CN105940909B

CN105940909B - Kiwi male and female plant configuration mode

Info

Publication number: CN105940909B
Application number: CN201610297200.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 涂美艳; 李明章; 江国良; 陈栋; 孙淑霞; 李靖; 杜晋城
Original assignee: Horticulture Research Institute of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Horticulture Research Institute of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2016-05-06
Filing date: 2016-05-06
Publication date: 2020-05-22
Anticipated expiration: 2036-05-06
Also published as: CN105940909A

Abstract

The invention discloses a male and female kiwi plant configuration method, which comprises the following steps: the male plants are intensively cultivated on two sides of the vacant land, the female plants are uniformly cultivated in the middle of the vacant land, and the ratio of the female plants to the male plants is 10-12: 1. By adopting the male and female plant configuration mode to cultivate and plant the kiwi fruits, the acre yield of the kiwi fruits is better improved, the cost saving and the efficiency increasing of kiwi fruit growers are realized, the time cost and the economic cost are saved, and meanwhile, a certain prevention effect on the kiwifruit canker is achieved; in addition, the invention also provides the most suitable pollination male plant of different kiwi fruit varieties and a corresponding configuration mode, and the special male plant is adopted for pollination, so that the fruit setting rate and the average single fruit weight of the kiwi fruit can be well improved, and the quality and the yield of the kiwi fruit are greatly improved.

Description

Kiwi male and female plant configuration mode

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of kiwi fruit cultivation, and particularly relates to a configuration mode of female plants and male plants of kiwi fruit.

Background

The kiwi fruit belongs to Actinidiaceae (Actinidiaceae) and Actinidia (Actinidia) deciduous vine fruit trees, and has juicy fruits, attractive flavor, fragrant smell, tender pulp texture, rich nutrition, rich antioxidant substances and higher health care and economic values.

The kiwi fruit is a male and female special-plant fruit tree, and the selection and configuration of a pollination male plant are the premise of ensuring the high yield and high quality of the kiwi fruit. At present, artificial supplementary measures are widely adopted for pollination in the planting of kiwi fruits, but the traditional male and female plant configuration mode is generally used for cultivating male and female plants in a ratio of 5-8: 1, and the male and female plants adopt a staggered cultivation mode, so that the configuration mode has the defects that the male plants are excessively dispersed, the collection of male flowers is time-consuming and labor-consuming, the male plants occupy 15-20% of land in unit area, the floor area of the female plants is severely limited, and farmers cannot generate any economic benefit. Meanwhile, most varieties have no special male plants in production, farmers are relatively random in male plant selection, and the problems of asynchronous flowering periods, poor pollen activity, poor affinity after pollination and the like are frequently caused to cause yield reduction or top harvest, so that the economic loss is relatively large.

On the other hand, in recent years, the problem of the kiwifruit canker disease is increasingly serious, and Italy gold peach varieties and red-yang kiwifruit planted in Shaanxi of China are almost covered by the whole army due to canker disease. The disease is caused by Pseudomonas syringae kiwi pathopoiesia variant (Pseudomonas syringae pv. actindia, Psa), is a destructive disease to kiwi fruits, mainly damages trunks, branches, leaves and flowers, causes trunk ulcer or wilting death of branches and leaves, generates dark brown leaves and has yellowish irregular spots. After the plants are damaged, diseases usually begin to occur from stem buds, skin holes, leaf drop marks and branch branches, disease spots are initially in a water stain shape, then are enlarged, the color is deepened, a cortex is separated from a xylem and is in a soft shape by hand extrusion, the cortex of the later disease part is in a longitudinal linear crack shape and flows out white mucus, the white mucus becomes reddish brown after a while, pathogenic bacteria infect the xylem to cause local ulcer and rot, and the color is black brown. At present, the prevention and treatment methods for the kiwifruit canker mainly comprise branch and trunk medicine coating, disease spot scraping and medicine applying, root irrigation, trunk transfusion or diseased tip removing and the like, but the effect of the method in actual production is not ideal, and different prevention and treatment time and specific operation of each method need to be paid attention to, so that the method is complicated.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems, and provides a kiwi fruit male and female plant configuration mode, which can better improve the yield per mu of kiwi fruit, realize cost saving and efficiency improvement of kiwi fruit growers, save time and economic cost, and play a certain role in preventing the kiwifruit canker; meanwhile, the invention also provides a special pollination male plant suitable for different kiwi fruit varieties and a configuration mode, and the special male plant is adopted for pollination, so that the quality and the yield of the kiwi fruit are both greatly improved.

