CN105925846A - 一种Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105925846A CN105925846A CN201610470779.2A CN201610470779A CN105925846A CN 105925846 A CN105925846 A CN 105925846A CN 201610470779 A CN201610470779 A CN 201610470779A CN 105925846 A CN105925846 A CN 105925846A
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 59
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin hydride Chemical compound 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[Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium Chemical group data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C16/00—Alloys based on zirconium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
- B21C23/04—Making uncoated products by direct extrusion
- B21C23/08—Making wire, bars, tubes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/04—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of bars or wire
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/16—Remelting metals
- C22B9/20—Arc remelting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making alloys
- C22C1/02—Making alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making alloys by melting using master alloys
Abstract
本发明提供了一种Zr‑Sn‑Nb‑Hf合金棒材,由以下质量百分比的成分组成:Sn 0.8%~1.2%,Nb 0.2%~0.4%,Hf 0.8%~1.6%,余量为Zr和不可避免的杂质。本发明还提供了一种制备该合金棒材的方法,包括以下步骤:一、真空非自耗电弧熔炼制备Sn‑Nb‑Hf中间合金;二、破碎Sn‑Nb‑Hf中间合金,并与海绵Zr混合均匀,压制成电极;三、真空自耗电弧熔炼,得到铸锭;四、热挤压,得到半成品棒坯;五、热挤压,得到Zr‑Sn‑Nb‑Hf合金棒材。本发明Zr‑Sn‑Nb‑Hf合金棒材具有优异的室温和高温强度以及良好的塑性,能够作为下一代高燃耗条件下的结构材料。
Description
技术领域
[000Ί]本发明属于合金材料技术领域,具体涉及一种Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材及其制备方法。
背景技术
[0002]锆合金由于具有低的中子吸收截面,优良的堆内腐蚀性能,良好的加工性能和机械性能等特点,在核反应堆得到了广泛的应用。核燃料元件包壳锆合金是核动力反应堆的关键核心材料之一,核动力的先进性、安全可靠性和经济性与所用包壳材料的性能密切相关。在过去的几十年里压水堆燃料元件包壳用锆合金在堆内的使用性能是令人满意的。但是,随着核动力反应堆技术朝着提高燃料燃耗和降低燃料循环成本,提高反应堆热效率,提高安全可靠性的方向发展,这就要求包壳材料承受更高的温度和辐照计量并保持高的稳定性。目前,传统的锆合金不能满足先进核动力反应堆的使用要求,必须研制新型的锆合金。
[0003]在改善锆合金的性能研究方面,最突出的研究成果是研制出了低锡Zr-4合金,低锡Zr-4由于没有超出Zr-4合金的标准成分范围,只是进行了成分调整,此外,加工工艺采用低温加工,保证合金具有理想的显微组织结构,因此,使其综合性能显著提高,因而被迅速用于核工程。低锡Zr-4合金被看作锆合金的第二代先进新材料。在对材料的高燃耗要求面前,Zr-Sn系合金的性能已到了极限,因此,发达国家都在积极地开展深燃耗下第三代锆合金的研究工作,其特点是在错合金中都加入一定量Nb元素以提高合金的综合性能。
