is regarding grassland types (artificial pasture, natural meadow) and heat condition difference not
With, it is to cradle once in 1 year at north arid, semiarid zone natural meadow, aftergrass is herded in order to cold season: and in south heat
The place that amount condition is good, Herbage regrowth power is strong, under conditions of human and material resources are allowed, also should cradle aftergrass in suitable period.
Artificial pasture is owing to there being artificial useful interference (seed treatment, intertill, fertilising etc.), and Cutting is more than natural meadow, 1 year
2-7 time, grass family cradles 2 times, and alfalfa cradles 7-8 time.The present invention sows spring, sows grass family then and cradles 2 times, purple
Herba Trigonellae Ruthenicae cradles 8 times；Within 2nd year, grass family cradles 4 times, and alfalfa cradles 10 times；Within 3rd year, grass family cradles 3 times, alfalfa
Cradle 8 times.
(3) height for the stubble left cradled.The height for the stubble left not only affects Yield and quality, and affects the growth of aftergrass.Stay
Stubble is too high, and production loss is big, and quality also to reduce (because blade loss is big, grass family grass blade culm base sugar content is higher)；Too
Low, the regeneration power of herbage weakens, and affects later yield.Therefore should use different by the difference of grassland types and Cutting
The height for the stubble left.The most relatively low xeromorph grass family meadow toothing 3-4cm, the most medium happiness moist grass family meadow toothing 8～
12cm, Alfalfa toothing 5-8cm.The height for the stubble left that second time cradles is than the first second highest 1-2cm.Meadow of the present invention is with Alfalfa
Ground be main+moistening grassland graminous pasture be auxiliary, therefore the height for the stubble left the former be 5cm, the latter is 6-8Cm.
(4) other points for attention.Cradle after other points for attention include cradling intertill, cradle after apply fertilizer, grass not high enough not
Herd, herbage growth stops stopping herding by the previous moon.2011, in Hunan, sulfur town in Hengnan County carried out hilllock, red soil mound Eucalyptus
The management points for attention test of Stock mulch artificial herbage land, if topdress after cradling (process 1), cradle after do not topdress (processing 2), cut
Intertill (process 3) after cutting, cradle after to herd (processing 5), grass layer when not intertilling (processing 4), grass layer sufficiently high (10-15Cm) inadequate
Herd (processing 6) during height (about 5Cm), herbage growth stops within first 1 month, only cutting (processing 7), herbage growth stops first 15 days left sides
(processing 8) is only cut on the right side；It is all plot experiment, plot area 20x10m=200, do not set repetition；On February 3rd, 2008, sowing was herded
Grass, surveys, green forage yield in 2010 in 2009 in 2008；Result of the test, 4 treatment factors on the impact of forage yield from greatly to
Little according to order for topdressing > stop cutting > intertillage > early herd；Topdressing after cradling on forage yield impact maximum, the green forage yield that do not topdresses successively decreases
58.2-226.7%, and successively decrease year after year；Next to that stop the phase of cutting, in 1 year, last 1 cutting occasion is postponed about 15 days, and the coming year is fresh
Herbage harvest reduces 2/3；Account for the mat woven of fine bamboo strips 3 be cradle after intertill, do not intertill the mat woven of fine bamboo strips underproduction 4.9% in 1 year, reduce year after year, the underproduction in the 3rd year
32.1%；To yield effect less be that grass layer not high enough herds (early herding), 1 year grass yield of the mat woven of fine bamboo strips subtracts 10.3%, (the table of the not underproduction later
3)。
9. turn over and bury.2008, in Hunan, sulfur town in Hengnan County carried out the Eucalyptus Stock mulch biological fertility betterment test of hilllock, red soil mound.
(1) test method.Test sets 2 process, and Eucalyptus Stock mulch kind herbage cradles and makees feedstuff, does not cradles for last 1 time
Turn over and bury (being called for short grass to raise, process 1), Eucalyptus Stock mulch kind herbage cradles tiling ground, does not cradle for last 1 time to turn over to bury and (is called for short grass
Fertilizer, processes 2), all with the front soil sample of test for comparison (Ck)；Plot area 20x10m=200, does not set repetition；In February, 2008 is broadcast
Herbage, in JIUYUE, 2010 is turned over and is buried (continuous cropping herbage 3 years), takes 0-30Cm, 30-60Cm, 60-before planting crop in mid-April, 2011 wholely
90Cm etc. 3 level soil sample measures soil organic matter content.
(2) result of the test.As shown in Table 4, before grass is raised (processing 1) and weed fertilizer (processing 2) soil organic matter content and is tested
The most all there were significant differences.Process 1,0～30,30 ~ 60 and 60 ~ 90 cm degree of depth soil layer contents of organic matter to be respectively increased than Ck
21.7%、10.2%、11.1%；Process 2,0～30,30-60 and 60-90cm degree of depth soil layer soil organic matter content carry respectively than Ck
High by 34.3%, 11.2%, 9.7%.This explanation, in the Eucalyptus Stock mulch biological fertility betterment of hilllock, red soil mound, either part herbage is also
(grass is raised), or all herbage also (weed fertilizer), after covering due to Organic substance, dead leaf, the residuum such as withered in degraded in soil, turn
Change, form agron, cause soil organic matter content to be continuously increased, increasing degree, weed fertilizer (turn over to bury with grass and make fertilizer grass
Raise (making feedstuff with grass, chicken manure makees fertilizer)；It addition, compare between two process, increasing degree 0-30Cm is notable, and soil below
Layer is not notable, mainly affects 30Cm soil layer, indirect proof after this explanation covering decomposition yet, and profound Source Organic Matter is mainly
Root system.