One of the purposes of the invention is to provide a configuration mode of female and male kiwi fruit plants, and the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a configuration mode of female kiwi fruit plants and male kiwi fruit plants is characterized in that the male kiwi fruit plants are cultivated intensively on two sides of an open space, the female kiwi fruit plants are cultivated uniformly in the middle of the open space, and the ratio of the female kiwi fruit plants to the male kiwi fruit plants is 10-12: 1.

The configuration mode of the male and female plants generally suitable for kiwi fruit planting, which is recorded in the literature at present, is that the ratio of the male and female plants is 5-8: 1, and the male and female plants adopt a staggered cultivation mode, however, through a large amount of researches, the applicant finds that when the ratio of the male and female plants is increased to 10-12: 1, the pollination probability of kiwi fruit can be improved, the fruit setting rate and the average single fruit weight of kiwi fruit are improved, and the output of kiwi fruit is increased; and as the configuration of male plants is properly reduced, more than 10% of land area is saved for cultivating female plants, and the yield per mu can be improved by more than 300 kg. Meanwhile, the configuration mode of intensively cultivating male plants on two sides of the open space is adopted, the problem of over-dispersion of the male plants can be well solved, the good time-saving and labor-saving effects are achieved for collecting the male flowers, the workload is greatly improved in the same time cost, the time spent on completing the same workload is greatly shortened, and the overall cost-saving and efficiency-increasing effect can reach more than 3000 yuan per mu. However, when the ratio of male and female plants is out of the range of the present invention, experimental results show that the pollination of kiwi fruits is affected to a certain extent, the fruit setting rate and the average single fruit weight average of kiwi fruits are reduced correspondingly, and the economic benefit better than that of the traditional configuration mode cannot be generated.

On the other hand, the applicant unexpectedly finds that the female and male plant configuration mode can reduce the incidence rate of kiwifruit canker to a certain extent. Because the male plants are distributed between the female plants in a staggered manner in the traditional configuration mode, the male plants have higher probability of infecting the kiwifruit canker, the female plants in the staggered manner are easily infected with the kiwifruit canker after the male plants are infected with the kiwifruit canker, the canker rate of the traditional configuration mode is more than 35% after 3 years, and the disease rate of the kiwifruit canker is less than 15% after 3 years by adopting the configuration mode of the male and female plants, so that the disease index is well controlled.

Preferably, the flowering phase of the male plant is synchronous with or 2-3 days earlier than that of the female plant, the female and male plants meet to be more beneficial to pollination, meanwhile, the female plant has strong flowering potential and short and concentrated flowering phase, and the flowering phase of the male plant is 2-3 days earlier than that of the female plant, so that the female plant can be more effectively guaranteed to have full pollination chances, and in addition, the male plant can be used for breeding varieties with large pollen quantity, high pollen activity and strong affinity with the female plant, so that the fruit setting rate and the average single fruit weight after pollination can be more effectively improved.

The invention also aims to provide a special pollination male plant suitable for different kiwi fruit varieties and a configuration mode, so that the quality and the yield of the kiwi fruit are greatly improved compared with those of common kiwi fruit varieties, the disease resistance of the special male plant is high, the fruit setting rate and the average single fruit weight of the kiwi fruit after pollination are obviously improved, and the disease resistance effect is obvious.

The invention provides special pollination male plants of different varieties of kiwi fruits and a corresponding configuration mode as follows:

when the female plant of the kiwi fruit is red assorted No. 1, the male plant is one of SFM0809, CK1 and CK2, and the ratio of the female plant to the male plant is 10: 1.

When the female plant of the kiwi fruit is red fruit No. 2, the male plant is one of SFM0809, CK1 and CK2, and the ratio of the female plant to the male plant is 10: 1.

When the female plant of the kiwi fruit is Jinshi No. 1, the male plant is SF-M0828, and the ratio of the female plant to the male plant is 12: 1.