[0004]美国研制的Zr-Sn-Nb系Zirlo合金(Zr-1.0Sn-1.0Nb-1.0Fe),1995年达到工业规模应用。采用低温工艺随后β淬火处理生产的包壳管,该合金显微结构含有细小分布均匀的第二相粒子。在反应堆运行下,该合金的拉伸性能、耐腐蚀性能、燃料棒辐照增长和抗蠕变性能均较常规Zr-4和低锡Zr-4合金优越,用Zirlo合金制造的组件达55GWd/tU,与标准组件比较,燃料循环费用下降13〜14 %。前苏联研制的Zr-Sn-Nb系E635合金(Zr-1.0Sn-1.0Nb-0.35Fe)。该合金的显微结构主要由α晶粒和第二相组成。组成粒子有三种形式:主要是密排六方结构Zr (Nb,Fe) 2相,还有四方晶格的(Zr,Nb) 2Fe相和正交晶系的(Zr,Nb) 3Fe相。综合性能明显优于Zr-4合金,也优于Zr-1.0 % Nb合金。
[0005] 然而,由于这些Zr-Sn-Nb系合金中添加了过渡金属Fe、Cr和Ni等,形成了 Zr2(Fe,Ni )Zintl相、Zr(Cr,Fe)2Laves相,以及含Nb的(ZrNb)3、Fe(ZrNb)2、FeZr(FeNb)2、(ZrNb)3Fe等脆性相,这些金属间化合物第二相降低了材料的塑性,同时含有过渡金属的第二相粒子经中子辐照后会溶入基体中,从而使第二相的密度和尺寸发生变化,降低了合金的耐蚀性能。此外,在制备锆合金过程中引入的氧和碳等杂质元素也对材料的性能产生了不利影响。
发明内容
[0006]本发明所要解决的技术问题在于针对上述现有技术的不足,提供一种Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材,该Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材的室温抗拉强度为617MPa〜725MPa、室温延伸率为25 %〜37 %,在4500C的抗拉强度为433MPa〜515MPa、延伸率为39%〜53 %,由此证明该Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材具有优异的室温和高温强度以及良好的塑性等特点,能够作为下一代高燃耗条件下的结构材料。
[0007]为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案是:一种Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材,其特征在于,由以下质量百分比的成分组成:Sn 0.8%〜1.2%,Nb 0.2%〜0.4%,Hf 0.8%〜1.6%,余量为Zr和不可避免的杂质。
[0008]上述的一种Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材,其特征在于,由以下质量百分比的成分组成:Sn 0.9%〜l.l%,Nb 0.25%〜0.35%,Hf I.0%〜I.4%,余量为Zr和不可避免的杂质。
[0009]上述的一种Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材,其特征在于,由以下质量百分比的成分组成:Sn 1.0%,Nb 0.3%,Hf 1.2%,余量为Zr和不可避免的杂质。
[00ΊO]另外,本发明还提供了一种制备上述Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材的方法,其特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤:
[0011 ]步骤一、将高纯Sn、高纯Nb和高纯Hf置于非自耗真空电弧炉中,在氩气保护,熔炼温度为2600〜2800°C的条件下熔炼I〜3次,得到成分均匀的Sn-Nb-Hf中间合金;
[0012]步骤二、将步骤一中所述Sn-Nb-Hf中间合金进行机械破碎,然后将破碎后的Sn-Nb-Hf中间合金与海绵Zr混合均匀后压制成型,得到电极;
[0013]步骤三、将步骤二中所述电极置于真空自耗电弧炉中,在真空度不大于3 X 10—2Pa的条件下真空电弧熔炼I〜3次,随炉冷却后进行扒皮处理,得到铸锭;所述真空电弧熔炼的电流为7kA〜9kA,所述真空电弧熔炼的电压为30V〜40V ;
[0014] 步骤四、将步骤三中所述铸锭在挤压温度为600°C〜800°C,挤压比为7〜9的条件下进行挤压,自然冷却后进行扒皮处理,得到半成品棒坯;
[0015] 步骤五、将步骤四中所述半成品棒坯在挤压温度为500°C〜700°C,挤压比为4〜6的条件下进行挤压,自然冷却后进行扒皮处理,得到Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材。
[0016] 上述的方法,其特征在于,步骤一中所述高纯Sn、高纯Nb和高纯Hf的质量纯度均不小于99 %。
[0017]上述的方法,其特征在于,步骤二中所述海绵Zr的质量纯度不小于99%。
[0018] 上述的方法,其特征在于,步骤四中所述挤压温度为650°(:〜750°(:,挤压比为7.5
〜8.5o
[0019] 上述的方法,其特征在于,步骤五中所述挤压温度为550°C〜650°C,挤压比为4.5
〜5.5o