Claims (10)
1. the method for hilllock, red soil mound Eucalyptus Stand Stock mulch biological fertility betterment soil fertility, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) Stock mulch is domatic apart from contour setting-out every 3-5m to going up a slope from descending so that it is the hay type cultivated in band；
(2) the toe mat woven of fine bamboo strips 1 band cultivation, 5 band, the i.e. the 6th band cultivation again, and so on, until slope is pushed up, by weeds, logging residue
It is stacked on the band of own cultivation, a width of 1 1.5m of heap, high lm, length；Then high-band is waited to cultivate remaining domatic carrying out, and
Spread fertilizer over the fields Calx stand-by；
(3) by alfalfa seed radiosiotope protactinium gamma roentgenization, transmitted intensity Gr600, distance 1.8-2.2m, time
Between within 1.8-2 hour, be irradiated, standby；
(4), before sowing, seed first uses water logging kind；
1.8-2.2ml fruit type titanium fertilizer is added clear water 0.5～1.0kg, mixes well, make fruit type titanium fertilizer solution；
0.8-1.2g P-dissolving fungi is added 200-300ml clear water, makes P-dissolving fungi solution；
Local forest land red soil, human excrement are mixed in the ratio of 10:0.8-1.2:0.08-0.12 with Caulis et Folium Oryzae, retting one month
Above, air-dry, make air-dried mud powder；By 1kg seed, alfalfa seed is added 0.008-0.012kg with air-dried mud powder do
The ratio mixing of mud powder, then the ratio of 0.8-1.2g P-dissolving fungi is added in 1kg seed, add P-dissolving fungi solution；Press again
20kg seed adds the ratio that 1.8-2.2ml fruit type titanium is fertile, adds fruit type titanium fertilizer solution, seed dressing；
The seed dressing method of graminous pasture is identical with alfalfa seed, but need not add air-dried mud powder；
(5) land used basal dressing is treated；
(6) after land used basal dressing, 20～25 cm are ploughed deeply；After ploughing, face, smooth good railway carriage or compartment, rake, harrow broken large clod, make table
Soil becomes real；Water furrow planting；
(7) stable breeding chicken in turn is played April；
(8) cradle in time as feedstuff；Intertillage, remove impurity after cradling, topdress；
(9) herbaceous plant does not cradles after planting 3 years continuously, all turns over to bury and makees fertilizer.
The method of hilllock, red soil mound the most according to claim 1 Eucalyptus Stand Stock mulch biological fertility betterment soil fertility, it is characterised in that
(1st) step, the line linear distance of described setting-out depending on the gradient of Stock mulch, the gradient >=200Time, line linear distance is 3 ± 0.2m,
Horizontal range 2.0 ± 0.2m after whole good band；The gradient≤200Time, line linear distance is 5 ± 0.2m, horizontal range 4.0 after whole good band ±
0.2m。
The method of hilllock, red soil mound the most according to claim 1 and 2 Eucalyptus Stand Stock mulch biological fertility betterment soil fertility, its feature exists
In, (2nd) step, the consumption limed is 700-800kg/h.
The method of hilllock, red soil mound the most according to claim 1 and 2 Eucalyptus Stand Stock mulch biological fertility betterment soil fertility, its feature exists
In, described alfalfa seed is triumph alfalfa seed.
The method of hilllock, red soil mound the most according to claim 1 and 2 Eucalyptus Stand Stock mulch biological fertility betterment soil fertility, its feature exists
In, in (4th) step, graminous pasture is mixed into fine earth or fine sand sowing.
The method of hilllock, red soil mound the most according to claim 1 and 2 Eucalyptus Stand Stock mulch biological fertility betterment soil fertility, its feature exists
In, described (5th) step, described in treat that land used basal dressing is to impose on soil table, consumption 3000-3500kg/h with biological organic fertilizer, chase after
Biological organic fertilizer also used by fertilizer.
The method of hilllock, red soil mound the most according to claim 1 and 2 Eucalyptus Stand Stock mulch biological fertility betterment soil fertility, its feature exists
In, (6th) step, described in treat land used wholely, water furrow planting, ditch width 10-12cm, ditch depth 1-2cm, ditch is away from 15-18cm；February is broadcast
Kind, broadcast alfalfa, the amount of broadcasting 15～22.5kg/h in ditch, other in the ranks broadcasts graminous pasture, the amount of broadcasting 30～60kg/h public affairs
Jin.
The method of hilllock, red soil mound the most according to claim 1 and 2 Eucalyptus Stand Stock mulch biological fertility betterment soil fertility, its feature exists
In, (7th) step, rise described April and raise chicken in turn scattered, one is in turn, i.e. Enclosure, sows herbage in batches, high by 15 in grass layer
Raising chickens during ± 2Cm, be allowed to the browse that searches for food, chicken is put 5-7 days in a district；Two is to raise scattered, and Xiang Nan gets warm again after a cold spell to 9 from temperature in April, gas in October
Temperature decline, total 5-6 month, can raise chickens 2 batches every year, 1 crowd of 750-2250/h, annual 1500-4500/h.
The method of hilllock, red soil mound the most according to claim 1 and 2 Eucalyptus Stand Stock mulch biological fertility betterment soil fertility, its feature exists
In, (8th) step, described cradling in time when referring to bloom 10-15% cradles, toothing 6-8Cm；Intertill after cradling, remove weeds, chase after
Biological organic fertilizer 750kg/h.
The method of hilllock, red soil mound the most according to claim 1 and 2 Eucalyptus Stand Stock mulch biological fertility betterment soil fertility, its feature
It is, described (9th) step, described all turns over that to bury be that alfalfa cultivation does not cradles on the 3rd year for the last time, but turn over and bury.
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