When the female plant of the kiwi fruit is Jinshi No. 2, the male plant is SF-M0815, and the ratio of the female plant to the male plant is 12: 1.

When the female plant of the kiwi fruit is Cuishi No. 1, the male plant is SF-MEA01, and the ratio of the female plant to the male plant is 12: 1.

When the female plant of the kiwi fruit is Baobeixing, the male plant is SF-MAA01, and the ratio of the female plant to the male plant is 10: 1.

When the female plant of the kiwi fruit is red, the male plant is one of SF-HY-M1, CK12 and CK1, and the ratio of the female plant to the male plant is 10: 1.

When the female plant of the kiwi fruit is Honghua, the male plant is CQ-Hhua-M-1, and the ratio of the female plant to the male plant is 10: 1.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. compared with the traditional configuration, the configuration mode of the invention improves the yield of the kiwi fruit and saves the cost, and the morbidity of the kiwi fruit canker is well reduced;

2. the invention provides a special male plant suitable for different kiwi fruit varieties, and by adopting the male plant and a corresponding configuration mode, the quality and the yield of kiwi fruits of corresponding varieties are greatly improved, and the disease resistance effect is better.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a traditional arrangement of male and female kiwi plants;

FIG. 2 is a plan view of the concentrated arrangement of male and female kiwi plants at two sides of the corners;

wherein: the male parent represents the female plant of the kiwi fruit, and the male parent represents the male plant of the kiwi fruit.

Detailed Description

The present invention is described in detail below by way of examples, and it should be noted that the following examples are only for illustrating the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

Test site: zun Daozhou Zhen Huacun in Mianzhu city

The test method comprises the following steps: when a garden is built in 2011, male and female plants in a configuration mode shown in table 1 are adopted for cultivating kiwi fruits, wherein the male plant in a staggered configuration mode is shown in fig. 1, the male plant in a concentrated cultivation configuration mode is shown in fig. 2, and lower case letters behind numerical values represent that obvious differences exist among treatments (P is less than 0.05). The influence of male and female plant ratio and male plant configuration mode of kiwi fruits on the yield and output value of kiwi fruits is examined, and the obtained results are shown in table 1:

the male plants are concentrated in the configuration mode, so that the pollen does not run all over the ground when being collected, and the pollination working efficiency can be improved, so that the influence of the cultivation mode of the male plants on the working timeliness is firstly examined. Under the same male and female plant proportion, the average time consumption of collecting 10kg male flowers under two male plant configuration modes is calculated, and the male plant cultivation mode saves about 20% of pollen collection working hours compared with the traditional staggered cultivation mode.

TABLE 1 influence of different configuration of male and female plants on fruit quality

From table 1, it can be seen that when the ratio of male and female plants of kiwi fruits is 10-12: 1, and the male plants are configured in a centralized cultivation manner, the yield per unit area and the output value of kiwi fruits are significantly improved, and when the ratio of male and female plants is not within the range, the yield per unit area and the output value of kiwi fruits are lower by adopting a relatively high-efficiency male plant centralized cultivation manner.

The influence of continuous frost weather in 2012 of the test park shows that the ulcer disease is firstly found, and the annual incidence rate is below 2%, and no obvious difference exists among treatments. However, as male plants are scattered in the garden in the current year in a conventional mode, the probability of infection of canker by the male plants is high, after pollination by pollen of the male plants, the morbidity of canker in the garden in 2013 is obviously increased compared with the configuration mode of the invention, and the disease index of the same variety is obviously higher than that of the scheme. After 2 years, the incidence of the ulcer diseases in the garden is investigated again, and the incidence of the ulcer diseases in the garden is found to be increased in the case of the present invention compared with the prior year, but the change range is small, and the disease index is in a descending trend, but the incidence of the ulcer diseases in the garden reaches more than 35% in the conventional mode, and the disease index is 4-5 times of that in the case, as shown in table 2.