[0020]本发明与现有技术相比具有以下优点:
[0021] 1、本发明采用真空自耗电弧熔炼+二次挤压工艺过程制备Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材,所制合金棒材的室温抗拉强度为617MPa〜725MPa、室温延伸率为25%〜37%,在450°C条件下的抗拉强度为433MPa〜515MPa、延伸率为39%〜53%,该Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf•合金棒材具有优异的室温和高温强度以及良好的塑性等特点,能够作为下一代高燃耗条件下的结构材料。
[0022] 2、由于Hf元素与氧和碳元素有较高的亲和力,将Hf元素添加到Zr-Sn-Nb系合金中,一方面降低了氧和碳元素在基体中的含量,减少了氧在晶界处的偏聚,使晶界结合力增强,改善了合金的塑性;另一方面,Hf元素与氧、碳形成HfO2和HfC颗粒,HfO2和HfC颗粒均匀分布基体中,极大提高了合金的室温和高温强度。
[0023 ] 3、本发明采用二次挤压工艺挤压Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金,使Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金在较低的温度下产生严重的塑性变形,有利于破碎和细化粗大的铸态组织,同时在变形过程中微观组织发生重排,使细小的HfO2和HfC强化相均匀分布在延性锆基体中,这种理想的微观组织使Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金具有良好的室温塑性和很高的高温强度,同时消除了在合金制备过程中产生的孔洞等缺陷,提高了材料使用的可靠性。另外,采用二次挤压工艺使Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金在较低的温度和挤压比条件下进行,减少了变形抗力,降低了对模具和挤压设备的要求。
[0024]下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
附图说明
[0025]图1 (a)为本发明实施例1制备的Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材的显微组织SEM照片。
[0026]图1 (b)为本发明实施例1制备的Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材的显微组织TEM照片。
具体实施方式
[0027] 实施例1
[0028] 本实施例Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材由以下质量百分比的原料制成:Sn 1.0% ,Nb0.3%,Hf 1.2%,余量为Zr和不可避免的杂质。
[0029]本实施例Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材的制备方法包括以下步骤:
[0030] 步骤一、将高纯Sn、高纯Nb和高纯Hf放入非自耗真空电弧炉里;先抽真空至小于IX 10—2Pa,然后充入氩气,在氩气保护下,在熔炼温度为2700 V下熔炼3次,得到成分均匀的Sn-Nb-Hf中间合金;所述高纯Sn、高纯Nb和高纯Hf的质量纯度均不小于99 % ;
[0031]步骤二、将步骤一中所述Sn-Nb-Hf中间合金进行机械破碎,然后将破碎后的Sn-Nb-Hf中间合金与海绵Zr混合均匀后压制成型,得到电极;所述海绵Zr的质量纯度不小于99% ;
[0032]步骤三、将步骤二中所述电极置于真空自耗电弧炉中,在真空度不大于3 X 10—2Pa的条件下真空自耗电弧熔炼3次,随炉冷却后进行扒皮处理,得到铸锭;所述真空电弧熔炼的电流为8kA,所述真空电弧熔炼的电压为35V;
[0033]步骤四、将步骤三中所述铸锭在挤压温度为700°C,挤压比为8的条件下进行挤压,自然冷却后进行扒皮处理,得到半成品棒坯;
[0034]步骤五、将步骤四中所述半成品棒坯在挤压温度为600°C,挤压比为5的条件下进行挤压,自然冷却后进行扒皮处理,得到Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材。
[0035]本发明实施例1制备的Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材的显微组织如图1 (a)和图1 (b)所示,其中图1(a)和图1(b)分别是其扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)照片。从图1(a)中可以看出,本实施例制备的Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材由于经过二次热挤压,Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金在较低的温度下经受了剧烈的塑性变形,使粗大的铸态组织完全被破碎和细化,晶粒呈等轴状,平均晶粒尺寸大约为9μπι,这种细小均匀的等轴晶组织显著提高了Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材的强度和塑性。进一步分析本实施例制备的Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材中第二相的化学组成,结果表明O、C与Hf形成了 Hf O2和Hf C。由于O和C优先与Hf反应形成化合物,避免了 O和C在晶界处的偏聚,使晶界结合力增强,减少了O和C元素对Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材性能的不利影响,改善了合金的塑性。同时,纳米HfO2和HfC颗粒在剧烈塑性变形过程中发生重排,均匀分布在基体中,如图1 (b)所示,均匀分布的HfO2和HfC颗粒大大提高了Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材的室温及高温力学性能和耐蚀性能。
[0036] 本实施例制备的Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材室温抗拉强度为725MPa、室温延伸率为37 %,在4500C条件下的抗拉强度为515MPa、延伸率为53%,该Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材具有优异的室温和高温强度以及良好的塑性等特点,能够作为下一代高燃耗条件下的结构材料。
[0037] 实施例2
[0038] 本实施例Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材由以下质量百分比的原料制成:Sn 1.0% ,Nb
0.3%,Hf 1.2%,余量为Zr和不可避免的杂质。
[0039]本实施例Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材的制备方法包括以下步骤:
[0040] 步骤一、将高纯Sn、高纯Nb和高纯Hf放入非自耗真空电弧炉里;先抽真空至小于IX 10—2Pa,然后充入氩气,在氩气保护下,在熔炼温度为2600 °C下熔炼I次,得到Sn-Nb-Hf中间合金;所述高纯Sn、高纯Nb和高纯Hf的质量纯度均不小于99 % ;
[0041 ]步骤二、将步骤一中所述Sn-Nb-Hf中间合金进行机械破碎,然后将破碎后的Sn-Nb-Hf中间合金与海绵Zr混合均匀后压制成型,得到电极;所述海绵Zr的质量纯度不小于99% ;
[0042]步骤三、将步骤二中所述电极置于真空自耗电弧炉中,在真空度不大于3 X 10—2Pa的条件下真空自耗电弧熔炼I次,随炉冷却后进行扒皮处理,得到铸锭;所述真空电弧熔炼的电流为7kA,所述真空电弧熔炼的电压为30V;
[0043]步骤四、将步骤三中所述铸锭在挤压温度为600°C,挤压比为7的条件下进行挤压,自然冷却后进行扒皮处理,得到半成品棒坯;
[0044]步骤五、将步骤四中所述半成品棒坯在挤压温度为500°C,挤压比为4的条件下进行挤压,自然冷却后进行扒皮处理,得到Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材。
[0045] 本实施例制备的Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材室温抗拉强度为617MPa、室温延伸率为37%,在450°C条件下的抗拉强度为433MPa、延伸率为39%,本实施例制备的Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材具有优异的室温和高温强度以及良好的塑性等特点,能够作为下一代高燃耗条件下的包壳材料。
[0046] 实施例3
[0047] 本实施例Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材由以下质量百分比的原料制成:Sn 1.0% ,Nb
0.3%,Hf 1.2%,余量为Zr和不可避免的杂质。
[0048]本实施例Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材的制备方法包括以下步骤:
[0049] 步骤一、将高纯Sn、高纯Nb和高纯Hf放入非自耗真空电弧炉里;先抽真空至小于IX 10—2Pa,然后充入氩气,在氩气保护下,在熔炼温度为2800°C下反复熔炼3次,得到成分均匀的Sn-Nb-Hf中间合金;所述高纯Sn、高纯Nb和高纯Hf的质量纯度均不小于99 % ;
[0050]步骤二、将步骤一中所述Sn-Nb-Hf中间合金进行机械破碎,然后将破碎后的Sn-Nb-Hf中间合金与海绵Zr混合均匀后压制成型,得到电极;所述海绵Zr的质量纯度不小于99% ;
[0051]步骤三、将步骤二中所述电极置于真空自耗电弧炉中,在真空度不大于3 X 10—2Pa的条件下真空自耗电弧熔炼3次,随炉冷却后进行扒皮处理,得到铸锭;所述真空电弧熔炼的电流为9kA,所述真空电弧熔炼的电压为40V;