TABLE 2 influence of different configuration modes of male and female plants on the incidence of kiwifruit canker

Example 2

Taking red assorted No. 1 as a female plant, adopting the configuration mode of a table 3 to cultivate male and female kiwi plants, examining the pollination effect of different male plants on the red assorted No. 1 kiwi plants, and obtaining the results as the following table 3:

TABLE 3 Effect of different Male pollination strains of Red Sha No. 1 on fruit quality

As can be seen from Table 3, the pollinated males of Hongshi No. 1 are SFM0809, Ck1 and CK2, the fruit set rate and average single fruit weight are the best, and the yield per unit area and yield value are the highest at a male-female ratio of 10:1, and thus the most suitable pollinated males of Hongshi No. 1 are identified as SFM0809, CK1 and CK2, and the male-female ratio is 10: 1.

Example 3

The best pollinated male plant and the ratio of male and female plants were examined by using red yang as female plant, and the results are shown in Table 4.

TABLE 4 influence of pollination of different male plants in Red Yang on fruit quality

As can be seen from Table 4, the pollinated male plant of red yang is SF-HY-M1, when the ratio of the male plant to the female plant is 10:1, the fruit setting rate and the average single fruit weight are optimal, the yield per unit area and the yield value are highest, so that the pollinated male plant of red yang is determined to be SF-HY-M1, and the ratio of the male plant to the female plant is 10: 1.

Example 4

The male pollination strain of Jinshi No. 1 was examined by the method of example 2 and screened from the male strain widely used in production to obtain the most pollinated male strain of Jinshi No. 1 as SF-M0828 with the male-female strain ratio of 12: 1.

Example 5

The suitable pollination male plant of red fruit No. 2 was examined by the method of example 2, and screened from the male plants widely used in production, and the optimum pollination male plant of red fruit No. 2 was obtained as SFM0809, CK1, CK2, with a female-male plant ratio of 10: 1.

Example 6

The male pollination plant of Jinshi No. 2 was examined by the method of example 2 and screened from the male plants widely used in production to obtain the most pollinated male plant of Jinshi No. 2 as SF-M0815, with a male-female plant ratio of 12: 1.

Example 7

Suitable pollinating male plants of Seashi No. 1 were examined by the method of example 2, and screened from the male plants widely used in production, to obtain the most suitable pollinating male plant of Seashi No. 1 as SF-MEA01 with a male-female plant ratio of 12: 1.

Example 8

The suitable pollination male plant of Babesian star was examined by the method of example 2 and screened from the male plants widely used in production to obtain the optimum pollination male plant of Babesian star SF-MAA01 with a male-female plant ratio of 10: 1.

Example 9

The suitable pollination male plant of Honghua was examined by the method of example 2 and screened from the male plants widely used in production to obtain the optimum pollination male plant of Honghua CQ-Hhua-M-1 with a male-female plant ratio of 10: 1.

Claims

1. A configuration mode of female kiwi fruit plants and male kiwi fruit plants is characterized in that the male kiwi fruit plants are cultivated intensively on two sides of an open space, the female kiwi fruit plants are cultivated uniformly in the middle of the open space, and the ratio of the female kiwi fruit plants to the male kiwi fruit plants is 10-12: 1;

when the female plant of the kiwi fruit is red assorted No. 1, the male plant is one of SFM0809, CK1 and CK2, and the ratio of the female plant to the male plant is 10: 1;

when the female plant of the kiwi fruit is red fruit No. 2, the male plant is one of SFM0809, CK1 and CK2, and the ratio of the female plant to the male plant is 10: 1;

when the female plant of the kiwi fruit is Jinshi No. 1, the male plant is SF-M0828, and the ratio of the female plant to the male plant is 12: 1;

when the female plant of the kiwi fruit is Jinshi No. 2, the male plant is SF-M0815, and the ratio of the female plant to the male plant is 12: 1;

when the female plant of the kiwi fruit is Cuishi No. 1, the male plant is SF-MEA01, and the ratio of the female plant to the male plant is 12: 1;

when the female plant of the kiwi fruit is Baobeixing, the male plant is SF-MAA01, and the ratio of the female plant to the male plant is 10: 1;

when the female plant of the kiwi fruit is red, the male plant is one of SF-HY-M1, CK12 and CK1, and the ratio of the female plant to the male plant is 10: 1;

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the male and female plants of kiwi fruit are arranged such that the male plant has a flowering time that is synchronized with or 2-3 days earlier than the flowering time of the female plant.