[0052]步骤四、将步骤三中所述铸锭在挤压温度为800°C,挤压比为9的条件下进行挤压,自然冷却后进行扒皮处理,得到半成品棒坯;
[0053]步骤五、将步骤四中所述半成品棒坯在挤压温度为700°C,挤压比为6的条件下进行挤压,自然冷却后进行扒皮处理,得到Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材。
[0054] 本实施例制备的Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材室温抗拉强度为683MPa、室温延伸率为25%,在450°C条件下的抗拉强度为495MPa、延伸率为42%,本实施例制备的Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材具有优异的室温和高温强度以及良好的塑性等特点,能够作为下一代高燃耗条件下的结构材料。
[0055] 实施例4
[0056] 本实施例Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材由以下质量百分比的成分组成:Sn 1.2% ,Nb
0.4%,Hf 1.6%,余量为Zr和不可避免的杂质。
[0057]本实施例Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材的制备方法包括以下步骤:
[0058] 步骤一、将高纯Sn、高纯Nb和高纯Hf放入非自耗真空电弧炉里;先抽真空至小于IX 10—2Pa,然后充入氩气,在氩气保护下,在熔炼温度为2700°C下反复熔炼2次,得到成分均匀的Sn-Nb-Hf中间合金;所述高纯Sn、高纯Nb和高纯Hf的质量纯度均不小于99 % ;
[0059]步骤二、将步骤一中所述Sn-Nb-Hf中间合金进行机械破碎,然后将破碎后的Sn-Nb-Hf中间合金与海绵Zr混合均匀后压制成型,得到电极;所述海绵Zr的质量纯度不小于99% ;
[0060]步骤三、将步骤二中所述电极置于真空自耗电弧炉中,在真空度不大于3 X 10—2Pa的条件下真空自耗电弧熔炼2次,随炉冷却后进行扒皮处理,得到铸锭;所述真空电弧熔炼的电流为8kA,所述真空电弧熔炼的电压为35V;
[0061]步骤四、将步骤三中所述铸锭在挤压温度为700°C,挤压比为8的条件下进行挤压,自然冷却后进行扒皮处理,得到半成品棒坯;
[0062]步骤五、将步骤四中所述半成品棒坯在挤压温度为600°C,挤压比为5的条件下进行挤压,自然冷却后进行扒皮处理,得到Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材。
[0063] 本实施例制备的Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材室温抗拉强度为725MPa、室温延伸率为25%,在450°C条件下的抗拉强度为515MPa、延伸率为39%,本实施例制备的Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材具有优异的室温和高温强度以及良好的塑性等特点,能够作为下一代高燃耗条件下的结构材料。
[0064] 实施例5
[0065] 本实施例Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材由以下质量百分比的成分组成:Sn 0.8% ,Nb
0.2%,Hf 0.8%,余量为Zr和不可避免的杂质。
[0066]本实施例Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材的制备方法包括以下步骤:
[0067] 步骤一、将高纯Sn、高纯Nb和高纯Hf放入非自耗真空电弧炉里;先抽真空至小于IX 10—2Pa,然后充入氩气,在氩气保护下,在熔炼温度为2600°C下反复熔炼3次,得到成分均匀的Sn-Nb-Hf中间合金;所述高纯Sn、高纯Nb和高纯Hf的质量纯度均不小于99 % ;
[0068]步骤二、将步骤一中所述Sn-Nb-Hf中间合金进行机械破碎,然后将破碎后的Sn-Nb-Hf中间合金与海绵Zr混合均匀后压制成型,得到电极;所述海绵Zr的质量纯度不小于99% ;
[0069]步骤三、将步骤二中所述电极置于真空自耗电弧炉中,在真空度不大于3 X 10—2Pa的条件下真空自耗电弧熔炼3次,随炉冷却后进行扒皮处理,得到铸锭;所述真空电弧熔炼的电流为8kA,所述真空电弧熔炼的电压为35V;
[0070]步骤四、将步骤三中所述铸锭在挤压温度为800°C,挤压比为9的条件下进行挤压,自然冷却后进行扒皮处理,得到半成品棒坯;
[0071]步骤五、将步骤四中所述半成品棒坯在挤压温度为700°C,挤压比为7的条件下进行挤压,自然冷却后进行扒皮处理,得到Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材。
[0072] 本实施例制备的Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材室温抗拉强度为709MPa、室温延伸率为31%,在450 °C条件下的抗拉强度为485MPa、延伸率为41%,本实施例制备的Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材具有优异的室温和高温强度以及良好的塑性等特点,能够作为下一代高燃耗条件下的结构材料。
[0073] 实施例6
[0074] 本实施例Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材由以下质量百分比的原料制成:Sn 1.0% ,Nb
0.3%,Hf 1.2%,余量为Zr和不可避免的杂质。
[0075]本实施例Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材的制备方法包括以下步骤:
[0076] 步骤一、将高纯Sn、高纯Nb和高纯Hf放入非自耗真空电弧炉里;先抽真空至小于IX 10—2Pa,然后充入氩气,在氩气保护下,在熔炼温度为2700°C下反复熔炼3次,得到成分均匀的Sn-Nb-Hf中间合金;所述高纯Sn、高纯Nb和高纯Hf的质量纯度均不小于99 % ;
[0077]步骤二、将步骤一中所述Sn-Nb-Hf中间合金进行机械破碎,然后将破碎后的Sn-Nb-Hf中间合金与海绵Zr混合均匀后压制成型,得到电极;所述海绵Zr的质量纯度不小于99% ;
[0078]步骤三、将步骤二中所述电极置于真空自耗电弧炉中,在真空度不大于3 X 10—2Pa的条件下真空自耗电弧熔炼3次,随炉冷却后进行扒皮处理,得到铸锭;所述真空电弧熔炼的电流为7kA,所述真空电弧熔炼的电压为30V;
[0079]步骤四、将步骤三中所述铸锭在挤压温度为650°C,挤压比为7.5的条件下进行挤压,自然冷却后进行扒皮处理,得到半成品棒坯;
[0080]步骤五、将步骤四中所述半成品棒坯在挤压温度为550°C,挤压比为4.5的条件下进行挤压,自然冷却后进行扒皮处理,得到Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材。
[0081 ] 本实施例制备的Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材室温抗拉强度为673MPa、室温延伸率为29%,在450°C条件下的抗拉强度为463MPa、延伸率为45%,本实施例制备的Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材具有优异的室温和高温强度以及良好的塑性等特点,能够作为下一代高燃耗条件下的结构材料。
[0082] 实施例7
[0083] 本实施例Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材由以下质量百分比的原料制成:Sn 0.9% ,Nb
0.25%,Hf 1.0%,余量为Zr和不可避免的杂质。
[0084]本实施例Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材的制备方法包括以下步骤:
[0085] 步骤一、将高纯Sn、高纯Nb和高纯Hf放入非自耗真空电弧炉里;先抽真空至小于IX 10—2Pa,然后充入氩气,在氩气保护下,在熔炼温度为2700°C下反复熔炼3次,得到成分均匀的Sn-Nb-Hf中间合金;所述高纯Sn、高纯Nb和高纯Hf的质量纯度均不小于99 % ;
[0086]步骤二、将步骤一中所述Sn-Nb-Hf中间合金进行机械破碎,然后将破碎后的Sn-Nb-Hf中间合金与海绵Zr混合均匀后压制成型,得到电极;所述海绵Zr的质量纯度不小于99% ;
[0087]步骤三、将步骤二中所述电极置于真空自耗电弧炉中,在真空度不大于3 X 10—2Pa的条件下真空自耗电弧熔炼3次,随炉冷却后进行扒皮处理,得到铸锭;所述真空电弧熔炼的电流为7kA,所述真空电弧熔炼的电压为30V;
[0088]步骤四、将步骤三中所述铸锭在挤压温度为750°C,挤压比为8.5的条件下进行挤压,自然冷却后进行扒皮处理,得到半成品棒坯;
[0089]步骤五、将步骤四中所述半成品棒坯在挤压温度为650°C,挤压比为5.5的条件下进行挤压,自然冷却后进行扒皮处理,得到Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材。
[0090] 本实施例制备的Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材室温抗拉强度为617MPa、室温延伸率为25%,在450°C条件下的抗拉强度为433MPa、延伸率为39%,本实施例制备的Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材具有优异的室温和高温强度以及良好的塑性等特点,能够作为下一代高燃耗条件下的结构材料。
[0091 ] 实施例8
[0092] 本实施例Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材由以下质量百分比的原料制成:Sn 1.1%,Nb
0.35%,Hf 1.4%,余量为Zr和不可避免的杂质。
[0093]本实施例Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材的制备方法包括以下步骤:
[0094] 步骤一、将高纯Sn、高纯Nb和高纯Hf放入非自耗真空电弧炉里;先抽真空至小于IX 10—2Pa,然后充入氩气,在氩气保护下,在熔炼温度为2600°C下反复熔炼3次,得到成分均匀的Sn-Nb-Hf中间合金;所述高纯Sn、高纯Nb和高纯Hf的质量纯度均不小于99 % ;
[0095]步骤二、将步骤一中所述Sn-Nb-Hf中间合金进行机械破碎,然后将破碎后的Sn-Nb-Hf中间合金与海绵Zr混合均匀后压制成型,得到电极;所述海绵Zr的质量纯度不小于99% ;
[0096]步骤三、将步骤二中所述电极置于真空自耗电弧炉中,在真空度不大于3 X 10—2Pa的条件下真空自耗电弧熔炼3次,随炉冷却后进行扒皮处理,得到铸锭;所述真空电弧熔炼的电流为7.5kA,所述真空电弧熔炼的电压为35V;
[0097]步骤四、将步骤三中所述铸锭在挤压温度为650°C,挤压比为7.5的条件下进行挤压,自然冷却后进行扒皮处理,得到半成品棒坯;
[0098]步骤五、将步骤四中所述半成品棒坯在挤压温度为550°C,挤压比为4.5的条件下进行挤压,自然冷却后进行扒皮处理,得到Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材。
[0099]本实施例制备的Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材室温抗拉强度为617MPa、室温延伸率为37%,在450°C条件下的抗拉强度为515MPa、延伸率为39%,本实施例制备的Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材具有优异的室温和高温强度以及良好的塑性等特点,能够作为下一代高燃耗条件下的结构材料。
[0100] 实施例9
[0101] 本实施例Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材由以下质量百分比的原料制成:Sn 0.9% ,Nb
0.35%,Hf 1.4%,余量为Zr和不可避免的杂质。
[0102]本实施例Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材的制备方法包括以下步骤:
[0103] 步骤一、将高纯Sn、高纯Nb和高纯Hf放入非自耗真空电弧炉里;先抽真空至小于IX 10—2Pa,然后充入氩气,在氩气保护下,在熔炼温度为2700°C下反复熔炼3次,得到成分均匀的Sn-Nb-Hf中间合金;所述高纯Sn、高纯Nb和高纯Hf的质量纯度均不小于99 % ;
[0104]步骤二、将步骤一中所述Sn-Nb-Hf中间合金进行机械破碎,然后将破碎后的Sn-Nb-Hf中间合金与海绵Zr混合均匀后压制成型,得到电极;所述海绵Zr的质量纯度不小于99% ;
[0105]步骤三、将步骤二中所述电极置于真空自耗电弧炉中,在真空度不大于3 X 10—2Pa的条件下真空自耗电弧熔炼3次,随炉冷却后进行扒皮处理,得到铸锭;所述真空电弧熔炼的电流为8.5kA,所述真空电弧熔炼的电压为35V;
[0106]步骤四、将步骤三中所述铸锭在挤压温度为600°C,挤压比为9的条件下进行挤压,自然冷却后进行扒皮处理,得到半成品棒坯;
[0107]步骤五、将步骤四中所述半成品棒坯在挤压温度为500°C,挤压比为6的条件下进行挤压,自然冷却后进行扒皮处理,得到Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材。
[0108]本实施例制备的Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材室温抗拉强度为712MPa、室温延伸率为37%,在450°C条件下的抗拉强度为501MPa、延伸率为53%,本实施例制备的Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材具有优异的室温和高温强度以及良好的塑性等特点,能够作为下一代高燃耗条件下的结构材料。
[0109] 实施例10
[0110] 本实施例Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材由以下质量百分比的原料制成:Sn 1.1%,Nb
0.35%,Hf 1.0%,余量为Zr和不可避免的杂质,余量为Zr和不可避免的杂质。
[0111]本实施例Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材的制备方法包括以下步骤:
[0112] 步骤一、将高纯Sn、高纯Nb和高纯Hf放入非自耗真空电弧炉里;先抽真空至小于IX 10—2Pa,然后充入氩气,在氩气保护下,在熔炼温度为2600°C下反复熔炼3次,得到成分均匀的Sn-Nb-Hf中间合金;所述高纯Sn、高纯Nb和高纯Hf的质量纯度均不小于99 % ;
[0113]步骤二、将步骤一中所述Sn-Nb-Hf中间合金进行机械破碎,然后将破碎后的Sn-Nb-Hf中间合金与海绵Zr混合均匀后压制成型,得到电极;所述海绵Zr的质量纯度不小于99% ;
[0114]步骤三、将步骤二中所述电极置于真空自耗电弧炉中,在真空度不大于3 X 10—2Pa的条件下真空自耗电弧熔炼3次,随炉冷却后进行扒皮处理,得到铸锭;所述真空电弧熔炼的电流为7.5kA,所述真空电弧熔炼的电压为40V;
[0115]步骤四、将步骤三中所述铸锭在挤压温度为800°C,挤压比为7的条件下进行挤压,自然冷却后进行扒皮处理,得到半成品棒坯;
[0116]步骤五、将步骤四中所述半成品棒坯在挤压温度为700°C,挤压比为6的条件下进行挤压,自然冷却后进行扒皮处理,得到Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材。
[0117]本实施例制备的Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材室温抗拉强度为617MPa、室温延伸率为25%,在450°C条件下的抗拉强度为433MPa、延伸率为39%,本实施例制备的Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材具有优异的室温和高温强度以及良好的塑性等特点,能够作为下一代高燃耗条件下的结构材料。
[0118]以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例,并非对本发明作任何限制。凡是根据发明技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、变更以及等效变化,均仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围内。
Claims (8)
1.一种Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材,其特征在于,由以下质量百分比的成分组成:Sn 0.8%〜1.2%,Nb 0.2%〜0.4%,Hf 0.8%〜1.6%,余量为Zr和不可避免的杂质。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材,其特征在于,由以下质量百分比的成分组成:Sn 0.9%〜l.l%,Nb 0.25%〜0.35%,ΗΠ.0%〜1.4%,余量为Zr和不可避免的杂质。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材,其特征在于,由以下质量百分比的成分组成:Sn 1.0%,Nb 0.3%,Hf 1.2%,余量为Zr和不可避免的杂质。
4.一种制备如权利要求1、2或3所述Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材的方法,其特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤: 步骤一、将高纯Sn、高纯Nb和高纯Hf置于非自耗真空电弧炉中,在氩气保护,温度为2600 0C〜2800°C的条件下熔炼I〜3次,得到Sn-Nb-Hf中间合金; 步骤二、对步骤一中所述Sn-Nb-Hf中间合金进行机械破碎,然后将破碎后的Sn-Nb-Hf中间合金与海绵Zr混合均匀后压制成型,得到电极; 步骤三、将步骤二中所述电极置于真空自耗电弧炉中,在真空度不大于3X10—2Pa的条件下真空电弧熔炼I〜3次,随炉冷却后进行扒皮处理,得到铸锭;所述真空电弧熔炼的电流为7kA〜9kA,所述真空电弧熔炼的电压为30V〜40V ; 步骤四、将步骤三中所述铸锭在挤压温度为600°C〜800°C,挤压比为7〜9的条件下进行挤压,自然冷却后进行扒皮处理,得到半成品棒坯; 步骤五、将步骤四中所述半成品棒坯在挤压温度为500°C〜700°C,挤压比为4〜6的条件下进行挤压,自然冷却后进行扒皮处理,得到Zr-Sn-Nb-Hf合金棒材。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤一中所述高纯Sn、高纯Nb和高纯Hf的质量纯度均不小于99%。
6.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤二中所述海绵Zr的质量纯度不小于99%。
7.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤四中所述挤压温度为650°C〜750°C,挤压比为7.5〜8.5。
8.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤五中所述挤压温度为550°C〜650°C,挤压比为4.5〜5.5。
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